Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 43

THE FROG FARM CONSPIRACY

How Texas Criminal Justice Became a Street Gang

By

Randall D. Kelton

PO Box 1

Boyd, TX 76023

HM: 940.433.5070

MO: 940. 399.9922

HOW GOOD THINGS GO BAD

We all like to think we live in a land governed by rule of law, but in our hearts we know better. If you live in these United
States & are accused of crime, you will not get a fair trial. That is not to say you can't get acquitted, just, nothing about the
process is fair & just only incidentally. The public officials we put in place to protect our rights abuse, abridge, & abate
them as a matter of course & do so with arrogance & impunity. You just try to do something about it & see what happens.

This document definitively demonstrates dastardly deeds & outrageous wrongs wrought, not by the worst but, by the
truest of heart in the best of faith. It will show, with 'specificity & particularity' how, in Texas, otherwise well meaning
officials regularly & routinely deny you & me in our sworn protection, basic rights, simple dignity, & common civility.

It further will further show how we have all been conned, how in criminally culpable collusion with an ongoing criminal
conspiracy to deprive us all the protection of our constitutions & laws we have all been coerced into accepting the
unacceptable. It will further show how, even our public officials, acting from behind the threat of the policing powers, while
extorting money from us under pretense of criminal procedure, have been seduced as well. We have all been persuaded
that, what appears to be wrong & in violation of clear law is somehow a misperception & acceptable.

What is happening is not law. It only vaguely resembles law having nothing to do with justice.

It is a conspiracy I tell you, a low down dirty rotten out right sneaking conniving conspiracy. Oh, this is a sorry sordid
business.

If you think this sounds a bit outrageous you are right; it is outrageous. If you think this is not right, you're right again, isn't,
but it is how things work in Texas.

Getting a bit incredulous are we? About this time you are probably considering this the ravings of one of those outrageous
radicals who rant in the public ear & rail in righteous indignation about an unidentified 'they' who conspire to enslave us
all. And then there are those who find demons under every bed & conspiracies behind every motive. But, be warned of the
broad brush as it has a tendency to cover more than clarify.

Freedom, whatever else, is not free. It commands constant conscientious care & critique. Its enemies are everywhere,
from inside as well as out. If we are to be responsible stewards & bequeath freedom intact to our children, we must
doggedly demonstrate due diligence. We must be prepared to confront all its enemies, not just the convenient & colorful.

There is an enemy out there that needs confronting. Seductive & seditious, it lies camouflaged among the common & the
everyday, lurking in the details. There is no demonic despot here against whom we can rail in indignation, dehumanize

Page 1 of 43
beyond all compassion then let loose the dogs of war toward righteous retribution. This enemy is filled with guile &
subtlety. It prays on our distraction & self-deception. It hides behind our self-made fears we refuse to face.

While the problem is persistent & pervasive, it is not inevitable. While the problem is complex in its manifestation the
solution is simple, & we don’t need new legislation. This problem exists from no lack of law; this problem exists from
failure to follow law. Read the book, do what it says & the problem will go away. For all its complex manifestations, it will
simply go away.

Our Constitutional Framers & subsequent Legislators put together a comprehensive Corpus Juris, a body of law, a
homogeneous whole; it all works together. When picked apart & partitioned into disparate pieces, it can be squed &
squeezed to give the appearance of supporting most any notion.

If you read the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure & Penal Code then examine the current practice of criminal justice, you
will, get the impression you have stepped through the looking glass. You will find yourself in a wonderland where nothing
is as it seems, where one thing is said & another done.

The problems I present stem from a simple perceptional aberration, the ill-conceived notion that our statutory construction
is somehow capricious & arbitrary, that our Legislators & Constitutional Framers didn’t really mean what they said. The
solution is, therefore, simple. Go back to the basics. Follow the law as written even if it is not administratively convenient
or adjudicatively expedient.

This is not only a good strategy, it is the only strategy as the problem exists not from lack of law, but deference to variance
from law.

The 1st hurdle to overcome is the inherent fear of our own. There is this common notion that our police & public officials
are to be feared.

"You better watch out. They will get you if you buck the system."

"You can't fight city hall."

"Bla bla, bla; yada, yada, yada."

We have all hear it, many even used it, but it is a dodge. It is simply not true. They will not get you. You don't have to fight
city hall, they are your employees, your public servants. To assert our public officials are somehow adversaries is simply
irresponsible & unacceptable. We, as mature responsible adults, simply cannot allow ourselves to become terrified of the
governmental instruments we have created.

Our govt. is made up of people just like you & me; they are our neighbors, our countrymen & women. For the most part,
they go into govt. service to serve & support us. To then dishonor them by doubting their good faith is adolescent; it is
betrayal.

We look to our police & courts to protect us from our own distraction, to keep us focused & careful so we don’t wind up a
statistic. Our public officials deserve the same protection we ask from them. It is our duty, yours & mine, to demand &
insure our public officials stay well within the limits we set for them, but we have failed them in this & we have failed our
selves & our children.

The 2nd hurdle is an illusion, a mental momentum we perpetuate out of our need to believe we are free & protected by our
laws. We know things seem unfair, but we assume there is something important we simply don’t know. We figure judges,
prosecutors, & defense counsel are legal professionals, & they know something we don't that explains the apparent
contradictions.

Page 2 of 43
When demonstrated with specifics, how the law is being subverted & perverted by our trusted public officials, people tend
to feel threatened & vulnerable, as well they should. They also tend to feel helpless to address or alter the practices of the
powers that be & defend by denial. We simply refuse to see what we cannot accept.

What are you talking about? I simply refuse to accept that I am in denial.

How can any true American accept that there is no law, that we are not free from the capricious & arbitrary exercise of
power to our detriment? How does one admit that everything is a lie? To accept we are not protected by our Constitution
& laws is to accept our vulnerability, & we can't do that.

We all know how things are, but it is an unspoken rule, we don’t say it out loud. Consequently, the 1st response I generally
get is, "No way. There is no way things ca be as bad as you say, after all, we have rights."

We certainly like to think that. We were told that & taught that, but even as children we knew better. While in school, while
being indoctrinated into the benefits of the American form of govt. & our inalienable rights under it, the reality was being
demonstrated otherwise. As we were being instructed in the immutable nature of our sovereignty & rights there under, it
was made clear; any attempt to claim or exercise those rights would be considered insubordination & swiftly bring the full
weight of the system on our heads.

Yes, I have heard all the reasonable rationale from our educators about how a single chink in their authoritarian armor will
cascade inevitably into chaos. I understand how treating the children with dignity & respect for their rights would be
administratively inconvenient but consider the consequences.

From our children's 1st experience with govt., the difference between the rhetoric & reality is stark. While they have rights
somewhere, school is not somewhere. School is the reality they have to live in. They are compelled by law to rehearse the
words & talk the talk, while toeing a totally different line. When these children become adults, how could you expect them
to miraculously transform into empowered citizens when any attempt at empowerment for the last 12 yrs. was met with
overwhelming retribution?

People don’t vote b/c they feel powerless to affect the system. People don’t scream in righteous indignation when
wronged by the governmental instruments they empower as they have been indoctrinated into powerlessness.

This is not an indictment of the school systems. I have the utmost respect for our educators & accept them as consumate
professionals doing the best they can, given their circumstance. Blaming the schools would be as over simplistic as
blaming the public for not policing their police. The problem with the problem is more complex. For all that is wrong, there
are no bad guys to blame. Well, there may be 1 or 2, but they are not the problem. The problem is that the good guys,
doing the best they know how, have been compromised, coerced & conditioned to blindly follow a false & self serving
authority.

I only mention the schools above & the judges below in order to draw a line from the cause to the outcome of a basic,
underlying problem in this country. This background is not intended to imply justification for the Frog Farm Conspiracy I
will demonstrate later, but only as a way to demonstrate how something so outrageous can creep up on us. The hardest
hurdle I will have to handle is mental momentum. I understand the difficulty of stepping through the looking glass as our
concocted reflection or our own expectations & need for a safe protective system is too comfortable to cast aside easily.

Our Constitutional framers & subsequent Legislators laid down a very sophisticated & well-structured body of law. Like
any body, when we change parts around, even apparently small & insignificant ones, consequences inevitably evolve we
never contemplated.

Therefore, it is short sighted & irresponsible to blame individuals when a problem is pervasive across a system. This is not
a problem with individuals. It is a problem with ideals, expediency, & focus. We naturally tend to focus on immediate
concerns, bend toward expediency, & often lose sight of basic guiding principals.
Page 3 of 43
When we betray basic principals, problems radiate out, often with no clear & obvious connection. When problems accrue
across a system, you must always look to the basics & the legal system is no exception. Judicial integrity is decaying
across the board, from the top to the bottom so, where do we look for answers?

Our Capricious Courts

The ultimate & most basic problem with our legal system stems from the Supreme Court. We can point back to 1872
when the Justices ruled on a matter directly affecting their individual financial liability. In an asserted effort to protect the
honor & sanctity of the courts, they created a condition insuring the opposite. They ruled the Legislature did not mean
exactly what it clearly stated when it intended to make judges subject to civil suit for acts in violation of a citizens rights
from the bench & rendered themselves above & beyond rule of law.

Consequently, in this country, the only ones who trust the courts have never been before them. All who have been there
know Judges are essentially above the law. They can do whatever they please & there is little or nothing you can do about
it. When you or I stand before a Judge we are bound to the letter of law. If we have counsel s/he is similarly bound to law
& the appropriate bar association standards, & we are both bound to the caprice of the judge. The judges, in their turn are
bound to nothing but their individual personal passions & convictions or lack thereof.

What reasonable person of ordinary prudence would consider such a circumstance anything but inherently unfair? In such
a situation, a fair trial is simply not possible. That is not to say you can't prevail in court; 1 party or the other inevitably
does; only that nothing about the process is fair.

Attorneys spend years in school coming out ready to change the world only to find the holy grail of rights & freedom was
all smoke & mirrors. They quickly find, in the real world, rule of law has been supplanted by judicial personalities. All that
matters is rather or not you appeal to the personal passions of the judge you are before. If an attorney can't sufficiently
coddle & conjole the judge, they will never get to anything even resembling law & a successful career before the bar
simply will not happen.

How we got from where we were intended to where we are is a classic example of the best of intentions.

During the reconstruction of the nation after the Civil War, the governmental structures in the south were left in place. The
police, judges, mayors & other officials needed to maintain order & civil administration were retained but under direction of
the North. The Yankee interference, however, was much detested & mostly disregarded. It was difficult to ensure
compliance at a local level & appeals to the courts for justice went unheeded, so the Congress enacted legislation that
would, 1st, make a public official subject to civil suit for violating a citizens rights & 2nd, make it a criminal act.

On Jan. 29, 1866, Senator Trumbull took to the Senate floor to describe S. 61 to his colleagues. Trumbull indicated that
"the 1st section will amount to nothing more than the declaration in the Constitution itself unless we have the machinery to
carry it into effect." Id., at 475. The Senator then alluded to the 2nd section of the bill which provided:

In the Legislative hearings, it was made clear:

That any person who under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom shall subject, or cause to be
subjected, any inhabitant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or protected by this act, or to
different punishment, pains, or penalties on account of such person having at any time been held in a condition of slavery
or involuntary servitude, . . . or by reason of his color or race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white persons, shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, &, on conviction, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment
not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court." Ibid.

This ultimately became the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 & was eventually codified into Federal law as 42 USC 1983 &
18 USC 242. 42 USC 1983 states:

Page 4 of 43
42 USC § 1983. - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the
District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the
jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution & laws, shall be
liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in
any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer's judicial capacity, injunctive relief
shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable. For the purposes of
this section, any Act of Congress applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia shall be considered to be a statute of
the District of Columbia

This would make every public official subject to civil suit if they violated a citizen’s rights.

18 USC 242 made the above a criminal act.

18 USC § 242. Deprivation of rights under color of law

Release date: 2004-08-06

Whoever, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, willfully subjects any person in any
State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities
secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to different punishments, pains, or
penalties, on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race, than are prescribed for the
punishment of citizens, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both; & if bodily
injury results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use,
or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not
more than ten years, or both; & if death results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts
include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual
abuse, or an attempt to kill, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both,
or may be sentenced to death.

Judges considered this a direct threat to their autonomy & potential personal liability. They knew full well this would
require them to act within the limits of law or suffer consequences.

This is how the Court dealt with it.

"Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is written in broad terms. It purports to subject “[e]very person: acting under color of state law to
liability for depriving any other person in the unite States of “rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution &
law.” The Court has consistently recognized, however, that § 1983 was not meant “to abolish wholesale all
common-law immunities.”

"As early as 1872, the Court recognized that it was "a general principle of the highest importance to the proper
administration of justice that a judicial officer, in exercising the authority vested in him, [should] be free to act
upon his own convictions, w/o apprehension of personal consequences to himself." Bradley v. Fisher, supra, at
347. For that reason the Court held that "judges of courts of superior or general jurisdiction are not liable to civil actions for
their judicial acts, even when such acts are in excess of their jurisdiction, & are alleged to have been done
maliciously or corruptly." 13 Wall., at 351. Later we held that this doctrine of judicial immunity was applicable in suits
under § 1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, for the legislative record gave no indication that Congress
intended to abolish this long-established principle. " Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547 (1967).

Nonsense, of course the Legislative debates gave indication it intended this to apply to the courts. It is clear the bill was
specifically intended to create a new remedy that would protect citizens from the improper rulings of judges.
Page 5 of 43
Representative Wilson of Iowa, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, introduced S. 61 in the House on March 1,
1866. Of 1 of the bill, he said:

"Mr. Speaker, I think I may safely affirm that this bill, so far as it declares the equality of all citizens in the enjoyment of civil
rights & immunities merely affirms existing law. We are following the Constitution. . . . It is not the object of this bill to
establish new rights, but to protect & enforce those which already belong to every citizen." Id., at 1117.

That the Legislature meant to abolish the prior common law protecting recalcitrant judges was made even clearer when
President Johnson vetoed the bill claiming it would allow Legislators to be sued:

Trumbull took issue with both statements. As to the charge that 2 would result in the criminal prosecution of state
legislators, Trumbull replied

"Who is to be punished? Is the law to be punished? Are the men who make the law to be punished? Is that the language
of the bill? Not at all. If any person, 'under color of any law,' shall subject another to the deprivation of a right to which he
is entitled, he is to be punished. Who? The person who, under the color of the law, does the act, not the men who made
the law. In some communities in the South a custom prevails by which different punishment is inflicted upon the
blacks from that meted out to whites for the same offense. Does this section propose to punish the community
where the custom prevails? Or is it to punish the person who, under color of the custom, deprives the party of
his right? It is a manifest perversion of the meaning of the section to assert anything else." Id., at 1758.

To assert that this act was meant other than to punish judges is a "manifest perversion of the meaning of the section."
As to the nonsense about creating a new remedy, they were very cognizant that was exactly what they were doing.

Representative Shellabarger added that 1 provided a civil remedy "on the same state of facts" as 2 of the Civil Rights Act
of 1866. Ibid. Obviously Representative Shellabarger's introduction of 1 of the bill to his colleagues would have been
altogether different if he had been of the view that the 39th Congress, of which he had been a Member, had already
created a broader federal damages remedy against state actors in 1866. The view that 1 of the 1871 Act was an
amendment of or supplement to the 1866 Act designed to create a new civil remedy against state actors was
echoed throughout the debates in the House. See id., at 461 (Rep. Coburn); id., at App. 312-313 (Rep. Burchard).
Opponents of 1 operated on this same understanding. See id., at 429 (Rep. McHenry) ("The 1st section of the bill is
intended as an amendment of the civil rights act"); id., at 365 (Rep. Arthur).

[62]

Both proponents & opponents in the House viewed 1 as working an expansion of federal jurisdiction. Supporters
continually referred to the failure of the state courts to enforce federal law designed for the protection of the
freedman, & saw 1 as remedying this situation by interposing the federal courts between the State & citizens of
the United States. See id., at 376 (Rep. Lowe) ("The case has arisen . . . when the Federal Govt. must resort to its own
agencies to carry its own authority into execution. Hence this bill throws open the doors of the United States courts to
those whose rights under the Constitution are denied or impaired"). Opponents recognized the expansion of original
jurisdiction & railed against it on policy & constitutional grounds. See id., at 429 (Rep. McHenry) ("The 1st section of the bill
. . . vests in the Federal courts jurisdiction to determine the individual rights of citizens of the same State; a jurisdiction
which of right belongs only to the State tribunals"); id., at App. 50 (Rep. Kerr); id., at 365-366 (Rep. Authur); id., at 373
(Rep. Archer). JETT v. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT 1989

Bradley v. Fisher & it porgeny is so blatant a contradiction to the Legislative intent, it cannot be construed these
experienced learned men were somehow ignorant of exactly what they were doing. This act was in clear defiance of the
clear intent of the law.

Page 6 of 43
A fundamental canon of statutory construction is that, unless otherwise defined, words will be interpreted as
taking their ordinary, contemporary common meaning. rns v. Alcala, 420 U.S. 575, 580-581 (1975). See Perrin v
State (1979).

What worse betrayal can a people suffer than that of the most revered & trusted. How great the wrong is was stipulated by
an earlier court, back in 1821.

It is most true that this Court will not take jurisdiction if it should not: but it is equally true, that it must take jurisdiction if it
should. The judiciary cannot, as the legislature may, avoid a measure b/c it approaches the confines of the constitution.
We cannot pass it by b/c it is doubtful. With whatever doubts, with whatever difficulties, a case may be attended, we must
decide it, if it be brought before us. We have no more right to decline the exercise of jurisdiction which is given,
than to usurp that which is not given. The one or the other would be treason to the constitution. Questions may
occur which we would gladly avoid; but we cannot avoid them. All we can do is, to exercise our best judgment, &
conscientiously to perform our duty. Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. (6 Wheat) 264, 404, 5 L.Ed 257 (1821)

H.G. Wells, in his outline of history, while speaking to the corruption of the Popes during the dark ages, aptly observed:

"The giver of the law most owes the law allegiance. He of all beings should behave as if the law compels him.
But, it is the universal failing of mankind that what we are given to administer we promptly presume we own,"

No reasonable person of ordinary prudence can study this decision & not be dismayed at the audacity. The courts have
ruled a police officer on the street, making decisions in the heat of the moment even at the point of a gun, can be subject
to suit. In their wisdom they required a heightened pleading standard but left police at risk as they felt it necessary to
prevent abuse. But, when it came to the acts of themselves, taken at their leisure, after careful contemplation in
possession of all the facts, ruled the public had no similar right to protection.

At best this is outrageous, at worst, Seditious Conspiracy.

Sec. 2384. - Seditious conspiracy

If 2 or more persons in any State or Territory, or in any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States,
conspire to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Govt. of the United States, or to levy war against them, or to
oppose by force the authority thereof, or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United
States, or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof, they
shall each be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 yrs., or both

By this breach of the public trust, the clearly stated letter of law, & the body of their own decisions they created a situation
whereby every person within the jurisdiction of any American Court must necessarily be denied the equal protection of the
laws guaranteed by the Constitution.

So, when the highest court, the remedy of last resort so abuses the rule of law to their own personal benefit as to shock
the conscious of any reasonable neutral observer, what recourse remains?

I suggest 2. The 1st is a matter of jurisdiction. The Justices who made these rulings had a personal stake in the outcome
of their rulings & this points to a well-established remedy.

As we held in Aetna life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie, 475 U.S. 813 (1986), this concern has constitutional dimensions. In that case
we wrote:

"We conclude that Justice Embry's participation in this case violated appellant's due process rights as explicated
in Tumey, Murchison, & Ward. We make clear that we are not required to decide whether in fact Justice Embry
was influenced, but only whether sitting on the case then before the Supreme Court of Alabama '"would offer a
possible temptation to the average [judge] . . . [to] lead him not to hold the balance nice, clear & true."' The Due
Page 7 of 43
Process Clause 'may sometimes bar trial by judges who have no actual bias & who would do their very best to weigh the
scales of justice equally between contending parties. But to perform its high function in the best way, "justice must
satisfy the appearance of justice."'" Id., at 825

The Court would have it that "when all are disqualified, none are disqualified." They would have us accept that judges
may make decisions affecting judges with impunity. I suggest, when a matter affects all, judges must either follow the
strict letter of the law or defer to the Legislature for direction. But to say, if none of us should rule on a subject, it is
perfectly fine for any of us to rule is utter nonsense.

(Look up All are Disqualified)

This matter involved much more than the appearance of bias; it involved a situation where the Justices stood to be
personally liable in their individual capacities if they violated a person’s rights under color of their authority. So long as the
court stayed within the limits of law they were at no risk, so what was the problem?

One meaning of "impartiality" in the judicial context - & of course its root meaning - is the lack of bias for or
against either party to the proceeding. Impartiality in this sense assures equal application of the law. That is, it
guarantees a party that the judge who hears his case will apply the law to him in the same way he applies it to
any other party. This is the traditional sense in which the term is used. See Webster's New International
Dictionary 1247 (2d ed. 1950) (defining "impartial" as "[n]ot partial; esp., not favoring one more than another;
treating all alike; unbiased; equitable; fair; just"). It is also the sense in which it is used in the cases cited by
respondents & amici for the proposition that an impartial judge is essential to due process. Tumey v. Ohio, 273 U.
S. 510, 523, 531-534 (1927) (judge violated due process by sitting in a case in which it would be in his financial
interest to find against one of the parties); Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie, 475 U. S. 813, 822-825 (1986) (same);
Ward v. Monroeville, 409 U. S. 57, 58-62 (1972) Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, 122 S.Ct. 2528, 153
L.Ed.2d 694 (U.S. 06/27/2002)

Failing disqualification of the Justices, we might consider the potential criminal aspect of their actions. By denying every
citizen in the United States in their right to a fair trial, how do the Justices avoid culpability under criminal law?

Whenever a judge acts where he/she does not have jurisdiction to act, the judge is engaged in an act or acts of
treason. U.S. v. Will, 449 U.S. 200, 216, 101 S.Ct. 471, 66 L.Ed.2d 392, 406 (1980); Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. (6
Wheat) 264, 404, 5 L.Ed 257 (1821)

When the Judges threw down the gauntlet to the Legislature & simply refused to enforce the law as passed, they assured
the public there were other avenues of redress. As concerns that other avenue, while they provided themselves immunity
from civil litigation, I find nothing absolving them of criminal responsibility. They didn’t have the audacity to go quite that
far. However, what they couldn't do directly, they did on the sly. In order to protect themselves from criminal prosecution
they extended immunity to those individuals who could potentially prosecute them, prosecutors.

There was a time when a citizen could pursue prosecution of a judge or other lawbreaker as a private prosecutor. That
made for a very effective check to the balance of judicial power, but no longer. The right of the citizen to police our police
has been usurped.

If you read the law, it gives the appearance of a Grand Jury standing as a check to the balance of powers wielded by the
courts. That is the appearance, but not the reality. In the real world, it is all smoke & mirrors as Grand Juries have been
rendered mute by the illegal practices promoted by Prosecutors & condoned by Judges.

Contrary to the rule of law by clearly stipulates statutory direction, complaints against public officials are not presented to
"some magistrate" thereby commencing a prosecution, but rather, they are always sent to prosecutors. Prosecutors then
exercise discretion as to rather or not to present the complaints to the Grand Jury.

Page 8 of 43
In Texas, this is done even though it is expressly forbidden (see Article 32.02 Code of Criminal Procedure. In the case of
federal prosecutors, however, the courts have went farther & given them the authority to usurp the Judiciary & make
judicial decisions concerning the sufficiency of allegations. They have given federal prosecutors the authority to dismiss
prosecutions. Since Federal Prosecutors are members of the Executive Branch of govt., this works an outrageous
violation of the separation of powers & virtually insures no judge will be prosecuted for criminal acts unless the President
finds it politically expedient.

If a judge does not fully comply with the Constitution, then his orders are void, In re Sawyer, 124 U.S. 200 (1888),
he/she is w/o jurisdiction, & he/she has engaged in an act or acts of treason.

By creating an immunity specifically denied by clear legislation & granting judicial powers to prosecutors, the Supreme
Court has acted well beyond any jurisdiction, but what is to be done when the highest court in our land stoops to the
lowest of levels?

In the current climate, when a judge acts in violation of law & denies a citizen in one of his/her rights there is nothing a
citizen can do about it? When those put in place to enforce law become the violators, who is left to raise a red flag?

In such a situation, no lawyer in his/her right professional mind would do anything to incur the ire of any judge or
prosecutor, not if s/he ever wants to win another case. So don’t expect your defense counsel to raise much ruckus. And
the Legislature will tell you real quick they just make the laws, they have nothing to do with enforcement besides,
Legislators are as frightened of Judges as anyone else.

Maybe the FBI or Federal Prosecutors could be counted on to protect our rights. Not in this life. They are members of the
Executive branch of govt.. They work for the President who appoints the Federal Judges. As must be clear to even a
casual observer, those aspects of law enforcement who work for the Presidents of this country are little more than political
arms if the incumbent administrations. You can't expect them to do anything that is not politically expedient in the short
term.

When the only Constitutional Court in the land abolishes the Constitution at its whim, who would risk raising a threatening
issue?

American Legal System Is Corrupt Beyond Recognition ...Judge Tells Harvard Law School
By Geraldine Hawkins
3-9-3

The American legal system has been corrupted almost beyond recognition, Judge Edith Jones of the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, told the Federalist Society of Harvard Law School on Feb. 28.

She said that the question of what is morally right is routinely sacrificed to what is politically expedient. The
change has come b/c legal philosophy has descended to nihilism.

Reading the Court's reasoning in support of setting themselves apart from the rule of law, they present a logical case, but
remember,

"Logic is not truth; it merely has the ring of truth &, therefore, is the 1st refuge of the scoundrel."

In this case the logic is specious at best, if not deliberately malicious. At least the reasoning w/o rational foundation.

If you want the real reason for their betrayal look to Imbler v Patchman:

“it is better to leave unredressed the wrongs done by dishonest officers than to subject those who try to do their
duty to the constant dread of retaliation.” Imbler v Patchman 424 U.S. 409 @ 428.

Page 9 of 43
It seems the Court totally missed the point. The dread of consequences of criminal behavior on the bench to which they
speak was exactly the legislative point. The only reason they would have for dread would be when they were guilty of a
culpable violation of law & it was the precise intent of our Legislators to instill just such a dread in the courts.

How could honorable judges have a problem with being subject to the same rule of law they upon which they ruled? In a
decision relevant to legislation that was only 2 yrs. old, if the Justices had any interest in the intent of the Legislature,
asking them if they really meant "every" when they said, "every person," would have sufficed to clarify any confusion on
their part.

Since the court's job is to interpret the intent of the Legislature, a few statements of intent from the Legislature when
passing laws would do a world of good.

As it is, the Supreme Court gave the appearance their judgment was clouded by personal interest & instead of heightened
standards, they opted for no standards.

Now we have courts w/o honor that no one trusts or respects. We have truly capricious courts before whom citizens &
attorneys alike must bow & scrape if they expect to win cases. Just ask any attorney if a Judge will screw their clients in
retaliation for any slight or annoyance.

When I ask attorneys to take cases wherein I have made criminal allegations against judges & other public officials, they
all tell me the same thing:

"Are you out of your mind? I can't take your case. I have to represent clients in this county."

"What's the matter Jerry, you afraid the Judges will screw your next client to get back at you?"

"You damn right they will." (Jerry Cobb, past District Attorney for Denton County).

The Supreme Court, in rendering that horrendous ruling in Bradley v. Fisher, stated there were other avenues of
redress. From the record it appears they were referring to higher courts of appeal. They can't be serious. Could they really
consider 1 capricious court as a remedy for another? I get screwed by 1 Court then expect another to attack the
professional credibility of 1 of their professional cronies for my benefit. They can't be serious.

Surely they weren't referring to the fallacy of the ballot box. Federal judges aren't elected & local Judges are protected by
an incredible ring of secrecy. Complaints against Judges are secret & Judges aren't allowed to point out the poor record of
other judges when running against them.

This brings us to the Bar. With truly capricious courts who have set themselves outside the law, what protection do we as
citizens have?

Well, there is always the Bar. We have attorneys whose duty it is to protect our rights, regardless of what the judges think
or prefer. It is the duty of our attorney to vigorously represent us & insure all our rights are scrupulously guarded. But,
what is an attorney to do? If s/he raises a red flag & tries to take the courts to task, s/he will be committing professional
suicide.

The Bar Association is supposedly there to hold all attorneys (judges, prosecutors, & defense counsel) to the highest
standards of professional ethics; to insure all act with honor & integrity. So what happened? You can find the answer in
any book of lawyer jokes? Consider, what other profession inspires such universal distrust & derision?

Electricians, plumbers, doctors, engineers, stockbrokers, & most every other profession is held to high standards of
professional ethics by governmental agencies set up for purpose of regulating them. You don’t see books of doctor jokes
or electrician jokes. Outside oversight is a tried & true method of maintaining a relatively high degree of professionalism in
an industry. So, my question is, why not the Bar?
Page 10 of 43
The Bar, unlike every other licensed professional oversight organization, is regulated by itself. The very profession we
depend on to protect us we denied the protection of outside oversight. What attorney is going to be impartial when
critiquing a crony? Who is going to risk strict adherence when they could wind up on the other end of their stern
decisions?

In such a circumstance, what else could you expect? Do you really expect an association of attorneys to police itself,
especially when they face member judges who can ruin any one of them at the drop of a hat?

The Frog Farm Conspiracy below demonstrates how most every step from arrest to trial, as presently practiced by the
Criminal Justice System in Texas is not only wrong, but very specifically against particular law. Not only is most every step
at variance to law, it is at variance toward very specific purpose, set up & maintained by our esteemed members of the
Bar.

Judges, prosecutors, & defense counsel all benefit from the practices. High ethical & moral standards would only cost
them money, so who is there to step up & (if you will excuse the pun) risk their career by raising the bar? If not for the Bar
this would never be. But for the Bar with its peer cooperation & collaboration, we would still live in a land of law governed
with honor & dignity. But for the Bar, lawyers & courts would still be held in the high esteem our Constitutional Framers
enjoyed & intended to preserve.

THE PROBLEM WITH THE PROBLEM

I realize this may sound as though I have some axe to grind or personal a vendetta. If that were all, this would be much
easier; but such is not the case. The problem with this problem is there is no apparent demonic inspired malignant
calculus at which to point an indignant finger of righteous condemnation.

Once the Supreme Court, by their injudicious act toward self preservation managed to crack our judicial egg, a bad
outcome was inevitable. The Legislature, in its turn drove a defining wedge while acting in apparent best of faith toward
the noblest of intents, which virtually assured the system would decay to just the circumstance we now experience.

The Legislature, in its wisdom, opted for the expedient of exploiting learned counsel already in public employ & directed
prosecutors to provide legal advice to the police & lower courts. On cursory consideration this appeared an efficient
allocation of resources even though it violated a basic principal of law.

Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct

I CLIENT-LAWYER RELATIONSHIP

2. A fundamental principle recognized by paragraph (a) is that a lawyer may not represent opposing parties in
litigation. The term opposing parties as used in this Rule contemplates a situation where a judgment favorable to
1 of the parties will directly impact unfavorably upon the other party. Moreover, as a general proposition loyalty
to a client prohibits undertaking representation directly adverse to the representation of that client in a
substantially related matter unless that clients fully informed consent is obtained & unless the lawyer reasonably
believes that the lawyers representation will be reasonably protective of that clients interests. Paragraphs (b) &
(c) express that general concept.

In the real world, the prosecutor is necessarily compromise when advising the police & lower courts on matters before
which s/he will represent the State. 1 would expect a harried & overworked prosecutor to render advice that would tend to
serve the professional agenda & prosecutorial purpose & that is exactly what has happened.

13 Am Jru Proof of Facts 3d, 21

“Without having been directly authorized, tacitly encouraged, or even inadequately trained, police
officers, like other public employees, may fall into patterns of unconstitutional conduct. This
Page 11 of 43
can result from a variety of factors not sufficiently traceable in origin to any fault of “municipal policy”
in the Monell sense (Monell v Dept. of Social Services (1978) 436 US 658, & Soell v McDaniel (1987
CA4 NC) 824 F2d 1380). If these unconstitutional practices become sufficiently widespread,
however, they may assume the quality of “custom or usage” which has the force of law…”

Each impropriety I will indicate, when given cursory consideration in isolation, appear only minor adjustments toward
administrative convenience & adjudicative expediency. If that were all it were this would be much more simple.

Unfortunately, when considered in concert, they point to something much more insidious, something downright
seditious. It points to a set of practices & procedures designed & intended to put a person accused of crime in a position
such that s/he has no viable alternative to taking a perfectly reasonable sounding deal. Guilt or innocence is simply not a
relevant issue in the current system.

In spite of the righteous rhetoric & clear directive to prosecutors contained in Article 2.01 Code of Criminal Procedure
which states:

Art. 2.01. Duties of district attorneys.

Each district attorney shall represent the State in all criminal cases in the district courts of his district & in appeals
therefrom, except in cases where he has been, before his election, employed adversely. When any criminal proceeding is
had before an examining court in his district or before a judge upon habeas corpus, & he is notified of the same, & is at
the time within his district, he shall represent the State therein, unless prevented by other official duties. It shall be the
primary duty of all prosecuting attorneys, including any special prosecutors, not to convict, but to see that
justice is done. They shall not suppress facts or secrete witnesses capable of establishing the innocence of the accused.

prosecutors routinely ignore the specific mandate of law & deny citizens in their rights as a matter of course. They also
direct the police & lower courts toward complicit cooperation in the subversion of well-established principals of the due
course of the laws.

When questioned, most will readily admit things appear different than the written statutory mandates but they assure me
this is the way things are done & have been done. When I cite specific statute, they start talking about "legal fiction,"
with the implicit presumption, }"what the law says is not really what it means." Besides, this is how they have been doing
it; how they have been trained & directed to do it; & how they are going to continue to do it. It is clear, public officials trust
learned counsel in the form or prosecutors more than they trust their instincts, their personal judgment, & their ability to
read & understand what is clearly written.

When I start pointing out chapter & verse & how it all fits neatly together, their eyes start darting from side to side as if
looking for a rational way out. High School all over again; the book says 1 thing while reality demonstrates another. When
you see this same discomfort over & over it becomes clear, we are putting otherwise well-intended officials in a position to
where they have to defend a system they know is unjust. We thereby, deprive them of their dignity, their honor, & their will
to do the right thing & this is unacceptable.

On the other hand, while we put our public officials in a rather untenable position, at the end of the day, the individual
must make a decision. They can either do what they know is right & the law commands risking retribution from their
superiors, or go along to get along & in the process, become criminals themselves in the worst kind of betrayal of personal
& public trust.

We cannot assume any of the officials I will indicate to be ignorant of the laws controlling their official duties.

Take the case of a local officer who persists in enforcing a type of ordinance which the Court has held invalid as violative
of the guarantees of free speech or freedom of worship. Or a local official continues to select juries in a manner which flies
in the teeth of decisions of the Court. If those acts are done willfully, how can the officer possibly claim that he had no fair
Page 12 of 43
warning that his acts were prohibited by the statute? He violates the statute not merely b/c he has a bad purpose but
b/c he acts in defiance of announced rules of law. He who defies a [*105] decision interpreting the Constitution
knows precisely what he is doing. If sane, he hardly may be heard to say that he knew not what he did. Of course,
willful conduct cannot make definite that which is undefined. But willful violators of constitutional requirements, which have
been defined, certainly are in no position to say that they had no adequate advance notice that they would be visited with
punishment. When they act willfully in the sense in which we use the word, they act in open defiance or in reckless
disregard of a constitutional requirement which has been made specific & definite. When they are convicted for so acting,
they are not punished for violating an unknowable something. Screws v US 325 U.S. 91 1945

So, when I demonstrate how prosecutors, police, & court officials are acting in particular violation of specific law, it must
be assumed they act with culpable intent & full knowledge of the nature of their behavior.

In all of this, everything revolves around the prosecutor. Law students pass into a professional field ready to change the
world, only to be faced with the reality of life before the bar. In the real world, just adjudication is not the standard by which
success is measured; winning cases is.

While prosecutors may intently care about justice, they are faced with cases they have to win. From a professional
perspective, while guilt or innocence may be a consideration, it not a criteria. Article 2.01 Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure not withstanding, prosecutors don’t get re-elected by seeking justice; they get re-elected by getting convictions
& collecting money for the State.

Please forgive the length of this introduction, but the problem is complex, made more so b/c of an apparent lack of
malicious intent. The lengthy introduction was necessary to put in perspective the horrendous wrongs & dastardly deeds
demonstrated below perpetrated by otherwise well-meaning public officials.

It is my intent to indict the system, not personalities. Unfortunately the only path to the problem is though the people who
populate & perpetrate it. That they have been put in a difficult position is certainly a concern, but cannot become a criteria.
Failure to act from concern for personalities only serves to perpetuate the problem. Instead of taking our public officials to
legal task at the 1st infraction, we were compassionate & understanding, winking at 1st one incursion onto hallowed
constitutional grounds then another until the system became so distorted, it would no longer be recognizable by our
founders. They would roll over in their graves.

THE FROG FARM CONSPIRACY


I call what follows The Frog Farm Conspiracy in consideration of Samuel Clemens who once said:

“You can throw a frog in a pot of hot water & it will jump out. But if you put that same frog in a pot of cold water &
gradually raise the heat, it will sit there until it scalds to death.”

Texas is a frog farm & we are all the beneficiaries. Over a period of years, prosecutors, advising the police & lower courts
have directed them in practices & procedures, 1 adding to the other in a slow progression of transgression until the
system no longer resembles anything originally envisioned.

Defense counsel knows full well things are not according to Vernon's, but what are they to do. As it is, if an attorney
appointed to represent an indigent client puts on a vigorous defense, s/he will be paid about $350 (varies by
jurisdiction). If s/he gets the client to take a deal s/he gets paid, you guessed it, about $350. That is how it works in the
real world they practice in. How could you expect any attorney in his/her right professional mind to take money out of
his/her pocket & in the process incur the wrath of judges & prosecutors to protect your rights?

This is how things work in the real world you & I live in.

When a person is accused of crime, the charging officer will either write out a ticket or swear out a complaint along with a
statement of probable cause (it is common practice to use the Statement of Probable Cause as the complaint). For the
Page 13 of 43
purpose of this discussion, I will deal with those times when a person is arrested, as it covers elements not covered when
a complaint is simply presented by an officer.

When an officer arrests a person, Article 14.06 Code of Criminal Procedure directs the officer to take the person arrested
directly to the nearest magistrate:

Art. 14.06. Must take offender before magistrate.

a. Except as provided by Subsection (b), in each case enumerated in this Code, the person making the arrest shall
take the person arrested or have him taken w/o unnecessary delay before the magistrate who may have ordered
the arrest, before some magistrate of the county where the arrest was made w/o an order, or, if necessary to
provide more expeditiously to the person arrested the warnings described by Article 15.17 of this Code, before a
magistrate in a county bordering the county in which the arrest was made. The magistrate shall immediately
perform the duties described in Article 15.17 of this Code.

b. A peace officer who is charging a person, including a child, with committing an offense that is a Class C
misdemeanor, other than an offense under § 49.02, Penal Code, may, instead of taking the person before a
magistrate, issue a citation to the person that contains written notice of the time & place the person must appear
before a magistrate, the name & address of the person charged, & the offense charged.

The Supreme Court has held a police officer has the authority & duty to arrest a person when that person commits a crime
in the officer’s sight or hearing, or if the officer has knowledge of a warrant for the person’s arrest. They have further held
that while the officer has the authority to arrest, s/he has no authority to imprison.

Harris v Steele, 64 NE 875,

But the power of detaining the person so arrested, or restraining him of his liberty, in such a case is not a matter within the
discretion of the officer making the arrest. He cannot legally hold the person arrested in custody for a longer period
of time than is reasonably necessary under all of the circumstances of the case, to obtain a proper warrant or
order for his further detention from some tribunal or officer authorized under the law to issue such a warrant or
order. If the person arrested is detained or held by the officer for a longer period of time than is required, under the
circumstances w/o such warrant authority, he will have a cause of action for false imprisonment against the officer &
all others by whom he has been unlawfully detained or held.”

The police & prosecutors are quick to point out, the Courts have ruled a 24 or even 48 hour delay in bringing before a
magistrate is not necessarily an unreasonable delay. What they ignore is the ‘necessarily’ part. The courts made it clear
there shall be no set time limit & any delay must be justified by a showing of due diligence in an effort to locate a
magistrate.

As a case illustration, consider Hall v State, 52 NE2d 370:

At the time of plaintiff’s arrest, there was a duly qualified & acting justice of the peace in the town where she was
arrested. The town marshall nonetheless transported the plaintiff 25 miles to the county seat, where she was imprisoned
in the county jail for 30 minutes before release. In affirming a jury verdict for the plaintiff in her action for assault & battery,
& false imprisonment, the court held that, in light of the presence of a justice of the peace in the town where she was
arrested, her transportation & incarceration in jail in another town were not necessary.

An officer's only defense against an allegation of false imprisonment is a showing of due


diligence in an effort to locate a magistrate.

Roberts v Bohac, 574 F2d 1232, The appellate court stated:

Page 14 of 43
“Although the failure to take the plaintiff before a magistrate would have been excused if good grounds had existed for the
belief that a magistrate was not available, such was not the case since the defendant officers made no attempt to
determine whether the magistrate was or would make himself available.”

Prosecutors routinely advise police to arrest & imprison w/o concern for a magistrate. They make the argument that a
magistrate has scheduled times when s/he does examinations. Magistrates are busy people, what with all the tickets they
have to prosecute & all the revenue they have to collect for the State & local govts. However, they should all be reminded
about their primary duty as Magistrates. They were not established by our founders to collect ticket revenue. They were
put in place in order that a citizen, restricted at his/her liberty, would have access to a neutral person who could intercede
to insure all the rights of the citizen were upheld. When the Magistrate finds himself too busy to bother with this primary
duty, the Magistrate forgets himself & his duty.

In all fairness, it doesn't work this way. Prosecutors have advised police to take the accused to jail where they can better
be contained & to have the Magistrate come to the jail to do the examination. This is not what the law commands. It
commands the arresting officer to take the person arrested directly to the nearest Magistrate by the most direct route. I
have yet to talk to a Magistrate who has not indicated that they would readily hold an examination if a person was brought
to them.

Prosecutors have orchestrated the current practices, not to serve the convenience of the police & courts, but rather, to
serve the prosecutorial purpose.

Screws v State, 325 U.S. 91 to know that.

But the general rule was stated in Ellis v. United States, 206 U.S. 246, 257, as follows: "If a man intentionally
adopts certain conduct in certain circumstances known to him, & that conduct is forbidden by the law under
those circumstances, he intentionally breaks the law in the only sense in which the law ever considers intent."
And see Horning v. District of Columbia, 254 U.S. 135, 137; Nash v. United States, 229 U.S. 373, 377.

The police, by taking a person they have arrested, to jail instead of to the nearest Magistrate are breaking the law.

The case law is clear, the officer has no authority to imprison & must seek the authority to hold the individual from some
Magistrate. In order for the Magistrate to provide that authority, s/he must be presented with an evidentiary document
accusing the individual of violating a specific statute. This document is called "a criminal complaint." When a Magistrate is
presented with a criminal complaint & holds a hearing for the purpose of examining into the sufficiency of the complaint so
as to determine if sufficient grounds exist to continue to hold the individual in custody, that is defined as an examination
hearing by Article 2.10 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.

Art. 2.11. [35] [62] [63] Examining court

When the magistrate sits for the purpose of inquiring into a criminal accusation against any person, this is called
an examining court.

This is what the law clearly states, but somehow our prosecutors, police, & Magistrates have gotten things all confused.
If you talk to the police or prosecutor about this process, you will hear the term, “magistration.” My spell checker just put
a red line under that one. For some reason it doesn’t recognize the spelling; well join the club. My spell checker doesn’t
recognize it as prosecutors made it up. What they do at the morning magistration is a corrupted combination of acts
cloaked in the color of law but are in fact, a carefully crafted conspiratorial concoction intended to serve the prosecutorial
purpose. It denies due process to the accused & reduces the Magistrate from the position of honor as a neutral judge of
the sufficiency of facts & protector of the citizen’s rights to nothing more than a rubberstamp member of the prosecutorial
team helping the prosecutor perfect his/her case & assure "the deal."

Page 15 of 43
It is pretty sharp porsecutorial manuver, but sharp practice, no matter how carefully couched in fluff & bluster is still
criminal when it wreaks havoc on the due course of the laws at the expense of the police, the magistrates, & the public.

I can’t overemphasize how important a proper examination hearing is. Our founders did not want the public to fear
police. They envisioned a trust & cooperation between the police & the public who empower & employ them. To ensure
this, they put magistrates, elected from the local community, in place to stand squarely between the police officer & the
jailhouse door. It was the neutral magistrate who was to decide if a person arrested was to answer for crime or be set to
his liberty, not the arresting officer & certainly not a prosecuting attorney. MAN
This was not b/c our founders didn’t trust our police. It was about posture. If the public have the perception a police officer
can arrest at his whim & toss anyone in jail, they become a threat. You will feel subject to the individual personal passions
of the officer, consequently responding to police with hostility & distrust, & that was never intended. It was intended, if an
officer arrest you for any reason, with our w/o a warrant, s/he was to take you directly to the nearest magistrate & explain
him/herself.

Prosecutors found this administratively inconvenient, as will become clear shortly, & advised the police to ignore 14.06
Code of Criminal Procedure as well as the Supreme Court & toss the arrested person in jail, usually overnight. It would
appear this was for the administrative convenience of the Magistrate, but such is not the case. Magistrates I have talked
to assured me, they have no problem doing their jobs. They complain that police simply do not bring persons arrested to
them. They fail to do this as a matter of policy on advice of prosecutors.

The police, for their part, have no problem with taking people they arrest directly to the nearest magistrate. Most recognize
the demoralizing effect current practice has on the public & how it undermines trust. But the State has trained & directed
them otherwise & they feel bound to follow policy.

So, why would a proper examination hearing be a problem for a prosecutor?

There are 2 problems, 1st: the magistrate may actually determine there is not sufficient evidence to bind the individual
over for trial & set the accused at their liberty, in which case the prosecutor will have no opportunity to work "the deal."
At the end of the day, the prosecutor is not so interested in guilt or innocence as convictions culminating in dollar flow for
the state.

Second: if the magistrate holds a proper examination hearing, s/he will have to send a copy of the complaint to the court
of jurisdiction, & that would never do as it would start the speedy trial clock.

Art. 32.01. [576] [642] [629] Defendant in Custody & No Indictment Presented

When a defendant has been detained in custody or held to bail for his appearance to answer any criminal accusation
before the district court, the prosecution, unless otherwise ordered by the court, for good cause shown, supported by
affidavit, shall be dismissed & the bail discharged, if indictment or information be not presented against such defendant on
or before the last day of the next term of the court which is held after his commitment or admission to bail or on or before
the 180th day after the date of commitment or admission to bail, whichever date is later.

Yes I know the statute has been overturned, but not the right it defines. Only the directed verdict was found offending, not
the Constitutional underpinnings.

When a magistrate issues authority to bind a person over for trial, the citizen is restricted at their liberty, & therefore, a
prosecution commences at that point in time starting the speedy trial clock. The problem with this is that it doesn't give the
prosecutor time to work the long practiced procedures that will inevitably get him "the deal." As it takes time to ripen the
accused for the final offer, the prosecutor cannot have the speedy trial clock ticking.

Page 16 of 43
If the compliant were sent to the protection of the Clerk of the Court of jurisdiction as Article 17.30 clearly commands, the
speedy trial would start on the day of the arrest leaving the prosecutor with too little time to work “the deal.” So, rather
cognizant of that purpose or just from the constant pressure of time & ill-considered reliance on past practice,
prosecutors have advised the Magistrates to take some extraordinarily improper steps.

What justice & law requires is not difficult to understand. The courts directed the arresting officer to take the person
arrested before the nearest Magistrate so the judge could hold an examination into the sufficiency of the claim against the
accused. Often, in the heat of a moment, just & honest professional police officers can miss details or even miss-interpret
what they see or hear.

The liberty of a free citizen was taken very serious by our founders & they did not intend it to be breached lightly, so they
put a magistrate in place to measure all the evidence & weigh with an equal hand, both sides.

By directing officers to ignore the necessity of an immediate examination, prosecutors put police at jeopardy of civil &
even criminal prosecution.

Leger v Warren 57 NE 506 states:

“To afford protection to the officer or person making the arrest, the authority must be strictly pursued; & no
unreasonable delay in procuring a proper warrant for the prisoner’s detention can be excused or tolerated. Any other rule
would leave the power open to great abuse & oppression.”

That the arrest having been made w/o a warrant, it was necessary that the proper steps should be taken to prevent the
further detention of the prisoner from becoming unlawful, for unless those steps were taken, all legal protection for
such arrest ceased, & the arresting officers became wrongdoers from the beginning, liable, as such, equally with
those by whom the unlawful imprisonment was continued; that if the arresting officers chose to relay on some other
person to perform that required duty, they took upon themselves the risk of it being performed, & unless it was done in a
proper time, their liability to the person imprisoned was not lessened or affected;…

It cannot be presumed police are ignorant & fail to recognize the injustice they are directed to perform. How could
you expect an officer to act with honor & dignity when it is stripped by others to serve a separate agenda?

If that were all there were it would be bad enough, but these practices subject the officer to potential allegations of false
imprisonment, which is a crime in the State of Texas.

Not only do police become criminals, they also become subject to civil litigation. Most officers think they have immunity,
but consequent to an improper act by the magistrate in concert & collusion with the jailer & prosecutor, all are stripped of
any immunity they may have had, leaving the officer on the street subject to civil litigation for every arrest s/he makes or
has made.

As is practiced, people arrested, with or w/o a warrant, are eventually brought before a magistrate. The Magistrate must
be presented with a document accusing the person of some crime in order to have jurisdiction to determine rather or not
the person is to be held or released. When this happens, an "Examination Hearing" commences in accordance with
Article 2.11 Code of Criminal Procedure. Well, that is the idea anyway, but in Texas they do a "Magistration."

When the Magistrate convenes a hearing & accepts evidence against a citizen from the arresting officer, certain rights are
triggered & the rules of evidence apply. Calling the hearing a "Magistration," or a "PIA" does not render it right under
law. Well, in theory anyway if not in current practice.

As the citizen must, by Constitution, be presumed innocent & an arrest w/o a warrant to be improper (Dillard V Syracuse
(4th Dept) 51 App Div 2d 432, 381NYS2d913), the burden is on the arresting officer to present sufficient evidence to
overcome that presumption before a person can be further restricted in their liberty. How is it that a person, restricted at

Page 17 of 43
his liberty & brought before a Magistrate for the purpose of examining into the sufficiency of the evidence against the
accused in order for a determination of probable cause to be made & this not meet the definition of & "examination
hearing?"

What the courts & prosecutors have attempted to do here is to take practices applicable to allegations against people who
have not been restricted at their liberty & apply those procedures to people who have been restricted.

If a person has been accused of a crime, but has not been taken into custody, there is no automatic right to an
examination hearing as is written into law. However, when the person is actually arrested, all that changes & an
examination is mandatory in order to provide proper jurisdiction to the courts.

When a complaint is brought to a Magistrate & the accused has not been arrested, as a matter of fact, the accused may
yet have no knowledge of the existance of the complaint & can in no way be construed to be restricted at his or her liberty,
the Magistrate can examine into the sufficiency of the allegation on its face & an examination hearing as defined by
Chapter 16 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure need not be held. However, if the person is subsequently arrested, that
person must be brought before the nearest Magistrate so that a proper examination may be had, insuring all the rights of
the accuse are protected & upheld.

This raises a problem for prosecutors working “the deal.” When evidence is presented in court against a citizen it triggers
certain rights by Constitution which include:

The Texas Constitution -- Article 1 - BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 10 - RIGHTS OF ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury. He shall have the right to
demand the nature & cause of the accusation against him, & to have a copy thereof. He shall not be compelled to give
evidence against himself, & shall have the right of being heard by himself or counsel, or both, shall be confronted
by the witnesses against him & shall have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, except that when
the witness resides out of the State & the offense charged is a violation of any of the anti-trust laws of this State, the
defendant & the State shall have the right to produce & have the evidence admitted by deposition, under such rules &
laws as the Legislature may hereafter provide; & no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on an
indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine or imprisonment, otherwise than in the
penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, & in cases arising in the army or navy, or in the militia, when in actual service in
time of war or public danger. (Amended Nov. 5, 1918.)

Magistrations & "PIA's" do not provide these rights & protections & that is why prosecutors have make up these catchy
names. They are legal fiction. They do not exist in law.

Before the Magistrate can make a determination of probable cause, there must be an examination into the sufficiency of
the allegation.

Art. 2.11. [35] [62] [63] Examining court

When the magistrate sits for the purpose of inquiring into a criminal accusation against any person, this is called an
examining court.

An examination hearing is governed by Chapter 16 Code of Criminal Procedure. It is a whole chapter & is completely
ignored & usurped by Magistrates at the direction & advise of prosecuting attorneys.

In Texas, w/o regard to the rule of law, Magistrates have been trained & directed to completely ignore all that stuff you
read about in the Constitution & laws, & accept whatever a police officer alleges w/o question. Prosecutors have trained
Magistrates to act as assistants to his staff. Rather than perform a proper examination hearing, the Magistrate has been
Page 18 of 43
instructed to insure all the proper paperwork is in order, thereby perfecting the case for the prosecutor. The Magistrate is
also instructed not to prepare a warrant as that would clearly mark the initiation of a prosecution. So, they do this thing
they call a "Magistration."

If a proper examination were held, the prosecutor, or an assistant would have to perfect all the paperwork before
presenting it to the Magistrate & that would be so inconvenient.

The 1st specious argument that comes to mind is: prosecutors are busy & simply don’t have time to be at every
examination hearing. The problem is, the Constitution & laws demand it & if prosecutors & magistrates deny it, they run
foul of the laws they are sworn & bound to.

Citizens may not be compelled to forgo their constitutional rights b/c officials fear public hostility or desire to
save money. Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60 (1917); Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958); Watson v. City of
Memphis, 373 U.S. 526 (1963). As quoted from PALMER ET AL. v. THOMPSON, MAYOR OF THE CITY OF
JACKSON ET AL. 403 U.S. 217, 91 S. Ct. 1940, 29 L. Ed. 2d 438

We could argue that other States provide just such representation, but convenience is not the motivation here.

Other States have special assistant prosecutors appointed for the purpose of the examination hearing to assure all due
process rights are observed. They also have counsel appointed for the specific purpose of representing the accused for
the examination hearing. Remember the comedy show Night Court? While a comedy, it was dead on the Constitution.

You will hear the whining & crying about how prosecutors don't have the time or staff to be at every hearing before a
magistrate, but that is nothing but blowing smoke. It is not that prosecutors don’t want to be at the hearing, it is about “the
deal.” A proper examination hearing would ruin everything. The prosecutor can't have the accused trusting to justice,
he needs him/her terrified of the possibilities & convinced he has no reasonable alternative to the perfectly
reasonable deal the prosecutor is prepared to offer.

Prosecutors don’t care if you are guilty or innocent. Yes, I have read all the high minded rhetoric, but in the real world,
prosecutors care about conviction rate; they care about negotiating a deal in lieu of a lengthy court case. They,
therefore, direct police to put a person arrested in jail in order to soften them up. They direct magistrates to forgo their
duty in order to demonstrate the power of the prosecutor & the helplessness of the citizen before the system so they will
be inclined to take "the deal," when offered.

There are those who are habitual criminals & know the ropes. They know they can work the system & get a good
deal. But, for the most of us, we never have any experience with the law except in minor matters, mostly traffic. If one of
us gets arrested, we expect to be treated as if we are innocent until the courts have determined otherwise. With this
expectation, we are quick to assert our rights & expect them to be honored. The 1st thing the prosecutor wants to do is
quash that notion. They want our dignity taken away; they want us in that orange jail uniform after spending a night on the
drunk-tank floor having been treated like all the other riffraff, rabble, drunks & mother-rapers, before we are marched in
undignified fashion before the magistrate, deep inside the jail.

You see, the prosecutor knows what we are thinking, “When the Judge hears my side, s/he will let me go & rebuke
that no good arresting officer.”

The Judge will do part of an examination hearing. S/he will take a written statement from the arresting officer into
evidence. The problem is, the magistrate will do this ex parte, outside a proper hearing where the accused has no
opportunity to object or challenge the evidence presented against him/her.

The evidence presented is usually always in written form as the officer, if present, is not brought before the court in this
process. If the paperwork presented to the Judge is incomplete or insufficient in some way, the magistrate will return it to

Page 19 of 43
the jailer so that it can be fixed before the magistrate continues. (If you were a law student you would be screaming foul
about now, but it gets much worse.)

After the magistrate accepts & reads the evidence against all the accused, s/he will start the hearing. The Judge will read
the accused their rights, advise them they have the right to counsel (which under law they should have at this hearing), tell
them they have a right to an examination hearing (which by law this should be), then the Judge will rule the evidence
sufficient to bind the individual over for trial as a matter of course, set bail, give the records to the jailer & leave.

There are a few telling things the Magistrate will not do. The Magistrate will not provide the accused counsel or the
opportunity to secure counsel; the Magistrate will not allow the accused to be faced with his/her accuser or to confront the
witness against him/her; the Magistrate will not allow the accused to act in his/her own behalf at all; the Magistrate will not
even allow the accused to enter a plea; neither will the Magistrate make an order binding the accused to the court.
(referred to in law as a warrant).

Article 16.17 Decision of the Judge

After the examining trial has been had, the judge shall make an order committing the
defendant to the jail of the proper county, discharging him or admitting him to bail, as the law
& facts of the case may require. Failure of the judge to make or enter an order within 48 hours
after the examining trial has been completed operates as a finding of no probable cause & the
accused shall be discharged.

This is not just wrong, it is horribly wrong & it gets worse. These hearings are usually held deep in the jail, or the accused
is publicly marched before the court in their jail uniforms, often shackled. This is to let the accused know s/he is at the
mercy of the system & can forget his/her rights. Whatever their previous expectations concerning justice & due course,
they now know they are at the mercy & whim of the system. Thus, when the prosecutor finally comes along, s/he is the
epitome of professionalism & when s/he makes this most reasonable offer, what is the accused to do but take “the
deal?” Besides, the accused will have been warned, take it or spend up to a year in jail waiting for trial.

The higher the expectation of justice when the person goes up before the magistrate, the greater the devastation of the
realization it was all smoke & mirrors. It will take the wind out of your ideals in a hurry. You will feel devastated & betrayed
& want little more than a way out.

The deal works. I went through the court records. Almost 99% of all people accused of crime take the deal. It is well
established that about 4% of the people do some 90% of the crime. Those who stay in the system know the system. They
know if the prosecutor doesn’t have a really great case s/he will not want it to go to trial, so they hold out & when the
prosecutor can’t make a deal, s/he will almost always drop the case.

If you think this doesn't drive the police up the wall, just ask them.

The citizens who suffer most by this are the falsely accused, law-abiding citizens who cherish the unrealistic notion that
we live in a land of law. They discover how guilt or innocence is simply not a consideration. Those people they thought
were out there protecting them become the enemy. They find all the writing & righteous rhetoric we were exposed to in
school was a bunch of crap.

A consideration the prosecutor sometimes has is, often the innocent, at 1st, react indignantly, become angry, &
resistant. In order for the deal to work, s/he needs time for the anger through fear & anticipation to transform into
dread. Well, it takes time & time doesn’t jibe well with the notion of speedy trial, so the prosecutor needs a workaround &
have it all figured out.

There is another thing the Magistrate will not do. The magistrate will not seal all the documents had in the hearing in an
envelope, cause his name to be written across the seal & forward it to the Clerk of the Court who will try the case. The
Page 20 of 43
Magistrate, after holding the abomination called a “magistration,” will give the file to the Jailer who will forward it to the
prosecuting attorney.

I have looked in law & can find nothing directing a complaint to a prosecuting attorney, except in cases of violations of 552
Govt. Code. Complaints are directed to either "some magistrate," or the clerk of the court of jurisdiction. The only
circumstance were a complaint might be sent to a prosecuting attorney is when an official needs to secure legal advice.

Now, if an officer has reason to believe a crime has been committed & is seeking legal advice about pursuing criminal
allegations, this is probably a good idea & the prosecutor could certainly give legal advice, but this is not what
happens. The prosecutor could advise the official of the propriety of pursuit & legal positions. However, this is not what is
happening. After a person has been arrested & the arresting officer has presented a complaint to "some magistrate," a
prosecution had commenced. The prosecutor can give advice, but not take possession of the court records.

Further, under Bivens, the prosecutor is laid open for civil action if s/he is giving legal advice that amounts to an ongoing
criminal enterprise.

The problem with forwarding the records to the prosecuting attorney is 17.30 Code of Criminal Procedure:

Art. 17.30. [296] [347] [335] Shall certify proceedings

The magistrate, before whom an examination has taken place upon a criminal accusation, shall certify to all the
proceedings had before him, as well as where he discharges, holds to bail or commits, & transmit them, sealed
up, to the court before which the defendant may be tried, writing his name across the seals of the envelope. The
voluntary statement of the defendant, the testimony, bail bonds, & every other proceeding in the case, shall be
thus delivered to the clerk of the proper court, w/o delay.

This preserves all the evidence the Magistrate used in order to make the determination to bind the individual over for
trial. This also gets a cause number set so the accused can file motions & other papers in his/her defense. Also, by
forwarding the charging instrument (the complaint) to the Clerk of the Court that will try the case, jurisdiction is properly
transferred to the proper court.

The problem this causes for the prosecutor is, a prosecution commences when a magistrate is presented with a
complaint.

In fact, it has been held, long ago & recently, that the filing of a complaint accusing one of a felony offense with a
justice of the peace is the initial step in the commencement of a prosecution under Texas law. Baskins v. State,
75 Tex. Crim. 537, 171 S.W. 723, 725 (1914); Ex parte Clear, 573 S.W.2d 224, 228 (Tex.Cr.App. 1978). The above
cited by the court in Rios v State 688 S.W.2d 642

This creates a couple problems for the prosecutor:

1. He cannot legally dismiss a prosecution once it has commenced if he is unable to get


"the Deal" & doesn't want to bother with a trial;

2. The speedy trial clock starts & he doesn't have time to work the deal;

To create time, prosecutors bury those records in the prosecutors files. The complaint & statement of probable cause
used by the magistrate to provide jurisdiction will never reach the court record. Not only that, after the person has been
arrested, restricted at his/her liberty, & bound to the court, there is no record of the arrest. The accused is in a sort of legal
limbo as the Court Clerk doesn't know he has been arrested or accused of anything. He has no rights as he has been
deprived of a court where he can pursue them.

Page 21 of 43
Magistrates are being trained & directed to ignore Article 17.30 & leave the file with the jailer who may or may not keep
copies, but apparently sends a copy to the prosecuting attorney. This way there is no pesky complaint in the court record
& the prosecutor has all the time s/he wants to work “the deal.”

Our law consists of numerous interlacing checks & balances which must always be maintained in order to
preserve our constitutional form of govt..

It is apparent that our procedure, which authorizes prosecutions by information presented by the prosecuting
attorney, is bottomed upon the proposition that there must be a supporting affidavit, w/o which an information
cannot be lawfully presented. WILMA HAZEL KENNEDY v. STATE (02/09/55) 276 S.W.2d 291, 161 Tex. Crim. 303

The Court went on to say: The rule was so well established by the former court of appeals that opinions after 1891
routinely followed it w/o further explication. But there are strong public policy considerations dictating the rule.

An information is a "primary pleading in a criminal action on the part of the State," Article 27.01, V.A.C.C.P., a written
pleading in behalf of the State drawn, filed & presented by a prosecuting attorney charging an accused with an offense
that may be prosecuted under the law. Article 21.20, V.A.C.C.P. in order to "protect its citizens from the inherent
dangers arising from the concentration of power in any one individual," Kennedy v. State, 161 Tex. Crim. 303, 276
S.W.2d 291 (1955) (Opinion on Motion for Rehearing, at 664), the Legislature precluded a prosecutor from
presenting an information "until affidavit has been made by some credible person charging the defendant with an
offense," & also mandated, "The affidavit shall be filed with the information." Article 21.22, supra. Such an affidavit
is, of course, a complaint within the meaning of Article 15.04, V.A.C.C.P. "In other words, a prosecuting attorney
is not authorized to institute prosecutions in the county court upon his independent act or of his own volition."
Kennedy v. State, supra, at 294. One may not be "both the accuser & the prosecutor is misdemeanor cases." Wells v.
State, 516 S.W.2d 663, at 664 (Tex.Cr.App. 1974). Compare Glass v. State, 162 Tex. Crim. 598, 288 S.W.2d 522 (1956);
Catchings v. State, 162 Tex. Crim. 342, 285 S.W.2d 233, at 234 (1955).

Jailers will argue they must have the complaint in their records as required by the jail standards commission. Either the
State intended the Jailers keep a copy or ordered jailers to act in concert & collusion with the magistrate in clear & direct
violation of the specific mandate of particular law (Article 17.30 CCP).

In the end, I suppose it wouldn't matter who had copies of the complaint so long as the original has been properly placed
in the protection of the Clerk of the Court. Without a proper complaint in the Court record, the Court is w/o jurisdiction. If
the complaint is not sealed up & forwarded to the clerk of the court & kept in the clerk's protection, the affidavit becomes
compromise & fatally defective.

While intercepting the complaint may be a slick prosecutorial maneuver, nothing is perfect, & neither is this. There are
those necessary documents that sometimes are needed by others. Records of bonds & court appointed counsel
sometimes show up in the files. Bondsmen & attorneys often need them, so the prosecutor can’t always hide them. Also,
the information must reflect the date of offense & this gives the whole game away.

So, if you look in the criminal records of most any District Court, you will find an indictment &
the deal, sometimes a bond form or a request for court appointed counsel, but no original
complaint or statement of probable cause.

The presence of a bond or request for court appointed counsel begs the question:

“How did the magistrate make a determination of probable cause against a person who had been arrested when
no complaint has been filed against the individual? How can a person be bound to the court & restricted at their
liberty, either in jail or out on bond with restricted options, w/o someone accusing the person of a crime?

Page 22 of 43
And, how can the magistrate defend against a claim of false imprisonment for binding a citizen to the court when
there is no criminal complaint?”

The law is simple & straightforward, no complaint, no jurisdiction.

It’s a slippery slope on the way to the Frog Farm.

The magistrate, by failing to abide by Article 17.30 has violated a law relating to his/her office,

37.10 Texas Penal Code, Tampering With A Govt. Document:

a. A person commits an offense if he:

1. knowingly makes a false entry in, or false alteration of, a govt. record:

2. Makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity & with intent that it
be taken as a genuine govt. record…

3. intentionally destroys, conceals, removes, or otherwise impairs the verity, legibility, or availability of a
governmental record;

b. (Exception)

c. Except as provided in Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the actor’s
intent is to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.

thereby, entering into a criminal conspiracy with the jailer & prosecuting attorney to deny the citizen in the due course of
the laws. Normally you can’t sue a judge. As indicated earlier, judges have granted themselves immunity from civil
litigation. They left only one door open to civil remedy against a judge. The only time you can sue a judge is when the
judge is w/o any jurisdiction.

The 1st criminal act of the conspiracy is committed by the arresting officer when he, acting in
accordance with accepted polity, failed to make a due diligent effort to locate a magistrate
before tossing the accused in jail:

§ 20.02. Unlawful Restraint

(a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly restrains another person.

(b) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:

(1) the person restrained was a child younger than 14 years of age;

(2) the actor was a relative of the child; &

(3) the actor's sole intent was to assume lawful control of the child.

(c) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is:

It cannot be construed the arresting officer is ignorant as to the effect of the arrest s/he makes (see Screws v State
above), & is therefore, criminally culpable & civilly liable for the consequences.

Roberts v Bohac, 574 F2d 1232, The appellate court stated:

Page 23 of 43
“Although the failure to take the plaintiff before a magistrate would have been excused if good grounds had existed for the
belief that a magistrate was not available, such was not the case since the defendant officers made no attempt to
determine whether the magistrate was or would make himself available.”

Hall v State, 52 NE2d 370:

At the time of plaintiff’s arrest, there was a duly qualified & acting justice of the peace in the town where she was
arrested. The town marshall nonetheless transported the plaintiff 25 miles to the county seat, where she was imprisoned
in the county jail for 30 minutes before release. In affirming a jury verdict for the plaintiff in her action for assault & battery,
& false imprisonment, the court held that, in light of the presence of a justice of the peace in the town where she was
arrested, her transportation & incarceration in jail in another town were not necessary

The officers will rightfully argue they were acting on accordance with accepted policy & I would certainly agree with that.

98 ALR 2d 13, 36

Where someone other than the arresting officer is partially or wholly responsible for the unnecessary delay, questions
arise at to the liability of the arresting officer. Generally, an arresting officer is not excused from liability for an
unreasonable delay in taking an arrestee before a magistrate by reason of the fact that the officer was following a
superior's orders.

He may even believe he was acting in good faith reliance on what he considered to be competent authority.

Manos, 16 Clev-Mar L. Rev 415, 416;Note, 19Hast L.J 974, 982

Actual malice on the part of the arresting officer is not a necessary element of false imprisonment, & the arresting officers'
state of mind generally is irrelevant to the issue of whether a false imprisonment occurred. Neither the officer's good or
bad faith no his motivation in making the arrest & the detention has any bearing on the lawfulness of the detention.

The problem the officer has is ignorance. In the case of a public official acting in his official capacity, he cannot claim
ignorance any more than I could for any violation of any law. The only defense he would have is a claim that he was
insane as stipulated in Screws v. State above.

The problem is, when accepted policy conflicts with specific statute which should the officer be more concerned
with? Should he be more worried about violating policy & possibly jeopardizing his job or violating law & risking
prosecution?

The question is mute as the officer does not risk prosecution as will be demonstrates later. By ignoring law he risks
nothing as he is protected by the same conspiracy he is a part of.

By arresting & imprisoning a person in order to facilitate the improper actions of the magistrate, the officer becomes
culpable in the act the magistrate commits.

§ 20.04. Aggravated Kidnapping

(a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person with the intent to:

(1) hold him for ransom or reward;

(2) use him as a shield or hostage;

(3) facilitate the commission of a felony or the flight after the attempt or commission of a felony;

(4) inflict bodily injury on him or violate or abuse him sexually;

Page 24 of 43
(5) terrorize him or a third person; or

(6) interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function.

(b) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly abducts another person & uses or
exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense.

(c) Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a felony of the 1st degree.

(d) At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue as to whether he voluntarily released the victim in
a safe place. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a
felony of the 2nd degree.

In this case, the police officer commits false imprisonment for the purpose of the facilitation of other criminal acts
& does so while displaying a deadly weapon. Yes, I realize the officer is a certified police officer & is allowed to carry a
loaded weapon, however, he is not allowed to commit a crime while displaying that deadly weapon.

Now we get to the magistrate who was directed to seal everything in an envelope & forward it to the Clerk of the Court but
did not. By that failure, the jurisdiction of the court that would prosecute the accused never existed. Without the original
complaint giving jurisdiction from the time of arrest, in the protection of the Clerk of the Court, there is no jurisdiction & all
who participate are potentially subject to civil litigation as well as criminal prosecution. (see In Re Saywer above)

This practice is directed & condoned by prosecutors who profit by circumventing the speedy trial clock.

". . . if the pleading, on its face, shows that the offense charged is barred by limitations the complaint,
information, or indictment is so fundamentally defective that the trial court does not have jurisdiction & habeas
corpus relief should be granted." EX PARTE SCOTTIE GENE WARD (01/18/78) 560 S.W.2d 660

By the above practices, the stage is set for "the deal."

The prosecutor, when s/he gets the file from the jailer, will start working on the accused. S/he will 1st force the accused to
an arraignment hearing for the alleged purpose of taking the plea the magistrate refused to take. See how slick this
works.

Magistrates have been directed by prosecutors not to take pleas or hear any testimony from the accused that might refute
or mitigate the claims of the arresting officer, not b/c they don’t have jurisdiction & authority, as clearly they do:

Article 15.03, V.A.C.C.P., authorizes a magistrate to receive a complaint & issue a warrant of arrest, & Article 2.09,
V.A.C.C.P., provides that the justices of the peace are magistrates within the meaning of the statute. Thus, it is
beyond dispute that the justice court in the present case had the power & authority to act on the matter before it
the complaint charging appellant with rape although it had no power to determine the issues of law & fact in the
case or to render a judgment based upon such a determination. EX PARTE SCOTTIE GENE WARD (01/18/78) 560
S.W.2d 660

By directing magistrates to refuse to hear any rebuttal of evidence from the accused &, most especially a plea, the
prosecutor gets the court to compel the individual back to court for a pre-trial hearing.

Art. 28.01. [522] [587] [576] Pre-trial

Sec. 1. The court may set any criminal case for a pre-trial hearing before it is set for trial upon its merits, & direct
the defendant & his attorney, if any of record, & the State's attorney, to appear before the court at the time &
place stated in the court's order for a conference & hearing. The defendant must be present at the arraignment, &

Page 25 of 43
his presence is required during any pre-trial proceeding. The pre-trial hearing shall be to determine any of the
following matters:

(1) Arraignment of the defendant, if such be necessary; & appointment of counsel to represent the defendant, if
such be necessary;

(2) Pleadings of the defendant;

(3) Special pleas, if any;

(4) Exceptions to the form or substance of the indictment or information;

(5) Motions for continuance either by the State or defendant; provided that grounds for continuance not existing
or not known at the time may be presented & considered at any time before the defendant announces ready for
trial;

(6) Motions to suppress evidence—When a hearing on the motion to suppress evidence is granted, the court may
determine the merits of said motion on the motions themselves, or upon opposing affidavits, or upon oral
testimony, subject to the discretion of the court;

(7) Motions for change of venue by the State or the defendant; provided, however, that such motions for change
of venue, if overruled at the pre-trial hearing, may be renewed by the State or the defendant during the voir dire
examination of the jury;

(8) Discovery;

(9) Entrapment; &

(10) Motion for appointment of interpreter.

Sec. 2. When a criminal case is set for such pre-trial hearing, any such preliminary matters not raised or filed
seven days before the hearing will not thereafter be allowed to be raised or filed, except by permission of the
court for good cause shown; provided that the defendant shall have sufficient notice of such hearing to allow him
not less than 10 days in which to raise or file such preliminary matters. The record made at such pre-trial hearing,
the rulings of the court & the exceptions & objections thereto shall become a part of the trial record of the case
upon its merits.

Sec. 3. The notice mentioned in Section 2 above shall be sufficient if given in any one of the following ways:

(1) By announcement made by the court in open court in the presence of the defendant or his attorney of record;

(2) By personal service upon the defendant or his attorney of record;

(3) By mail to either the defendant or his attorney of record deposited by the clerk in the mail at least 6 days prior
to the date set for hearing. If the defendant has no attorney of record such notice shall be addressed to defendant
at the address shown on his bond, if the bond shows such an address, & if not, it may be addressed to one of the
sureties on his bond. If the envelope containing the notice is properly addressed, stamped & mailed, the state will
not be required to show that it was received.

This is the standard excuse, but I assure you, most Judges simply compel everyone accused of a crime to 1 of these
hearings rather there is any cause for it or not. Often, especially in misdemeanor cases, the Judge doesn’t even bother to
show up, as these hearings are usually not actually hearings in the legal sense. A local Justice of Peace, who happens to
be a personal friend of mine & someone I hold in the highest esteem, calls these hearings "barter sessions." Usually there
is no judge present, just the prosecutor, bailiff, & a court clerk to lend authority on the one hand & the appearance of
Page 26 of 43
judicial credence on the other. The bailiff will escort you up to the clerk who will direct you to the waiting prosecutor who
will offer you this great deal then threaten you with all the stuff he will do if you don’t take it.

Now, if you are poor or indigent & have been accused of something more serious than a class C Misdemeanor, &
arrested, you will be told that you have a right to an attorney & one will be appointed for you if you can’t afford one. You
will be told you have a right to bail, but if you exercise your right to bail, the court will not appoint you an attorney. The
Judge will tell you that since you could afford bail, they will not appoint you counsel.

Article 26.04

(l) Procedures adopted under Subsection (a) must include procedures & financial standards for determining whether a
defendant is indigent. The procedures & standards shall apply to each defendant in the county equally, regardless of
whether the defendant is in custody or has been released on bail.

(m) In determining whether a defendant is indigent, the court or the courts' designee may consider the defendant's
income, source of income, assets, property owned, outstanding obligations, necessary expenses, the number & ages of
dependents, & spousal income that is available to the defendant. The court or the courts' designee may not consider
whether the defendant has posted or is capable of posting bail, except to the extent that it reflects the
defendant's financial circumstances as measured by the considerations listed in this subsection.

Prior to the last change Article 26.04 specifically forbad a judge from refusing to appoint counsel solely b/c the defendant
“has or may secure bail.”

This puts the poor or indigent in a position of either getting out on bail & facing the court w/o counsel, or sitting
in jail until time of trial, which they are told could take up to a year. With or w/o counsel, in the end, it makes little
difference; they will take the deal.

The uninitiated guilty usually readily take the deal as the 1st thing they get is out of jail & a deferred adjudication (it doesn’t
go on their record). The catch is, they get to pay the courts a substantial portion of their salary for a very long
time. Considering the alternative, what else could a reasonable person of ordinary prudence be expected to do? The
chronic offender however recognizes this as a bargaining session & depending on how solid the case, knows s/he can
deal a bit. The innocent law abiding citizen falsely accused doesn’t have a clue or a chance.

Sometimes, the truly innocent, at this 1st hearing, become enraged & indignant & send the prosecutor packing, but that is
no problem. S/he knows this anger response by the innocent will, given time, melt into fear & desperation &, since there is
no pesky complaint hanging around, the prosecutor has plenty of time.

I know what you are thinking, "You need an attorney." Yeah, we all like to think we are protected by our defense counsel
but, not in this life. Eventually, an attorney will show up at the jail. Now the accused feels the wheels of justice are finally
turning in their favor; wrong. Your attorney will take you into a room & tell you, “Here is the deal, take it or spend up to a
year in jail waiting for trial.”

I know, most people expect their attorney to be like Perry Mason & want to ferret out every detail then put on a vigorous &
righteous defense. Not in this life s/he won’t. In this life defense counsel doesn’t profit by putting on a vigorous defense for
a poor client. In this life, if s/he puts on a vigorous defense, the courts will pay about $350.00. If the client takes a deal,
you guessed it; the courts will pay about $350.00.

All this current hub-bub about paying court appointed attorneys more to defend indigent clients will do nothing to improve
defense. It will only increase the amount the attorney can get for getting you to take a deal.

If you are truly innocent & incredibly stubborn or courageous & refuse the deal again, the prosecutor will look at your case
& exercise ‘prosecutorial discretion.’ The prosecutor is not interested in rather or not you are innocent but in rather or not

Page 27 of 43
he has enough leverage to turn up the screws. If not, the case will be dropped b/c it will cost too much to fight it, unless it
is a high profile case & it is politically expedient to put on a show as, in the end, it is not about justice, it is
political. Everything is political.

In the professional practice of prosecution, there is much more the prosecutor will do to coerce a deal from the
accused. The fact that there is no complaint recorded with the Clerk of the Court allows him ample time to hold the
accusation over the accused's head. If the accused is especially difficult, the best strategy is to simply let things lie. With a
bit of luck, the accused will get charged with something else, then the prosecutor can pull out both complaints & really turn
up the screws.

There is no need to belabor this point further other than to say that it doesn’t get better. However, after doing the math, if
the dollars don't add up to good sense, the prosecutor will simply refuse to prosecute & the case will just go into limbo
only to be dropped when the accused or their bondsman screams to high heaven.

The problem with this is, the prosecutor is forbidden to drop a case in Texas.

Art. 32.02. [577] [37,643] [37,630] Dismissal by state's attorney

The attorney representing the State may, by permission of the court, dismiss a criminal action at any time upon
filing a written statement with the papers in the case setting out his reasons for such dismissal, which shall be
incorporated in the judgment of dismissal. No case shall be dismissed w/o the consent of the presiding judge.

The language of this law is not hard to understand. Prosecutorial Discretion in Texas is specifically forbidden. This is one
reason the prosecutor makes the original complaint disappear. If he can’t get a deal & the case is not politically expedient
for the prosecutor, s/he will want to just drop it, but with a complaint at the Clerk of the Court, s/he can’t just do that. With
no complaint recorded with the court, the prosecution doesn't actually exist. Even though the accused is bound to the
court on bail, s/he has not really been charged of a crime & is sort of stuck in between. The prosecutor can simply let
them dangle as long as s/he wants or until someone raises a ruckus, then all s/he has to do is drop the case.

Generally, the guilty don't mind the wait & it puts off punishment. The problem is with the innocent who find themselves
bound to the courts & their rights at risk who suffer. When the time wears on & they complain about their right to a
speedy trial the prosecutor is very quick to let them know the speedy trial act has been overturned. What s/he
won't tell them is that only the act has been overturned, not the right, but then it is perfectly legal for prosecutors to
lie to citizens. They are even protected by the courts when they knowingly present perjured testimony to the courts.

When the prosecutor gets a deal or decides to pursue prosecution, s/he has the original affiant come in & sign a new
complaint, dated the date it is signed. This way the complaint, if requested, will reflect a current date, not the date of the
original & this starts the speedy trial clock at a much later date. The courts have held that the complaint & information can
have the same date. Prosecutors perverted that to mean they could hide or destroy the original complaint by
which the accused has been bound to the court for months, & start the prosecution all over again. The problem
with this is, it is a fraud on the court. By secreting the original complaint from the court, the prosecutors behavior has
the effect of dismissing the original prosecution that commenced when the original complaint was presented to the
magistrate & re-initiating the prosecution with the new one.

The problem is, this 2nd complaint is a fraud on the court & will be demonstrated as such by the other documents which
will necessarily appear in the court file. The bond form & request for court appointed counsel in particular as they will
reflect the date at or near the time of arrest. So, the prosecutor fails to include this incriminating document with the
information as specifically mandated by particular law & by that act deprives the court of proper jurisdiction.

This is not simply a minor adjustment toward administrative convenience or adjudicative expediency, it is the elephant in
the corner. It is major bad as it puts everyone involved in the process in criminal & civil jeopardy. It also puts the State in a

Page 28 of 43
position of having to release every person convicted under these badly flawed practices & subjects the State to suit for
actual & punitive damages.

You have to give the prosecutors credit, this is a smooth operation. Even defense counsel show up to represent their
clients & follow this ritual w/o question or objection. Being learned counsel, they know full well it is improper & at variance
with law, but since they get to shake out their deals, collect their fees & go home, no problem.

Well, 1 problem, that pesky complaint the magistrate had to look at in order to bind the person arrested over for trial, it
keeps leaving all these telltale clues. Like the indictment, it must show the date of the offense or it is fatally defective, so
the date of offense will be much different than the date of the indictment. That will reflect the date of arrest, but nothing
else in the criminal file will, except maybe a bond form or request for court appointed counsel. I am sure the prosecutor
would like these to disappear, but bondsmen & court appointed counsel would notice they are missing as they often need
them.

The irony of all this would be funny if not so serious.

That is how it works on the Frog Farm. I know what you are thinking.

“If things are so bad, why hasn’t someone done something about it?”

Now we get to the really good part. In the above I demonstrated an ongoing criminal conspiracy perpetrated by the State
of Texas against its own citizens for the purpose of converting the Criminal System into an unauthorized taxing authority
in the truest sense of a street gang.

Now I will demonstrate a 2nd conspiracy intended to protect the 1st.

When you think it got bad, it gets worse.

SEE NO EVIL

Prosecutors have 1 minor problem with the above; it is illegal. Everything is illegal. So what happens if someone starts
making waves? What if someone realizes these practices are criminal & start filing criminal complaints to correct it? In a
word, “nothing.”

A private citizen cannot file a criminal complaint against a public official in Texas. Well, that isn’t exactly true. A citizen can
file a complaint; s/he can file all the complaints s/he wants to, but it is a futile effort as they will, as a matter of course &
accepted practice, be forwarded to the prosecutor will simply trash them. That's right, s/he will trash them. Well, that may
not be right, but that is how things work down here on the Frog Farm we call Texas Criminal Justice.

Police officers by policy & accepted practice, are routinely directed to present complaints to prosecutors. If an officer has
reason to believe a crime has been committed s/he is commanded to, what? Article 2.13 Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure commands as follows:

Art. 2.13. [37] [44] [45] Duties & powers

(a) It is the duty of every peace officer to preserve the peace within the officer's jurisdiction. To effect this
purpose, the officer shall use all lawful means.

(b) The officer shall:

1) in every case authorized by the provisions of this Code, interfere w/o warrant to prevent or suppress crime;

(2) execute all lawful process issued to the officer by any magistrate or court;

Page 29 of 43
(3) give notice to some magistrate of all offenses committed within the officer's jurisdiction, where the officer has
good reason to believe there has been a violation of the penal law; &

(4) arrest offenders w/o warrant in every case where the officer is authorized by law, in order that they may be taken
before the proper magistrate or court & be tried.

(c) It is the duty of every officer to take possession of a child under Article 62.009(g).

O.K. so, when is a complaint a complaint? If a citizen comes in complaining & fills out a voluntary statement alleging facts
which amount to an accusation of a specific person violating a particular law, is that a complaint or is the citizen simply
complaining? What if the citizen presents the police officer with a verified affidavit, complete in accordance with Article
15.04 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, is that a complaint as the term is used in Article 2.13? What about when the
officer fills out a statement of probable cause & uses that statement of probable cause as grounds to arrest a citizen &
presents it to some magistrate for the purpose of giving the magistrate jurisdiction to rule on the sufficiency of arrest &
further incarceration, is that a complaint?

The courts have held that a complaint is sufficient if it clearly state that a specific person had violated a particular
crime. What about verification? When a voluntary statement is taken by a police officer is that statement considered to be
taken under oath? We know the one given to the magistrate is done so under other rather sworn to directly or not.

In all the cases illustrated below, when I mention complaints I have filed, those complaints will have been duly verified
criminal affidavits, complete in accordance with Article 15.04 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.

So, if an officer receives a complaint against someone that they did not see or hear committing a crime, are bound to
present the complaint to some magistrate or can they simply forward it to the prosecutor for legal advice. This is the
standard procedure when the officer believes he has evidence of a criminal act.

When the person in question has not been restricted at his/her liberty, this may be a perfectly proper & legal practice as
prosecutors have been directed to provide legal advice to the police & lower courts. However, when the officer has made
an arrest & the complaint must be used to provide jurisdiction to the court, can he still have the original & only complaint
forwarded to the prosecuting attorney or is s/he bound by Article 2.13?

In the case where the complaint is forwarded to the prosecutor, does the prosecutor have the authority to dismiss the
prosecution by exercising his/her discretion & if so, precisely where does the prosecutor accrue this power to render
judicial decisions? The Legislature certainly can't do it as the overturning of the Speedy Trial Act clearly demonstrates. So,
where does the prosecuting attorney get that authority?

The answer is simple, the prosecutor does not have the authority. As a matter of fact, the prosecutor has been specifically
forbidden by particular statute to dismiss a prosecution.

It is not legal, but is standard procedure.

This is not hard to understand. Nowhere in law is a complaint directed to a prosecuting attorney except 552 Govt. Code
which will never stand Constitutional muster. The only excuse for such an action is to seek legal advice from the
prosecutor. The problem is, the prosecutor does not give legal advice.

Prosecutors have criminal complaints directed to them not so they can render legal advice to the police, but so they can
exercise judicial discretion. They don’t want magistrates ruling on the sufficiency of complaints as, after all, they are
learned counsel & it is they who will have to ultimately prosecute the cause, so it is logical to have them make the
determination.

While that may be logical, it is certainly not legal. Our Constitutional Framers & subsequent Legislators knew well the
great potential for abuse when power is concentrated in a single individual so they forbad prosecutors from making those
Page 30 of 43
determinations & put neutral magistrates in place to do just that. But prosecutors found neutral intervention inconvenient &
potentially disastrous to “the deal.” They advised police & magistrates toward practices & procedures that are
horrendously illegal, but those pesky citizens have a way of interfering with the best laid plans of mice & men. They even
have the audacity to complain about it, sometimes even in writing. So, what to do? What are prosecutors to do when they
have complaints against public officials forwarded to them?

Sure, the prosecutor is going to prosecute a public official for following advice the prosecutor has given them. Not in this
life. In this life the prosecutor has commandeered the complaint & all s/he needs to do is simply throw it in the trash.

Art. 2.03. [27] [33] [34] Neglect of duty

(a) It shall be the duty of the attorney representing the State to present by information to the court having
jurisdiction, any officer for neglect or failure of any duty enjoined upon such officer, when such neglect or failure
can be presented by information, whenever it shall come to the knowledge of said attorney that there has been a
neglect or failure of duty upon the part of said officer; & he shall bring to the notice of the grand jury any act of
violation of law or neglect or failure of duty upon the part of any officer, when such violation, neglect or failure is
not presented by information, & whenever the same may come to his knowledge.

(b) It is the duty of the trial court, the attorney representing the accused, the attorney representing the state & all peace
officers to so conduct themselves as to insure a fair trial for both the state & the defendant, not impair the presumption of
innocence, & at the same time afford the public the benefits of a free press.

Under the Screws v State doctrine, it cannot be construed prosecutors are somehow unaware of the impropriety of this
practice. If they are sane, they must know exactly the legal ramifications of their actions. I assure you, they know. They
know b/c I have told them. I have crammed it down their throats with multiple & continuous complaints against them for
just these behaviors, but they are not impressed.

The more I file the more they trash. I file on the trashers for trashing & the complaints go to the very individuals I allege
against & they trash them all with absolute impunity.

We like to think the law matters. We need to believe there is some teeth in the authority of the individual to express &
exert his/her individual rights. Unfortunately, at least in Texas, it is not so.

I have filed a great number of complaints against public officials, mostly felony complaints & all dead-bang. They are
dead-bang b/c I set them up with opportunity & they have never failed to be most accommodating, all the way up to the
Attorney General (not Greg, but his predecessor General ). I have filed with or on them all & all have trashed my
complaints.

When I file a criminal complaint it is complete in accordance with Article 15.05 CCP, affirmed & verified along with an
affirmed & verified statement of probable cause. When I give them to police officers, they follow policy & give them to the
prosecuting attorney instead of following law which directs them to ‘some magistrate.’ Prosecutors then simply trash them,
exercising ‘prosecutorial discretion,’ even though it is expressly forbidden in Texas.

Art. 32.02. [577] [37,643] [37,630] Dismissal by state's attorney

The attorney representing the State may, by permission of the court, dismiss a criminal action at any time upon filing a
written statement with the papers in the case setting out his reasons for such dismissal, which shall be incorporated in the
judgment of dismissal. No case shall be dismissed w/o the consent of the presiding judge.

By failing to present the complaint to the Grand Jury along with an information, the prosecutor violates a law relating to his
office, specifically Article 2.03 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure (see above). The act has the effect of secreting the
compliant from "some magistrate," & the information & complaint from the Grand Jury.

Page 31 of 43
37.10 Texas Penal Code:

§ 37.10. Tampering With Governmental Record

(a) A person commits an offense if he:

(1) knowingly makes a false entry in, or false alteration of, a governmental record;

(2) makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity & with intent that it be
taken as a genuine governmental record;

(3) intentionally destroys, conceals, removes, or otherwise impairs the verity, legibility, or availability of a
governmental record;

(4) possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with intent that it
be used unlawfully;

(5) makes, presents, or uses a governmental record with knowledge of its falsity; or

(6) possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with knowledge
that it was obtained unlawfully.

(b) It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(3) that the governmental record is destroyed pursuant to legal
authorization or transferred under Section 441.204, Govt. Code. With regard to the destruction of a local govt. record,
legal authorization includes compliance with the provisions of Subtitle C, Title 6, Local Govt. Code.

(c)(1) Except as provided by Subdivision (2) & by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor
unless the actor's intent is to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.

(2) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the
governmental record was a public school record, report, or assessment instrument required under Chapter 39, Education
Code, or was a license, certificate, permit, seal, title, letter of patent, or similar document issued by govt., by another state,
or by the United States, unless the actor's intent is to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a felony of
the 2nd degree.

(d) An offense under this section, if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the governmental record is described by
Section 37.01(2)(D), is:

(1) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(2) or Subsection (a)(5) & the
defendant is convicted of presenting or using the record;

(2) a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed under:

(A) Subsection (a)(1), (3), (4), or (6); or

(B) Subsection (a)(2) or (5) & the defendant is convicted of making the record; &

(3) a felony of the 2nd degree, notwithstanding Subdivisions (1) & (2), if the actor's intent in committing the
offense was to defraud or harm another.

(e) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution for possession under Subsection (a)(6) that the possession occurred in the
actual discharge of official duties as a public servant.

(f) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(5) that the false entry or false information could
have no effect on the govt.'s purpose for requiring the governmental record.
Page 32 of 43
(g) A person is presumed to intend to defraud or harm another if the person acts with respect to 2 or more of the same
type of governmental records or blank governmental record forms & if each governmental record or blank governmental
record form is a license, certificate, permit, seal, title, or similar document issued by govt..

(h) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under § 32.48 or 37.13, the actor
may be prosecuted under any of those sections.

& it has the effect of dismissing a prosecution as the prosecutor is also commanded as follows:

Art. 2.04. [28] [34] [35] Shall draw complaints

Upon complaint being made before a district or county attorney that an offense has been committed in his
district or county, he shall reduce the complaint to writing & cause the same to be signed & sworn to by the
complainant, & it shall be duly attested by said attorney.

Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.

Art. 2.05. [29] [35] [36] When complaint is made

If the offense be a misdemeanor, the attorney shall forthwith prepare an information based upon such complaint
& file the same in the court having jurisdiction; provided, that in counties having no county attorney,
misdemeanor cases may be tried upon complaint alone, w/o an information, provided, however, in counties
having one or more criminal district courts an information must be filed in each misdemeanor case. If the offense
be a felony, he shall forthwith file the complaint with a magistrate of the county.

It doesn’t take a legal genius to figure this out. The Prosecutor has a clearly defined duty, by failing this duty, the
prosecutor has the effect of dismissing a prosecution in impersonation of a judicial officer in violation of 37.11 Texas
Penal Code:

§ 37.11. Impersonating Public Servant

(a) A person commits an offense if he:

(1) impersonates a public servant with intent to induce another to submit to his pretended official authority or to
rely on his pretended official acts; or

(2) knowingly purports to exercise any function of a public servant or of a public office, including that of a judge
& court, & the position or office through which he purports to exercise a function of a public servant or public
office has no lawful existence under the constitution or laws of this state or of the United States.

(b) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.

I have filed a number of these complaints in a number of counties & they trash them. When I file criminal complaints
charging prosecutors with felonies for failing to present criminal complaints against public officials to the Grand Jury, the
complaints are forwarded to the accused prosecutors who simply trash them. When I bushwhack a judge & drop the
complaints on him/her & they are sent to the Grand Jury, the prosecutor intercedes & there is never a hearing. I even had
a prosecutor in Tarrant County, Tom Bellows, (I contend) forge a letter of dismissal of 30 felony complaints against
Tarrant County Prosecutors, including some against himself.

In Wise County, the prosecutor actually gave the complaints to District Judge John Fostel, who forwarded them to
Assistant District Attorney Tim Cole in Montage County for, as the Judge personally told me, legal advice, & Tim Cole
simply trashed them. When I tried to take them directly to the Grand Jury, I was drug down the stairs by the District Court
Baliff, Dick Woods, & the investigator for the District Attorney, Mark Petterson, against whom I was attempting to file

Page 33 of 43
criminal complaints at the time, forced out the door & knocked to the ground, causing a chipped elbow which still smarts it
I touch it just right. In Denton County, I was arrested by the court baliff in order to keep me from presenting criminal
complaints to an assistant District Attorney who was there for one of those pretrial hearing. That day I got to spend the
whole day in a stinking stifling drunk tank so full of people there was no place to sit & I had to stand on my bad leg all
day.

Combat was tough, but at least I was fighting an identifiable enemy. When the enemy is all around you, when it is your
own public officials, it is far more difficult.

You might call it a Catch 22, but I call it a deliberate & ongoing criminal conspiracy perpetrated for the specific purpose of
shielding criminal wrong-doers from prosecution in violation of 38.05 Texas Penal Code:

38.05. Hindering Apprehension or Prosecution

(a) A person commits an offense if, with intent to hinder the arrest, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of
another for an offense or, with intent to hinder the arrest, detention, adjudication, or disposition of a child for engaging in
delinquent conduct that violates a penal law of the grade of felony, he:

(1) harbors or conceals the other;

(2) provides or aids in providing the other with any means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape; or

(3) warns the other of impending discovery or apprehension.

(b) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(3) that the warning was given in connection with an effort to bring
another into compliance with the law.

(c) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if
the person who is harbored, concealed, provided with a means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape, or warned
of discovery or apprehension is under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony, or is in custody or
detention for, is alleged in a petition to have engaged in, or has been adjudicated as having engaged in delinquent
conduct that violates a penal law of the grade of felony, & the person charged under this section knew that the person
they harbored, concealed, provided with a means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape, or warned of discovery or
apprehension is under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony, or is in custody or detention for, is alleged in a
petition to have engaged in, or has been adjudicated as having engaged in delinquent conduct that violates a penal law of
the grade of felony.

I further contend, this conspiracy on the part of prosecutors is perpetrated in order to facilitate the commission
of other crimes, those demonstrated above & below.

In the current condition, the legal system in Texas is out of control. You can’t sue the judges & you certainly can’t
get one prosecuted. You can't get a fair trial & you certainly can't expect to exert your rights as a sovereign
citizen.

It is a conspiracy I tell you, a low down dirty rotten sneaking conniving conspiracy. I am mad as hell & am not going to
take it any more. When I think of the chimp with the stick, banging it on the ground, I can't help but empathize with him his
frustration.

POSTURE AND POSITION

That is a pretty depressing story. What is a law abiding citizen to do in the face of such overwhelming corruption,
dishonor, & disregard? How is a simple lowly individual supposed to buck such an overwhelming system?

Page 34 of 43
Actually, it is simple, not easy maybe, but simple. First, we must remember this is a republic, not a democracy. It is a
democratic republic, but a republic 1st. In a republic the individual is sovereign, when we forget that we abdicate our
authority & responsibility. When we take it to heart, the answer is obvious.

I may appear an outrageous radical & many would like to paint me as such, but I am not. I am a father of two well grown
children, a fat papa to 3 well spoiled grandsons, a husband these last 31 yrs. & business owner for almost that long, a
voter, & a combat veteran. I stand squarely on the backbone of this proud nation, bound under my personal oath to
protect this country from all enemies, foreign & domestic.

The oath I swore a long time ago, in what now seems another life, still binds me as it is a lifetime oath. Consequent to that
oath I went half way around the world & in a stinking stifling jungle I paid heavy for my rights & freedoms. In the petulance
of my youth, toward false motives & misdirected patriotism, these hands accrued wrongful blood on them, but no
more. More tragically, others paid a far greater price than I for the rights & freedoms I now see trampled for convenience
& expedience.

These rights & freedoms I tout are mine. As a sovereign citizen I claim them as my personal property. And, as a sovereign
citizen it is my responsibility to ensure the rights in my stewardship are passed to my children intact & unfettered. To that
end, I pursue the following.

THE FIX IS IN

The solution is simple if seemingly daunting. When public officials violate laws they are as culpable as any criminal. While
judges & prosecutors have carved out a nice little set of immunities for themselves from civil litigation, there is no
immunity from criminal behavior. At least, there is no legal immunity from criminal behavior.

Therefore, the solution follows from the problem. If you have it made known to you that a person (public official
or otherwise) has violated a law, you have a civil duty to report the crime & the duty of officials receiving notice is
clear. If you report a crime & make no untrue statement & anyone takes any threatening posture toward you, you
should consider it an act of felony retaliation.

Taking my own advise, I have had it made known to me that police officers, in Texas, have been arresting citizens &
taking them directly to jail, making no effort to ascertain the availability of a magistrate for the purpose of securing
authority to continue to hold the individual. The Supreme Court has said, in such a case the arrested individual has a
cause of action for unlawful detention, which is a crime in Texas.

Further, the officer leaves the arrested person in the custody of jailer trusting the jailer to perform the duties required by
law to insure proper authority to hold & protect all the arrestee’s constitutional rights. The problem the officer has is s/he is
responsible for the actions of the jailer if the proper authority is not promptly procured. If the jailer fails in that duty, all are
culpable.

Well, sure enough, the jailer routinely fails miserably in that duty. The jailer will eventually bring the arrestee before a
magistrate who will have already helped the jailer perfect the allegations against the accused in ex parte fashion, then the
magistrate will refuse to perform a proper hearing, deny the accused in the presumption of innocence, take evidence from
the accuser while denying the accused in his/her right to rebut or enter exculpatory evidence, bind him/her over for trial &
set bail as a matter of policy & practice. The magistrate will then give the file back to the jailer who will secret it from the
Clerk of the Court of jurisdiction, thereby denying the accused the right to access to the courts & contaminating the
evidence used at the hearing.

The arresting officer, by committing the act of improper detention of the citizen for the purpose of the facilitation of a felony
becomes guilty of Aggravated Kidnapping as are all who participate in the crime.

Page 35 of 43
The potential ramifications of this criminal behavior is enormous. As, if there is no complaint in the court record, or the
complaint is fatally defective, which it must be if not sealed & put in the protection of the Clerk of the Court, the trial judge
has no jurisdiction. With no jurisdiction there is no authority to act & any act committed is treason to the Constitution, & it
gets worse.

Judges have absolute immunity from civil litigation for their acts committed on the bench, except in one
circumstance. You guessed it, when they have no jurisdiction.

So, by conspiring to deny the arrestee in his/her rights, the magistrate along with the arresting officer & jailer set up the
judge having jurisdiction in the cause to be sued personally as, no jurisdiction, no immunity, & to be prosecuted
criminally.

Rather they realize it or not, they set up themselves as well as all who participate in the above are trespassers from the
beginning.

I have looked in the court records of several counties & you probably won't believe this, but there is something glaring by
its absence. In the records, there is no complaint or if one exists, it is not the one the magistrate was directed to
forward to the clerk of the court. The ones which occasionally show up in the court records are frauds on the court. They
have been made up long after the person has been bound to the authority of the court & set to bail. They have been
drawn up by the prosecutor & signed by the original complainant & dated at a date much later than the original in order to
hide the fact that the arrestee has been illegally bound to the court. This is done in order to bypass the Constitutional
right to a speedy trial.

It is a slippery slope on the way to the Frog Farm.

On point of fact, criminal prosecutions in Texas are indeed criminal. They commit nothing less than acts in furtherance of
an ongoing criminal enterprise perpetrated & perpetuated by they State itself through training & enforcement of public
policies & practices in incredible violation of most every Constitutional right a citizen has. All this is being done in order to
extort an unauthorized tax from the public in the form of fines & fees collected in violation of the due course of the laws of
the State.

Under Texas law, a street gang is a group of people acting in concert & collusion toward on ongoing criminal
enterprise with a recognizable leadership. Texas Criminal Justice is, by this definition, a street gang.

Rulings by judges w/o jurisdiction are not voidable, they are void. Under law it is as if they never happened, so what
happens to all those people now in jail consequent to the current practice?

No jurisdiction means no immunity from personal civil suit for all who participated in the prosecution & more. If a
governmental agency collects a fine or fee in violation of the due course of the laws, that fine must be paid back, in
triplicate.

It’s a fine mess we have gotten ourselves into here on the Frog Farm, a fine mess indeed.

DUE NOTICE AS FAIR WARNING

Please don't misinterpret this as a call for aid & assistance. In point of fact, I don't need the succor & support of the
masses. It is the point of this republican form of govt. that, as a sovereign citizen, I have all the authority I need to get this
fixed. It is the point of being an American that we are individual free men & women with the power to take our govt. to task
& I intend to do just that.

This is fair warning. When the sky falls in on Texas as a result of these improper practices, none may say they did not
know as, to quote Fox Mulder, "The truth is out there."

Page 36 of 43
When I ask for the arrest of all those involved in these dastardly deeds & horrendous wrongs, none my be seen to cry
foul. The Supreme Court has held, "If a public official violates a ruling of this court & he is sane, he may not say
he knows not what he does."

I have been chasing this donkey for 15 yrs. & now I have it by the tail & do not intend to let go.

It is a common practice for governmental officials, when taken to task, to use their authority as a weapon against the
challenger. I have certainly seen that 1st hand. I have been banged up, beat up, pushed around, threatened, jailed & in all
discounted & disrespected. But they have only broken a couple of bones & dislocated a couple of others. I have only
spent a few nights in jail & as to all the threats, they are mostly fluff & bluster.

I have been considered crazy & a crackpot, a lunatic & pariah, but I am none of those. Richard Roper, head U S Attorney
in Fort Worth called me a man on a mission. Well, I suppose I am.

I am also a father of 2 well grown children, a fatpapa to three well spoiled grandsons, a husband of these last 31 years &
business owner almost that long. I am a citizen, a voter, a tax payer, & a veteran.

Long ago, in what now seems another life, I swore on my oath I would protect this country from all enemies, foreign &
domestic. At the time it was made clear it was a lifetime oath & I took it to heart. Consequent to the petulance of my youth
I went half way around the world & paid heavy for the rights & freedoms I now claim.

Because I listened w/o critique, accepted w/o challenge, & acted w/o cause these hand have wrongful blood on them, but
no more. I paid for my impetuous heavy, but in deference to those who paid much more, I now stand on my duty. I am
repeatedly warned by concerned friends, including & mostly police officers, of what could happen to me, but what threat
can my own govt. pose that does not pale into insignificance before the price I watched others pay for the rights I now
enjoy?

We recently watched our sons & daughters topple a sovereign nation, loosing many & killing more. Who could stand by &
fade from duty for petty & unfounded fear in the face of our children's demonstrated courage?

Benjamin Desraile once said: "Nothing can resist the human will that will stake its very existence on the extent of
its purpose."

I am throwing down the gauntlet. Let any who will take it up with me do so with honor & dignity. For those who would deny
my fellow Americans in their rights & freedoms take care as, to quote 1 of our Iraq liberators, "I am not kidding coming."
I am coming in the form of candidate for Wise County Sheriff.

As Sheriff I will begin to implement changes that will put an end to the problems I present. The problems with the criminal
justice system are complex & convoluted. It has taken 56 pages to get here, but the solution is as simple as the problem is
complex.

The crux of our problem is a lack of leadership.

WE NEED LEADERSHIP

The Sheriff's we have been electing have been well indoctrinated in the status quo. After yrs. operating under a system
they have to know does not follow law, they just don't have it in them to change it.

The practices I have been trying to change these last 15 yrs. have set the police at odds with the public. They have
undermined the public trust & denied police the honor & dignity they deserve. I see police becoming more & more isolated
& antagonistic & that has to stop.

Page 37 of 43
We have been waiting for our police, or defense attorneys or someone to make sure our rights are protected. Well, that
isn't going to happen. The root of the problem lies at the feet or our judges & prosecutors & they are not about to change
anything. The practices & procedures causing the police & public so much grief server the professional interest of the
courts & they are not about to change. They don’t have to change as long as they have the Sheriff subdued.

When the Sheriff refuses to enforce law relating to judges & prosecutors, they become totally immune from all
law as you cannot sue a judge or prosecutor. With no check to the balance of official abuse, they don’t have to
follow law; they can do what is convenient for them with impunity.

The police are as terrified of prosecutors & judges as everyone else. And defense counsel can be put out of business by
judges who can rule against a client on a whim or to get back at an attorney for any slight. So, do you really expect your
attorney to risk his career to protect your rights? Not in this life; not in Texas.

This fear officials have in the in absolute power of the judge to do as he pleases I assert this is a false fear as judges are,
for the most part, just & reasonable people. They tend to be the best of the best, but fear seldom knows logic, & the
imagined threat seems always more tangible than the reality.

The solution to this problem is simple. If the Sheriff simply enforces the law equally toward all, even judges &
prosecutors, the problem will go away. When the public can be assured, if any public official denies a citizen in the full
& free access to or enjoyment of any right, that is a crime in the State of Texas, even if a judge does it, & the Sheriff will
arrest the offender. As Sheriff, I will make it clear I will hold all officials to the same rule of law as citizens.

This is not about arresting judges as that will not be necessary. The problem has never been with the judges; it has been
with the irrational fear of judges. Most people in law enforcement know the law as laid down by our Constitutional Framers
is not being followed & we are all paying the price for it. On the 1 hand, remove our fear of judges refusing to follow law, &
on the other give them confidence that the judges will enforce the laws as written, & most of the problems we are having
with law enforcement will simply go away.

The permutations of the problem are far to complex to properly explain in this short statement. However, the solution is as
simple as the problem is complex; just follow law. Do as our Constitutional Framers & subsequent Legislators
commanded & intended.

Police can talk about fighting crime all they want, but if they continue alienating their most potent weapon, a trusting &
cooperative public, they will do no better than they have. When the people no longer have need to fear their public
officials, when they can with confidence cooperate & participate, the effectiveness of our law enforcement efforts will
increase dramatically.

There are a number of steps I intend to institute, but they take too much explaining to include here. On my website,
http://www.SherifWise.com you will find detailed information. There is a document I call The Frog Farm Conspiracy in
which I demonstrate with what attorneys call "specificity & particularity" what is being done wrong. In the part
titled "The Fix," I detail what I intend to do to fix it.

Don't be surprised if the solution sounds too simple & straightforward. In fact it is simple & straightforward & taken directly
from law.

BAILIFFS AS PEACE OFFICERS

Few people who have stood before a judge in this country will tell you they trust the judge. We are all only too well aware
that the judge can pretty well do as he pleases, with little or no regard to law. We know full well we are subject to the whim
& caprice of he judge so we had better watch our step. We simply don’t trust someone who can act with impunity. We
trust rule of law & forbade royalty in this country, then came judicial immunity.

Page 38 of 43
In order to insure the integrity & sanctity of the courts, as Sheriff I will call in all the bailiffs in the county & remind them
they are certified police officers & as such have a duty to keep the peace & enforce law. If, in the course of the
performance of their duties, they have it made known to them that a law has been broken, they have a duty to act in
accordance with their sworn oath & the laws of the State of Texas.

If they observer a public official, acting under the color (pretence) of any authority, denying a citizen in the full & free
access to or enjoyment of any right, they have a duty to arrest the offender as such is a violation of § 39.03 Penal Code.
It is an act of Official Oppression & is a class A misdemeanor in Texas.

If I am made known that such a thing has happened in the presence of a bailiff & the bailiff failed to perform his duty, I will
arrest that bailiff myself for violating § 38.05 Penal Code, Shielding from Prosecution.

This is not a difficult concept. Judges made themselves immune from civil suit, but even judges didn’t trust judges enough
to give them complete immunity. The Supreme Court, though willing to protect their personal assets from civil litigation,
didn't trust their fellow judges enough to give them complete immunity criminal prosecution as well. That came later. It
came b/c judges had the power to assert it rather than declare it.

What public official would dare risk angering other judges by lodging allegations against 1 of their cronies? In fact, that
fear is most likely unfounded as judges are people like everyone else & more likely to be of the highest moral
standards. But, like a tame tiger, they must be treated with ever diligent care & suspicion.

When the public can be assured their judges will be held to the same rule of law as everyone else, there will be no more
reason to fear & distrust them. If you know they must act in accordance with their oath & honor, you will be in a position to
begin to trust & respect that honor.

TAKE BEFORE MAGISTRATE

My children fear my police. The public, for the most part fear & distrust the police & it is the fault of neither. People in
positions of power & public trust have directed & advised the police & lower courts in practices & procedures which act in
clear & direct violation of law while serving the personal & professional agenda of those officials & it must stop.

It is my contention & will be my position, no police officer has the power to arrest & imprison, such was never intended by
our Founders. When I am Sheriff, no person arrested in this county will be taken to jail. When an arrest is made, the
officer will act in accordance with Article 14.06 Code of Criminal Procedure & take the person arrested directly to the
nearest magistrate & explain himself.

Quote TCCrP §14.06

This is from no lack in trust our peace officers. It is a very specific statutory requirement put in place by our Founders to
insure trust & cooperation between the pubic & the police. When a policing agent is granted the power to arrest &
imprison on their individual authority, the officer becomes a threat & people rightfully come to fear the potential personal
passion of the officer. Even when the officer acts in the best of faith in strict accordance with law & justice, people tend to
interpret their actions trough the filter of their personal fears.

Our Founders understood the nature of the human animal & in order to insure the public trust, created the position of
Magistrate. They deliberately made it a position, not an office. Magistrates are not judges, though judges can act as
magistrates along with mayors & reporters (don't ask what reporters are; it is in the law, but no one seems to know exactly
who they are). The position of Magistrate was created to act as a go-between, to stand squarely between the peace
officer & the jailhouse door.

Page 39 of 43
When any citizen is arrested for any reason, s/he is to be taken directly to the nearest magistrate by the most direct
route. The Magistrate must then examine into the sufficiency of the allegation & decide rather to bind the citizen to the
authority of the court or release that person at his/her liberty.

There is a whole chapter devoted to the examination the magistrate must perform which serves to protect the rights of the
citizen. This is not a difficult concept, so why is it not being done?

Well, the Legislature, in its wisdom, decided, since we already have learned counsel in govt. employ in the form of
prosecuting attorneys, we may as well take advantage of their knowledge toward advising the police & lower courts. That
may have seemed like a good idea at the time, but prosecutors are necessarily compromise & nationally accepted bar
standards would normally forbid such a thing.

You would expect prosecutors to be influenced by the pressures of their conflicting position & that is exactly what has
happened. Prosecutors have advised the police & lower courts toward practices & polices which serve the prosecutorial
purpose at the expense of law & the right of things.

It is all about the deal. Prosecutors have neither time or resources to vigorously prosecute every case that comes before
them. They had to do something, so they came up with "the deal." The difficulty with the deal is it takes time. Sometimes
you have people who have the gall to consider themselves innocent. For prosecutors this is a time consuming problem,
but they got that fixed.

"The Deal" has become so effective that the statistical conviction rate in Texas, according to the Criminal Justice
Oversight Counsel is virtually 100%. Everybody takes the deal. Why would everyone take the deal? They take he
deal b/c the system has been set us so that no rational person can have a reasonable alternative & it starts with
the magistrate.

Prosecutors can't effectively work the deal if Magistrates start protecting all the rights of the accused. If the
accused feels empowered before the law, if they have faith in the system, they will fight for their rights, forcing
the prosecutor to either petition the court to dismiss or put on a vigorous prosecution.

To avoid this & facilitate "the deal," prosecutors advised police they could wait 24 hrs. before seeking a
magistrate. This is simply not true. Well, I suppose it is when public officials can do as they please, but in a land
of law, this is against it.

The prosecutor wants you to go through the humiliation of the booking procedure, the fingerprints, the mug shots, & then
a night on the drunk tank floor. He then wants you be brought before a magistrate in your orange jail uniform to have the
magistrate remand you to the authority of the court w/o regard to the sufficiency of the allegations against you.

This is a humiliating & debilitating experience. I once spent the night in the Wise County Jail for driving with a headlight
out. I did & it was an eye opening experience. By the next morning my ideals weren't as important as getting out of there,
especially when the Magistrate made it clear she was not interested in anything I might have to say & all those rights I
though were protecting me were just so much high minded rhetoric.

We spend our lives living in arrogant assurance of the surety of our rights. It only takes a minor bout with the criminal
justice system to knock that naïve notion out of a person. Once you realize you are naked before the law & all this
righteous rhetoric was only that, rhetoric, you are ready for most any deal the prosecutor throws at you.

The Supreme Court held a 24 hour delay is not necessarily unreasonable considering all the circumstances;
however, there shall be no set time limit. An officer's only defense against an allegation of false imprisonment for
failure to timely take before a magistrate is a showing of due diligence in trying to locate a magistrate.

Page 40 of 43
Prosecutors lied to the police. But the police need have no fear of violating law. The prosecutor will insure they are not
taken to account for following their improper instructions as it serves the prosecutorial purpose & any complaint made will
promptly be trashed by prosecutors.

As Sheriff, I will hold all police in the county to law. If any police officer, local, county, state, or federal brings someone
they have arrested to the county jail w/o 1st securing an order from some magistrate & cannot show a due diligent effort to
locate a magistrate, I will arrest that officer myself.

Mark Autry, Justice of Peace for Precinct 4 told me, if an officer brings someone to him at 2:00 in the morning for a
hearing, there is nothing that tells him he has to hear the complaint. I agreed but assured him, if the magistrates don't
make some arrangements so that they have a magistrate available anytime, a peace officer is authorized to restrict an
citizen at his/her liberty, then he will have to tell the deputies that as they would be waking him up. And, if the judge does
or says anything that would tend to chill the officers access to them, I will arrest the judge myself.

I only mention Judge Autry as he is not only a personal friend of mine, but a man I consider to be the most honest &
forthright judge in the county.

In all fairness, after talking to several magistrates, none of then had a problem with handling this situation. The main
complaint I heard was that the police simply do not bring people to them. And the police, they indicated they have no
problem with this either, they are just following policy.

As much as I rag on the prosecutors, they really didn’t. This is something that evolved over time & the current
administration inherited what others were doing. In fact, I have talked the present prosecutors & I doubt either will have
any problem with things being done according to law.

PROPER EXAMINATIONS

When in the military, I was trained to work with nuclear weapons. With something so potentially lethal, there can simply be
no mistakes. We were continually being warned about the details. The real danger always lurked in the details. Familiarity
breeds contempt was drummed into us constantly.

Our police & courts deal with the same issues over & over & it can get old after a while. They hear, "I'm innocent; I didn't
do it; its not how it looks," until they have it coming out their ears & become somewhat insensitive. Liberty, from their
perspective looses its luster.

Liberty, we fought a revolution for it, established a nation dedicated to it, & often take it so for granted we forget to protect
it at every turn. When challenged by law enforcement, we often waive our right to it form fear or convenience. When we
hold our liberty in such low regard we refuse to fight for it, what can we expect but that our public officials would loose
respect for it.

This is not what our Founders intended. They intended out liberty be taken very serious. It was there intent that
the liberty of a free citizen be held sacred & restricted only as a last & extreme resort. It was intended, before a
person could be restricted at their liberty, certain & very definite steps be taken to insure their rights were
scrupulously protected. They went so far as to dedicate an entire chapter in the Code of Criminal Procedure to
this end.

As it stands, chapter 16 of the Code of Criminal Procedure may as well not be there as it is totally ignored by magistrates
per instructions from prosecutors. When a person is arrested, they are commanded to be brought before a magistrate for
an examination hearing, but that doesn’t happen. Instead of an examination, magistrates have been directed to perform a
magistration.

Page 41 of 43
Don't bother to look for that in law; you won't find it. It is something prosecutors made up to describe an abomination they
concocted in order to get around all those pesky rights defined in Chapter 16.

What happens is an act of distortion for the purpose of extortion. Prosecutors, regardless of their duty to seek justice, are
more interested in getting guilty pleas & go to great lengths toward that end, even to points well beyond those allowed by
law & this is one of them.

Prosecutors have advised magistrates to make no inquiry into the sufficiency of an allegation made by an arresting
officer. I am sure we have all heard the phrase, "presumption of innocence." Well, not in Texas. In Texas, a police officer
can arrest you for any reason, with or w/o cause, throw you in jail & have you hauled in front of a magistrate the next
morning who will bind you over for trial as a matter of course.

That may not be right, but it is how things work in Texas.

Don’t blame the magistrates. They are, for the most part, not attorneys, but ordinary citizens just like you & I. They are
elected from the public & act in accordance with their training & the advise prosecutors give them.

The position of magistrate was created to act as a neutral check to the balance of the policing powers. They were
intended to decide if there was sufficient reason to bind a free citizen over for trial. The problem prosecutors
have with this is it interferes with the deal. If the magistrate does a proper examination into the sufficiency of the
allegations, those w/o merit will be dismissed & the prosecutor will loose the opportunity to work "the deal."
A proper hearing also tends to bolster the citizen's confidence in a just adjudication of their cause, making it
much more difficult for the prosecutor to finagle a deal.

There is another problem. If the magistrate does a proper hearing in accordance with law, (s)he will seal all instruments
had in the hearing, cause his name to be written across the seal, & forward it to the court of jurisdiction & prosecutors
can't have that. If that happens, the speedy trial clock will start when the prosecution starts & that won't leave enough time
to work on the deal.

Prosecutors pretty well know most people arrested feel they are innocent & will react indignantly if approached too soon
with the deal. They need a little softening up 1st. A night on the drunk tank floor is a good start. Next, a hearing where the
judge finds against them as a matter of course. Most people who have never experienced the system expect hearings to
be fair. They are sure, when the judge hears their side, they will be set free.

When the judge makes it clear, he doesn't care what the accused may have to say, he is going do what he is going to do
that is all there is to that, any expectations of justice go right out the window. This is a crushing & demoralizing
experience. After that, the deal gets a lot more appealing, but prosecutors aren't ready yet.

What prosecutors do has evolved over a long time & is as sophisticated as it is illegal, but it couldn't happen if magistrates
did their jobs.

All this begs the question, "How could prosecutors get magistrates to act in such horrendous violation of clear law.

It's called sharp practice when attorneys focus on one aspect of law out of the context the rest of law. By doing that they
can make anything they want appear correct & legal.

They interpreted an inclusive statute as if it were an exclusive. They interpreted Article 15.17 to exclude all requirements
not specifically mentioned in the article. Article 15.17 came into being in order to include in the examination the warnings
required by the Miranda decision. It requires the magistrates to issue the Miranda warnings. Prior to this statute, they
only did an examination hearing.

Page 42 of 43
Instead of including Miranda warnings in the examination process, prosecutors directed magistrates to replace the
examination with the warnings. They told magistrates they no longer had to protect all the citizen's rights; all they had to
do is advise them they had the rights while systematically denying the citizen in most every one of them.

The Catch 22 here would almost be funny if not so horrendous.

The result is, there is not longer any presumption of innocence in Texas. If you are accused of crime, you will be
forced to stand & answer w/o regard to the sufficiency of the allegations, & more. The magistrate, by the current
practice, has become a member of the prosecutorial team. Instead of acting as a neutral go-between, the
magistrate perfects the case for the prosecutor.

Magistrates have been instructed that their duty to examine only referred to the completeness of the complaint as made
by the officer. You have to admit, this is a slick maneuver. The prosecutor no longer has to insure the charge is properly
made before presenting it to the judge; he gets the judge to do that for him. The magistrate will insure all the paperwork is
in order when presented, if not it will be returned to the officer so it can be corrected.

The magistrate, by this, forgoes any neutrality by helping the prosecutor prepare his case. By taking advantage of the fact
that most magistrates are not attorneys, but lay judges, prosecutors have twisted their advise so as to enlist the
magistrates to do their job for them & deny citizens in most every protection the Constitution & laws were intended to
insure.

I have talked to a number of magistrates & none have a problem with doing a proper examination. Their only concern is
that they have been instructed to do otherwise. In fact, they have acted in good faith accordance with advise from
respected authority. That the advise was horribly illegal is a condemnation of learned counsel who, even if they inherited
the practices, had a responsibility to know it was improper.

Page 43 of 43

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi