Soft Landscape Maintenance Manual

SECTION 02900
SOFT LANDSCAPE
PART 1 GENERAL
1.01
SCOPE
A.
This Section of the Specification for Landscape Works includes the maintenance of all
planted areas for the project after the Final Handing Over. This includes:
The supply, installation and replacements of specified planting material (plants),

planting soil, supply and use of fertilisers, plant protection chemicals, additives.
The supply, installation and replacement of associated ancillary horticultural

proprietary items.
All maintenance works for the upkeep of healthy plants including palms, trees,
shrubs, ground covers, accent plants, succulents, cacti, climbing ornamentals, lawn
grasses etc. in the project.
Maintenance of a clean and healthy surroundings and environment.
Maintenance of safety of working personnel
Any related additional works required by the Engineer during the maintenance period.
This Section shall be read in conjunction with all other relevant Sections of the
Specification including Irrigation and Hard Landscape Manuals.
1.02
A
STANDARDS
All activities relating to this Section of the Specification shall comply with the
following international standards, unless noted otherwise in this Specification.
BS 3936 - 1: 1992
Nursery stock Specifications for trees and shrubs
BS 3936 - 7: 1989
Nursery stock Specification for bedding plants
BS 3936 - 9: 1998
Nursery stock Specification for bulbs, corms & tubers
BS 3936 -10:1990
Nursery stock Specification for Ground Cover plants
BS 3998:1989
Recommendations for tree work
BS 4043:1989
Transplanting root-balled trees
BS 4428:1989
Code for general landscape operations
ISO 9000
Quality management systems
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Div 02: Section 02900
1.03
A
Soft Landscape Maintenance
DEFINITIONS
Refer to the definitions in the General Conditions of Contract for Civil Works
Contracts. The definitions apply to this general Specification for Landscape Works.
Also:
The Contractor
1.04
The awarded party for applicable Operation and Maintenance

of Landscape, Irrigation, Wells, Reservoirs, Pumping Stations,
Boosters, Reverse Osmosis.
QUALITY CONTROL
General
Under no circumstances shall the Contractor perform any work not confirming to
specifications or as instructed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall follow only those
works approved by the Engineer.
Qualified Personnel
Perform work only with personnel experienced in the work required of this Section
under direction of a skilled foreman.
Substitutions:
When plants of the specified species are not available, substitution may be made only
with the written approval of the Engineer.
The Contractor will not be allowed to use different techniques or quality criteria
without Engineers approval.
No plant materials, planting soil or other materials specified for the project shall be
accepted installed or planted without the Engineers approval.
Hold & Witness points
Do not proceed to complete further works until the following has been inspected and
approved in writing by the Engineer or approved representative.
(a)
Submission of works construction programme.
(b)
Monthly progress reports.
(c)
Approval of all samples & materials.
(d)
Evidence of plant material availability.
(e)
Plant importation program.
(f)
Excavated landscape areas.
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(g)
Filled, compacted and graded sweet soil fill to landscape areas prior to mixing
of amendments.
(h)
Setting out of planting areas and pits prior to excavation.
(i)
Excavated pits and percolation tests prior to planting.
(j)
All Plant stock approved in the nursery prior to transportation.
(k)
All Plant stock approved at the site prior to planting.
(l)
Staking, guying and tying of Shrubs, Trees and Palms.
(m)
Irrigation dipper lines working and tensioned and aligned correctly prior to
shrub and Ground cover planting.
(n)
Excavation of ornamental stone/mulch areas prior to laying geo-textile and any

edging or placing stone.
(o)
Any Irrigation approvals
(p)
Detailed Maintenance Manual.
(q)
As Built drawings prior to PAC.
Do not proceed to complete further works until the following has been inspected and
approved in writing by the Engineer or approved representative for maintenance work.
(a)
Endorsed or modified maintenance manuals
(b)
Endorsed As Built drawings from Construction Contractor.
(c)
Monthly maintenance schedules.
(d)
Monthly maintenance records sheets.
(e)
Weekly maintenance schedules.
(f)
Weekly maintenance records sheets.
The contractor shall notify the Engineer 48 hours prior to the inspection of the above.
Such notification shall be given by a written inspection request (in a format acceptable
to the Engineer) each and every time various areas of the work are to be carried out or
covered up so as to prevent subsequent inspection.
These activities shall be identified as hold points in the Contractors program and
inspection and test plans.
If the Contractor does not notify the Engineer in sufficient time to allow for his
inspection prior to covering up or completing installations governed by a hold point,
the Contractor shall remove all such materials/equipment as deemed necessary by the
Engineer to verify compliance of the work.
Any delays, additional work or additional costs attributed to the above shall be at the
Contractors expense.
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PART 2 NEW INSTALLATIONS

2.01
SCOPE
This section relates to installation of new items and construction or components
according to the changes made in the landscape. New works will form an extension or
variation to the maintenance contract and will be dealt with in accordance to
regulations for installation of new items. The operation and maintenance contractor is
not necessarily the selected Contractor for installing new items.
2.02
SUBMITTALS
General
Submit samples of the following for the Engineers approval in accordance with Section
01000 General Submittals, in the General Specification for Civil Works (GSCW).
Provide two sets of the following:
(a)
Agricultural soil (Prior to amending): 1 Kg. along with soil analysis report
(b)
Planting medium (after amendment); 1 Kg of each specified with analysis

report.
(c)
Fertilisers, manures & other additives; Manufacturers documentation.
(d)
Irrigation water if not used from municipal or previously known source with
water analysis report.
(e)
Natural stones/Drainage stone: 0.25 cubic metres.
(f)
Geo textile fabric & other drainage materials: 1 square meter.
(g)
Staking & Guying materials and methods: As per project requirements.
(h)
Samples of all plants to be used in this contract prior to delivery: Arrange

nursery visits as necessary, with majority stock in one location.
Shop Drawings as Built Drawings

1
Additional works or modifications during Maintenance require design drawings with

details called shop drawings. These drawings shall comply with the International
Standard EN ISO 11091: 1999 Construction Drawings Landscape Drawing Practice
and its Annexure B.
The contractor shall maintain one set of As Built drawings. All approved changes
and all completed and approved work shall be recorded on these drawings. The
contractor shall maintain this on a daily basis. At the time of substantial completion the
contractor shall submit to the Engineer the complete As Built set of drawings for
approval and final approved set shall be submitted within 14 days of final hand over.
Once the drawings have been approved the contractor shall prepare and submit (within
5-days) 3nos. sets of fully book bound drawings and 1nos. soft PDF copy on CD with
scanned literature.
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Manuals
The contractor shall obtain, if available, from the Engineer one set of Maintenance
Manuals which were submitted by the construction contractor(s) to ADM at their final
handing over. The Manual(s) shall have 4 parts:
Part. 1. - Pumping Station and Reservoir Maintenance.
Part. 2. - Soft Landscape Maintenance.
Part. 3. - Irrigation System Operation and Maintenance.
Part. 4. - Hard Landscape Maintenance.
Note: This may vary depending on the project scope of works.
The Maintenance Manuals shall then be collated and modified by the maintenance
contractor into one manual to suit his scope of work. I.e. some areas or tasks may not
be included or the maintenance contact may cover several areas. The new
Maintenance manual shall be submitted to the engineer within 14-days after receiving
the original manuals.
The final contents of the new

Engineer.
Once the manuals are approved the contractor shall prepare and submit (within 5-days)
3nos. sets of fully book bound manuals with original manufacturers technical
catalogues, literature etc. and 1nos. Soft PDF copy on CD with scanned literature.
14-days prior to final completion handing over of the Maintenance Contract the above
documents shall be again updated and submitted again as outlined above.
Manufacturer's Literature
Manufacturer's literature and labels for the following materials shall be submitted prior
to use or installation:
Maintenance Manual shall be approved with the
(a)
Fertiliser
(b)
Pesticides and all plant protection chemicals
(c)
Compost and Manure
(d)
Any other specific products not listed above.
The above information shall be maintained by the Contractor and available to the
Engineer and Client at short notice.
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Test Reports
Tests shall be based on a representative sample of material to be used.
Submit Test reports to the Engineer before sample submittals.
Do not use materials until reviewed by the Engineer.
Material used in construction shall be the same as that reviewed in testing.
An authorised testing laboratory accepted by the Engineer shall perform the testing and
all costs for this work shall be at the expense of the Contractor.
The following test reports shall be submitted:
(a)
Manufacturers certified analysis of all standard products, including fertilisers

and manures.
(b)
Certificates confirming the origin, size of all standard products, including

fertilisers and manures.
(c)
Health certificates for all imported plant material.
The following information is required for each of below.

(a)
Agricultural soil.
1.
pH value:
2.
Electrical conductivity:
3.
Free carbonates:
4.
Chlorides:
5.
Sulphates:
6.
Exchangeable sodium:
7.
Boron:
8.
Sodium
9.
Magnesium
10.
Sieve analysis.
11.
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)
(b)
For planting medium (after amendment)
1.
pH.
2.
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
(c)
Irrigation water
1.
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
2.
pH
3.
Chlorides (Cl)
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4.
Nitrate (NO3)
5.
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
6.
Sulphates (SO4)
7.
Calcium (Ca)
8.
Sodium (Na)
9.
Magnesium (Mg)
10.
Potassium (K)
11.
Boron (B)
Note: If municipal supply water or other known source of irrigation water is not used,
test certificate must be produced along with submittal of sample.
F
Certificates of Inspection:
Certificates of inspection shall accompany the invoice for each shipment of plants as
may be required by law for transportation.
File certificates are to be transferred to the Engineer prior to acceptance of the

material.
Approvals of materials
It is conditional to the contract that written approval must be obtained for all products
and materials prior to use in the works. Approval of products or materials does not in
any way relieve the contractor of his full responsibilities under the Contract.
The Contractor is to carry out all tests directed by the Engineer to ensure that the
materials and workmanship are in accordance with the specified Standards and Codes
of Practice mentioned in the document.
2.03
WARRANTY
Provide 12-month warranty from any alteration works from the Date of Substantial
Completion (PAC) under provisions of General Conditions of Contract.
All plant materials furnished under this section shall be guaranteed as to the species,
hybrid, flower colour, and/or variety specified herein or on the Drawings. If any
guaranteed plant material proves to be of a different species, hybrid, flower colour and
/or variety not initially determinable, the Contractor shall replace that plant with a new
plant of the originally specified species, hybrid, flower colour and/or variety
The Contractor shall replace all plants found in an unhealthy growing condition during
the Maintenance Period.
Replacements shall be with new healthy plant(s) of same species /variety/ hybrid/
flower colour and size at the time of replacement.
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2.04
1
COMPLIANCES
Comply with safety standards and governing regulations for cleaning operations. Do
not burn waste materials at site, or bury debris or excess materials on site, or discharge
volatile or other harmful dangerous materials into irrigation or drainage systems;
remove waste materials from site on a day-to-day basis and dispose of in a lawful
manner.
PART 3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.01
AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Composition
Soil shall be sweet sand or marine washed sand free of calcium carbonate, subsoil,
refuse, roots, noxious weeds, phytotoxic materials, rocks, sticks, brush, litter,
construction debris or any other deleterious materials. The soil shall be approved by
the Engineer before its use. It shall be free draining, non-toxic and capable of
sustaining healthy plant growth. It should have good water holding capacity and
minimal runoff or erosion characteristics.
Chemical Criteria
The agricultural soil shall comply with the following:

pH value:
not less than 6.5 or not more than 8
Electrical conductivity:
less than 2500 micromhos /cm

(2.5 dS / m) saturated extract at 25C
Free carbonates:
less than 0.5% air dried
Chlorides:
less than 200 ppm in saturated extract
Sulphates:
less than 200 ppm in saturated extract
Exchangeable sodium: less than 15% in neutral

normal ammonium acetate
Boron:
less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble
Sodium
less than 250 ppm
Magnesium
less than 100 ppm
Nitrates
less than 75 ppm
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Grading Criteria
Sieve Size (mm)
% by Mass Passing
5.000
2.380
65 to 100
1.180
45 to 100
0.600
35 to 80
0.300
0.150
0.075
Soil Samples
At least 7 days before schedule use, the Contractor shall submit in writing to the
Engineer the proposed source or sources of agricultural soil (sweet sand) for approval.
The Contractor shall ensure that representative samples of sweet sand are taken from
each source for testing purposes. Each sample shall be tested and analysed by a
qualified agricultural Soil testing laboratory, and the results submitted in writing to the
Engineer. All testing procedures for agricultural soil shall be deemed to be included in
the Contractors rates. Use of soil shall be permitted only after approval of the
Engineer.
Storage
3.02
Soil shall be stored in heaps no greater than one and a half meters high. Soil heaps
shall be protected from undue compaction and no construction or waste materials
shall be stored on or mixed with the soil. Soil heaps not intended for immediate use
must be kept covered to prevent wind drifts and other public nuisance.
COMPOST & ORGANIC MANURE
A.
Compost and organic manure should conform to following standards
B.
Compost and manure of cattle, sheep, chicken etc. shall be from an approved company.
It shall be pasteurized and free from weed and disease. It shall be composted fully so
that it may be used in direct contact with plant roots, at the quantities specified,
without harmful effects to the root system or the plants overall health and appearance.
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It must be free from any viable seed that may germinate at a later stage. The particle
size and moisture content of compost should be ideal for easy mixing with soil.
C
Organic manure in the form of fishmeal that is premixed with a suitable Nitrogen fixing
and Phosphate dissolving micro organism based product. The micro-organism -based
product has to be mixed well with fishmeal at the rate of one litre per 50 kg. of
fishmeal. This mixture has to be thoroughly incorporated to soil or planting medium.
3.03
FERTILISER
Fertiliser shall be organic, slow release compound fertiliser equivalent to NPK 8-8-16
for palms or 16-8-8 for other plants. In addition to NPK elements, it should also
contain minimum 25% sulphur, 2% MgO and 1.5% trace elements.
Fertiliser shall be furnished in standard containers with the name, weight and
guaranteed analysis of the contents clearly marked. Production and expiry dates must
be clearly printed on the fertiliser bags.
When a mixed fertiliser is specified, the first number shall represent the minimum
percentage of soluble nitrogen, the second number shall represent the minimum
percentage of available phosphoric acid and the third number shall represent the
minimum percentage of water soluble potash.
Kind and quantity of application of manures and fertilisers are subjected to changes in
different projects and it must be followed as approved by the Engineer.
3.03
STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC FERTILISERS & CONDITIONERS
Fertilisers of various categories for use in landscape projects must conform to the
following Standards and specifications.
Slow release organic fertilisers (Non-biological) should conform to following

specifications
1.
The fertiliser should be heat treated and fermented.
2.
The organic matter content should not be less than 40%.
3.
Moisture content should not exceed 25%.
4.
EC should not exceed 10 millimhos / Cm in an extract from 1:5.
5.
The pH should not exceed 7.5 in an extract of 1:5.
6.
The C/N ratio should not exceed 20:1.
7.
The Sodium chloride (NaCl) percentage should not exceed 2% and soluble
sodium should not be more than 0.8%.
8.
It should be free of soil, sand and other impurities.
9.
It should be free from harmful weed seeds, disease causing pathogens,

nematodes, insect pests etc.
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In addition to above, based on recommendations of the Engineer (wherever needed)

other soil additives are to be used. Those products should conform to specifications
provided herewith.
Fish/ Bone/ Sea Weed/ Blood Based Fertilisers
The content of Organic matter and plant nutrient elements of this fertiliser should not
be less than 50%. Primary and secondary elements as percentages and trace elements
as ppm should be indicated on the packing.
Biological Organic Fertilisers with beneficial micro- organisms
The specification should comply to those of Non-biological organic fertilisers

mentioned above with an exception /addition of the following.
(a)
(b)
The moisture content should not exceed 30%

Names of biological microbes added in the fertiliser must be indicated in the
Certificate of Analysis.
Liquid Organic Fertilisers
In cases where the below mentioned liquid organic fertilisers are to be used, the
following aspects should be considered.
Sea Weed / Fish / Bone/ Blood Based Fertilisers
The content of organic matter and plant nutrient elements should not be less than 25%
(from fresh weigh or total volume- W / W or W / V-).
(a)
Fertilisers of which the main contents are humic or fulvic acid:

The percentage of both Humic and Fulvic acid should not be less than 12%.
(b)
Fertilisers which contain organic matter + humic or fulvic acid + NPK:

The percentage of all these contents together should not be less than 50%
(from fresh weigh or total volume- W/W or W/V-).
(c)
Soil Conditioners
Wherever Soil Conditioners are recommended for use it should conform to the
following specifications.
1. Organic Conditioners
Organic conditioners like Peat moss and Coco Peat must conform to the
following standards.
a
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Peat Moss
It should be free from natural soils & sands
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The percentage of Organic matter should not be less than 95%

Should be free of diseases, animal or plant pests especially
nematodes
The EC should not exceed 3 milli mohs / Cm in an extract of 1:5
The pH should not exceed 4 in an extract of 1:5
Sodium chloride should not exceed 0.2%
The moisture content should not exceed 60 %
b
Coco Peat (Coconut coir peat)

It should be free from natural soils, sands and other plant parts
The percentage of Organic matter should not be less than 85%
Should be free of diseases, animal or plant pests especially
nematodes
The EC should not exceed 3 mille mohs/Cm in an extract of 1:5
The pH should be between 5 and 7.5 in an extract of 1:5
Sodium chloride should not exceed 0.2%
The moisture content should not exceed 60 %
2. Non Organic Conditioners

The product should be supplied in tightly packed bags or containers with
proper labelling. The technical leaflet of product should contain:
Chemical name
Effective material and proportion
Application methods for achieving best result as well as its impact
on soil and the type of soil it suits.
Products should be with following specifications:
a
Agricultural Gypsum
The Calcium Sulphate should not be less than 80%.
Sodium Chloride should not exceed 3%.
b
Agricultural Sulphur
The percentage of Sulphur element should not be less
than 8.5%.
Polymers
The water holding capacity should be clearly indicated.
Bentonite
Sodium chloride should not exceed 2%.
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Perlite
Saturation Capacity should not be less than 300%.
PH should not exceed 7.5.
It should be odourless, free of any disease or pest
organism.
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3.04
A
3.05
A
STANDARDS OF NON - ORGANIC FERTILISERS

Fertilisers of pure chemical nature must conform to the product specifications and label
details. Packing should clearly mention the brand name, nutrient content in percentages
and any other additives present. Products must be packed in such a way that it doesnt
contaminate environment and should avoid any spillage. For granular fertilisers it must
be of uniform granular size for easy spreading. It must be without any moisture
contamination and free of caking and impurities. For liquid chemical fertiliser, it must
be clear liquids without crystallisation and settlements. For suspension fertiliser,
particles must easily dissolve when diluted. An ISO certified companys product must
be used in all projects. Those chemical fertilisers approved by the Engineer only must
be used according to project needs.
IRRIGATION WATER
Irrigation water should be from a known source and it shall conform to the following
standards of which the an ions and shall be within the below mentioned levels.
Anions:
1.
Chlorides (Cl)
- 200 ppm
2.
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
- 115 ppm
3.
Sulphates (SO4)
- 390 ppm
4.
Nitrate (NO3)
- 10 ppm
Cat-ions:
3.06
1.
Calcium (Ca)
- 120 ppm
2.
Sodium (Na)
- 130 ppm
3.
Magnesium (Mg)
- 45 ppm
4.
Potassium (K)
- 18 ppm
5.
Boron (B)
- 2 ppm
In cases where any leaching of salts is required, water used shall be less than 1
millimhos / Cm at 250C.
PLANTING MEDIUM
An ideal planting medium must provide a condition in which the root system of the
new plant can resume easy growth and develop new root hairs to absorb water and
nutrients. It should have the following qualities:
1.
2.
3.
Loamy texture
Good drainage
Suitable pH
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4.
5.
Balanced nutrients
Low salinity level
These conditions should be attained by carefully blending ingredients such as

agricultural soil, organic manure, compost and fertilisers. The pH of the amended
planting medium should be within the range of a pH value 6.5 to 7.5 and the contractor
has to do necessary treatments and amendments to bring the pH to required level in
case it differs. Wherever there is a need to retain excessive moisture under very dry
conditions peat moss or other soil conditioners shall be added as approved by the
Engineer.
Planting medium shall consist of a homogeneous mixture of soil, compost and

fertilisers as specified, and in the following proportions:
Organic Manure / Compost shall be provided at the following rates:
Location
Rate
Palm pit
Note: Apply after 3 months for Palms
25 kg per pit
Tree pit (Depends on tree size/age)
20 kg per pit
Large shrubs
15 kg per pit
Small Shrubs & Ground cover beds
10 kg per m2
Lawn Areas
10 kg per m2
Note: 25kg = 1 Bag of Organic Manure (normally)
NPK slow release organic fertiliser shall be provided at the following rates:
Location
Palm pit (depending on age & size)
Note: Apply after 3 months for Palms
Tree pit
Large shrub
Small Shrubs & Ground cover beds
Lawn Areas
N.P.K
Rate per pit
8.8.16
400 to 500 gm / pit
16.8.8
16.8.8
16.8.8
16.8.8
300 gm per pit

200 gm per pit
200 gm per m2
200 gm per m2
Special Notes:
1. Application rates and kind of fertilisers mentioned above shall be for
planting medium preparations and first application only. Application
rates and methods for maintenance are explained in the following
Planting Medium Mixtures and Method of applications.
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2. Maintenance and further application shall be scheduled in accordance

with the Engineers instruction depending upon the season, type of plant,
health conditions.
3. For palms, manure and fertiliser inputs can be added to palm pits after
planting at a later stage as approved by the Engineer.
4. The planting medium for lawn areas should be prepared one week before
sowing seeds or the grass stolons are planted.
3.07
PLANTING MEDIUM MIXTURES AND METHOD OF APPLICATIONS
In the following pages, mixing ratios of planting medium and their mixing methods are
detailed in tables. The contractor has to ensure that these methods are strictly followed
when planting medium mixes are made unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
The contractor shall add any additional amendments to planting medium in case the pH
of the made up medium does not comply with the specification. (i.e. between 6.5 and
7.5).
These tables are for initial application of mixtures to planting medium or first
application (in case of palms). The tables and does not include maintenance program
fertilizing, this is shown in the next section. The method and time of application should
be maintained for each type of plants as given below.
Rates of application of fertilisers shall vary with palm variety, size and age and
necessary changes in the kind of fertilisers and rate of application shall be carried out as
instructed by the Engineer.
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Date Palm - Phoenix dactylifera
Sl
1
Kind
of Per
Fertilisers
Palm
Organic
25 Kgs
matter based
After planting
or establishment
3-4
6-7
months months Remarks
25 Kgs.
nil
Apply uniformly in trenches made

of 200 mm. width and 150 mm.
depth 0.75 to 1 metre away from
trunk within the individual palm
basins;
Mix well with soil in trench
working with hand shovel
(spade), backfill scooped out soil
above trench to level, irrigation to
follow immediately.
Slow release
Organo400
chemical
Grams
fertiliser
(NPK
8.8.16)
Fishmeal
pellets
or 500
granules @ Grams
20 Gr./ Kg.
of Organic
manure
200
Grams
200
Grams
As above
500
Grams
nil
As above
Micro
1 liter 1 liter nil
organism
per 100 per 100
based ( as palms
palms
Microfert)
@ 1 litre per
50 Kg. of
Fish meal
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Mix Fishmeal & Microfert

thoroughly and spread in trench
of palm basin uniformly; mix well
with soil and other inputs. Irrigate
as explained above.
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Tree pits
Sl
Kind
of Per
Fertilisers
Tree
Remarks
Organic
20 Kgs
matter based
Spread fertiliser in basins of tree pits prior to planting.

Soil to be filled in such a manner to get a perfect final
level considering settling down of loose soil after
irrigation and to accommodate root ball area of plants
after planting. Thoroughly mix the fertiliser with soil
and pre-irrigate well to moisten the entire medium
uniformly before planting to field capacity. Plant as
per specifications. Irrigate plant basins well after
planting.
Slow release 300

OrganoGrams
chemical
fertiliser
(NPK
16.8.8)
As above
Fishmeal
400
pellets
or Grams
granules @
20 Gr./ Kg.
of Organic
manure
Micro
organism
based
(as
Microfert)
@ 1 litre per
50 Kg. of
Fish meal
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As above
1 liter Mix Fishmeal & Microfert thoroughly and spread in

per 125 trench of plant basin uniformly; mix well with soil and
tree
other inputs. Irrigate as explained above.
pits
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Large Shrub pits
Sl
Kind
of Per
Fertilisers
Shrub
Remarks
Organic
15 Kgs
matter based
Spread fertiliser in basins of shrub pits prior to

planting. Soil to be filled in such a manner to get a
perfect final level considering settling down of loose
soil after irrigation and to accommodate root ball
area of plants after planting. Thoroughly mix the
fertiliser with soil and pre-irrigate well to moisten the
entire medium uniformly before planting to field
capacity at planting. Plant as per specifications.
Irrigate plant basins well after planting.
Slow release 200

OrganoGrams
chemical
fertiliser
(NPK
16.8.8)
As above
Fishmeal
pellets
or 300
granules @ Grams
20 Gr./ Kg.
of Organic
manure
As above
Micro
1
liter Mix Fishmeal & Microfert thoroughly and spread in
organism
per 166 trench of plant basin uniformly; mix well with soil
based ( as shrubs
and other inputs. Irrigate as explained above.
Microfert)
@ 1 litre per
50 Kg. of
Fish meal
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Small Shrubs, Ground Cover beds, Feature plants and Lawn areas
Sl
Kind
of Per Sq.
Fertilisers
Metre.
Remarks
Organic
10 Kgs
matter based
Thoroughly mix the fertiliser with soil and preirrigate well to moisten the entire medium uniformly
before planting. Moisten the entire medium to field
capacity. Watch for any soil settlement, and grade to
finish level before planting. Plant as per
specifications. Irrigate well after planting.
Slow release 200

OrganoGrams
chemical
fertiliser
(NPK
16.8.8)
As above
Fishmeal
300
pellets
or Grams
granules @
20 Gr./ Kg.
of Organic
manure
As above
Micro
1
liter Mix Fishmeal & Microfert thoroughly and spread
organism
per 166 uniformly on soil / planting medium; mix well with
based ( as Sq. m.
soil and other inputs. Irrigate as explained above.
Microfert)
@ 1 litre per
50 Kg. of
Fish meal
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Seasonal Flowers
Sl
3.08
A
Kind
of Per Sq.
Fertilisers
Metre.
Remarks
Organic
10 Kgs
matter based
Thoroughly mix the fertiliser with soil and preirrigate well to moisten the entire medium uniformly
before planting. Moisten the entire medium to field
capacity. Watch for any soil settlement, and grade to
finish level before planting. Plant as per
specifications. Irrigate well after planting.
Granular
fertiliser
N.P.K
20.10.10
MgO
As above
50
Grams
+
Fertiliser program given above is subjected to modifications depending on the project

needs, soil test reports, planting types, seasons etc. and the contractor shall follow the
approved program specified by the Engineer for each project.
MAINTENANCE FERTILISER APPLICATION

These are general recommendations required per annum. Specific recommendations
shall have to be followed depending up on the soil analysis for each project or area.
Time of application, rate per application and methods shall be as per the approved
Method Statement for each project.
Plant
Organic
Manure
Timing
Once
year
Measurement
Kg
10-7411-Volume 2
Slow
Release
Organic
a Once
year
As
Shown
Nitrogeno
us (Urea / Chelated
N.P.K + Am.
Micro
T.E.
Sulphate) Nutrient
Soil
Conditioner
a Twice a As shown As shown per Once

year
per year
year
a year
As
Shown
Grams
Grams
Kg
20/52
Palm
(per palm)
10
2.5 to 3 1 to 2 250-500
Kg.
Kg.
twice
100-200
twice
Trees
(per tree)
500
Grams
0.5-1
Kg.
100-250
once
100-200
once
Shrub
(per shrub)
2.5
200-250
Grams
200-250
Grams
100-150
twice
50-100
once
0.5
Ground cover 5
(per m2)
100-200
Grams
100-200
Grams
50 three 25-50
times
twice
0.25
Lawn areas
(per m2)
100-200
Grams
100-200
Grams
25-50 six 25-50

times
twice
0.25
Seasonal Flowers (During growing period)
Sl
1
Kind
Fertilisers
of Per
Sq. Frequency
Metre.
Granular
fertiliser N.P.K 50 Grams
12-24-12
+
MgO
Micronutrient
fertiliser
0.3 Grams
Monthly
Fortnightly
Remarks
Spread around plants in planting

beds, mix well with planting
medium, irrigate to field capacity
immediately after application.
Soil application by fertigation or by
foliar spray (0.3 grams per litre of
water). Conduct foliar test spray in
small area to establish safety for
concentration before spraying large
areas.
Changes to above fertiliser kinds, quantity, time of application etc. shall be considered
according to soil analysis data, seasons, type of plants and project needs and shall be
followed as per the instruction of the Engineer.
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3.09
PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS
All pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematicides, miticides, tree sealants etc. fall under
the Plant Protection Chemicals.
These plant protection chemicals whether in the form of solutions, Granules,

Emulsifiable Concentrates, Pellets or Fumigants must conform to all legal safety
standards.
The product must be with a low mammalian toxicity and a high LD50 value and should
cause only a minimal damage to the environment. The contractor should educate the
persons involved in carrying out plant protection measures about all safety precautions
for storage and handling of the product. It should be useful and effective against the
target pests.
Product label must carry details of products ingredients, formulations, toxicity, and
rates of application, pests controlled and proper means of safe handling. The contractor
must be able to provide the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of product as
instructed by the Engineer and use only approved products.
While using a plant protection chemical, the following safety guidelines should always
be followed.
Use only products tested and recommended by the state authorities.
Follow the manufacturers directions for rate and safety of application of the product.
Use the lowest recommended concentration whenever it is possible and apply only on
diseased plants.
Do not apply on a windy or cloudy (sign of rain) day.
Do not prepare excess amount of chemical and dispose balance quantity elsewhere.
Do not spray near pet cages, beehives, water pools etc.
Spray chemicals during early morning or late evening especially during summer to
avoid plant injury.
3.10
PLANTING MATERIAL
General
1.
All planting material shall be of the size specified and obtained from an approved
source. All plants shall be supplied as specified and the Contractor is expected to
obtain stock from outside the UAE if it is not available locally.
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2.
Plants to be obtained outside the UAE should be identified at the time of bidding and
accompanied by a draft programme for importation of such plants, indicating supplier
or source and delivery times required.
3.
Plants shall be true to type and supplied under botanical names. Synonyms must be
checked with the Engineer.
4.
Imported plants must be acclimatised for a period of six (6) weeks minimum prior to
planting.
5.
All planting stock shall be well-balanced and well formed, sound, vigorous, healthy and
free from disease, sun-scald, abrasion, harmful insects or insect eggs and with a
healthy, unbroken root system filling their containers but not root-bound. Unless
otherwise specified, only nursery grown plants will be used. All plants shall be
container grown (balled plants) except as otherwise specifically stated in the Contact
Documents.
6.
Plants will only be given final approval based on their condition at site at the end of the
warranty (365-days Maintenance) period.
Substitutions
1.
The Bid must be based upon plants that are available. If plants are unobtainable,
alternatives may be submitted with the Bid, stating how they differ from the
Specification. Such substitutions may not be acceptable and submission of further
alternatives may be required. Approval shall be obtained from the Engineer prior to any
substitution.
2.
After the Bid period, no substitutions will be considered and specified plants will have
to be procured by whatever means are necessary in order to meet the completion date
set.
Nomenclature
The nomenclature of plants shall conform to the scientific names given in:
3.11
(a)
L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University. 1976. Hortus Third, A concise

dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan,
NY.
(b)
Note: Alternative names (synonyms) shall be checked in this book. All plants
must agree with the botanical description in this reference.
TREES
A.
All trees supplied for new works must meet the following criteria:
1.
They must have a clear straight stem, healthy look and good shape.
2.
They must have a well balanced crown with the terminal leader intact,
3.
They must possess at least four main branches
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4.
All saw cuts are to be clean and free from any ripping or
trimmed smooth after cutting.
5.
All trees and palms are to be purchased and stored in suitable nursery conditions within
6 weeks of the start of the contract.
6.
All dimensions shown with tolerances (i.e. 120-150mm) refer to maximum and
minimum dimensions that will be accepted. Measurement of all plants of one species
shall, as a minimum, average between the upper and lower figures (i.e. in the above
case 135mm).
7.
Trees are to be sprayed with an approved anti-desiccant 48 hours prior to transport.
B.
Avenue and feature trees are nursery-grown standard form trees with clear,
substantially straight stems. The head shall be developed for its type and evenly
balanced, with no main branches crossing the crown. The tree shall have a central
leader or a branch head according to the species or cultivar. Unless otherwise specified
in the Bill of Quantities, standard form trees shall be 10-15mm calliper when
measured 200mm from ground level a minimum overall height of 1.5m at time of
planting.
C.
Boundary trees shall be feathered form with a defined, upright central leader and stem
furnished with evenly spread and balance lateral shoots down to near ground level,
according to its species. They shall have a minimum overall height of 1.5m at time of
planting.
3.12
splitting and shall be
PALMS
All palms supplied for new works shall be balled and bur lapped unless container
grown specimens are available. Offshoots will not be acceptable. When palms grown in
sandy soil are removed for planting, where retention of ball of earth or bur lapping
around root ball is not possible due to its soil texture, extreme care should be taken to
minimize the root damage.
Excavation has to be made at sufficient distance away from trunk so that feeder roots
are not cut or bruised. Care must be taken to avoid any kind of root damage while
transporting or off loading.
Palm leaves or fronds are to be Hessian wrapped from below the lower most frond
base to upwards in such a manner that the growing point is securely protected. This
has to be done before the palm is removed from its original growing place and should
be retained during transport and subsequent planting. Hessian wraps should be
removed only after ensuring the emergence of new leaves.
All palms shall have a vigorous root system, crown of new leaves, proper colour of
leaves of an adult palm and sufficient hardiness.
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3.13
SHRUBS, HERBACEOUS PLANTS & GROUND COVERS
Shrubs
All shrubs supplied for new works are woody perennials of generally multi-stemmed
and bushy habit ranging from 3 to 4.5m in height down to 500mm height when mature.
Shrubs shall meet the requirements for spread and height indicated in the drawing
and/or specified in this contract. Measurement of height for shrubs shall be taken from
the ground level to the average height of the shrubs and not the longest branch or stem.
Shrubs shall have at least three main stems, and shall be well balanced and bushy with
strongly developed root system, free from pest and disease.
Herbaceous Plants
All herbaceous plants supplied for new works are non-woody perennials of clump
forming habit. Such plants shall have well developed stems and a healthy root system,
free from pest and disease. Clumps of herbaceous plants shall include rhizomes, corms,
tubers or roots and soil undisturbed by lifting, with evidence of growing shoots
emerging above soil level. All shrubs and herbaceous plants shall be cultivated in
containers of appropriated dimensions corresponding to the size of the plants and the
requirements of the species.
Ground Covers
All Ground cover plants supplied for new works are low growing, 500mm or less, or
prostrate shrubs or herbaceous plants whose habit is to totally cover the soil. All
ground cover species shall be evenly balanced to allow equal growth in all directions.
Plants shall have fully developed root system and leaves. Unless otherwise specified,
rooted cuttings will not be accepted. All plants shall be container grown.
3.14
ANCILLARY ITEMS
Tree Stakes
All trees shall be double staked. Stakes shall be of timber, straight, free of projections
and pointed at one end. The stakes shall be pressure impregnated with non-injurious
wood preservative such as TANALITH E to be applied at least two weeks before use.
Stakes shall also be painted with 2 no. coats of matt green water resistant exterior
paint.
Tree Stakes
2400 x 50 x 50 mm
Large Shrub Stakes

1800 x 50 x 50 mm
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When installed the length of the stake shall be minimum one third below ground level
unless otherwise detailed or approved by the Engineer. Erect in a straight manner not
leaning toward or away in any direction from the plants main stem.
Tree Ties
Tree ties shall be high-density polyethylene (HDPE) chain-lock type.
Ties fabricated from string, packing materials, fabric webbing or galvanised wire and
guard hose will not be accepted. The contractor shall provide an on site sample
erection of a tree stake and tie prior to approval.
Guying & Anchoring
Where guying and anchoring of large plant material is required the contractor shall
submit a method statement for the Engineers approval. Durable high strength rubber
strapping is preferred over steel cable and turnbuckle arrangements.
Temporary Planting Screens
Whenever planting is in an exposed position, liable to strong or excessively hot wind

conditions, windbreaks shall be provided until such time as the planting is firmly
established.
Screens shall be typically 1750mm tall using high density polyethylene monofilament
shade net of approx. 75% density supported by tree stakes as described above.
The shade net configuration can be altered to suit the size of the planted specimen.
Variations from the above typical sizing shall be approved by the engineer.
Hessian
Hessian bands shall be 750mm wide to lengths necessary for wrapping tree trunks and
main branches.
Anti-Desiccant
Anti-desiccant shall be an emulsion type, film-forming agent designed to permit

transpiration but retard excessive loss of water form plants. Trees or shrubs shall be
sprayed 48 hours prior to moving.
Gravel Mulch & Natural Stone
Gravel shall be free from additional organic and waste material, of a consistent beige
colour or as specified in the BOQ.
Gravel shall be spread evenly over areas as indicated with final spreading finished with
a rake. In areas of abutment with other landscape materials (e.g. lawn, planting,) the
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finish line of the gravel must be a clean sharp edge or held with proprietary edging as
indicated in the drawings and the BOQ.
H
Temporary Shade Structure
For plant species requiring shade during establishment on site, temporary shade
structures shall be erected and maintained by the contractor to the Engineers
discretion.
Root Control Barrier
Root Control Barriers shall be used to protect adjacent structures from damage as
shown on the drawings and as directed by the Engineer. The barrier shall be HDPE,
minimum 600mm wide in continuous rolls and manufactured for purpose.
Do not fully enclose or encircle the plants roots system. Locate at the interface
between the plant and the objects being protected
PART 4 EXECUTION
4.01
PRELIMINARIES
Site Investigations
Prior to any operations the contractor shall undertake site investigations to ensure full
awareness of all the site conditions. The site conditions shall include but not be limited
to:
(a)
The site boundary and/or extent of works.
(b)
Location of all existing services on the site.
(c)
The existing drainage conditions and infrastructure.
(d)
Existing vegetation including that to be retained.
(e)
Ground conditions such as existing subsurface rock, ground water level etc.
Site Enclosures
The Contractor shall erect temporary fencing to the boundaries of the site as required
for the protection of the public and/or to the Contractors site infrastructure and
storage areas.
Existing Vegetation
The contractor shall erect temporary fencing to protect existing vegetation to be

retained. The area shall enclose the outer drip line and root zone of all trees. Storage of
building materials, construction refuses or any other deleterious material is not
permitted in the fenced area.
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Protect all existing vegetation to be retained with maximum care at all times during
construction and possession of the site. The contractor will be required to replace any
damaged or destroyed vegetation to the full value of the said vegetation and at the
discretion of the Engineer.
Existing Planting Soil
Where the drawings indicate storage or reuse of existing topsoil, carefully strip and
stockpile to avoid unnecessary compaction, contamination or any damage to the
topsoil.
Do not pile higher than 3m and cover in windblown areas to protect from drying out.
Do not store longer than 12-months. If this is required seek additional approval for
alternative methods.
Demolition
As per the demolition plans or as noted on the drawings, clear and remove from site all
items not required to be retained, protected or preserved. Refer to the General
Specification for Civil Works, Section 02060, Demolition and Site Clearing for further
guidelines.
4.02
CONSTRUCTION WORKS PROGRAM
Prepare a construction schedule for approval in accordance with the General

Specification for Civil Works, Division 1 - General Requirements and submit to the
Engineer for approval.
Include the actual dates for all witness and hold points. Submit within 7- days of
gaining possession of the site.
4.03
PLANTING SEASON & CONDITIONS
No planting shall be carried out during periods of heavy rain, sandstorms, heavy winds,
or during intense daytime heat.
Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted in the cooler winter months between
mid September and mid May.
Palms and lawns can be installed in the more humid months late May to early
September.
When special conditions warrant a variance to the planting times above, a proposed
planting schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval. In such
cases, the planting will be installed at no additional cost and all conditions and
obligations such as maintenance and warranty remain the responsibility of the
contractor.
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Planting of trees and shrubs will occur prior to lawn planting.
All planting should be carried out only after the irrigation system is fully operational.
4.04
ON-SITE ACCLIMATISATION STORAGE
Where possible, prior to planting, all plant materials shall be acclimatised on site for a
minimum of one week and protected against drying at all times. This is only possible if
facilities are available on site to do so. Otherwise immediate planting is recommended.
In such cases required acclimatisation shall have been fulfilled in the nursery to
overcome any transplanting shock later. Under any circumstances, the Contractor shall
provide facilities for on-site acclimatisation of all plants.
Palm trees shall be planted immediately upon arrival on site. If palms have to be held
for longer than twelve hours before planting they should be heeled-in in trenches
which are kept moist at all times.
4.05
HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION OF PLANTS
General
Plant material shall be lifted or moved in such a manner that the roots are not
disturbed. Plant materials shall be lifted by handling the container and not the above
ground portion of the plant. Root systems of all plants shall not be allowed to dry out
at any time and shall not be exposed to excessive or artificial heat or to freezing
temperatures. During transportation all plants shall be packed adequately to ensure
protection for climatic or physical injuries. Tarpaulins or other covers shall be placed
over plants when they are transported by open trucks or freight cars. Plants are not to
be piled on top of one another. All plants shall be treated with anti-desiccant prior to
transportation.
Palms
Prior to transporting to site, and immediately upon lifting all suckers, flowering and
fruiting parts and approximately thirty percent of fronds shall be removed. The
remaining fronds shall:
(a)
be sprayed with approved anti-desiccant 48 hours prior to transplanting,
(b)
lifted to enclose and protect the growing tip,
(c)
wrapped in hessian and securely tied in position,
The roots of non- container grown palms shall be pruned and the root ball shall be
protected with tied hessian bands. Hessian bands shall be 750mm wide and to lengths
necessary for the additional wrapping tree trunks and main fronds.
When planted in their final location palms shall be set and maintained plumb to
Engineers approval.
Imported palms shall have been acclimatised for at least six months before removal
from the nursery.
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4.06
A
4.07
A
PLANTING MEDIUM
Mix the soil additives with agricultural soil at the rates specified. The planting medium
shall be mixed mechanically by an approved method to create a homogeneous mixture.
For individual pits of tree and shrub planting, planting medium shall be prepared in situ
by mixing the specified quantity of each ingredient for each pit. The pH of the amended
planting medium should be within the range of a pH value 6.5 to 7.5. A one-kilogram
sample of each batch shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to
spreading.
PLANTING DEPTHS & PITS
Unless otherwise specified, planting beds and pits are to be the following minimum
dimensions:
Location
Size / depth
Palm pits
2000 x 2000 x 2000 mm
Tree pits
1500 x 1500 x 1500 mm
Large Shrub pits
1000 x 1000 x 1000 mm
Small Shrub pits
750 x 750 x 750 mm
Shrub beds
500 mm depth
Ground cover beds
300 mm depth
Lawn areas
300 mm depth
Paving may cover a small percentage of the planting pits area. The planting pit
however is to be maintained at the minimum dimensions shown above.
The planting medium depth from top level of pit must be 1.5 times or more than the
total root ball depth and in no cases should it be less than 1/3rd of the pit depth.
4.08
PERCOLATION TESTS
Percolation tests shall be carried out at a minimum rate of 1 test per 50 plants with
respect to individual species or as directed by the Engineer at a higher frequency. The
test shall be carried out using the following procedure:
1.
2.
Fill the plant pit with irrigation water and mark the level reached.
Monitor the rate of percolation over a period of one hour. If the water level drops by
more than 20mm then the pit has passed the test.
3.
If the plant pit fails the test, bore holes shall be augured at the bottom of the pit to
achieve proper percolation to the approval of the Engineer.
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4.09
PLANTING SEQUENCE
General
Planting shall be done only once the installation of irrigation system has been
completed in all respects, planting area have been prepared properly and the work
approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall proceed with complete planting
operations as per the approved construction program and as portions of the site
become available, working within seasonal limitations for each type of landscape work
required.
Bed Preparation
Prior to spreading of any planting medium, the sub-grade shall be filled or excavated to
the appropriate levels. The sub-grade shall then be raked level and cleared of all debris
and rock to reveal a smooth clean sub-base at levels required to accommodate the
specified depths of planting medium and mulch.
Grading
Agricultural soil shall be installed to achieve tolerances specified for finished level of
planting medium, and when reasonably dry and workable, graded to smooth, flowing
contours with all minor hollows and ridges removed.
Planting medium to be spread at levels to accommodate mulch where specified. Final

grades should not deviate more than +/- 25mm from the finish grade specified.
Finished ground level adjoining building shall be kept 150mm below the level of the
damp-proof course.
Setting out
Stake out the outline of planting areas, Ground cover beds and individual tree and
shrub locations and for approval by the Engineer prior to plants being installed.
Excavation for Planting
At the time of planting, a hole shall be made into the pit/bed large enough to take the
plants root ball. Refer to the previous section on standard planting depths and pits.
The planting hole shall be thoroughly moistened prior to planting.
Back filling
After passing the percolation tests, backfill with approved planting medium in layers
not exceeding 300 mm. Each layer shall be separately firmed and watered in to
eliminate all air pockets until final soil level is reached. Allow for
compaction/subsidence by overfilling by 100 mm. Once placed the growing medium
shall be covered with plastic sheeting or fenced and clearly marked to prevent
disturbance until planting commences.
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Stakes
1
Stakes shall be driven into the tree pits at least one third of their specified length.
Stakes are required for any new plantings with respect to the size and individual
plant condition and location as directed by the Engineer. If these are required for
improvement of the growing conditions of the plant temporarily then they can be
requested by the Engineer at anytime.
Planting
Plants shall be carefully removed from containers. The plants shall be removed with
all the potting soil moistened and intact around the roots. Care shall be taken not to
damage the roots of the plants. The plant shall be placed upright in the centre of
the hole. Planting should be avoided in extreme weather conditions.
Care shall be taken to set the plant in such a way to ensure that the collar line (line of
contact between soil and stem) is at the same level as the surrounding ground. Fill
around the plant root ball with planting medium in layers of 150-300 mm.
The Engineer shall finally decide the relative positioning of all plants, and any
relocation if needed shall be carried out by the contractor as part of the contract.
Watering
Watering should be carried out through the approved irrigation system only. Under
emergency situations when watering could not be carried out through irrigation
system, plants should be irrigated with water tanker using hosepipe fitted with fine
spray heads and under controlled pressure. Watering should not adversely affect the
plant or ground conditions. i.e. If pressure is too high or shower nozzles absent or
water temperature is too high.
For palms, trees and shrubs a circular watering basin slightly larger than the planting
hole shall be formed. Immediately after planting, all plants shall be thoroughly watered
in. Ensure that soil from the watering basin does not migrate so as to cover the root
ball top or around the collar of the plant as this can cause damage or death of the plant.
Levelling and cleaning
After planting, the area surrounding the plant shall be restored to 25mm below finish.
Excess soils and rubbish shall be disposed of properly and final layer of mulch shall be
applied.
Pruning
Immediately after planting, all plants are to be pruned in accordance with accepted
horticultural practices or as directed by the Engineer. Pruning shall consist of carefully
cutting back any damaged, dead or diseased branches and the removal of any weak or
malformed growth, with the aim of forming each type of stock to the standard shape
for its species.
The above horticultural care and arboriculture practices shall be applied to existing
trees retained within the project area. If requested, a method statement of proposed
arboricultural works to existing trees shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
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Identification
A plastic label clearly engraved with the species and variety shall be attached to each
plant or to each group of plants (1 tag/10 plants minimum). In some cases this may not
be required. Approval may be sought from the Engineer not to label particular plants.
Monitoring plants; check all plants one week after planting for signs of wind shake and
loosening due to soil subsidence. Do corrections as needed.
4.10
LAWN AREAS
A
1
Lawn grass areas are to be installed using either:

Sprigging (stolons)
Sodding (Laying rolled or rectangular turf)
Seeding.
Refer to the drawings for nomination of the selected method.
Before planting lawn areas the ground must be prepared. Soil must be mixed with
organic manure and fertilisers to enrich the planting medium. To retain soil moisture or
to adjust soil pH, peat moss may be required. It shall be added as per the Engineers
instructions. Planting medium after amendments should be within a pH range of 6.5 to
7.5.
The ground level should also be prepared in such a way to avoid any water logging,
surface run-off or soil erosion. Levels shall be graded toward drainage inlets or subsoil
drainage lines if available. Always form slopes away from buildings and structures.
Ensure the following before actual planting starts.
Prior to beginning planting operations the irrigation system must be completely

operational ensuring 100% coverage.
2.
Bring the water content of the area to attain field capacity by allowing water to
percolate until standing water disappears.
3.
Apply fertiliser quantities and kinds as approved by the Engineer.
4.
Cultivate to a depth of 300 mm.
5.
Level the ground to finish levels with suitable garden tools and machinery. All sticks,
stones larger than 10 mm diameter, weeds, debris and other extraneous material shall
be removed. Area shall be rolled and raked to true lines free from unsightly variations,
bumps, ridges or depressions.
For Sprigging (stolons) use Paspalum vaginatum grass stolons unless other is specified
by the Engineer.
Sprig Installation:
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1.
Keep dry dormant stolons refrigerated 0-3C, until the area to be planted is prepared.
Do not exceed two weeks of refrigeration. Soak stolons in water after removing from
cold storage and prior to planting.
2.
Do not exceed two days of storage on job site. Stolons are to be kept moist, shaded
and ventilated during such storage.
3.
Sow at 6 bushels (One Bushel = 36.5 litres) per 100 square Metres.
4.
Plant utilising a disc to cut in stolons and followed by culti-packer roller or other
technique approved by the Engineer.
5.
Water as necessary to keep the stolon bed moist until germination. Once grass is up
begin lengthening intervals between irrigation.
6.
Planting shall not occur when day temperature is extremely high or night temperature
is extremely low.
Sodding (Rolled or rectangular Turf)
Unless otherwise specified use Paspalum vaginatum turf sods. While selecting sods,
the following should be noted.
(a)
Sods must be healthy looking and not exhibiting any symptoms of prolonged
storage, yellowing or drying
(b)
Sods should preferably be of equal size.
(c)
Planting soil should be well adhered to the root system (not less than 50mm
thickness)
(d)
Sods must be free of weeds, pests and diseases
(e)
Sod planting soil should contain sufficient moisture at the time of delivery at
site
Transporting of sods must be in covered trucks on wooden pallets to avoid any

damage while in transit. Off loading from trucks at site must be done using proper
unloading machinery such as forklifts or by means of slings and supports.
Sods shall be laid on cultivated soil within 24 hours of stripping. From the point of
unloading, sods shall be taken to the actual location of its lay by the use of flat-bedded
wheelbarrows thus minimising potential damage what so ever. Careful handling is of
prime importance during laying. Under no circumstances sods should be thrown on the
ground. The sods shall be laid to form a solid mass with tightly fitted joints. The ends
of the sods shall be butted. Strips shall be staggered to offset joints in adjacent courses.
The lawn shall be tamped or rolled to ensure contact with the planting medium.
Planting medium shall be worked into minor spaces between pieces of sods and excess
planting medium be removed.
The perimeter of the lawn area shall be flagged off to stop foot traffic until after the
third mowing or as directed by the Engineer.
Immediately after laying, lawn shall be hand watered abundantly using water hose so
that water percolates down as quickly as possible to enable root mass to be in contact
with the planting medium. Watering should be continued in this manner for about a
week by which time rooting will have started. Care should be taken not to over water
5
6
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so as to cause water logging. Normal sprinkler irrigation programme shall be

commenced once root establishment is ensured.
H
Seeding
Grass seed to be used must be free from any kind of obnoxious weed seeds. It must be
true to its type with a minimum purity of 95% and germination rate of 80%. Analysis
certificate or test reports by the producer mentioning the purity and germination
percentage of grass seed, percentage of other grass seeds and weed seeds with names
and inert materials must be submitted. Each bag or packing must bear these details
besides the Common and Scientific name of the species and approval of the Engineer
must be obtained before using.
Seeding shall be spread over a fine levelled, cultivated soil bed by hand or mechanical
seeder.
After final levelling, work a hand rake mildly on soil surface to make shallow groves
for seeds to fall in which shall be later covered by irrigation water so that seeds shall
not be blown off by subsequent wind.
Since grass seed is very tiny and free flowing, it may be mixed with coarse sand up to
two times of its quantity to get a uniform sowing coverage while hand spreading. Half
of the specified rate shall be applied twice in perpendicular directions so as to achieve
an even seed distribution rate.
Following seeding, the bed shall be raked or harrowed or to cover the seed with soil to
a maximum depth of 25mm
Water shall be applied lightly and frequently until one week or 50% germination and
then gradually increase duration and period between watering until normal irrigation
programme is met.
Protection
The perimeter of seeded, sprigged or rolled turf areas shall be flagged off to restrain
foot traffic until after the second mowing (followed by complete grass coverage) or as
directed by the Engineer.
4.11
1
HEAVY MACHINERY
Heavy machinery, which would excessively consolidate the subsoil, shall not be used
during any operations nor shall heavy machinery be taken over on areas prepared for
planting or grassing.
PART 5 MAINTENANCE OF SOFT LANDSCAPE

5.01
SOFT LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
General
During the maintenance contract period the Contractor shall carry out maintenance of
the planting strictly in accordance with the Maintenance Manual approved by the
Engineer.
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The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all necessary measures to ensure
that the plant material thrives and in a healthy established status and that the landscape
areas are kept in a clean and tidy condition.
The extent of the landscape to be maintained by the Contractor shall be deemed to

cover and include all soft landscape areas and irrigation systems within the overall
project boundaries as shown on the drawings within that manual.
The Contractor shall provide all necessary measures and materials Fertilizers,
nutrients, soil, compos, manure, water, pesticides, mulching materials etc.)_to ensure
that all plants including ground covers are maintained green and in healthy condition,
The Soft Landscape Maintenance Contractor shall
Provide sufficient personal and equipment to perform all work in a professional manner
to the satisfaction of the Engineer and in keeping with generally accepted horticultural
practices and techniques.
Check each area daily and take remedial measures as necessary. Any changes to the
agreed maintenance regime need specific approval by the Engineer in writing. The cost
of which will be calculated from the schedule of rates in the contract.
Take responsibility for the Landscape maintenance and works and areas of site
implemented and shall take all necessary steps to co-ordinate his works with those of
other contractors.
If different contractors maintain soft landscape and irrigation systems, ensure that
failure of the work does not cause the failure of another Contractors works.
Co-ordinate with the Irrigation Maintenance Contractor, if different, to ensure the

planting areas are watered as necessary at an approved rate and time, preferably at
night, or early in the day (i.e. 12 pm to 10 am). In adequate or excessive irrigation
applications are to be avoided so that all plants receive optimum watering for plant
development.
In general the Contractor shall also
Monitor the automatic irrigation system assuring that all irrigation emitters/bubblers
are not clogged, broken or missing, and that all landscape planting areas are receiving
ample irrigation.
Verbally notify the Engineer and the Irrigation Contractor, if different, in the event of
irrigation malfunction and confirm in writing.
Monitor irrigation application by keeping soil moisture records on a daily basis for
each planting zone, as directed by the Engineer. A Tensiometer, with the probe placed
adjacent to the root zone in planted areas, shall be used to measure soil moisture. All
tests are to be executed prior to irrigation cycle starting. Testing requirements shall be
based on the irrigation needs and as determined by the Engineer.
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Notify the Engineer and Irrigation Contractor when additional water is required,
setting out times and application rates, to enable co-ordination of time clocks and
schedules.
Notify the Engineer in writing immediately if emergency hand irrigation is needed and,
if approved by the Engineer, shall water each plant by hand, either by using hose pipes
connected to the main irrigation / bore-hole system, if available, or by importing water.
While hand watering the contractor shall use hoses fitted with suitable hose end nozzle
attachments (e.g.: shower heads) to avoid damages to plants or soil surface. Ensure the
pressure is appropriate for this.
Notify the Engineer in writing immediately if any malicious damage to the works is
cause by others. i.e. vandalism or car accident damage. Where approved by the
Engineer, the Contractor shall submit a quotation to repair any damage and, if
instructed, carry out the repairs within 7 days of instruction where season allows.
Planting seasons shall be adhered to unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
Undertake all necessary maintenance operations necessary for healthy plant growth.
Qualification & Work Experience of Supervisors
The Contractor shall ensure that a senior qualified supervisor is made available for
organising and running the maintenance program. The contractor shall also have
available an experienced foreman who can supervise the workers on a day-to-day basis.
Qualification & Work Experience of Supervisor and Forman.
1.
The Supervisor shall be a graduate in Horticulture or Agricultural Science with

minimum 6-years exposure to landscape projects in the Middle East.
2.
The Foreman shall be a degree or diploma holder in Horticulture / Agriculture Science

with not less than 4 years of field experience in landscape projects.
3.
They should be able to recognise field problems and to carry out remedial measures
time to time.
4.
They must be able to organise the work force and manage works to keep the plants in
premium condition.
5.02
A
1
BASIC MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

General
The entire landscape area shall be kept weed and litter free. The disposal of unwanted
objects shall be made on a daily basis to keep the project area and surroundings clean
and presentable. The contractor has responsibility to maintain any fence or boundary in
a sound manner to protect the landscape area from stray animals and intrusions. Any
rodent burrows, rat holes, animal encroachments etc. should be repaired as it appears.
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Plant Nutrition
The contractor shall monitor under-nourishment of plant materials at all times including
anything that could affect the general health of plants or invite invading pests and
diseases. Some common deficiency symptoms are listed below for general guidance.
Element
Nitrogen
Deficiency symptoms exhibited

Pale green older leaves, stunted plant growth
Phosphorous
Poor root growth, Purplish discoloration of leaves
Potassium
Brown leaf edges, curled leaves, poor flowering
Calcium
Die-back of leaf tips, flower stalk dropping
Magnesium
Marginal or inter-veinal yellowing of older leaves
Sulphur
Yellowing of younger leaves and stunted growth
If symptoms appear, soil or tissue analysis shall have to be carried out by the
contractor before treatments or remedial measures are carried out.
C
1
Fertilisers
The most commonly used fertilisers are in granular, crystal or pelletized form. These
are applied to the soil, mixed well with soil and watered thoroughly. Fertilizers should
always be applied evenly over at a distance away from the stem.
Another method of applying the necessary plant nutrients is by the use of liquid feeds.
These have the advantage of reducing the risk of burning the plant when applied as per
manufacturer's instructions and the nutrients are immediately available, as the liquid is
easily absorbed.
Due to their lower concentrations used, liquid fertilizers are to be repeated frequently
according to plant needs.
Also fertilizers can be applied by foliar feeding. For enhancing efficiency, before foliar
fertilizer spraying, green foliage of plants shall be washed with clean water to remove
dust etc.
Compost / Organic Manure
Application shall be in moderate temperatures before the onset of summer and should
consist of a layer of approved compost or organic manure, being worked well into the
top 50 -100mm of the soil surface, taking care not to damage the roots around the base
of the plant. This will help to improve the structure of the soil allowing easy passage of
air and water to the root zone.
Trace elements
These are needed in small quantities to enhance healthy growth of plants in general.
Method Statement
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The Contractor shall follow the Method Statement approved by the Engineer for
carrying out any plant nutrition operations.
Maintenance Fertilising
A maintenance-fertilising schedule is illustrated below in tabulated form. These are

general recommendations required per annum. Specific recommendations shall have to
be followed depending on the soil analysis for each project or area. Time of
application, rate per application, quantity and methods shall be as per the approved
Method Statement for each project or as instructed by the Engineer.
Plant
Organic
Manure
/
Compost
Slow
Release
Organic
Nitrogenous Chelated
(Urea / Am. Micro
Sulphate)
Nutrient
Timing
Once
year
Measurement
Kg
As
Shown
As
Shown
Palm
(per palm)
10
2.5-3
Kg.
1 to 2 250-500
Kg.
twice
Trees
(per tree)
500 Gr.
Shrub
(per shrub)
2.5
Ground cover 5
(per m2)
a Once
year
N.P.K
+ T.E.
a Twice a
year
As shown
Soil
Conditioner
As shown
Per year
Grams
Kg
100-200
twice
0.5-1
Kg.
100-250 once 100-200

once
200-250
Gr
200250 Gr.
100-150
twice
0.5
100-200
Gr
100200 Gr
50
times
Grams
50-100
once
three 25-50
twice
0.25
Plant Protection
Plant protection includes insect, disease and weed control measures to keep plants in a
sound condition. This protection is mainly carried out by chemical application
measures. The chemicals selected shall be effective against specific target pests. For
concealed pests systemic chemicals shall be used. If satisfactory biological control
measures are available against any targeted pest, this should be preferred over a
chemical control.
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If herbicides are to be used, it shall be selective or non-selective, pre-emergent or post

emergent type depending upon the plants grown, weeds present, time of application,
place of application etc. The contractor shall use only recommended application
equipments & methods so that the weeds are killed without harming other plants.
The Contractor shall follow the Method Statement approved by the Engineer for
carrying out any plant protection measures. Storage and handling safety shall be the
sole responsibility of the Contractor, and all necessary safety requirements shall be in
accordance with the Manufacturers recommendations.
Maintenance works
During the maintenance period the contractor shall keep all plants in a clean and
healthy condition. He shall carry out the following:
5.03
Palm crown and fronds must be kept clean and tidy

Pruning of plants according to plant types and season
Stakes and ties maintenance and adjustments
Disease and pest control measures
Weed control measures
Rodent, reptile control
Fertiliser applications as needed and approved
Irrigation schedules
Plant basin maintenance
Topiary works
Trimming and Edging
Lawn mowing at correct intervals
Lawn aeration, dethatching etc.
Gap filling and weak plant replacements.
Removal of dead and diseased plants
Foliage washing
Mulch maintenance
SPECIFIC MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
General
The contractor shall follow Specific maintenance practices relevant to each project
considering the plant types, application time, and prevailing deficiency symptoms.
Details of such works shall be explained in the Weekly Schedule for the following
weeks works.
The Contractor must carry out the maintenance practices described below. These items
shall be read in conjunction with the Basic Maintenance Practices. It is the
responsibility of the contractor to carry out all such works to maintain healthy
presentable plants to the satisfaction and approval of the Engineer.
Replanting
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When replanting any plant it is essential to ensure both the planting soil and root ball
are moist but not saturated. A hole should be dug large enough as specified to easily
accommodate the root ball without crowding, and the depth should be such to ensure
that the plant is only settled as deeply as it was in the container. Remove any roots,
rocks or refuse from the hole. In cases where planting medium lost its quality due to
any unsuitable factors, it shall be removed and replaced with specified planting
medium.
Remove the plant from its container taking care not to disturb the root ball, any roots
which are too long or damaged should be removed. Then position the plant in the hole
in such a way that it is placed to best advantage for the onlooker.
If planting bare root plants, the stake should be placed before backfilling, carefully
threading it through the root system to avoid any damage. If using container grown
plants, the stake can be inserted after backfilling. When backfilling is completed firm
down soil and form a basin around the trunk, once planting completed, fill the basin
with water.
Replacement of Plants
The Contractor shall be responsible for replacing any plants that fail to survive during
maintenance period, whether as a result of inadequate maintenance operations, poor
workmanship or poor quality of plant material.
If during the course of the maintenance period trees or shrubs or other plants die
because of a fault by the Contractor, the Contractor shall replace the plant at no cost to
the Department. All questions related to responsibility for the replacement planting
will be subjected to site inspection and agreement by the Engineer.
The Final Completion Certificate will not be issued until all plants scheduled on the
Drawings and Schedule of Work are successfully maintained in a healthy condition in
the manner specified and as approved by the Engineer.
D
1
Soil Analysis
The contractor shall arrange analysis of soil samples from locations within the project
at every 6 monthly intervals during maintenance period or as directed by the Engineer.
The required number of samples shall be decided as instructed by the Engineer
depending on the soil adversity, size of the project and other planting features.
Test results must comply with the specified standards of ph levels of planting medium
and adequate plant nutrients. The contractor shall take necessary corrective measures if
it does not comply.
E
1
Site Cleaning
The Contractor shall keep the landscape areas clean and tidy at all times and dispose of
all waste materials arising from the cleaning. This shall include all pathways and hard
landscape areas within the scope of works. If any large items are dumped on the site
the contractor shall either remove or contact the owner or responsible authority to
remove the items as quickly as possible.
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Palms
Care of replacement palms

(a)
Six to eight weeks after planting, remove palm wrapping, separate fronds and
check for terminal bud growth. If terminal bud shows signs of growth leave
palm unwrapped to allow the heart to receive sunlight. If no sign of regrowth
is evident, it can be safely assumed that the palm had died and therefore
should be replaced.
Pruning & Cleaning

(a)
Phoenix dactylifera and Washingtonia filifera and most other palms, (If not
self cleaning) require the oldest fronds being removed in November, but
periodic removal of dead fronds should be carried out as and when necessary.
The fronds should be removed using a sharp disinfected saw cutting on the
underside of the petiole as close to the trunk as possible. To assist in the
cutting, the frond should be tensioned by pushing it upward.
(b)
Any dead, dry leaves or stalks hanging must be removed; Inflorescence must
be tied and kept clean. Pollination shall be carried out at right time with viable
pollens collected from healthy palms. Only workers experienced in pollination
techniques shall be engaged for this work. Excessive male inflorescence must
be cut and removed. Trunk shall be maintained with a uniform girth as the leaf
sheaths are to be cut clean.
(c)
After an established period of one growing season the Contractor shall clean
palms by having all bases of old fronds saw back close to stem at a downward
sloping angle, leaving no cavities which might harbor larval pests. Leaf axils
shall be periodically checked for inhabitance of rats or other reptiles and
control measures shall be taken urgently. Off shoots should be removed to
keep only the main single palm to give the best landscape appearance unless
other wise instructed by the Engineer.
Watering of Palms
(a)
The Contractor shall co-ordinate with the irrigation contractor to ensure that
the palms receive adequate amount of water as per application rates specified
unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Fertiliser application
(a)
The Contractor shall start the regular maintenance Fertiliser application

programme from 3 months after planting or as directed by the Engineer.
Approved granulated Fertiliser with micronutrients shall be applied at the
rates specified in the Method Statement approved by the Engineer prior to
usage. Also note the general maintenance fertiliser schedule table for
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guidance. Soil should be moist at the time of fertilizing and irrigation should
be followed immediately after fertilizing.
5
Pest and Disease Control:

(a)
The Contractor shall maintain proper controls by spraying at such frequencies

and in such amounts as to prevent insect and disease problems. The
Contractor shall carry out specific checks every month to identify any
causative organisms and treatments shall be target oriented.
(b)
Palms shall be inspected for signs of boreholes in their trunk. If these are
present both stem and head shall be treated twice with insecticide, in mid May
and again in mid June or as approved by the Engineer. Control measures shall
be timely addressed for major pests like Red Palm Weevil, Root Knot
Nematodes, Mealy Bugs, Fruit Stalk Borer, Termites etc.
(c)
Red Palm Weevil being the most dangerous pest of Date Palm has to be
controlled as per an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. IPM
involves use of suitable pesticides and Sex Aggregation Pheromone Traps.
Mating and Egg laying of adult insects usually takes place from November to
April during low temperature and high humidity. Pesticide sprays shall be
carried out before pest population multiply. Affected palms shall be
immediately removed and disposed from the site before infection spreads to
other palms.
(d)
Laying of bait or traps to control rodents shall be carried out in problematic

areas. All pest control measures shall be conducted as per the Method
Statement approved by the Engineer.
Maintaining Palm basins:
(a)
Maintain palm-planting basins by removing all debris and weeds. Care should
be taken to protect bubblers and other irrigation accessories while doing
cleaning works.
Trees and Shrubs
1.
Pruning
(a)
All plants, in general, shall be maintained in a well-pruned condition to

improve their appearance and to keep them healthy. Remove from time-totime dead, dry, diseased and broken branches. While pruning, care has to be
taken for using proper pruning tools so that ragged and split ends are avoided.
Cuts should always be made on a slant/angle so that they shed water easily.
Also locate the cut end just above a branch junction, bud or leaf node,
pointing in the direction that it is desired the new branch should grow. Stubs
of branches left beyond the bud will dieback to the bud, making entry of
disease easier.
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2.
(b)
For flowering trees and shrubs pruning should be carried out in a manner that
does not affect the forthcoming blossoms. The contractor has to adopt the
right pruning techniques to encourage foliage plants to develop dense
canopies and give the best appearance. Light pruning to shape a plant or
remove dead branches can be done all year round. However, heavy pruning
should be done during the dormant season (December-February) only when
leaves have fallen.
(c)
For topiary plants, shape and structure must represent an attractive figure. All
cuts shall be clean leaving no stubs. Cut ends shall be applied with a fungicide
to prevent entry of disease causing organisms.
Stakes & Tree ties

(a)
Stakes for all ornamental trees should be inspected on a monthly basis to

prevent girdling of trunks or branches, and to prevent rubbing that causes
bark wounds. Any lean from natural causes should re straighten. Stakes
loosened or broken shall be repaired or replaced using pressure treated 50mm
square stakes as specified. Similarly tree ties also shall be inspected at monthly
intervals. Loosen ties when necessary to avoid constricting the growth of
limbs and the trunk. Where necessary stakes and ties shall be replaced using
the equivalent material being removed. Tree stakes and supports should be
removed only once the plants are anchored strongly by its own root system
and the tree is capable of standing vertical and able to resist normal summer
high winds and winter storms.
(b)
At completion of the maintenance contract the Contractor shall obtain

approval from the Engineer to remove all stakes and ties, excepting those
trees requiring continued support.
Watering:
(a)
Fertiliser application:
(a)
The amount of water needed for healthy growth will vary depending on plant
size, wind and sun exposure, season and soil type. Therefore, an optimum
average water flow should be established for each season or major change in
weather as specified by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall start the regular maintenance fertiliser application

programme from 3 months after planting. The contractor shall refer to the list
of approved Fertilisers and micronutrients for any of his fertiliser programme.
These shall be applied at the rates specified in the Method Statement
approved by the Engineer.
Pest and Disease Control:

(a)
Maintain proper controls by spraying at such frequencies and in such amounts

as to prevent insect and disease problems on trees and shrubs. He shall
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undertake timely control measures preventing sap-sucking, leaf-eating and

stem-boring type insects.
(b)
Sap-sucking pests include aphids, scale insects, mealy bugs, thrips, and leaf or
tree hoppers. Aphids, are carriers of virus diseases, and some like scale
insects, leaf hoppers and aphids, secrete a sticky substance on stems and
branches which induces growth of a disfiguring black fungus called sooty
mould. Tiny dark thrips suck plant sap to cause malformation of leaves and
flowers with white streaks and marks that are particularly noticeable on darker
blooms; and phyllids or leaf miners cause swellings or discolored patches on
leaf surfaces or distortion of whole leaf.
(c)
Leaf diseases, fungal, bacterial and viral, can also be responsible for
abnormities of the leaves of trees. Powdery mildew is one of the most
common and coats leave with a white, ash-like deposit causing them to curl
and drop off. Whenever needed a contact, systemic or fumigant chemical shall
be used to control these insects and diseases. Control measures shall be
conducted as per the Method Statement approved by the Engineer.
Weed Control:
(a)
Control the weeds by removing all undesirable plant material around the base
of trees on a regular basis. For trees planted in grass areas approximately 80100 cm diameters should be maintained around the base of the tree free from
grass and other plant material especially when still staked or install HDPE
trunk guards if powered nylon string trimmers are used to clean the base of
the tree.
(b)
Trees in gravel and other planted areas should be kept clear of all undesirable
plant materials. The best method to maintain planting basins free from weeds
is to remove them by hand digging. Due to the tendency for the roots of most
shrubs to be near the surface, it is recommended that weeds in close vicinity
of the plants stem i.e. approximately 50cm are removed by hand and not dug
out. Chemicals can be used only in places away from other plants.
Ground covers
Trimming and Edging

(a)
The growth pattern of ground cover should be maintained in such a way that
within the same type, canopy level should be equally maintained without
growth differences unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. The top
growth should be cut back to promote lower growth and horizontal growth.
Edging should be carried out when plants have reached the edge of boundary.
All pruning should be carried out using hand shears or a powered edge
trimmer. After cutting, all clippings should be removed immediately to avoid
any problems of disease transmission from the dead leaves.
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Fertiliser application
(a)
The contractor shall apply fertilisers as per the approved Method Statement,
which is subjected to review every 3 months depending upon the season,
health of plants, horticultural practices and after the soil test reports.
Pest and disease control:

(a)
The contractor shall undertake control measures as per the approved Method
Statement, which is subjected to revisions monthly according to pest and
disease problems. The contractor shall gain approval from the Engineer before
every chemical application and it shall be done in strict accordance with the
Manufacturers instructions.
Weed control
(a)
Only hand weeding shall be permitted in order to avoid chemical injury to

ground covers. It is not easy to isolate weeds growing within a ground cover
area. If a weed needs chemical control measures, the contractor shall use a
selective chemical that kills only the weed without harming the ground covers.
Climbers & Vines
Pruning
(a)
The amount of water needed for healthy growth will vary dependent on size,
wind and sun exposure, growth rate and soil type. Therefore an optimum
average water flow must be established for each season, or a major change in
the weather.
Fertilising
(a)
Pruning should start whilst the plant is small, so it will grow gradually and
increase evenly in size. Pruning of vines and climbers helps to maintain shape
as well as induce vigor to plants. All pruning cuts should be neat and clean
and made 1 cm above a well-developed healthy bud or sound out wards
growing side shoot, at an angle of about 45 degrees to the growing point.
Light pruning to shape a plant or remove dead twigs can be done all year,
whereas heavy pruning is best done in the dormant season. Vines should be
pruned so that stems are generally of equal length to help avoid them going
"leggy". Pruning just above outward-pointing branches will also help to train
them to spread laterally.
Watering
(a)
Fertiliser shall be applied as per the approved Method Statement
Tying
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(a)
5.
Vines should be tied and trained to grow along the walls and against trellis
work, using expandable wire reinforced plastic ribbon twine. The material
should not harm the twigs or branches on tying or require supports or stakes.
The contractor shall obtain prior approval of the Engineer for this material.
Weed Control:
(a)
Weed control should consist of removing all undesirable plant material around
the plants. The best method is hand weeding, although herbicides can be used
cautiously to avoid any injury to plants. Their use is not recommended due to
the risk of damage to the climber or vine. Regularly cultivating the soil surface
to a depth of 50 mm can prevent weeds from establishing.
Lawn Areas
(a)
The contractor shall carry out all maintenance practices in a systematic

manner so as to give the best conditions of lawn. In areas of extreme trespass
or movement of people, extra management care shall be required. Such areas
should be brought under frequent aeration using proper aerating equipments
to break down the hard soil pan formed by trespassing. Care should also be
taken to replant dead spots as it is appears. To achieve a healthy lawn the
contractor shall undertake the following maintenance operations.
1.
Mowing:
To exhibit attractive lush growth the frequency of mowing shall be
determined by the grass variety grown, climatic conditions and other
microclimatic factors. Mowing frequency shall vary from twice weekly
to once fortnightly in summer and cooler months respectively
depending upon the speed of growth and species or as per the need
according to growing conditions. Grass shall be mowed at a height of
25 mm generally, but not less than 1/3rd of total length of grass blade as
this can cause physiological shock. Under no circumstances shall grass
be mowed immediately after irrigation or a rain. Mowing shall be
followed at right angles to previous cutting direction. Machinery for
mowing (a mechanized mower) shall be fitted with grass collecting
boxes. Equipment shall be in optimum operating condition prior to use.
Faulty or un- serviced equipment is not accepted for use. Cutting blades
of mower should be inspected before each cutting and should be
sharpened if required. Any broken or bent blades shall be replaced
immediately. Spillage of clippings should be manually removed
immediately after mowing before next irrigation. The Contractor shall
alternatively use a modern mower that can cut grass in to fine pieces
and spread grass clippings on the land. In such case care shall be taken
not to delay between mowing.
2.
Trimming & Edging:

Trimming grass against the base of walls, fences, curbstones and in
places where access for mowers is not possible shall be done regularly
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by hand with grass shears or with a powered nylon string trimmer.

Edging, that refers to the cutting of horizontal growing grass against
pavements, flower beds, plant basins etc. shall be best carried out using
a motorized edging machine or long handled shears. Edging and
trimming should be practiced at a frequency of not less than once a
week during summer months (March-October) and as required during
dormant winter months (November-February).
3.
Irrigation:
The Contractor shall ensure that the grass be given sufficient amount of
water through the irrigation system to maintain the grass in a green
healthy condition. Necessary changes in rate of watering during
different months of year shall be in accordance with the instruction of
the Engineer. For maximum effect to be gained, watering should be
carried out in early mornings, to avoid excessive moisture loss due to
evaporation. The Contractor shall follow the Irrigation Manual to get
guidance for irrigation rates and methodology.
4.
Fertiliser application:
For best results fertilisers should be applied to the grass while ground is
dry and followed by thorough watering after application, to reduce the
risk of scorching. Fertiliser can be applied either using applicators,
which can be tractor mounted for large areas or broadcast by hand in
small areas. Whichever method of application is used, it is important to
obtain a good even coverage to avoid 'patching' in the grass. The
fertiliser should be applied at half rate in two directions at right angles
to each other to ensure a complete spread. Prior to fertiliser application,
the contractor shall obtain approval of the Engineer for the Method
Statement and follow the rates and types of fertilisers set out therein.
5.
Weed Control:
Troublesome weeds coming up in lawn area can be controlled either by
manual removal or by using suitable selective herbicide. While using
herbicides care must be taken to choose the right chemicals, as nonselective herbicides shall kill the lawn grass. The contractor shall obtain
the approval of the Engineer after submitting the literature of the
product and by doing test applications. Broadleaf herbicides should be
applied whilst the target weed is actively growing and are best applied
late in the day to avoid excessive evaporation that would prevent the
plant from absorbing sufficient chemical. If broadleaf weed infestation is
severe, it may be necessary for several applications at approximately
two-week intervals to achieve acceptable control. Herbicides can be
applied using powered spraying machines or a knapsack sprayer. When
using any chemical it is important to follow the manufacturers
instructions.
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6.
Dethatching:
Thatch is the build up of dead-looking material, old grass and stolons
between the soil surface and the leaf blades. Dethatching is the process
of removing this to allow proper penetration of water, fertiliser and air
to the soil surface and root zone. The contractor has to dethatch the
lawn once a year or as necessary during the active growing period of
lawn. Proper equipments are to be used. After dethatching, all dead
materials shall be removed manually or with a mower having box
collectors. Follow fertiliser and irrigation application immediately.
7.
Aerating:
Contractor has to undertake aeration of lawn area as to break down the
hard pan of topsoil yearly once or twice, or as instructed by the
Engineer. Proper aerating tools should be used that shall remove small
cores of earth, thus allowing water, fertiliser and air through the soil
surface down to the root zone. Aeration shall be carried out more
frequently for playgrounds or heavily trafficked areas, or as instructed
by the Engineer.
8.
Gap filling & Patch works:

The contractor shall repair dry or damaged patches or gaps in lawn area
with the same variety grass during a suitable season. An appropriate
planting method shall be followed to undertake this work in accordance
with Document 2900 Landscape Soft works.
9.
Topdressing:
Topdressing is the application of fine planting soil to lawn areas to
remove minor hollows, settlement or unevenness of damaged areas.
The lawn shall be cut prior to top dressing. Do not fully cover the grass
blades; prevent smothering by raking to work soil down to ground
level. Top dressing may be carried out in several stages for more
uneven areas. Topdressing should be undertaken in the dormant period
prior to summer. Apply fertiliser after levels are obtained and irrigate
the area.
10.
Manure Topping:
Top dressing with manure shall also be practiced as per the
maintenance application Fertiliser, section 2.09 or as per the
approved Method Statement. When using manure care must be taken
to use well-decomposed manure in powder form free from lumps or
other impurities. Manure shall be applied during moderate weather
conditions and either hand spread or using a manure spreader for large
lawn areas. On no occasion should manure be allowed to fall in heaps
on lawn surface. Manure application shall be avoided immediately
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before dethatching or mowing. The best time is just after mowing

before first irrigation. Lawn area shall be thoroughly watered after
manure spreading. Always keep the ground moist until the manure
particles are properly incorporated with soil.
5.04
SUBMISSION OF REPORTS
A.
Operations and Maintenance Schedule:
Within 7 days of accepting the contract, the contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
approval a comprehensive Operations and Maintenance Schedule that includes
methodology for addressing all horticultural and other issues explained in this section.
This shall include any other aspects the contractor determines appropriate for the
betterment of maintenance of landscape.
The schedule shall be broken into sectors covering the site. The sectors shall not
exceed 4000 m2 or as determined by the Engineer and the boundaries shall be
established by clear and obvious changes in landscape type treatment or topography.
Daily Records:
The contractor shall keep records of daily operations done in relation to maintenance
works. He shall include activities and procedures carried out on a day-to-day basis and
submit the same along with the Monthly Report of corresponding month. (See below)
Weekly Maintenance Schedule:
The Contractors Site Supervisor/Foreman shall inspect the site at least once per week
during the maintenance period and shall prepare a brief schedule of operations required
for the coming week. The format for the schedule of operations will cover each sector
of the site as mentioned above.
The schedule shall describe the operations the contractor intends to carry out in the
coming week to cover the items listed in the specification and to ensure that the
current weather conditions and growing performance, insect attack, etc. is taken into
account.
A copy of this schedule is to be submitted to the Engineer every week so that a running
record of proposed operations can be checked at the maintenance inspections each
month.
Monthly Maintenance Schedule:
The contractor shall prepare a Monthly Maintenance Schedule forecasting the required
maintenance operations for the coming month. This should be submitted for approval
to the Engineer before the 25th of the preceding month.
Maintenance activities shall not be limited to those listed in this Schedule and
submission or approval of this schedule in no way relieves the contractor from the
10-7411-Volume 2
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Soft Landscape Maintenance Manual

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SECTION 02900

The supply, installation and replacements of specified planting material (plants),

The supply, installation and replacement of associated ancillary horticultural

Maintenance of a clean and healthy surroundings and environment.

Maintenance of safety of working personnel

Nursery stock Specifications for trees and shrubs

Nursery stock Specification for bedding plants

Nursery stock Specification for bulbs, corms & tubers

Nursery stock Specification for Ground Cover plants

Recommendations for tree work

Transplanting root-balled trees

Code for general landscape operations

Quality management systems

Div 02: Section 02900