1.) State the laws for series and parallel combination of resistances.

Were these laws verified in your experiment?

Resistors connected in a series circuit will have the same amount of
current flowing throughout for each resistor. Its voltage is in ratio with
its resistance and resistance itself adds up resulting in a very low
amount of current produced. Resistors connected in a parallel circuit
will have the same amount of voltage and total current equals to the
sum of all current flowing through each resistors since current is being
distributed independently for R1, R2 and so on. Following ohms law,
the total resistance of resistors in a parallel circuit will be one over the
reciprocal sums of all resistors. Looking at the data table in the
experiment, these laws were verified with the use of a multimeter
device and through calculations.
6.) Biomedical Application: Discuss the working principle of ventricular
defibrillator.
The heart of a human body has its own internal electrical system. It controls the
rate and rhythm of its own heartbeat. With each heartbeat, an electrical signal spreads
from the top of your heart to the bottom. As the signal travels, it causes the heart to
contract and pump blood. These electrical signals originate from a group of cells called
the sinus node or SA node. As a signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bottom, it
coordinates the timing of heart cell activity. The heart's two upper chambers, the atria,
contract. This contraction pumps blood into the heart's two lower chambers, the
ventricles. The ventricles then contract and pump blood to the rest of the body. The
combined contraction of the atria and ventricles is a heartbeat. Doctors who want to treat
patients with irregular heartbeats (arryhthmias) use an ICD (abbreviation for implantable
cardioverter defibrillator). Most arryhthmias are harmless but others are not. ICD uses
electrical pulses or shocks to treat serious arrhythmias that occur in the ventricles. When
ventricular arrhythmias occur, the heart can't pump blood well. A person suffering from
that can pass out or die at any given minute. ICD has wires with electrodes on the ends
that connect to the heart chambers. It will monitor the heart rhythm. If it detected an
abnormality or irregular rhythm in the ventricles, it will use low-energy electrical pulses
to restore a normal rhythm. However of those low-energy pulses did not work, the ICD
will switch to high-energy pulses for defibrillation. The device will also switch to highenergy pulses if the ventricles instead of contracting, quivered.