Joanna Grace M.

Sabino
BAH-301

Module I. Foundations of Research Methods

I. Objectives
1. Explain the essence of research
The purpose of research is to inform action. Thus, your study should seek to
contextualize its findings within the larger body of research. Research must always be
high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable outside of the research
setting with implications that go beyond the group that has participated in the research.
Furthermore, the results of your study should have implications for policy and project
implementation.
Research can be a way of life; it is the basis for many of the important decisions
in our lives. Without it, we are deluged with information, subjected to the claims of
advertisers, or influenced by hearsay in making sense of the world around us. This
informal, experiential research helps us decipher the flood of information we encounter
daily.
2. Define the critical components in conducting research

Background of the study- which establish the area of research in which your work
belongs, and to provide a context for research problem. Provides information to
the research topic.

Statement of the problem- question that you wish to seek answer for. The
question needs to be solved by the research.

Objectives of the study- states what your research hopes to accomplish

Significance of the study- importance of the research and contributions will give
to the field

Limitation of the study- states the scope of your study which is not included.

Definition of terms- concepts or terms that use should be define and explained
unless they are familiar or obvious.

Literature Review- shows that you have the theoretical knowledge in your chosen
research area.

Methodology- describe data that you will use in the research, kinds of data
collected, research procedure etc.

II. Contents
A. Nature and Types/Kinds
Applied research is research designed to solve a particular problem in a particular
circumstance, such as determining the cause of low morale in a given department of an
organization.
Basic research is designed to understand the underlying principles behind human
behavior. For example, you might try to understand what motivates people to work hard
at their jobs.
Empirical research is which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence.
Exploratory research is research into the unknown. It is used when you are
investigating something but really don't understand it all, or are not completely sure
what you are looking for. It's sort of like a journalist whose curiousity is peaked by
something and just starts looking into something without really knowing what they're
looking for.
Confirmatory research is which tests theories and proposes solutions to a problem or
question and where you have a pretty good idea what's going on.
Quantitative research studies measure variables with some precision using numeric
scales. For example, you might measure a person's height and weight. Or you might
construct a survey in which you measure how much respondents like President Clinton,
using a 1 to 10 scale.
Qualitative research studies are based on direct observation of behavior or on
transcripts of unstructured interviews with informants. For example, you might talk to ten
female executives about their decision-making process behind their choice to have
children or not, and if so, when. You might interview them for several hours, taperecording the whole thing, and then transcribe the recordings to written text, and then
analyze the text.

B. Nature, Sources and Characteristics of a Problem

a.) How to formulate research problem
1. Specify the Research Objectives
A clear statement of objectives will help you develop effective research.
It will help the decision makers evaluate your project. Its critical that you have
manageable objectives. (Two or three clear goals will help to keep your research project
focused and relevant.)
2. Review the Environment or Context of the Research Problem
As a marketing researcher, you must work closely with your team. This will help you
determine whether the findings of your project will produce enough information to be
worth the cost. In order to do this, you have to identify the environmental variables that
will affect the research project.
3. Explore the Nature of the Problem
Research problems range from simple to complex, depending on the number of
variables and the nature of their relationships. To help you understand all dimensions,
you might want to consider focus groups of consumers, sales people, managers, or
professionals to provide what is sometimes much needed insight.
4. Define the Variable Relationships

Determining which variables affect the solution to the problem.

Determining the degree to which each variable can be controlled.

Determining the functional relationships between the variables and which

variables are critical to the solution of the problem.

5. The Consequences of Alternative Courses of Action

There are always consequences to any course of action. Anticipating and
communicating the possible outcomes of various courses of action is a primary
responsibility in the research process.
b.) Sources of the problem

1. Casual observation
a. The relationships between the cognitive and affective realms
b. The effect of positive and negative reinforcement
2. Deductions from theory
a. Use of math manipulatives
b. Learning and instructional style congruence
3. Related literature
a. The use of math manipulatives in secondary schools
b. The comparison of state and national dropout profiles
4. Current social and political issues
a. Gender and race equity
b. Inclusion policies
5. Practical situations
a. Evaluating a specific instructional program
b. Evaluating a specific school restructuring effort
6. Personal interests and experience
a. Teaching statistics from an applied perspective
b. Effectiveness of non-threatening classroom assessments
7. Replication of previous studies
a. Checking the findings of a major study
b. Checking the validity of research findings with different subjects
c. Checking trends or changes over time
d. Checking important findings using different methodologies

8. Clarification of contradictory research results

c.) General characteristics

Implies the possibility of empirical investigation

Identifies a need for the research
Provides focus
Provides a concise overview of the research

C. Parts of the research proposal

TITLE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

LITERATURE REVIEW

DELIMITATIONS & LIMITATIONS

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

References
http://www.uniteforsight.org/research-methodology/module6
https://www.umuc.edu/writingcenter/onlineguide/tutorial/chapter4/ch4-01.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research
http://www.analytictech.com/mb313/kinds_of_research.htm

https://www.qualtrics.com/blog/research-problem/
http://wps.ablongman.com/ab_mcmillan_edresearch_4/16/4150/1062474.cw/
http://vickyjohnson.altervista.org/ResearchParts.htm
http://www.restore.ac.uk/mrp/services/ldc/mrp/resources/resproskills/comprespro.shtml
RESEARCH METHODS
Module I. Foundations of Research Methods
I. Objectives:
1. Explain the essence of research
2. Define the critical components in conducting research
3. Apply APA format
4. Write Title Proposal
II. Contents
A. Nature and Types/Kinds
B. Nature, Sources and Characteristics of a Problem
C. Parts of the research proposal
D. APA format
E. CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background
1. Parts
2. Problem
- Nature, Characteristics, and Limitations
-Formulation
- Statement of the Problem
F. Hypothesis and Assumption
G. Variables
- Nature, characteristics and limitations
H. Titling (cover page)
I. Frameworks
- Conceptual, Process
Module II. Writing Part II Review of Related Literature and Studies (RRL)
A. Nature, Format and Parts
B. Collation of materials
1. Process
2. Consideration of interest, proposed problem, and variables
3. Writing of References/Bibliography
- Restrictions and Conditions

Module III. Part III Methods of Research

A. Review of the different type/kinds of Researches
1. Historical
2. Descriptive
3. Experimental
4. Ex-post Facto (Causal-Comparative)
5. Participatory
B. Functions and Sub-types
C. Process
D. Statistical Treatments