Java in Hindi

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Java in Hindi
Third Edition
By Prof. V.K. Sharma
2015
www.besthinditutorials.com
You can download this EBook from www.besthinditutorials.com
Java in Hindi
Third Edition
V.K. SHARMA
www.besthinditutorials.com
Copyright 2015 by www.besthinditutorials.com

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Reprint Edition: 2013
Published By: www.besthinditutorials.com
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA
1.1. History of java
1.2. Features of java
1.3. OO principles of java
1.4. Java vs. c and c++
INSTALLING JAVA
2.1. Java development tools
2.2. Downloading java
2.3. Installing java and setting environment variables
2.4. Download eclipse
2.5. Installing eclipse
FIRST JAVA PROGRAM
3.1. Running a java program
3.2. Hello world program
DATA TYPES
4.1. What are data types?
4.2. Integer
4.3. Float
4.4. Character
4.5. Boolean
VARIABLES
5.1. What are variables?
5.2. Types of variables
5.3. Creating variables
STRINGS
6.1. What are strings?
6.2. Operations on strings
ARRAYS
7.1. What are arrays?
7.2. Creating an array
7.3. Initializing an array
7.4. Displaying an array
OPERATORS
8.1. What are operators?
8.2. Types of operators
Control Statements
9.1. What are control statements?
9.2. Types of control statements
10. CLASSES
10.1. What are classes?
10.2. Advantages of classes
10.3. Creating a class
11. OBJECTS
11.1. What are Objects
11.2. Steps to create an object
12. CONSTRUCTORS
12.1. What are constructors?
12.2. Rules for creating constructors
12.3. Types of constructors
13. METHODS
13.1. What are methods?
13.2. Structure of method definition and method call
14. INHERITANCE
14.1. What is inheritance?
14.2. Types of inheritance
14.3. Inheriting a class
14.4. Example
15. Exception Handling
15.1. What are exceptions?
15.2. Keywords(try, throw, catch)
15.3. Example
16. Interfaces and packages
16.1. What are interfaces?
16.2. Example
16.3. What are packages?
16.4. Creating a package
16.5. Using a package
16.6. Some common java packages
17. Multithreading
17.1. What is multithreading?
17.2. Thread class
17.3. Runnable interface
17.4. Synchronization
18. File I/O
18.1. What are streams?
18.2. Byte streams
18.3. Character streams
19. Serialization
19.1. What is serialization?
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
19.2. Serializable interface

Collections Framework
20.1. Collection interface
20.2. Other interfaces
Lambda Expressions
21.1. What is functional interface?
21.2. What is lambda expression?
Generics
22.1. What are generics?
22.2. Generic classes
22.3. Generic methods
Applets
23.1. What are applets?
23.2. Applets life cycle methods
23.3. Example
AWT(Abstract Windows Toolkit)
24.1. What is AWT?
24.2. Container classes
24.3. Component classes
24.4. Frame class
Servlets
25.1. Architecture of servlets
25.2. Life cycle of servlets
25.3. Example
Swing
26.1. What is swing?
26.2. Features of swing
26.3. Swing classes
26.4. Example
Index
Preface
The idea of writing a book about Java Development in Hindi can be somewhat futile at times,
considering the pace at which Java continues to expand, morph and change. What started
out as a book project two years ago has now become a series of updates to the original work
with the page count nearly double the original project and that after making hard decisions
about what to leave out of the book to make sure it gets liked.
This update to Java in Hindi represents our latest effort to provide coverage on important
Java Development topics, namely the expansion into the Swing.
Like many things in life, the only constant is change, but by now we are somewhat
accustomed to the rapid-fire environment of Java Development. To the end, we have
ensured that all the programs work with eclipse as well as without eclipse.
The third edition is written by Vipin Kumar Sharma. Thank you for learning and collaborating
with us.
VIPIN KUMAR SHARMA
Acknowledgement
Writing a third edition of Java in Hindi feels somewhat like the old saying about weddings:
Something old, something new The deadline for the third edition did not become any
easier as at last count there are still only 24 hours in the day. And as for something new it
seems as though Javas pace of innovation is continuing to match its adoption rate by users
around the globe.
In particular, wed like to acknowledge and thank everyone at www.besthinditutorials.com.

Firstly I would like to thank our EBook Designers and editors, who have been involved in
every aspect of now three editions of this project. I would also like to thank our publisher to
bring this masterpiece in EBook format.
About this book

Java in Hindi, Third Edition is a revision and update of the second edition published in 2013.
This third edition adds new content related to java 8. Like its predecessors, this book covers
important beginner topics such as What is Java? and installing and using the development
environment. We than advance to practical working examples of core programming topics
any developer will be happy to have at the ready on the reference shelf. The remaining
chapters present detailed example applications covering advanced topics, including AWT
and Swing.
Although you can read the book from start to finish, you can also consider it a few books in
one. If you are new to Java focus first on beginning chapters. With the foundation you can
work your way up to last chapter.
Who should read this book?

We wrote this book for professional programmers and hobbyists alike. Many of the concepts
can absorbed without specific Java language knowledge. If you have c, c++ or c#
knowledge, you will be able to follow the examples.
Prior eclipse experience is helpful, but not required. A number of good resources are
available on java and eclipse to augment the content of this book.
And lastly the person who is willing to learn java in his mother tongue Hindi should read this
book.
Road map
1. Basic first 10 chapters contain basic information regarding java programming.
2. Intermediate next 10 chapters are somewhat of intermediate level and necessary
java topics.
3. Advanced remaining chapters covers some advanced topics of java language.
Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter covers
History of Java
Features of Java
OO Principles
Java vs. c and c++
History of Java
Java general purpose object oriented
. Sun Microsystems
. Java
U.S
develop
. Java
Java James Gosling

Java
oak
java
develop
java platform independent
execute
java 1991
. Java
. Java
java
java
Features of Java
java
java
java
1. Compiled and Interpreted

compiled
approaches combine
compile
interpreted
two
generate
instructions
generate
java
.
java
directly execute

2. Platform Independent
Java
JVM
generate
generate
execute
JVM
machines
JVM
. Java
compile
java
JVM (java virtual machine)

JVM
JVM
generate
generate
.
.
3. Object Oriented
Java true
. Java
. Java
4. Robust and Secure

Java robust
java
technologies
crash
reliable
. Java
JVM
Java
environments
invalid combinations
generate
JVM
5. Distributed
Java
distributed applications
networks
. Distributed applications
task
applications
RMI
. Java
6. Simple and Familiar

Java
. Java
c c++
java easy to
declarations, control statements, methods declarations

understand
variables
java c c++
c c++
java
familiar
java
7. Multi-threaded and interactive

Java multi-threaded
java
8. High Performance
java
.

Java performance
c c++
impressive . Java
reason
java architecture
. Java
java
9. Dynamic and Extensible

Java dynamic
. Java
dynamic
Java
java extensible
10. Ease of Development

develop
Java
. Java
.
.
Object oriented principles of java
java
. Java
principles
1. Encapsulation
Encapsulation data hiding

(variables)
. Encapsulation
.
bind
(Methods)
. Encapsulation
. Java 3
hiding
Public -
Private -
Protected -
2. Inheritance
. Java
allow
java
3. Polymorphism
Polymorphism
"
according
". Polymorphism
actions
4. Abstraction
Abstraction java
concept .
same
Java vs. c and c++

Java vs C
object oriented programming language
1.
program objects
C procedural language .
C
functions
.
interpreted compiled language
2.
language
directly
JVM
convert
4.
convert
convert
high level language
3.
C compiled language . C
C low
.
language . C language machine
.
bottom up approach
C top down approach
.
pointers
5.
pointers handle
.
memory automatically
6.
8.
error
. C overloading
error
automatic garbage collection
overloading support
7.
exception handling
.
C
Java Vs C++
1. C++ structures, unions, templates, operator overloading pointers support
2. C++
collection
3.
threads
destructors
built in support
. C++
C++
automatic garbage
threads third party
scope resolution operator(::)
resolution operators
5. C++
goto statement
6. C++
method overloading
method overloading
default arguments
arguments
support
libraries
4. C++
8. C++ compiled language
goto statement
operator overloading support
compiled
default
.
.
operator overloading
7. C++
platform independent
interpreted
Chapter 2
Installing Java
This chapter covers
Java development tools

Installing java and eclipse
Java Development Tools
JDK(Java Development Kit)

JDK
. JDK
JRE
execution
execute
JRE(Java Runtime Environment)

execution
JRE (Java Runtime Environment )
. JRE
execute
JRE 2
1.
2.
execution
JVM(Java Virtual Machine)
Machine ) environment
JRE
compile
convert
. JVM (Java Virtual
convert
Installing java and eclipse

Java
command prompt
command prompt version
java
official
editor
IDE
environment
NetBeans IDE milega
Eclipse
Java command prompt platform NetBeans IDE
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Eclipse IDE

http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-ee-developers/marsr
Chapter 3
First Java Program
This chapter covers
Running a java program

Hello world program
Running a java program
notepad
console
console
IDE use
java
1. Through IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

2. Through Console
Through IDE
IDE
IDE
IDE
Eclipse, NetBeans
IDE Java Compiler execute
.
Through Console
Console
1. Run
program
cmd
2. Command prompt
steps
command prompt
drive
install
bin folder locate
3.
enter
image
javac
4.
MyProgram.java.
prompt
.java extension
javac MyProgram.java
errors
executable file
javac command
enter

java
5.
java MyProgram.
Hello world program

simple
copy
lecturer
board
simple
notepad
java program
chapter 2
inverted commas (" ")
message
main
HelloJava
println
description
public - public access modifier . Access modifiers 3

protected)
members
(public, private,
tutorials

class -
important concept
static
HelloJava keyword
method
main
program execute
access
main -
main
System.out.println () command prompt screen
java run time environment
execution
string array command line arguments
execute
. Class
String args [] -
argument
system package , out
, println
.
Chapter 4
Data Types
This chapter covers
What are data types?

Integer
Float
Character
Boolean
What are data types?

Data, data data.
available

according
???
.
operations
operations
perform
operations
and Division)
(Addition, Subtraction ,Multiplication
perform
categories
Integer
Integers
(
4
) include
.
Byte
Example - int age = 40;
. -127
128
.
.
Short
16
32,767
-32,768
.
Example - short sal = 25,000
Int
Int
32
commonly
2,147,483,747
. Int
-2,147,483,648
Example - int population = 2,00,000,000;

Long
64
Example - Long WorldPopulation = 8,00,00,00,00,00,00;
Floating-Point Numbers
numbers
)
.
Float
3.4e+038
32
1.4e-045
.
Example - float temp=34.4;
Double
1.8e+308
Example - double pi = 3.1416;
64
4.9e-324
Character
char
16
Example - char FavLang = c;
Boolean
decision
true
false.
Example - boolean isFivemorethanOne = true;
Chapter 5
Variables
This chapter covers
What are variables?

Types of variables
Creating variables
What are variables?
information
changeable
. Variable
constant
create
. information
error generate
information
change
Information
data type
Types of Variables in Java
Java
scope
Local Variables
.
.
Global Variables
variable
variable
global variables
scope
Creating Variables
Java
create
stages
Variable Declaration
Example - int PersonAge;

Variable Initialization
Example - PersonAge = 24;
Example - int PersonAge = 24.
initialize
declare
argument
(System.in)
nextInt(), nextLine(),nextFloat
Scanner
Example -
int PersonAge; // variable declaration

Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); // Scanner class object
PersonAge = s.nextInt(); // reading from keyboard
Chapter 6
Strings
This chapter covers
What are strings?

Operations on strings
What are strings?

characters sequence
implement
compare
. String
strings objects
"I am fan of java". Java
operations
.
normal variables
object
string
Example
String variable
MyString
object
"this is a string "
string variable
methods
provide
modification
string object
generate
string object
Operations on Strings
String Length
string
length( )
string length
characters
length( ) method call
Example
String Concatenation
Example
strings
string concatenation

concat ( )
Example
charAt( ) method
method
array
Example
indexing
character extract
character extract
string
Equals( ) method
compare
false
equal
compare
argument
true
Example
indexOf( ) method
string
index
sub-string extract
sub-string
Example
substring( ) method
index end index argument

string
.
start index
start
end index
Example
Chapter 7
Arrays
This chapter covers
What are arrays?

Creating an array
Initializing an array
Displaying an array
What are arrays?
Array
syllabus
array
. Arrays programming
Array similar
need
variables
array
. Array
employees salary array
.
topic
word
programming
similar
employees
int, float, char

array
variables
size
index
BCA
access
array
array index
Arrays index
. Array
classmate
array
arrays
element
first
lecturer
array
.
.
zero
array
array
element (n -1)
array size 5
array
array index
element 22 4th
Creating an array
Java
array
type array_Name = new type[sizeofarray];

array
type array_Name new =
array
keyword
size of array -
array memory allocate

array
Example
int salary = new int[10];
array
Initializing an array
Arrays
initialize
array
particular index
Example
salary [4 ] = 10000;
array
array
Example
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in)

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
{
salary[i] = s.nextInt();
}
Displaying an array
array values
Example
System.out.println(salary[4]);
Example
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

{
System.out.println(salary[i]);

}
Multidimensional arrays
dimensions
array example
one dimensional array .
two dimensional array

array
row column
Creating two dimensional arrays

Example
int TwoDiem[ ] [ ] = new int [3] [4];
Initializing two dimensional arrays

Example
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Enter the array elements");
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
{
TwoDiem[ ][ ] = s.nextInt();
}
}
Displaying two dimensional arrays
Example
for(int i =0; i<3; i++)

{
for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
{
System.out.println(TwoDiem[i][j]);
}
}
array
. two dimensional
Chapter 8
Operators
This chapter covers
What are operators?

Types of operators
What are operators?
operators
operations perform
operations
.
2
operands
unary binary .
operand
. Unary
apply
2 operands
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Relational Operators
Assignment Operators
Conditional Operator
Types of Operators
Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic
5

Addition
Addition
a=5, b=3;
Example
c = a+b;
Subtraction
Subtraction
subtract
a =10, b=9;
Example
c = a-b;
Multiplication
multiply
a =3, b=3;
Example
c = a*b;
Division
a=10, b =2;
Example
c = a/b;
Modulus
a= 10, b=3;
Example
c = a%b;
Logical Operators
operators
operations
true
Logical AND (&&)
true
false
true
.
true
3
false.

a = true, b = flase;
Example
c = a&&b ; // c
false
Logical OR (||)
true
true
a= true, b = false;
Example
c = a&&b; // c
true
Logical NOT (!)

unary
Bitwise Operators
by
Bitwise AND (&)

2
.
Bitwise OR (|)
Left Shift (<<)
Right Shift (>>)
right
. Right

Relational Operators
2
compute
IF
Equal to (==)
true return
equal
Not equal to (!=)
equal
true return
Greater than ( >)
true return
Less than (<)

true
Greater than equal to (>=)
true return
Less than equal to (<=)
Assignment Operators
Simple Assignment (=)
left
Plus and Assignment (+)
Minus and Assignment (-=)
subtract

Multiply and Assignment (*=)
multiply
Divide and Assignment (/=)
Conditional Operator (?:)

according
Example
a = 5, b = 3;
a
c = a>b ? a : b //

Chapter 9
Control Statements
This chapter covers
What are control statements?

Types of control statements
What are control statements?
even

execution
execute
. Iteration statements
statements
. Jump
.
execution (
according
odd.
email
even
email id
email
according
. Java
execute
Types of Control Statements

Selection Statements
execute
execute
execute
false
3
IF Statement
if ( condition )
{
//
execute
execute
condition
condition
execute
Example
int a = 5, b = 3;
if ( a > b)
{
System.out.println("A is bigger than B");
}
IF Else Statement
execute
if ( condition )
{
// when condition true
}
else
false
-

{
//when condition is false
}
false
else
. If
execute
execute
condition
Example
int a = 5, b = 3;
if (a > b)
{
System.out.println("A is bigger than B");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is bigger than A");
}
Nested IF Statements
if
condition
Example
int a = 4;
if (a > 0)
{
if( a /2 == 0)
{
System.out.prinln("A is Even" );
}
}
execute
execute
Switch Statements
according execute
according
.
Example
int num = 3;
switch (num)
{
case 1 :
System.out.println("f number is 1");
break;
case 2 :
System.out.println("if number is 2");
break;
case 3 :
System.out.println("if number is 3");
break;
defalut:
System.out.println("if number does not match any
condition");
break;
}
case
example
execute
variable
execute
execute
execute
Iteration Statements
execute
iteration
execute
statement
execute
.
false
execution
execute
. Iteration
looping
For Loop
Example
for(initialization; condition; increment) ;

{
// statements
}
Initialization
initialization
Example - for(int i = 0; condition; increment);
Condition
execution
execute
?.
execute
initialized
Example - for(int i = 0; i <10; increment) ;
Increment
initialized
execute
?
Example for(int i =0; i<10; i++)

{
//
}
Example
class IterSta
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
for(int i =1; i<=10; i++)
{
System.out.println("Numbers from 1 to 10");
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}

While Loop
While
. While
initialization
initialization;
while (condition)
{
// statements
increment;
}
Example
class WhileStat
{
{
int i =1; // initialization not compulsory
while( i<=10) // condition
{
i++; // increment
}
While
. While

Do-While Loop
while
execute
execute
execute
do-while
execute
execute
execution
.
Example
class DoWhileStat
{
{
int i=0; //initialization
do
{
i++; // increment
}while(i<=10) // condition
}
}
Jump Statements
Break statement
cases
execution
execute

Example
break;
Continue statement
divide
100
iteration
iteration
iteration execute
100
Example
continue;
Return statement
Return
return
.
.
Example
return;
return
Chapter 10
Classes
This chapter covers
What are classes?

Advantages of classes
Creating a class
What are classes?
??
???
.
entity
attributes
entity
, ,
java
execution
Advantages of Classes
advantages
Security

.
Reduce Complexity
complexity
Separation
(methods)
(methods)
Purchases
Sales
Focus on Data
Creating a Class

Example
class Person
{
String Name="Vipin";
int age=24;

public static void display()
{
System.out.println("Name is "+Name+ "Age is"+age);
}

{
display();
age .
name
execution main
Main Method
execution
static
environment
execute
static
. Static
environment
Instance Variables and Methods
.
Static Variables and Methods
Command line argument
array
according
Chapter 11
Objects
This chapter covers
What are objects?

Creating objects
What are objects?
new
.
5
Steps to create an object
1.
2.
.
3.
equals (=)
4.
new
5. New
.
Example
class Person
{

String Name="Vipin";
int age=24;
public static void display()
{
System.out.println("Name is "+Name+ "Age is"+age);
}
class PersonObj
{
{
Person p1 = new Person();
p1.display();
}
}
example
execution
PersonObj
()
class
constructor
create
initialize
constructor
(= new Person (); )
? Constructor
(.)
constructor

Example
Person p1;
p1 = new Person();
objects
.
create
Example
Person p1:
initialize
reference variables
Chapter 12
Constructors
This chapter covers
What are constructors?

Rules for creating constructors
Types of constructors
What are constructors?
initialize
memory
constructor
initialize
. Constructor
Constructor
return
,
.
1. Constructor
2. Constructor
return
same
problem
Rules for Creating Constructors

Constructor
allocate
automatically
default constructor
allocate
alloacate
according
initialize
initialize
Types of Constructors
4
constructors
explain
Default Constructor
constructor
Constructor
constructor
Normal Constructor

constructor
Example
class Person
{
String Name;
int age;
Person() //Constructor
{
Name = "Vipin"
age = 24;
}
public void display()

{
System.out.println("Name is : "+Name+" Age is : "+age);
}
}
class NorCon
{
public static void main (String args[])

{
Person p1 = new Person(); // calling constructor and initializing object
p1.display();
}
}
example
automatically
constructor
Parameterized Constructor
constructors
parameters
variables
assign
Example
class Person
{
String Name;
int age;
Person(String n , int a ) // Parameterized Constructor

{
Name = n ;
age = a ;
}

{
}
}
class NorCon
{
{
Person p1 = new Person("Vipin",24 ); // calling constructor and
initializing object
p1.display();
}
}
example
initialize
create
Copy Constructor
constructor
same
constructor
argument
Example
class Person
{
String Name;
int age;
Person(String n , int a ) // Parameterized Constructor for p1 object

{
Name = n ;
age = a ;
}
Person(Person p ) // Copy Constructor for p2 object

{
Name = p.Name;
age = p.age;
}

{
}
}
class CopyCon
{
{
Person p1 = new Person("Vipin",age);
Person p2 = new Person(p1); // calling constructor copying object
p1.display();
p2.display();
}
}
same
example
.
Chapter 13
Methods
This chapter covers
What are methods?

Structure of method definition
Structure of method call
What are methods?
perform
??.
text
println() method.
separate
-
Structure of method definition

access_specifier return_type method_name (argument list)
{
// statements to be executed
}
Access specifier
public
private
static.
Return type
execution
int
return
string.
Method name
method
Argument list

variables

return
Structure of method call

If in the same class
method_Name ();
If in another class
object_Name.method_Name();
Example
class PersonsInfo
{
addition
return

Public static void Separator()// our method which separates information of persons
{
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}

{
System.out.println("Name : Depika Padukaun Age : 23");
Separator();
System.out.println("Name : Vipin
Age:24");
Separator();
System.out.println("Name : Radha Age : 23");
Separator();
System.out.println("Name : Krishn
Age:24");
}
}
Output
Name : Sita Age : 23

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name : Ram Age : 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name : Radha Age : 23
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name : Krishn Age : 24
print
method
persons

Void
Void
return type
void
Chapter 14
Inheritance
This chapter covers
What is inheritance
Types of inheritance
Inheriting a class
Example
What is inheritance?
class
class
class
code
re-usability
class
class
extend
class
extends
extend
class
Final
.
.
class
implement
super
class extend
subclass
reuse
. Inheritance
multiple inheritance
allow
class
Final
inheritance
class
class extend
Inheritance
class features
class
subclass
Types of Inheritance
Single inheritance
extend
Class A
|
extends
|
Class B
Multilevel inheritance
extend
extend
Class A
|
extends
|
Class B
|
extends
|
Class C
Hierarchical inheritance
Class A
/
extends
/
Class B
\
extends
\
Class C
extend
Inheriting a class
inherit
extend
class otherclass // class you want to inherit

{
}
class yrclass extends otherclass
{
// now you can access other class public methods and variables
}
Example from oracle.com.
public class Bicycle

{
// the Bicycle class has three fields
public int cadence;
public int gear;
public int speed;
// the Bicycle class has one constructor

public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear)
{
gear = startGear;
cadence = startCadence;
speed = startSpeed;
}
// the Bicycle class has four methods
extends

public void setCadence(int newValue)
{
cadence = newValue;
}
public void setGear(int newValue)

{
gear = newValue;
}
public void applyBrake(int decrement)

{
speed -= decrement;
}
public void speedUp(int increment)

{
speed += increment;
}
}
public class MountainBike extends Bicycle
{
// the MountainBike subclass adds one field
public int seatHeight;
// the MountainBike subclass has one constructor

public MountainBike(int startHeight,

int startCadence,
int startSpeed,
int startGear)
{
super(startCadence, startSpeed, startGear);
seatHeight = startHeight;
}
// the MountainBike subclass adds one method

public void setHeight(int newValue)
{
seatHeight = newValue;
}
}
Chapter 15
Exception Handling
This chapter covers
What are excetions

Keywords (try, throw, catch)
Steps to handle exceptions
Some common exceptions
Example
What are exceptions?

Exceptions
. Exception
error
compile
out of memory
execute
exception
execute
memory
execution
situations
error
execute
Keywords
Java
structure
keywords
easy .

Try
try
Catch
try
generate
catch
Throw
java
exceptions
exceptions
define
throw
java
Throws
method
throw
exceptions
generate
throws
exceptions
Finally
Exceptions
execute
execute

terminate
Steps to Handle Exceptions

1.
2. Try
try
catch
exception generate
exception
generate
Example
catch(ArithmeticException e)
3. Catch
4. Exception
exception
situation
execute
Some Common Exceptions
exceptions
exceptions
message
. Exceptions
java
exceptions
skill improve
exceptions
java
Arithmetic Exception
arithmetic error
divide
ArithmeticException generate
.
Class Cast Exception
sub
ClassCastException generate
Array Store Exception

array
ArrayStoreException generate
string
Array-Index-Out-Of-Bounds-Exception
array

10
11th
11
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException generate
Illegal Argument Exception
IllegalArgumentException generate
int
string
Null Pointer Exception
Java
reference null
assign
NullPointerException generate
Number Format Exception
string
number
NumberFormatException generate
null
.

Example
Chapter 16
Interfaces & Packages
This chapter covers
What are interfaces?

Example
What are packages?
Creating packages
Using packages
Some common packages
What are interfaces?

allow
. Interfaces
interfaces
Interfaces
object
create
. Method
extend
methods
interface
Interfaces
interfaces
variables static final
Interfaces
fruit

Is-a relation
interfaces
establish
Is-a
mango
Is-a
mango
fruit
Mango is a fruit.
interfaces

Interfaces
public
public
interface keyword
public
Example
public interface Fruit

{
void DisName();
}
class Mango implements Fruit

{
void DisName()
{
System.out.println("Mango Is-a Fruit");
}
}
example
Fruit
Fruit interface DisName()
Mango
example
Mango
What are packages?
???
problem
??.
error show
same
.
execute
possibility
.
problem
java
error generate
packages
same
. Packages
programmer productivity
category classes
classes interfaces categories
Java packages
error
error
same
Package
package
maintain
packages
production
sales package
related classes
production package
Java packages
classes interfaces access protection provide
class
packages classes access
access modifier
packages level protection provide
same
classes
package-private modifier apply

.
java packages

related classes
package
packages
java packages
amazing
Creating packages

Package
:
Example package newPackage;
Using packages

Example import newPackage;
package
directly
package member access
access
import packageName.className;
Example import newPackage.myClass;
Some common packages

main package
Java
Java API Package
package
packages
IO package AWT package .
packages
java
tasks
common
packages
java.language
package
java
java.util
package
vectors hash tables
java.io
package
java.AWT
package
java.net

package
.
java.applet
package
Chapter 17
Multithreading
This chapter covers
What is multithreading?
Thread class
Runnable interface
Synchronization
What is multithreading?
JAVA
JAVA
Multitasking
Multi-threading
. multi-threading
Thread
run()
Runnable
thread
run()
Thread class
Thread
Thread
run()
Thread class
Runnable Interface
JAVA

Thread t = new Thread;
thread
thread
start()
start()
t.start();

start()
public void run()

{
//
1. getName
2. getPriority
3. isAlive
4. join
5. run
6. sleep
7. start
thread
. run()
execute

Example
Thread
.
example
Thread
start() run()
Runnable interface

Runnable
Thread
start()
Runnable

argument

Example
This
.
run()
This
start()
Synchronization
2
conflict
thread
resource
technique
.
.
technique
Synchronization concept
access
conflict

synchronization
thread
monitor
synchronized
lock

threads
waiting
suspend
Java
Synchronization 2
:-
1. Synchronized method
2. Synchronized statement
Synchronized method
synchronized
execute
Synchronized
Example:
class bank
{
synchronized void withdraw(int amount)
{
}
}
Synchronized statement
class
synchronized
synchronized
synchronized
Example:
Synchronized (s1)
{
//
}
synchronize
Chapter 18
File I/O
This chapter covers
What are streams?

Byte streams
Character streams
input
console
.
enter
software
read
output
.
output
input
output
solution
file
??
read
input console
console
human
output
situation

provide
file
input
classes
output
console (command prompt)
text file
file
. Java
output
store
file
What are Streams?

Data sequence stream
streams 2
Input Stream
Input stream
input
Output Stream
Output stream
Input stream Output stream
output
byte stream character stream.
Byte Streams
Byte stream
bytes
input output
2 classes
InputStream OutputStream.
InputStream class
abstract
class
byte input stream class . FileInputStream class

methods
FileInputstream class
extend
Methods of InputStream Class
OutputStream Class
abstract
byte output stream class . FileOutputStream class

methods
FileOutputStream
extend

Methods of Output Stream class
FileInputStream Class
FileInputStream byte stream input
stream
object
call bytes
read( )
byte input
.
Example
FileOutputStream Class
FileOutputStream byte stream output
output stream
write
Example
.
write ( )

bytes
byte
example
byte stream
Character Stream
Character stream
bytes
input output
2 classes
character
. Character stream
Reader Writer .
Reader Class
Reader abstract
extend
character input stream
. FileReader Class
Methods of Reader Class
Writer Class
abstract
character output stream
FileWriter
FileWriter Class
extend
.

Methods of Writer class
FileReader Class
FileReader character stream input classes .
character input stream
create
read ( )
data read
object
Example
FileWriter Class
FileWriter character stream output class .
output stream create
Example
object
write ( )
character
data write
Chapter 19
Serialization
This chapter covers
What is serialization?
Serializable interface
What is serialization?
process serialization
store
members values file
Object
object serialize
EmployeeName
process De-serialization
serialize
object restore
byte stream
state save
object current state
??.
.
save
stages
??.
store
employee
store
object De serialize
value memory
file
load
Serializable Interface
object serialize
interface implement
objects
serialize
Serializable
serializable interface implement

Example
ObjectOutputStream Class
object file
store
FileOutputStream
ObjectOutputStream
serialize
Example
ObjectOutputStream
object
writeObject ( )
argument
object create

ObjectInputStream Class
object
ObjectInputStream
Example
memory
.
ObjectInputStream
FileInputStream Class object
object
readObject ( )

A Complete Example of Serialization
Chapter 20
This chapter covers
What are collections?

Other interfaces
What are collections?

java collections
data structures
objects
. Java
structures(set, list, queue, array )
objects
) perform
Collections framework
classes
collection
.
collection
interfaces implement
. Collections framework
data
objects organize
object
normal
extend
operations (Searching, Sorting, Insertion, Deletion
classes provide
structure
data structures collection
organize
interfaces
data structure
interfaces classes generic

.
interfaces classes
Collection Interface
collection define
Collection interface
collection interface implement
methods .
interface methods
collections
interface implement
-
methods
Collection
List Interface
ArrayList LinkedList

objects
list interface implement
objects
store
. list collection
duplicate
ArrayList Class
LinkedList Class
Set Interface
HashSet TreeSet
set interface implement
. Set collection
. Set collection
duplicate
set collection
objects

HashSet Class
collection objects
hash table
TreeSet Class
collection
objects tree form
Queue Interface
queue interface implement
PriorityQueue
First-In-First-Out form
queue collection
PriorityQueue Class
Map Interface
HashMap TreeMap class Map interface
value pair
store
. Map collection
elements unique
. Map collection
store access
.
data key
key

HashMap Class
TreeMap Class
Iterator interface
interface iterator ( ) method provide
return
collection first element index
iterator interface
iterator interface hasNext ( )

next ( )
call
collection elements
create

through
Chapter 21
Lambda Expressions
This chapter covers
What is functional interface?

What is lambda expression?
What is functional interface?

Lambda expressions
interface
interfaces
abstract
method
default abstract .
functional
. functional
Runnable
.
hello()
Welcome.
message
by
,Example:-
Example
interface Welcome
{
String hello(String name);
}
What is lambda expression?

Lambda expression
abstract
functional
. Lambda expression
conditions
execute
abstract
available
string
define
variable initialization,

return statement method argument
lambda
available
expression
return type
body
lambda
(->)
(right)
available
(left)
conditions
body
lambda
class
lambda
Lambda expressions
conditions
lambda
functional interface object
Example
Welcome wel;
String name = "Vipin";
wel = (name)-> {
System.out.println("Hello"+name);
};
lambda expression
expression
lambda
string
functional
hello()
apply
lambda
Chapter 22
Generics
This chapter covers
What are generics?

Example
What are generics?

.
addition method
data type
float
java
generics
execute
classes, interfaces constructors
method
classes, interfaces constructors

generic .
possible ???
data type
execute
readability
methods
Java
Generics
.
data type
integers
double
generic
. Java

Example
class
class
(< >) brackets
declare
declare
generic
generic
variable declaration
variable type generic
constructor
object create
generic argument
convert
generic class
argument
different
object
Chapter 23
Applets
This chapter covers
What are applets?

Applets life cycle methods
Example
What are applets?

Applet java
save
HTML
visitor
load
Java.applet.Applet
important
applets client side applications
HTML
load
.class extension
save
server
init ()
variables initialize
initialization
start()
init()
automatically

stop()
destroy()
paint()
start()
java.applet.Applet java.awt
Example
class picture extends Applet

{
public void init()
{
void setBackground(color.red);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)

{
g.drawString("Applet are for GUI",30,30);
}
}
drawString()
coordinates
show
HTML page
argument
open
java
browser
window background color
setBackground()
example
browser
open
.

<html>
<head>
<title>applet example</applet>
</head>
<applet code="picture.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</html>
java
HTML
HTML
applet
.
html
java
param.
through
2 attribute
name value.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>applet example</applet>
</head>
<applet code="picture.class" width="300" height="300">
<param name=userName value=Vipin Sharma>
</applet>
</html>
HTML
userName
class userName extends Applet

{
String username;
. Java
public void start()

{
username = getParameter("userName");
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(username,30,30);
}
}
Chapter 24
Abstract Windows Toolkit
This chapter covers
What is AWT?
Container classes
Component classes
Frame class
What is AWT?
Java
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
extended version
swing
create
calculator
AWT Swing. Swing AWT
. AWT
buttons , menus
. Graphical user interface

AWT
notepad
AWT GUI
components(button, textbox etc..)
packages classes

java
applets
. AWT
java.awt.*
. AWT
.
AWT
AWT
Container - Frame,Window,Panel,Dialog
Component - Button,Label,TextFeild,RadioButton,ScrollBar,checkbox
Container classes
Container
components
base
. Container
main
components
Window, Panel, Dialogue.
available
Frame,
Frame
add(component obj)
add()
add()
Example add(b1);
setSize(height,width)
setSize()
width
height
Example setSize(100,100);
setLayout(layoutManager Obj)
setLayout()
LayoutManager
LayoutManagers
BorderLayout GridLayout.
Layout
null
Example setLayout(null);
setVisible(true or false)
setVisible()
true
visible
.
show
open
method
false
Example setVisible(true);
Component classes
Components
TextArea
interact
controls
.
standalone
components
container
Button, TextField, ScrollBar,
.
components
methods
class represent

setBackground(color)
Example setBackground(red);
resize(height,width)
Example resize(30,30);
move(int,int)
Dimension
Example move(50,120);
setBounds(int,int,int,int)
starting
component position
Example setBounds(30,150,200,160);
Frame Class
Frame
AWT example
.
By Extending Frame Class

Example
class guiLabel extends Frame

{
guiLabel()
{
Label lb = new Label("This is AwT BeSt ExAmPlE");
setSize(200,200);
Frame
add(lb);
. Frame

setVisible(true);
}

{
guiLabel gl = new guiLabel();
}
By Creating Frame Class Object

Example
class guiButton
{
public static void main()
{
Frame f = new Frame();
Button b1 = new Button("Click it!!");
f.add(b1);
f.setTitle("Button Example");
f.setSize(200,200);
f.setVisible(true);
}
Chapter 25
Servlets
This chapter covers
What are servlets

Architecture of servlets
Life cycle of servlets
Example
What are servlets?

Servlets
. Java Servlets web applications
java
generate
request server response
submit
input
dynamically
CGI (Common Gateway Interface )

CGI
advantages
. Servlet
java servlets
advantages
Java servlets performence CGI
Servlets execute
Servlets
Servlets secure
independent
.
better .
java
Packages used by servlets

Servlets
2 packages import
javax.servlet
interfaces
java
servlets
GenericServlet
javax.servlet.http
java classes interfaces
http
Architecture of Servlets
servlets
development support
servlet
HttpServlet
Tasks of servlets
http server request
Servlets client (browser)
servlets request
processing
requested
(browser)
Life cycle of servlets

applets init ( )
Init()
Service()
servlet life cycle
important
response
Destroy() -
client request
connection
database connectivity server connection . Destroy

garbage collect
servlet
servlet
doGet() and doPost() methods

http protocol
doGet( ) method
HttpServlet
extend
doGet( )
url request
method(GET , POST ) mention
submit
doGet( )
doPost( )
html
method POST mention
request doPost( ) method
Steps to create a servlet program

servlet
import javax.servlet.*;
javax.servlet.http.*;
http servlets
GenericServlet
HttpServlet

http servlet create
request
doGet ( ) doPost ( )
generic
response

response.setContentType("text/html");
getWriter( )
PrintWriter stream
close( )
generate
html
close
Example
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet

{
private String message;
public void init() throws ServletException
{
message = "Hello World";
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<h1>" + message + "</h1>");
}
public void destroy()
}
}
life cycle methods
html

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