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FPGA Implementation of SVPWM Control

Technique for Three Phase Induction Motor


Drive

B.E. Project Report-A


Submitted in partial fulllment of the requirements
For the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
(Electronics Engineering)
by
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)

Supervisor
Dr. Mukesh D. Patil

Department of Electronics Engineering


Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology,
Sector 7, Nerul , Navi Mumbai
(Aliated to University of Mumbai)
Oct 2014

Ramrao Adik Education Societys

Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology


(Aliated to the University of Mumbai)
Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar,Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400 706.

Certificate
This is to certify that, the project report-a titled
FPGA Implementation of SVPWM Control Technique for
Three Phase Induction Motor Drive
is a bonade work done by
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)
Chaurasiya Rohit B. (12EL2006)
and is submitted in the partial fulllment of the requirement for the
degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
(Electronics Engineering)
to the
University of Mumbai.

Examiner 1

Examiner 2

Project Coordinator

Head of Department

Supervisor

Principal

Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where
others ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and
integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsied any idea/data/fact/source
in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which
have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken
when needed.

(Signature)

(Name of student and Roll No.)

Date:

Abstract
The Space Vector Modulation technique is an important PWM generation technique for
three phase voltage source inverter for control of AC Induction, Brushless DC, Switched
Reluctance and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. Digital motor controllers requires high sampling rate in order to generate PWM signal, dead time and other computational. This dissertation work focuses on the design of low power and high performance
VHDL based SVPWM controller for three phase Induction Motor drive. The integer
realization of software part results in large number of subroutines thus utilizing large
hardware resources on FPGA board leading to more power consumption. Also due to
large code density, the computational time is more. To reduce the hardware utilization
and computational time, in this work the algorithm is implemented with proposed xed
point realization. High computationalability is oered by FPGA along with exibility
due to their parallel execution and recongurable hardware. This dissertation suggests
the implementation of a resource ecient algorithm with low computational overheads
for SVPWM generation using FPGA and obtains higher sampling rates with minimal use
of hardware resources. The simulation results for ideal SVPWM and practical SVPWM
(along with deadtime) generated signal are presented in this work. To prove the eectiveness of the proposed method, the hardware utilizations by the proposed method are
compared with integer realization of SVPWM.

Keywords:
SVPWM, VSI, FPGA, Fixed point realization, Integer realization.

iii

Contents
Abstract

iii

List of Figures

List of Tables

vi

1 Introduction
1.1 Problem Denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Scope of the Present Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Organization of Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
2
3

Bibliography

Publication

Acknowledgments

iv

List of Figures
1.1

Bode diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables

vi

Abbreviations
ASIC

Application Specic Integrated Circuit

CLB

Congurable Logic Block

FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array

HDL

Hardware description language

I/O

Inputs and Outputs

ISE

Integrated software environment

IEEE

Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers

JTAG

Joint Test Action Group

LUT

Look Up Table

PWM

Pulse Width Modulation

RTL

Register-transfer level

SVPWM

Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation

VHDL

VHISC Hardware Description Language

VHSIC

Very High Speed Integrated Circuit

XST

Xilinx Synthesis Technology

Chapter 1
Introduction
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) are used in many industrial applications such as motor
drive, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), frequency converters and active lters. The
main function of VSI is to synthesize AC output voltage and frequency from a constant
DC voltage via PWM techniques. There are various methods for the generation of PWM
diering in concept and performance on the aims like wide linear modulation range, fewer
switching losses, less total harmonic distortion (THD), easy implementation and less
computation time.
The two widely used PWM generation techniques are sinusoidal PWM technique
(SPWM) and Space Vector PWM technique (SVPWM). In SPWM, the reference modulation wave is compared with a triangular carrier wave and the interaction of sinusoidal
wave with the triangular wave denes the switching instant. With every carrier cycle, the
average output voltage becomes equal to the reference voltage [3]. In case of SVPWM,
the reference voltage space vector is realized by switching between the nearest three inverter voltage space vector, which forms the sector in which the reference vector resides.
Now the determination of each of inverter voltage space vector is realized by switching
combination of the individual inverter voltage space vector [3].
The basic block diagram for control of three phase Induction Motor using FPGA is
as shown in Figure ??.

Pulse Width Modulated variable speed drives are increasingly applied in many new
industrial applications that require superior performance. A signicant performance bandwidth is oered by SVPWM and it has proved very popular in three phase system. The
trend of using Space Vector PWM is increasing because of easier digital realization and
better dc bus utilization. The various advantage of using SVPWM which makes it superior are as follows [4].
1. The Modulation Index is higher for SVPWM as compared to SPWM.
2. The output voltage is about 15% more in case of SVPWM as compared to SPWM.
3. The current and torque harmonics produced are much less in case of SVPWM.

As shown in Figure ??, the output of FPGA block i.e SVPWM generated waveform
is given to the three phase voltage source inverter, This dissertation work focuses on the
design of this block using hardware description language (VHDL), so that the software

control can be transferred to FPGA kit.


The main motto why FPGA is used because, in general implementation of SVPWM
for many applications, the execution of algorithm needs to be done with less number
of machine cycle, which is not satised by conventional DSP. Because DSP execute the
instructions sequentially and thus requires more time to compute. Whereas eld programmable gate array (FPGA) performs the entire procedure with concurrent operation
by using parallel processing and recongurable hardware. It also provides advantages such
as rapid prototyping, simple hardware and software design and reduction of computational
overhead [1].
The software control part is implemented with proposed xed point realization instead of integer realization. It is observed that there is much more decrease in computational time, and total area on FPGA board.

1.1

Problem Definition

Analog control has problem like complexity, limited function and diculty in circuit
modication.
DSP based control in AC drives has become intensive area of research due to simple
circuitry.
But in case of DSP, PWM generation and current control loop requires high sampling
rate to achieve wide bandwidth performance.
Hence most of computational resources must be utilized for PWM gating signal
generation and execution of current control loop algorithm.
Thus only a limited time is left to control other function of drive, also if another
DSP is employed, it will require long time to develop Hardware and Software and
system is not impact.
Hence due to various problems which arises by employing DSP as discussed in section
1.1, motor control ASIC have been developed using FPGA, Xilinx 13.2 ISE/Modelsim
software is used for performing simulations, verication. Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA board
is selected for implementation.

1.2

Scope of the Present Work

The present work aims the following:


To study SVPWM control technique.
To study how SVPWM control technique can be digitally realized.
To develop software control part for generating SVPWM using proposed xed point
realization for ideal case (without deadtime).
To study the role of deadtime in VSI and how it can be be digitally realized.

To develop software control part for generating SVPWM using proposed xed point
realization with deadtime.
To focus on the eectiveness of proposed xed point realization over integer realization.

1.3

Organization of Report

The report is organized as follows:

Figure 1.1: Bode diagram.


Chapter 2 includes the literature survey, chapter 3 discusses the system design, chapter 4 deals with digital realization of whole design, chapter 5 shows the simulation results
with and without dead time, chapter 6 shows the result of the proposed design method,
chapter 7 focuses on conclusion and future work. chapter 8 shows the publication of work.

Bibliography
[1] D. N. Sonawane, M. S. Sutaone , B. N. Choudhari and Abhijeet Badurkar , FPGA
Implementation of Simplied SVPWM Algorithm for Three Phase Voltage Source
Inverter , International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol.2, No.6,
December, pp. 1793-8163, 2010.
[2] R. K. Pongiannan, N. Yadaiah , FPGA based Space Vector PWM Control IC for
Three Phase Induction Motor Drive, IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Technology, pp. 2061-2066, 2006.
[3] Mahmoud Gaballah, Mohammed El-bardini, Low cost digital signal generation for
driving space vector PWM inverter Ain Shams Engineering Journal, pp. 763-774,
2013.
[4] Bahram Rashidi, Mehran Sabahi,High Performance FPGA Based Digital Space Vector PWM Three Phase Voltage Source, I.J.Modern Education and Computer Science,
2013, 1, pp. 62-71.
[5] S. N. Singh, A. K. Singh, FPGA Based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulated Waveform
Generation for Solar (PV) Rural Home Power Inverter , Journal of Telecommunications, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 72-79, Feb. 2010.
[6] Sravan Kumar Vanaparthy, PWM Schemes For Three Phase Current Source Converters, The Faculty of the Graduate School Tennessee Technological University, December 2004.
[7] K. Vinoth Kumar, Prawin Angel Michael, Joseph P. John and Dr. S. Suresh Kumar
, Simulation And Comparision Of SPWM And SVPWM Control For Three Phase
Inverter, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.5, No.7, pp. 61-74,
July 2010.
[8] Vrinda Parkhi, Swati Shilaskar, Milind Tirmare and Milind Jog, FPGA Implementation of PWM Control Technique for Three Phase Induction Motor Drive, First
International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2008.
[9] Ying-Yu, Hau-Jean Hsu, FPGA Realization of Space-Vector PWM Control IC for
Three-Phase PWM Inverters, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 12,
No. 6, pp. 953-963, Nov. 1997.
[10] Anil Kumar Adapa, Vinod John, Digital Dead Time Logic and Protection Circuitry
for PWM Voltage Source Converters, 5th National Power Electronics Conference,
Dec. 2011 .

[11] M.N Cirstea, E. B. Patterson, D. Morley, P. G. Holmes A complete ASIC controlled


Electric Drive System, IEEE International Symposium on Circuit and Systems, Vol.
1, pp. 561-564, 1996.
[12] Rafael R. Ramos, Domingo Biel, Enric Fossas, Francesc Guinjoan A FixedFrequency Quasi-Sliding Control Algorithm-Application to Power Inverters Design
by Means of FPGA Implementation, Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 18,
No. 1, pp.344-355, 2003.
[13] Parekh Rakesh,VF control of 3-phase induction motor using space vector modulation, Microchip Technology Inc., Report (AN955), 2005.
[14] Volnei A. Pedroni, Circuit Design and Simulation with VHDL, MIT Press.
[15] http://www.xilinx.com.
[16] Xilinx, Spartan-6 Family Overview, Advance Product Specification, DS160 (v1.3),
Nov 5, 2009.
[17] Wolf Wayne, FPGA-Based System Design, Pearson Education India, 2004.

Publication
Chaurasiya Rohit B., Mukesh Patil, Divya Shah and Abhijit Kadam. FPGA Implementation of SVPWM Control Technique for Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Fixed
Point Realization. IEEE Approved (#32473) International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communication and Information Technology Applications (CSCITA-2014). April
4-5, 2014.

Acknowledgments
My rst and sincere appreciation goes to my H.O.D., Project guide and Project CoOrdinator Dr. Mukesh D. Patil for all I have learned from him and for his continuous
help and support in all stages of this dissertation. I would also like to thank him for being
an open person to ideas, and for encouraging me to shape my interest and ideas.
Finally I thanks the shapeless, formless and endless God Almighty for providing
strength all the times.

Date

Signature

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