International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 3 Issue: 11

ISSN: 2321-8169
6123 - 6126

______________________________________________________________________________________

AMM loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna for Health Monitoring Systems

Deshdeep Gupta1

Deergha Agarwal2, Brijesh Yadav3

Electronics and Communication Department

SRMSCET, Bareilly
Bareilly, India
desh.deep09@gmail.com 1

Electronics and Communication Department

SRMSCET, Bareilly
Bareilly, India
deergha_016@yahoo.com2, brijesh1243@gmail.com3

Abstract The Ultra-wideband antennas are suitable for low power and high data rate applications for short-range communication. WBAN
utilizes human body as the transmission channel. In this paper, a transmission line based artificial magnetic material is deployed into the UWB
antenna in order to prevent interference problem with other wireless system in the vicinity. The complementary geometry of proposed AMM is
etched into the Y-shaped UWB antenna. The antenna performance is measured for Y-shaped patch with and without inclusion. The results are
presented in terms of Return Loss, VSWR, Radiation Pattern, E-Field Distribution and Radiated power. The designed antenna has application in
Body Area Networks(BAN) and Personal Area Network (PAN) for heath monitoring systems and security purpose.
Keywords- Artificial Magnetic material; Ultra-Wideband; Body Area Network; Co-Planar waveguide.

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I.
INTRODUCTION
In Modern telecommunication systems, many conventional
antennas have reached their technologically outlined limits. To
cope up with the high performance demand in the present
scenario, alternative techniques ought to be explored which
leads to further circuit integration and miniaturization.
Artificial Magnetic Materials i.e., Metamaterials are composite
human-made materials that have physical and electrical
properties not found in natural materials. Metamaterials are
realized by embedding electrically small metallic inclusions
aligned in parallel to a host dielectric medium. In the presence
of a magnetic field, an electric current is induced within the
inclusions leading to the emergence of an enhanced magnetic
response inside the medium at their resonant frequencies.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems have a large relative, or a
large absolute bandwidth, which offer specific advantages
with respect to signal robustness, information content and/or
implementation simplicity. According to FCC definition of
UWB radiation, by large absolute bandwidth, we usually
refer to systems with more than 500 MHz bandwidth. Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) released the frequency
band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for high data rate communication
in 2002. UWB systems can suppress narrowband
interferences, have high resilience to fading, and also leads to
great improvement of the accuracy of ranging and geolocation. If a single antenna can operate in ultra-wideband that
can cover multi-band applications, the necessity for multiplesingle frequency antennas is not required. With this approach,
applications requiring different frequencies can be operated
simultaneously with only one multi-band antenna, which
significantly reduces the circuit size.
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding techniques have been
widely applied in wideband antenna designs to provide stable
antenna performance across the required band. The electric
fields of dominant mode in CPW transmission lines called
even quasi-TEM mode, in the two adjacent CPW slots are
opposite to each other. Hence, CPW operating in the CPW
mode has low frequency dispersion and low radiation loss that

makes CPW
applications.

appropriate

for

Ultra-wideband

circuit

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are becoming an

increasingly important part of the wireless communications
system. In such wireless communication system various
electronic devices carried by a person on his body can be
connected through network to the person concerned as shown
in Fig.1. Wearable computing and health monitoring are
promising applications for WBANs.

Fig:1 Illustration of Body Area Network

WBANs have special features and requirements in comparison

to other existing wireless networks. The transmission power of
the network should be low, due to the close proximity to the
body,. Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a promising communication
technology for short-range communication scenarios. It is a
low-power high data rate technology which facilitates the
compatibility of such technology in WBANs.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate having
permittivity (r) = 4.4, and thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The design
of Y-shaped patch is influenced by many parameters such as
Ltaper1 and Ltaper2 depicted in Fig.2. The dimensions and
position of the etched AMMs inclusion into the Y-shaped
patch plays a vital role in designing procedure. Besides its Yshape patch, the antenna has a CPW ground plane printed on
the back side of a 1.6 mm substrate.
6123

IJRITCC | November 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org

_______________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 3 Issue: 11

ISSN: 2321-8169
6123 - 6126

______________________________________________________________________________________
The CPW feed is designed with 50 transmission line which
consists of a single strip having width of 1.5 mm is used to
feed the antenna as shown in Fig.4. The resonance frequency
does not depend on the characteristic impedance of the open
and short-ended stubs. This property gives us more design
flexibility in choosing the width of the center stubs and the
spacing between the finite grounds and the stubs. Therefore,
these dimensions can be decreased to provide additional
compactness, as long as they meet the fabrication limits.
The resonance and dispersive behaviors in AMMs are entirely
determined by the geometry and the size of the inclusions. We
can independently tune the values of the distributed passive
elements by changing the length of the inner stubs. The AMM
has only one controlling dimension to tune the resonance
frequency i.e. the length of Open-ended stub and short-ended
stub.

The resonance frequency (2) of the proposed geometry can be

defined as:
(2)
where 0, is the resonance frequency of the inclusion. The
resonance frequency of the proposed AMM is lower than the
resonance frequency of a similar-size conventional square split
resonator. Hence, a significant reduction in the size of the
proposed AMM is achieved as compared to a conventional
square SRR having the same resonance frequency
S.No.

Parameter

Value (mm)

1.

Length of substrate (l)

23.5

2.

Width of substrate

25

3.

L1

12.8

of the distributed passive elements by changing the length of

the inner stubs. The AMM has only one controlling dimension
to tune the resonance frequency i.e. the length of Open-ended
stub and short-ended stub.

4.

L2

2.5

5.

L3

23.5

6.

Ltaper1

1.05

This length is approximated by formula (1) :

7.

Ltaper2

1.55

8.

Width of CPW strip

1.5

9.

Length of AMM

(1)

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The design proposed here is modeled in HFSS 14.0 licensed
version which is a FEM (Finite Element Method) based
simulator. It is used to calculate various Electromagnetic

Fig:2 Y-Shaped Antenna without etched AMM Inclusion

Fig:5 Return loss with / without etched AMM inclusion

behavior of the structure such as basic EM field quantities,

S- parameters, resonance of the structure, etc.

Fig:3 Y-Shaped Antenna with etched AMM Inclusion

The return loss v/s frequency graph for proposed antenna is

plotted for designs with and without AMM inclusion as shown
in Fig.5. Dual band nature is observed at 5GHz and 5.9GHz
and antenna is having UWB characteristics in the band
4.6 - 6.14 GHz.
6124

IJRITCC | November 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org

_______________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 3 Issue: 11

ISSN: 2321-8169
6123 - 6126

______________________________________________________________________________________
The value of S11 remains below -10dB for this band of
frequencies. This simulated antenna has Bandwidth of
approximately 1.5GHz. The fractional bandwidth for UWB
antenna should be at least 25%. For the proposed antenna with
AMM inclusion FBW of approximately 29% is achieved.
The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a measure of the
impedance mismatch between the transmitter and the antenna.
Large value of VSWR corresponds to the high mismatch.
Minimum value of VSWR corresponds to a perfect match that
is taken as unity. The VSWR v/s frequency plot for the
proposed antenna is shown in Fig.6. It may be observed that
the values of the VSWR are less than 2 for the whole band
which is within the required limits
Fig:8 Radiated power for etched AMM inclusion

Fig:6 VSWR with/without etched AMM inclusion

Fig.9: Radiation pattern of antenna with etched inclusion

Radiation Pattern is variation of power radiated as a function

of direction away from antenna. The plot for this is shown in
Fig.9. This shows that antenna is nearly omni-directional.

Fig:7 3D Gain Plot For Etched AMM Inclusion Antenna

The 3D Gain plot for AMM inclusion etched UWB antenna is

shown in Fig.7. It shows maximum gain of 2.16 dB As
mentioned above text, we need low power antennas, this is
observed in Radiated power graph shown in Fig.8. We are
getting very low radiated power of -0.845 dB i.e.
approximately equal to 145mW. This amount of power is
suitable for using in Body Area Networks.

Fig.10: MATLAB plot for negative refractive index for

proposed AMM unit

6125
IJRITCC | November 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org

_______________________________________________________________________________________

International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication

Volume: 3 Issue: 11

ISSN: 2321-8169
6123 - 6126

______________________________________________________________________________________
The plot in Fig.10 depicts the value of negative refractive
index for the proposed AMM unit in this paper, which verifies
that Inclusion used here is a metamaterial unit.
IV. CONCLUSION
There is increasing trend in the research publication of
Artificial Magnetic Materials and their implementation to meet
the need circuit integration and miniaturization. The results
obtained are in good agreement and shows enhancement in the
values of return loss, VSWR, Radiated power when Y-shaped
patch was loaded with AMM inclusion In this paper we
introduced concept of AMM, its application in biomedical
field and gives overview of employing metamaterials in health
monitoring equipments. The AMMs in biomedical
applications opens a wide area of research in the near future.

[12] Alhawari, A.R.H.; Ismail, A.; Mahdi, M.A.; Abdullah,

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IEEE Antennas
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[14] Erentok, A. and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Two-dimensional
ecient metamaterialinspired
electrically-small
antenna," Microwave
and Optical Technology
Letters, Vol. 49, No. 7, July 2007.

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