35 TX RX Diversity

RAN Feature Description
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity....................................................................................................... 35-1
35.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 35-1
35.1.1 Definition............................................................................................................. 35-1
35.1.2 Purposes............................................................................................................ 35-1
35.1.3 Terms and Abbreviations....................................................................................35-1
35.2 Availability..................................................................................................................... 35-2
35.2.1 Network Elements Required...............................................................................35-2
35.2.2 Software Release............................................................................................... 35-3
35.2.3 Miscellaneous..................................................................................................... 35-3
35.3 Impact........................................................................................................................... 35-4
35.3.1 On the System Performance..............................................................................35-4
35.3.2 On Other Features.............................................................................................. 35-4
35.4 Technical Description.................................................................................................... 35-4
35.4.1 TX/RX Diversity Configuration Model.................................................................35-4
35.4.2 RX Diversity Algorithms......................................................................................35-6
35.4.3 TX Diversity Algorithms.....................................................................................35-11
35.5 Capabilities................................................................................................................. 35-26
35.6 Implementation........................................................................................................... 35-27
35.6.1 Enabling TX/RX Diversity.................................................................................35-27
35.6.2 Reconfiguring TX/RX Diversity Parameters......................................................35-28
35.6.3 Disabling TX/RX diversity.................................................................................35-28
35.7 Maintenance Information.............................................................................................35-28
35.7.1 Alarms............................................................................................................... 35-28
35.7.2 Counters........................................................................................................... 35-28
35.8 References.................................................................................................................. 35-29
Huawei Technologies Proprietary

i
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 35-1 TX/RX Diversity configuration model (1)..........................................................35-5
Figure 35-2 TX/RX Diversity configuration model (2)..........................................................35-5
Figure 35-3 RX diversity implementation of one sector in BTS3812E...............................35-10
Figure 35-4 RX diversity implementation of one sector in DBS3800.................................35-11
Figure 35-5 TX diversity implementation of one sector in BTS3812E...............................35-20
Figure 35-6 TX diversity implementation of one sector in DBS3800.................................35-21
Figure 35-7 Structure of SCH transmitted in TSTD...........................................................35-21
Figure 35-8 STTD transmitter........................................................................................... 35-22
Figure 35-9 Transmitter and receiver in closed loop transmit diversity mode....................35-23

ii
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 35-1 NEs required for TX/RX diversity....................................................................35-3
Table 35-2 RAN products and related versions...................................................................35-3
Table 35-3 BTS3812E subrack information.........................................................................35-8
Table 35-4 DBS3800 subrack information...........................................................................35-9
Table 35-5 Application of TX diversity modes on downlink physical channel types...........35-11
Table 35-6 BTS3812E subrack information.......................................................................35-14
Table 35-7 BTS3812E board information..........................................................................35-15
Table 35-8 DBS3800 subrack information.........................................................................35-18

iii
Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

35.1 Introduction
35.1.1 Definition
Signals received on radio channels are combined multipath components that reach
the receiver. The signal from individual paths, if combined by the receiver, can combat
fading.
Diversity is a transmission technique that enables individual signals to be combined to
enhance system performance.
In the WCDMA system, diversity can be performed in two directions:
Receive diversity
Transmit diversity
Based on the number of antennas, receive diversity is of two types:
2-way receive diversity
4-way receive diversity
Based on the feedback, transmit diversity is of two types:
Open loop transmit diversity (without feedback)
Closed loop transmit diversity (with feedback)
Open loop transmit diversity can be further categorized into:
Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD)
Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD)
35.1.2 Purposes
Diversity can improve the performance of RX channels and lower the SIR
requirements for downlink signals and uplink signals.
35.1.3 Terms and Abbreviations

I. Terms
None.

1
II. Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
AICH
Acquisition Indicator Channel
CLD
Closed Loop Transmit Diversity
CLD1
Closed Loop Transmit Diversity Mode 1
DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel
DPCH
Dedicated Physical Channel
E-AGCH
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
E-DCH
Enhanced Dedicated Channel
E-HICH
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
E-RGCH
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
HS-PDSCH
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH
Shared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
MICH
MBMS Indicator Channel
PA
Power Amplifier
P-CCPCH
Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH
Page Indicator Channel
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
RNC
Radio Network Controller
RX Diversity
Receive Diversity
S-CCPCH
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH
Synchronization Channel
SIR
Signal-to-Interference Ratio
SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
STTD
Space Time Transmit Diversity
TSTD
Time Switched Transmit Diversity
TX Diversity
Transmit Diversity
2
Abbreviation
UE
Full Spelling
User Equipment
35.2 Availability
35.2.1 Network Elements Required
Table 1.1 shows the Network Elements (NEs) required for TX/RX diversity.
Table 1.1 NEs required for TX/RX diversity
UE
NodeB
RNC
MSC Server
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Note:
: not required
: required
35.2.2 Software Release

Table 1.1 describes the versions of RAN products that support TX/RX diversity.
Table 1.1 RAN products and related versions
Product
Version
RNC
BSC6800
V100R002 and later releases
NodeB
DBS3000
BTS3812A
BTS3812E

3
Note:
The RNC supports TSTD and STTD from V100R002 and it will support CLD mode
1 from V100R008.
Receive diversity is performed by only the NodeB to improve the performance of

RX channels. It does not involve RNC or UE.
35.2.3 Miscellaneous
RX diversity requires the NodeB to provide enough RF channels and demodulation
resources that can match the number of diversity antennas. It has no special
requirements for RNC or UE.
TX diversity requires the NodeB to provide RF channel resources two times those of
no TX diversity mode and to support STTD, TSTD, and CLD1. In TX diversity mode,
the UE must support diversity reception, STTD, TSTD, and CLD1. This diversity mode
has no special requirements for RNC.
35.3 Impact
35.3.1 On the System Performance
TX diversity can improve terminal performance in special circumstances, especially
where there is less valid multipath effect and the UE speed is low. In such a scenario,
capacity and coverage can be obviously improved and investment can be reduced
while the same QoS is guaranteed and the CAPEX and OPEX can be cut down by
operators.
Because there are different scenarios and motion velocities, TX diversity does not
have versatility to all users with performance improvement. Whole system gain may
be obvious. On the other hand, if different TX modes are set according to different cell
circumstances, the handover between cells in different TX modes is complicated. The
system may be decreased because of the complexity.
35.3.2 On Other Features

None.
35.4 Technical Description

35.4.1 TX/RX Diversity Configuration Model
The configuration model of TX/RX diversity is show in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2.

4
NodeB
CellClass
LOCELL.Class
SEC.Class
Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel1
Antenna Magnitude
Subrack No. of Antenna Channel1
Antenna Channel No.1
Cabinet No. of Power Amplifier1
Diversity Mode
Subrack No. of Power Amplifier1

Slot No. of Power Amplifier1
Figure 1.1 TX/RX Diversity configuration model (1)

RNC
RadioClass
NodeBRelatedClass
CELLSETUP.Class
STTD support indicator

CP1 support indicator
DPCH priority Tx diversity mode
Hspdsch priority Tx diversity
Closed loop time adjust mode indication
Closed loop time adjust mode
TX diversity ind
Figure 1.2 TX/RX Diversity configuration model (2)

5
35.4.2 RX Diversity Algorithms

I. Rake Receiver and Diversity Reception
A rake receiver is a radio receiver designed to counter the effects of multipath fading.
It does this by using several "sub-receivers" each delayed slightly in order to tune in
to the individual multipath components. Each component is decoded independently,
but at a later stage combined in order to make the most use of the different
transmission characteristics of each transmission path. This could very well result in
higher SNR (or Eb/No) in a multipath environment than in a "clean" environment.
Diversity reception refers to a technique of monitoring multiple frequencies from the
same signal source, or multiple radios and antennas monitoring the same frequency,
in order to combat signal fade and interference.
II. Implementation of Diversity Reception

Diversity reception is one way to enhance the reception performance of uplink
channels. It does not involve RNC or UE.
Huawei NodeBs support both RX diversity and no RX diversity. In RX diversity mode,
the NodeB can be configured with 2 antenna (2-way), 4 antennas (4-way), and 4
antennas for economical purpose (4-way economical) through the Antenna
Magnitude parameter. The only difference between 4-way and 4-way economical
modes is that in the latter mode signals on the random access channel are received
from two antennas, which ensures that the maximum coverage of 180 km is
achieved.
In RX diversity mode, the NodeB does not require additional devices and works with
the same algorithms. Compared with 1-way no RX diversity, 2-way RX diversity
requires twice the number of RX channels. Similarly, 4-way RX diversity requires
twice the number of RX channels compared with 2-way RX diversity. The number of
RX channels depends on the settings of the antenna connectors on the cabinet top.
If Antenna Magnitude is set to no RX diversity, configure only the Antenna

Channel No.1 parameter.
If Antenna Magnitude is set to 2-way RX diversity, configure the Antenna

Channel No.1 and Antenna Channel No.2 parameters.
If Antenna Magnitude is set to 4-way RX diversity, configure the Antenna

Channel No.1, Antenna Channel No.2, Antenna Channel No.3, and Antenna
Channel No.4 parameters, cabinet number (Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel1,
Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel2, Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel3, and
Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel4), and subrack number (Subrack No. of
Antenna Channel1, Subrack No. of Antenna Channel2, Subrack No. of
Antenna Channel3, and Subrack No. of Antenna Channel4).

6
Parameter Name
Antenna Magnitude
Parameter ID
ANTM
GUI Range
1, 2, 4
Physical Range & Unit
1, 2, 4
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD SEC
MOD SEC
Description:
This parameter defines the number of receiving antennas in a sector.

7
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Antenna Channel No.1

ANT1N
GUI Range
For the BTS3812E:

N0A (Cabinet No.0A Ant.), N0B (Cabinet No.0B Ant.),
R0A (RRU No. 0A Ant.), R0B (RRU No. 0B Ant.)
For the DBS3800:
R0A (RRU No. 0A Ant.), R0B (RRU No. 0B Ant.), R1A
(RRU No. 1A Ant.), R1B (RRU No. 1B Ant.)
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD SEC
MOD SEC
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered antenna connectors on the cabinet top that
are associated with receiving antenna 1 of a sector.

8
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT1CN
GUI Range
MASTER (master cabinet)
MASTER
Unit: none
Default Value
MASTER
Optional/Mandatory
Mandatory
MML Command
ADD SEC
MOD SEC
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered cabinet that is associated with receiving
antenna 1 of a sector.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT1SRN
GUI Range
For the BTS3812E, refer to Table 1.1.

For the DBS3800, refer to Table 1.2.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
BTS3812E: 3
DBS3800: None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD SEC
MOD SEC
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered subracks that are associated with receiving
antenna 1 of a sector.

9
Table 1.1 BTS3812E subrack information

Subrack No.
Subrack Type
Baseband Subrack (BB)
Fan Subrack (FAN)
Transmitting and Receiving Unit Subrack (TRU)
Antenna Filter Unit Subrack (AFU)
Extension Subrack (EXT)
20199
RRU Subrack (RRU)
Table 1.2 DBS3800 subrack information

Subrack No.
Subrack Type
03
BBU Subrack (BBU3806)
01
BBU Subrack (BBU3806C)
20199
RRU Subrack (RRU)
The parameters Antenna Channel No.2, Antenna Channel No.3, and Antenna
Channel No.4 are defined in a way similar to Antenna Channel No.1. They define
the numbered antenna connectors associated with receiving antenna 2, 3, and 4 of a
sector.
The parameters Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel2, Cabinet No. of Antenna
Channel3, and Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel4 are defined in a way similar to
Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel1. They define the numbered cabinet associated
with receiving antennas 2, 3, and 4 of a sector.
The parameters Subrack No. of Antenna Channel2, Subrack No. of Antenna
Channel3, and Subrack No. of Antenna Channel4 are defined in a way similar to
Subrack No. of Antenna Channel1. They define the numbered subracks associated
with receiving antennas 2, 3, and 4 of a sector.
All these parameters are optionally set.
The hardware configurations of 4-way Rx diversity per sector for different NodeB are
as show in Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3:

10
TX/RX0
RX1
F1
F2
F1
F2
RX2
RX3
F1
F2
F1
F2
ANT
ANT RX
ANT
ANT RX
RET
RET
MON_ANT
MON_ANT
COM/PWR
COM/PWR
RXA0
RXA0
RXA1
RXA1
RXB
RXB
TX
TX
MAFU0
MAFU1
COM
TX
MTRU0
COM
TX
RXA
RXA
RXB
RXB
BBIF0
BBIF0
BBIF1
BBIF1
PWR
PWR
MTRU1
Figure 1.2 RX diversity implementation of one sector in BTS3812E

11
F1
F2
DUP
H
P
A
F1
F2
F1
F2
RX filter
L
N
A
0
RX3
DUP
L
N
A
1
LNA1-IN
F1
F2
RX2
LNA0-OUT
RX1
LNA1-IN
TX/RX0
RX filter
L
N
A
0
H
P
A
MTRX
LNA0-OUT
L
N
A
1
MTRX
RRU0
RRU1
Figure 1.3 RX diversity implementation of one sector in DBS3800
35.4.3 TX Diversity Algorithms

There are several transmit diversity modes adopted in WCDMA 3GPP, which are
TSTD, STTD, and CLD1. TSTD and STTD are open loop transmit diversity, which do
not need feedback information compared with the closed loop diversity. Table 1.1
summarizes the possible application of open and closed loop transmit diversity
modes on different types of downlink physical channels.
Table 1.1 Application of TX diversity modes on downlink physical channel types
Physical Channel Type
Open Loop Mode

TSTD
Closed Loop Mode
STTD
Mode 1
P-CCPCH
SCH
S-CCPCH
DPCH
F-DPCH

12
Physical Channel Type
Open Loop Mode

TSTD
Closed Loop Mode
STTD
Mode 1
PICH
MICH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
E-HICH
AICH
Note:
X: applicable
: not applicable
If a cell works in TX diversity mode, the CPICH, PCCPCH, and SCH channels of the
cell must work in TX diversity mode too.
If a cell works in TX diversity mode, the TX diversity ind parameter is set on the
RNC and the Diversity Mode parameter is set on the NodeB.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
TX diversity ind
TXDIVERSITYIND
GUI Range
TRUE, FALSE
TRUE, FALSE
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the configuration of TX diversity on the downlink common
physical channels of a cell.

13
Configuration Rule and Restriction:

If the downlink common channels of a cell is configured on the RNC to support TX
diversity mode, ensure that the associated local cell of the NodeB supports TX
diversity.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Diversity Mode
DIVM
GUI Range
NO_TX_DIVERSITY (No Transmit Diversity),

TX_DIVERSITY (Transmit Diversity), HALFFREQ
(0.5/0.5 Mode)
NO_TX_DIVERSITY, TX_DIVERSITY, HALFFREQ

Unit: none
Default Value
NO_TX_DIVERSITY
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
ADD SEC
MOD SEC
Description:
This parameter defines the configuration of TX diversity in a sector.
When setting up the sectors of the NodeB, you can set only the Diversity Mode
parameter. The RF channels to be used are defined by the following parameters
when local cells are set up on the NodeB, either BTS3812E or DBS3800.
For the BTS3812E, configure the following parameters of the local cells.

14
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT1CN
GUI Range
MASTER
Unit: none
Default Value
MASTER
Optional/Mandatory
Mandatory
MML Command
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered cabinet associated with the PAs in the main
path when the sector works in no TX diversity or TX diversity mode.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT1SRN
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.2.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered subrack associated with the MTRU/RRU
PAs in the main path when the sector works in no TX diversity or TX diversity
mode.

15
Table 1.2 BTS3812E subrack information

Subrack No.
Subrack Type
Baseband Subrack (BB)
Fan Subrack (FAN)
Transmitting and Receiving Unit Subrack (TRU)
Antenna Filter Unit Subrack (AFU)
20199
RRU Subrack (RRU)
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

SN1
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.3.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered slots that are associated with the MTRU PAs
in the main path when the sector works in no TX diversity or TX diversity mode.
You do not need to define the slot number if the RRU is used.

16
Table 1.3 BTS3812E board information

Cabinet
Subrack
No.
No.
Slot No.
Board Type
0, 1
NBBI (NodeB Baseband Processing and

Interface Unit)
NBOI (NodeB Baseband Processing and

Optical Interface Unit)
HBBI
(NodeB
HSDPA
Baseband
Processing and Interface Unit)
HBOI
(NodeB
HSDPA
Baseband
Processing and Optical Interface Unit)

0
27
HULP (NodeB HSDPA Supported Uplink

Processing Unit)
8, 9
NDLP (NodeB Downlink Processing Unit)
HDLP
(NodeB
HSDPA
Supported
Downlink Processing Unit

0
10, 11
NMPT (NodeB Main Processing & Timing

Unit)
12, 13
NDTI (NodeB Digital Trunk Interface Unit)
NUTI
(NodeB
Universal
Transport
Interface Unit)
14
NAOI (NodeB ATM Optical Interface Unit
NUTI (NodeB Universal Transport Interface

Unit)
15
HBOI
(NodeB
HSDPA
Baseband
Processing and Optical Interface Unit)
NBOI (NodeB Baseband Processing and

Optical Interface Unit)
16
NMON (NodeB Monitor Unit)
NFAN (NodeB Fan Box)
05
MTRU (NodeB Multi-Carrier Transceiver Unit)
05
MAFU (NodeB Multi-Carrier Antenna Filter

Unit)
NEMU (NodeB Environment Monitoring Unit)

17
Cabinet
Subrack
No.
No.
Slot No.
Board Type
NGRU (NodeB GPS Receiver)
20199
MRRU (Remote Radio Unit)
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT2CN
GUI Range
MASTER (Master cabinet)
MASTER
Unit: none
Default Value
MASTER
Optional/Mandatory
Mandatory
MML Command
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered cabinet associated with the PAs in the
diversity path when the sector works in TX diversity mode.

18
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

ANT2SRN
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.2.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
PAs in the diversity path when the sector works in TX diversity mode.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

SN2
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.3.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered slots that are associated with the MTRU PAs
in the diversity path when the sector works in TX diversity mode. You do not need
to define the slot number if the RRU is used.
For the DBS3800, configure the following parameters of the local cells.

19
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

CN1
GUI Range
MASTER
Unit: none
Default Value
MASTER
Optional/Mandatory
Mandatory
MML Command
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered cabinet associated with the PAs in the main
path when the sector works in no TX diversity or TX diversity mode.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

SRN1
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.4.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
PAs in the main path when the sector works in no TX diversity or TX diversity
mode.

20
Table 1.4 DBS3800 subrack information

Subrack No.
Subrack type
03
BBU Subrack (BBU3806)
01
BBU Subrack (BBU3806C)
20199
RRU Subrack (RRU)
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

CN2
GUI Range
MASTER
Unit: none
Default Value
MASTER
Optional/Mandatory
Mandatory
MML Command
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
This parameter defines the numbered cabinet associated with the PAs in the
diversity path when the sector works in TX diversity mode.

21
Parameter Name
Parameter ID

SRN2
GUI Range
Refer to Table 1.4.
Same as above
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD LOCELL
MOD LOCELL
Description:
PAs in the diversity path when the sector works in TX diversity mode.
If a sector works in 2-way RX diversity mode and TX diversity is performed, you must
set up the following hardware connections:
If two pairs of MTRUs and MAFUs are used to implement TX diversity, you must
cross-connect them as follows:
RXA1 on MAFU0 connects to RXB on MTRU1.
RXA1 on MAFU1 connects to RXB on MTRU0.
RXBs on both MAFUs work in suspended state.
If two RRUs are used to implement TX diversity, jumpers for cross-connection

are required.

22
TX/RX0
RX1
F1
F2
F1
F2
ANT
ANT RX
ANT
ANT RX
RET
RET
MON_ANT
MON_ANT
COM/PWR
COM/PWR
RXA0
RXA0
RXA1
RXA1
RXB
RXB
TX
TX
MAFU0
MAFU1
COM
TX
MTRU0
COM
TX
RXA
RXA
RXB
RXB
BBIF0
BBIF0
BBIF1
BBIF1
PWR
PWR
MTRU1
Figure 1.2 TX diversity implementation of one sector in BTS3812E

23
DUP
LNA1-IN
F1
F2
RX1
LNA0-OUT
LNA1-IN
TX/RX0
F1
F2
RX filter
L
N
A
0
H
P
A
DUP
L
N
A
1
H
P
A
MTRX
LNA0-OUT
RX filter
L
N
A
0
L
N
A
1
MTRX
RRU0
RRU1
Figure 1.3 TX diversity implementation of one sector in DBS3800
I. Time Switched Transmit Diversity

TSTD is applied on SCH only. In TSTD, the transmission is switched between
different antennas with a known periodicity, as shown in Figure 1.1.
Slot #0
Antenna 1
Slot #1
Slot #2
Slot #14
acp
(Tx OFF)
acp
acp
acsi,0
(Tx OFF)
acsi,2
acsi,14
(Tx OFF)
acp
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
acsi,1
(Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Figure 1.1 Structure of SCH transmitted in TSTD

TSTD is the simplest transmit diversity mode in WCDMA. The UE can receive TSTD
signals with the same method as used in non-diversity mode. In this sense, the UE
does not need to be aware if whether TSTD is applied or not.

24
II. Space Time Transmit Diversity

STTD is defined for two antennas. Assume that S 0 and S1 are odd and even
symbols respectively. Then the transmissions over two antennas are shown in Figure
1.1.
S0
S0
S1
Antenna1
-S1*
S0*
Antenna2
S1
Figure 1.1 STTD transmitter

The received symbol may be represented in vector form as follows:
r0 h0 S 0 h1 S1* n0
r1 h0 S1 h1 S 0* n1
The received symbol is decoded over two consecutive time epochs with the following
formula:
S 0 h0* r0 h1 r1*
S1 h1 r0* h0* r1
The channel estimation is performed over pilot signals. Then the output is as follows:
S 0 (| h0 | 2 | h1 | 2 ) S 0 h0* n0 h1 n1*
S1 (| h0 | 2 | h1 | 2 ) S1 h1 n0* h0* n1
On the RNC, you can set the STTD support indicator parameter for the cell that
may work in STTD mode. If the cell works in STTD mode, you can set open loop
transmit diversity for DPCH.

25
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
STTD support indicator

STTDSUPIND
GUI Range
STTD Supported, STTD not Supported
STTD Supported, STTD not Supported

Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the STTD setting of a cell.

If a cell is configured to work in CLD1, ensure that the associated local cell at the
NodeB side supports TX diversity.
III. Closed Loop Transmit Diversity

Closed loop transmit diversity is a technique in which the UE, a mobile station,
periodically sends quantized estimations of the optimal transmit weights (so called
feedback information in WCDMA) to the NodeB, a base station, through the uplink
DPCCH channel. The transmitter weights are optimized to deliver maximum power to
the UE. Figure 1.1 depicts the concept of closed loop transmit diversity.

26
Figure 1.1 Transmitter and receiver in closed loop transmit diversity mode
A channel model with a single path is considered and the channel fading factors from
two transmitting antennas is denoted h1(t) and h2(t). Assume that the paths from two
antennas are so closely spaced in time of arrival at the UE that they are
indistinguishable. If time subscripts are ignored, the signals that the UE receives will
be as follows:
w
r [h1 h2 ] 1 S n = hwS + n
w2
The UE calculates the weights at regular intervals from the information h obtained
through pilot signals to maximize the received signal power. These weights are
quantized and then feedback is given to the NodeB on the reverse link control
channel.
If one assumes that the feedback mechanism in closed loop transmit diversity
perfectly tracks the channel conditions of the downlink, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio
(SNR) after demodulation and channel estimation is bounded as follows:
2
| h | 2 | h |2
1
2
SNRcld
| h1 | | h2 |
2
Es
Es
| h1 | 2 | h2 | 2
N0
N0
Es/N0 is the symbol of SNR that is based solely on transmit signal energy. In
comparison, from the STTD section it can be seen that the maximum achievable SNR
of STTD is:

27
SNRsttd
| h1 | 2 | h2 | 2 Es
2
N0
Obviously, the maximum SNR of STTD cannot be greater than the maximum SNR of
closed loop transmit diversity.
However, due to availability limitation of feedback capacity (In WCDMA, the feedback
capacity is 1500b/s.), the transmit weights may not be able to track the channel
conditions of the downlink perfectly, which will most probably occur when the UE
moves at a high velocity. In addition, feedback information errors also deteriorate the
performance of closed loop transmit diversity. Generally, closed loop transmit diversity
provides the biggest gain in low velocities, while open loop methods are robust in high
velocities and provides comparatively smaller gain in low velocities.
On the RNC, you can set the CP1 support indicator parameter for the cell that may
work in closed loop transmit diversity mode. If the cell works in CLD1, you can set
CLD1 for DPCH.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
CP1 support indicator

CP1SUPIND
GUI Range
CP1 Supported, CP1 not Supported
CP1 Supported, CP1 not Supported

Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the CLD1 setting of a cell.

If a cell is configured to work in CLD1, ensure that the associated local cell at the
NodeB side supports TX diversity.
If the cell can work in TX diversity mode, you can set two parameters (DPCH priority
Tx diversity mode and Hspdsch priority Tx diversity) for the transmit diversity

28
settings of the DPCH on the RNC. The DPCH priority Tx diversity mode parameter
defines the preferable transmit diversity mode of a cell when services are carried on
DPCH. The Hspdsch priority Tx diversity parameter defines the preferable transmit
diversity mode of the associated DPCH when services are carried on HSDPA cells.
Parameter Name
DPCH priority Tx diversity mode
Parameter ID
DPCHPRIOTXDIVERSITYMODE
GUI Range
None, STTD, CP1
None, STTD, CP1

Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the preferable transmit diversity mode of DPCH.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Hspdsch priority Tx diversity

HSPDSCHPRIOTXDIVERSITYMODE
GUI Range
None, STTD, CP1
None, STTD, CP1

Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the preferable transmit diversity mode of DPCH when
HSDPA services are accessed.
For CLD1, the 3GPP defines two modes to report closed loop feedback information:
j+1 and j+2. In j+1 mode, the feedback information of timeslot j is reported after the

29
first (j+1)mod15 timeslot. In j+2 mode, the feedback information of timeslot j is

reported after the first (j+2)mod15 timeslot.
The modes are set on the RNC through two parameters: Closed loop time adjust
mode indication and Closed loop time adjust mode. If the Closed loop time
adjust mode indication parameter is set to FALSE, the NodeB processes the
feedback information in j+1 mode by default.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Closed loop time adjust mode indication

CLTAMODEIND
GUI Range
TRUE, FALSE
TRUE, FALSE
Unit: none
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the setting of closed loop time adjustment mode of a cell.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Closed loop time adjust mode

CLOSEDLOOPTIMEADJUSTMODE
GUI Range
OFFSET1, OFFSET2
OFFSET1 = (j+1)mod15; OFFSET2 = (j+2)mod15

Unit: slot
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Optional
MOD CELLSETUP
Description:
This parameter defines the time taken to adjust the phase and amplitude of DL
dedicated channel upon reception of response from UL dedicated channel.

30
35.5 Capabilities
None
35.6 Implementation
35.6.1 Enabling TX/RX Diversity
I. Install Hardware
None.
II. Install Software

None.
III. Configure Data

To configure the data on the RNC, perform the following steps:
1)
Use the ADD QUICKCELLSETUP command to quickly set up a cell.

During the quick set up of the cell, most parameters are set with their default
values, which speeds up the setup procedure.
2)
Use the MOD CELLSETUP command to modify TX diversity parameters of the

cell.
3)
Use the ACT CELL command to activate the cell.
To configure the data on the NodeB, perform the following steps:

1)
Use the ADD SEC command to add a sector on the NodeB.
2)
Use the ADD LOCELL command to add a local cell on the NodeB.
IV. Examples
The following example is based on TX diversity in the downlink and 2-way RX
diversity in the uplink.
To configure the data, perform the following steps:
1)
Configure sectors on the NodeB.

TX diversity is applied in the downlink, 2-way RX diversity is applied in the uplink,
and the receiving antennas are specified.
1)
Configure local cells on the NodeB, and configure the resources of TX channels
in main and diversity paths according to the TX diversity mode of the sector.
2)
Quickly set up a cell on the RNC.
3)
Modify TX diversity parameters of the cell on the RNC.
4)
Activate the cell.
//Set up a local cell on the NodeB through the following command:

31
ADD
SEC:
STN=0,
SECN=1,
SECT=LOCAL_SECTOR,
ANTM=2,
DIVM=TX_DIVERSITY,
ANT1SRN=3, ANT1N=N0A, ANT2SRN=3, ANT2N=N1A;

ADD
LOCELL:
LOCELL=0,
BBPOOLTYPE=GEN_POOL,
STN=0,
SRN1=2,
SN1=0,
SECN=1,
SRN2=2,
SECT=LOCAL_SECTOR,
SN2=1,
ULFREQ=9850,
DLFREQ=10800, HISPM=FALSE, MXPWR=430;
//Set up the cell on the RNC quickly, and modify its parameters after the cell is
set up.
ADD
QUICKCELLSETUP:
UARFCNUplink=9850,
LAC=9479,
CellId=110,
CellName="cell110",
UARFCNDownlink=10800,
SAC=1,
CfgRacInd=REQUIRE,
BandInd=Band1,
PScrambCode=110,
RAC=1,
TCell=CHIP256,
URANUM=D1,
URA1=1,
NodeBName="3812E104", LoCell=0, SupBmc=FALSE;

MOD
CELLSETUP:
CellId=110,
DpchTxDiversityMode=STTD,
SupSSDT=TRUE,
TxDiversityInd=TRUE,
HsPdschTxDiversityMode=STTD,
CLTAModeInd=TRUE,
ClosedLoopTimeAdjustMode=OFFSET1;
ACT CELL: CellId=110;
V. Verify the Enabled Feature

Use the UE that supports TX diversity to send a service setup request message. Then
check the diversity settings of related channels during the signaling procedure.
35.6.2 Reconfiguring TX/RX Diversity Parameters

To reconfigure the diversity settings of a cell, perform the following steps:
1)
Deactivate the logical cell that is associated with the local cell on the NodeB that
requires reconfiguration.
2)
Use the MOD SEC command to modify the diversity settings of the sector.
3)
Use the MOD LOCELL command to modify the diversity settings of the local cell.
4)
Activate the logical cell.
35.6.3 Disabling TX/RX diversity

To change RX diversity mode to no RX diversity mode, set the Antenna Magnitude
parameter to 1. For details, refer to step 2 in section 35.6.2"Reconfiguring TX/RX
Diversity Parameters".
To change TX diversity mode to no TX diversity mode, use the MOD CELLSETUP
command to set the TX diversity ind parameter to FALSE on the RNC.
35.7 Maintenance Information

35.7.1 Alarms
None.
32
35.7.2 Counters
None.
35.8 References
3GPP TS 25.211, Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto

physical channels (FDD), V6.7.0.
3GPP TS 25.211, Physical layer procedures (FDD), V6.9.0.

33

35 TX RX Diversity

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35 TX RX Diversity

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RAN Feature Description

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

Based on the number of antennas, receive diversity is of two types:

2-way receive diversity

4-way receive diversity

Based on the feedback, transmit diversity is of two types:

Open loop transmit diversity (without feedback)

Closed loop transmit diversity (with feedback)

Open loop transmit diversity can be further categorized into:

Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD)

Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD)

35.1.3 Terms and Abbreviations

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

Acquisition Indicator Channel

Closed Loop Transmit Diversity

Closed Loop Transmit Diversity Mode 1

Dedicated Physical Control Channel

Dedicated Physical Channel

E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel

Enhanced Dedicated Channel

E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

E-DCH Relative Grant Channel

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

Shared Control Channel for HS-DSCH

MBMS Indicator Channel

Primary Common Control Physical Channel

Page Indicator Channel

Physical Downlink Shared Channel

Radio Network Controller

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

Space Time Transmit Diversity

Time Switched Transmit Diversity

RAN Feature Description

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

35.2.2 Software Release

V100R002 and later releases

V100R006 and later releases

V100R005 and later releases

V100R005 and later releases

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

Receive diversity is performed by only the NodeB to improve the performance of

35.3.2 On Other Features

35.4 Technical Description

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

RAN Feature Description

Chapter 35 TX/RX Diversity

Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel1

Subrack No. of Antenna Channel1

Antenna Channel No.1

Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel2

Cabinet No. of Antenna Channel1

Subrack No. of Antenna Channel2

Subrack No. of Antenna Channel1