Heat and Mass Transfer

Tutorial Sheet: 4
1. An aluminum can having a volume of about 350 cm3 contains cold drinks at 1 C.
Using a lumped capacity analysis, estimate the time required for the contents to warm
to 15 C when the can is placed in a room at 22 C with h = 5 W/m 2K. Assume cold
drinks has the same properties as water. Assume the length of the can to be 20 cm.
2. A copper sphere having a diameter of 3 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 50
C. It is suddenly exposed to an airstream of 10 C with h = 15 W/m 2K. How long
does it take the sphere temperature to drop to 25 C ?
3. The heat transfer coefficient for air flowing over a sphere is to be determined by
observing the temperature-time history of a sphere fabricated from pure copper. The
sphere, which is 12.7 mm in diameter is at 66 C before it is inserted into an airstream
having a temperature of 27 C. A thermocouple on the outer surface of the sphere
indicates 55 C at 69 s after the sphere is inserted in airstream. Assume and then
justify that the sphere behaves as a spacewise isothermal object and calculate the heat
transfer coefficient.
4. A 30 cm by 30 cm slab of copper 5 cm thick at a uniform temperature of 260 oC
suddenly has its surface temperature lowered to 35oC. Find the time at which center
temperature becomes 90oC. Assume = 8900 kg/m3; cp = 0.38 kJ/kg K; and k=370
W/m K.
5. A long 35-cm-diameter cylindrical shaft made of stainless steel 304 (k = 14.9 W/m
C, = 7900 kg/m3, Cp = 477 J/kg C, and = 3.95 x 10-6 m2/s) comes out of an oven
at a uniform temperature of 400C. The shaft is then allowed to cool slowly in a
chamber at 150 C with an average convection heat transfer coefficient of h = 60
W/m2 C. Determine the temperature at the center of the shaft 20 min after the start of
the cooling process. Also, determine the heat transfer per unit length of the shaft
during this time period.
6. A thick concrete wall having a uniform temperature of 54 C is suddenly subjected to
an airstream at 10 C. The heat transfer coefficient is 2.6 W/m2K. Calculate the
temperature in the concrete slab at a depth of 7 cm after 30 min.
7. It is well known that, although two materials are at the same temperature, one may
feel cooler to the touch that the other. Consider thick plates of copper and glass, each
at an initial temperature of 310 K. Assuming your finger to be at an initial temperature
of 310 K and to have thermophysical properties of = 1000 kg/m3, c = 4180 J/kg.K,
and k = 0.625 W/m.K, determine whether the copper or the glass will feel cooler to
the touch.
8. Citrus fruits are very susceptible to cold weather, and extended exposure to
subfreezing temperatures can destroy them. Consider an 8-cm-diameter orange that is
initially at 15C. A cold front moves in one night, and the ambient temperature
suddenly drops to -6C, with a heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m 2 C. Using the
properties of water for the orange and assuming the ambient conditions to remain
constant for 4 h before the cold front moves out, determine if any part of the orange
will freeze that night.