Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1. TEMA........................................................................................................... 1
2. MARCO TEORICO........................................................................................ 1
3. CONCLUSIONES.......................................................................................... 1
4. ANEXOS....................................................................................................... 1
1. TEMA
DETERMINACIN DEL CICLO TERMICO DE SODADURA
2. OBJETIVOS
Calcular el ciclo trmico de soldadura de los materiales acero
AISI 1060, AISI 1045, Aluminio, mediante las temperaturas en
funcin de los radios con sus respectivas grficas.
3. CALCULOS Y RESULTADOS
3.1.
Determinar el ciclo trmico de soldadura, realizar la graficas
T-t del proceso de soldadura resultante de realizar la siguiente
junta soldada.
Datos:
Material Acero 1045
Electrodo E6011 de 1/8
I= 105 A
v= 4 mm/s
To=200C
e=6 mm
V=28 V
Proceso SMAW
n=0,8
Acero al carbono
K=41
=9,1x10^-6
cp=4,5x10^-6
Solucin:
q n VI
=
v
v
q 0,8(28)(105)
=
v
0,004
q
=588000 s / m
v
q
v
1
1
d'=
+
2 cp 773 1073
1
2
588000
1
1
d=
+
6
773473 1073473
24,5 x 10
'
)]
1
2
d ' =0,001807 m
d ' =18,07 mm
d'> e
18,07 mm>6 mm Placa fina
T =+
q
v
d ( 4 k cpt )
1
2
r
4 t
+Fe
p
1502,78
1493
1439,38
783,13
723
T (K)
ZONAS
Zonna Compuesta
1775,78
Zona parcialmente
fundida
1766
1712,38
ZAT
1056,13
996 Metal base no fundido
t(s)
T(K)
r3
r4
r5
0,0042500 0,00874 0,0099
1
1
1
473,00
473,00 473,00
473,00
473,00 473,00
473,00
473,00 473,00
0,009
0,01
0,03
0,07
0,09
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,9
1
3
7
9
10
30
70
90
100
300
700
900
1000
3000
7000
9000
Max
473,00
473,00
473,00
485,55
519,08
545,01
1304,11
1753,35
1775,27
1771,68
1484,63
1194,44
1118,39
1088,33
839,06
714,71
686,47
675,61
590,33
549,88
540,81
537,33
510,15
497,32
494,45
1775,27
473,00
473,00
473,00
484,48
515,99
540,66
1287,00
1741,98
1766,27
1763,60
1482,53
1193,79
1117,94
1087,95
838,99
714,68
686,45
675,60
590,33
549,88
540,81
537,33
510,15
497,32
494,45
1766,27
473,00
473,00
473,00
479,42
500,35
518,03
1183,73
1670,31
1709,08
1712,12
1468,92
1189,62
1115,03
1085,45
838,49
714,54
686,36
675,52
590,31
549,87
540,81
537,33
510,15
497,32
494,45
1712,12
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
476,40
594,28
681,26
722,47
1056,71
1042,96
1010,29
994,75
819,48
709,08
682,59
672,30
589,69
549,70
540,68
537,23
510,13
497,32
494,45
1056,71
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,00
473,46
524,54
580,05
610,05
951,06
996,22
975,70
964,42
812,63
707,06
681,20
671,11
589,45
549,63
540,64
537,19
510,13
497,32
494,45
996,22
t(s)
0,001
0,003
0,007
0,009
0,01
0,03
0,07
0,09
0,1
4
r1
r2
0,00404 0,0040719
4
9
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
200,00
212,55
211,48
246,08
242,99
272,01
267,66
T(C)
r3
r4
r5
0,0042500 0,00874 0,0099
1
1
1
200,00
200,00 200,00
200,00
200,00 200,00
200,00
200,00 200,00
200,00
200,00 200,00
200,00
200,00 200,00
200,00
200,00 200,00
206,42
200,00 200,00
227,35
200,00 200,00
245,03
200,00 200,00
0,3
0,7
0,9
1
3
7
9
10
30
70
90
100
300
700
900
1000
3000
7000
9000
Max
1031,11
1480,35
1502,27
1498,68
1211,63
921,44
845,39
815,33
566,06
441,71
413,47
402,61
317,33
276,88
267,81
264,33
237,15
224,32
221,45
1502,27
1014,00
1468,98
1493,27
1490,60
1209,53
920,79
844,94
814,95
565,99
441,68
413,45
402,60
317,33
276,88
267,81
264,33
237,15
224,32
221,45
1493,27
910,73
1397,31
1436,08
1439,12
1195,92
916,62
842,03
812,45
565,49
441,54
413,36
402,52
317,31
276,87
267,81
264,33
237,15
224,32
221,45
1439,12
203,40
321,28
408,26
449,47
783,71
769,96
737,29
721,75
546,48
436,08
409,59
399,30
316,69
276,70
267,68
264,23
237,13
224,32
221,45
783,71
200,46
251,54
307,05
337,05
678,06
723,22
702,70
691,42
539,63
434,06
408,20
398,11
316,45
276,63
267,64
264,19
237,13
224,32
221,45
723,22
1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
0
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
1
8
3.2mm
q n .Vo . I (0.8)(28)(120)
=
=
=672000
v
V
4103
q
1
1
+
2 Pc 773673 1073673
1 /2
))
672000
1
1
+
6
2( 4.510 ) 773673 1073673
0.030 m
1000 mm
=30 mm
1m
e>
( )
1/ 2
))
723 101
x 105
1=x=751.6 C 1024 K
723 101
x 197
2=x=1410.2 C 1683.2 K
723 101
x 206
3=x =1474.6 C 1747.6 K
To
q/v
d
k
cp
673
672000
0,006
41
450000
0
0,00000
91
FASES
k
J/m
m
T C
T K
ZONAS
zona compuesta
LIQUIDO
LIQUIDO +
AUSTENITA
AUSTENITA
ALFA+AUSTENITA
PERLITA
zona parcialmente
fundida
1474,6
1410,2
751,6
1747,6
1683,2
1024
723
996
ZAT
ZAT
metal base no fundido
k
t (s)
0,001
0,003
0,007
0,009
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,9
1
3
7
9
10
30
70
80
100
300
700
800
1000
3000
7000
11
r1
0,0053
673
673
673
673
676,277
156
997,350
564
1596,28
192
1713,27
167
1748,23
32
1711,36
456
1460,39
431
1384,63
698
1353,93
118
1086,88
852
947,965
412
930,561
24
903,814
602
806,948
153
760,818
628
755,158
124
746,498
637
715,456
292
700,798
253
T(K)
r2
r3
0,0056
0,0164
673 673
673
673
673
673
673
674,334
714
673
913,424
333
673
1485,09 673,072
066
485
1614,45 673,667
889
267
1655,86 674,438
03
601
1680,73 787,418
475
376
1450,35 978,973
481
195
1377,56 1014,17
97
234
1347,84 1024,35
205
57
1085,65 1004,96
111
934
947,612 923,165
795
363
930,272 910,116
207
065
903,607 889,036
364
761
806,908 804,026
053
213
760,807 759,992
359
449
755,148 754,481
9
415
746,492 746,013
035
93
715,455 715,362
021
757
700,797 700,771
896
99
r4
0,006
673
673
673
673
673,373
112
830,203
485
1349,90
25
1490,13
901
1538,24
065
1638,81
648
1436,32
845
1367,66
181
1339,29
515
1083,90
162
947,113
222
929,862
636
903,313
621
806,851
172
760,791
372
755,135
812
746,482
669
715,453
218
700,797
39
r5
0,007
673
673
673
673
673,010
494
720,807
775
1079,41
551
1222,50
89
1278,40
754
1530,42
916
1398,36
378
1340,63
839
1315,92
119
1079,03
944
945,718
391
928,718
602
902,492
624
806,691
937
760,746
597
755,099
157
746,456
432
715,448
164
700,795
972
10000
MAX
DIAGRAMA T-t
2000
1800
1600
1400
r1
1200
r2
1000
r3
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0,3
0,7
0,9
1
3
7
9
10
30
70
80
100
300
700
800
100
0
300
0
700
0
100
00
724,2640
67
1323,176
39
1440,179
19
1475,147
17
1438,336
87
1187,385
31
1111,630
65
1080,925
74
813,8874
15
674,9650
98
657,5609
82
630,8144
17
533,9481
18
487,8186
18
482,1581
16
473,4986
31
442,4562
91
427,7982
53
423,2584
56
640,4243
33
1212,090
66
1341,458
89
1382,860
3
1407,734
75
1177,354
81
1104,569
7
1074,842
05
812,6511
09
674,6127
95
657,2722
07
630,6073
64
533,9080
53
487,8073
59
482,1489
473,4920
35
442,4550
21
427,7978
96
423,2582
47
400
400,0724
85
400,6672
67
401,4386
01
514,4183
76
705,9731
95
741,1723
38
751,3556
97
731,9693
37
650,1653
63
637,1160
65
616,0367
61
531,0262
13
486,9924
49
481,4814
15
473,0139
3
442,3627
57
427,7719
9
423,2430
72
830,2034
85
1349,902
5
1490,139
01
1538,240
65
1638,816
48
1436,328
45
1367,661
81
1339,295
15
1083,901
62
947,1132
22
929,8626
36
903,3136
21
806,8511
72
760,7913
72
755,1358
12
746,4826
69
715,4532
18
700,7973
9
696,2579
51
720,8077
75
1079,415
51
1222,508
9
1278,407
54
1530,429
16
1398,363
78
1340,638
39
1315,921
19
1079,039
44
945,7183
91
928,7186
02
902,4926
24
806,6919
37
760,7465
97
755,0991
57
746,4564
32
715,4481
64
700,7959
72
696,2571
2
13
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
14
3.3
ALUMINIO
Espesor = 8mm
Electrodo GMAW MIG (1/8)
V= 4mm/seg
T= 20C
293 F
Ai (120 - 150) = A = 135
q n .Vo . I (0.705)(22)(135)
=
=
=523462.5
v
V
4103
q
1
1
+
2 Pc 773293 1073293
15
1 /2
))
523462.5
1
1
+
6
773293
1073293
2(2.710 )
0.01806 m
1 /2
))
1000 mm
=18 mm
1m
e<
e=8< ' =18
Tabla 1
Fuente:http://www.weldingwire.com/Images/Interior/documentlibrary/aluminu
m%20welding%20&%20brazing%20alloys.pdf
To
q/v
293
523462,
5
0,008
229
270000
d
k
cp
16
k
J/m
m
0
8,50E05
T (K)
k
r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
t (s)
0,0064
0,0056
0,0164
0,006
0,007
0,00
1
293
293 293
293
0,00
3
293
293
293
293
293
0,00 293,0002 293,0168
293,0023 293,0000
7
98
33
293
96
1
0,00 293,0120 293,2774
293,0609 293,0008
9
44
1
293
05
71
996,7973 1226,381 293,8618 1107,323 848,5976
0,1
95
66
31
54
9
1289,596 390,0451 1245,281 1131,339
0,3
1200,087
78
18
58
38
1039,976 1070,719 579,6177 1055,705 1015,166
0,7
28
08
83
21
28
977,4508 999,2619 617,9255 988,6344 959,7032
0,9
78
3
55
79
82
951,0762 969,9200 629,5686 960,7458 935,6988
1
81
83
53
09
39
704,7103 708,6031 622,2488 706,7170 701,4782
3
66
74
58
76
1
568,7833 569,8978 543,5922 569,3586 567,8533
7
45
79
69
27
76
537,1499 537,9169 519,6213 537,5459 536,5093
9
12
95
02
38
28
524,9311 525,5868 509,8896 525,2697 524,3834
10
58
8
55
16
14
427,9851 428,1122 425,0016 428,0508 427,8788
30
79
71
43
28
32
381,5715 381,6072 380,7271 381,5899 381,5416
70
32
62
7
91
2
375,8689 375,8981 375,1772 375,8840 375,8444
80
05
55
44
17
17
367,1425 367,1634 366,6470 367,1533 367,1249
100
27
62
5
42
98
335,8405 335,8446 335,7449 335,8426 335,8372
300
97
29
53
8
21
321,0521 321,0533 321,0253 321,0527 321,0512
700
9
21
32
74
42
800 319,2409 319,2419 319,2190 319,2414 319,2402
17
100
0
300
0
700
0
100
00
MAX
85
316,4713
58
306,5522
83
301,8722
55
300,4231
1200,087
11
316,4720
2
306,5524
1
301,8722
91
300,4231
21
01
316,4556
25
306,5492
54
301,8714
06
300,4226
02
64
316,4717
306,5523
49
301,8722
74
300,4231
11
1
316,4708
03
306,5521
76
301,8722
25
300,4230
82
DIAGRAMA T-t
1400
1200
1000
r1
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
0,00
9
800
100
0
300
0
700
0
100
00
20,01202
73
723,7094
9
927,0492
29
766,9629
48
704,4413
78
678,0680
61
431,7086
52
295,7828
53
264,1495
73
251,9308
68
154,9851
23
108,5715
16
102,8688
93
94,14251
74
62,84059
54
48,05218
94
46,24098
49
43,47135
73
33,55228
29
28,87225
53
27,42309
97
max
927,0492
29
0,1
0,3
0,7
0,9
1
3
7
9
10
30
70
80
100
300
700
20,27740
99
953,3816
65
1016,596
78
797,7190
8
726,2619
3
696,9200
83
435,6031
74
296,8978
79
264,9169
95
252,5868
8
155,1122
71
108,6072
62
102,8981
55
94,16346
18
62,84462
91
48,05332
13
46,24191
14
43,47202
03
33,55241
05
28,87229
11
27,42312
07
20
20,86183
06
117,0451
18
306,6177
83
344,9255
55
356,5686
53
349,2488
58
270,5922
69
246,6213
02
236,8896
55
152,0016
43
107,7271
7
102,1772
44
93,64705
01
62,74495
28
48,02533
2
46,21900
07
43,45562
49
33,54925
42
28,87140
55
27,42260
2
293,0609
05
1107,323
54
1245,281
58
1055,705
21
988,6344
79
960,7458
09
706,7170
76
569,3586
27
537,5459
38
525,2697
16
428,0508
28
381,5899
91
375,8840
17
367,1533
42
335,8426
8
321,0527
74
319,2414
64
316,4717
306,5523
49
301,8722
74
300,4231
11
293,0008
71
848,5976
9
1131,339
38
1015,166
28
959,7032
82
935,6988
39
701,4782
1
567,8533
76
536,5093
28
524,3834
14
427,8788
32
381,5416
2
375,8444
17
367,1249
98
335,8372
21
321,0512
42
319,2402
1
316,4708
03
306,5521
76
301,8722
25
300,4230
82
ALUMINIO C
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
5. ANEXOS
20
Proceso
SMAW
0.7 - 0.85
GTAW (argn)
0.22 - 0.48
GMAW (argn)
0.66 - 0.75
SAW
0.90 - 0.99
Tabla 9. Tabla para el valor de n.
Material
Calor
especfico
volumtrico
-3
Difusividad
trmica
Conductivida
d trmica
Temperatura
de fusin
a (m2 s-1)
k (J m-1 s-1 K1
)
(K)
229.0
933
-1
rcp(J m K )
Aluminio
2.7 x 106
8.510
10-5
Acero
al
carbono
4.5x 106
9.1 x 10-6
41.0
1800
Acero 9 %
Ni
3.2 x 106
1.1 x 10-5
35.2
1673
Acero
austentic
o
4.7 x 106
5.3 x 10-6
24.9
1773
Inconel
600
3.9 x 106
4.7 x 10-6
18.3
1673
Aleacin
de titanio
3.0 x 106
9.0 x 10-6
27.0
1923
Cobre
4.0 x 106
9.6 x 10-5
384.0
1336
Monel 400
4.4 x 106
8.0 x 10-6
35.2
1573
21