Solved Problems (Subjective) : Prob 1

RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
25
SOLVED PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

Prob 1.
Find the minimum number of tosses of a pair of dice so that the probability of getting
the sum of the digits on the dice equal to 7 on at least one toss is greater than 0.95.
(log10 2 = 0.3010, log10 3 = 0.4771).
Sol.
Let S be the sample space and E be the event of occurrence of a total of 7 when a
pair of dice is tossed.
Then n(S) = 6 6 = 36
and E = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4,3), (5, 2), (6, 1)} n (E) = 6
n(E)
6
1
P(E) =
n(S)
36
6
Let occurrence of event E be called a success and X denote the number of
successes.
1
5
and
q 1 p
Here p = P(E) =
6
6
Let n = number of trials = number of tosses
Probability of at least one success = 1 probability of no success
5
= 1 p (X=0) = 1 n C0 p0 qn 1 qn 1
6
n
1
5
5
1 0.95 (1 0.95) 0.05
20
6
6
n [log105-log106] < log10 1-log1020
or n[log10 10 log10 2 log10 2 log10 3] log10 2 log10 10
or n [1 2 log10 2 log10 3] 1 log10 2
or 0.0791 n < 1.3010
1.3010
16.44
n>
0.0791
Hence, the least number of trials = 17.
Prob 2.
Two integer a and b are randomly selected from the set {1, 2, L } (with replacement)
1 2
a b2 being positive integer is 9/25.
then prove that probability of
5
Sol.
Last digit of a2 and b2

Frequency
a2
b2
1
0
0
2
1
1
2
4
4
1
5
5
2
6
6
2
9
9
Favorable case = total number of cases when sum of last digit is 0 or 5.
= (0, 0), (0, 5), (1, 4), (1, 9), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 9)
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RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
26
Hence required probability = (1 1 1 + 1 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 +

9
1 1 1 + 2 2 2) / (10 10) =
.
25
Prob 3.
If a and b are chosen randomly from the set consisting of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 with
replacement. Find the probability that Lt
x 0
Sol.
a x b x
lt
x 0
2
a x b x
2
x
6.
2/ x
(1 form)
2 ax bx
1
x 0 x
2
k = ab. So favorable case = (6, 1), (1, 6), (2, 3), (3, 2)
9
1
.
Hence required probability =
36 4
ln k = lt
Prob 4.
Sixteen players S1, S2,...,S16 play in a tournament. They are divided into eight pairs at
random. From each pair a winner is decided on the basis of a game played between
the two players of the pair. Assume that all the players are of equal strength
(a) find the probability that the player S1 is among the eight winner
(b) find the probability that exactly one of the two players S 1 and S2 is among the eight
winner.
Sol.
(a) Since all the players are of equal strength and eight players are winners. So
probability that S1 will be among the winner equals to 8/16 = 1/2
(b) Let A1 be the event that S1, S2 play in same pair and A2 be the event that they play
in different pair and A be the event that exactly one out of S 1 and S2 is among the
winners.
P(A) = P(A1)P(A/A1) + P(A2)P(A/A2)
Now P(A1) =
14!
7! (2!)7
8! (2!)8
1
16!
15
1 14
.
15 15
1
14 1 1 1 1
8
1
Therefore, P(A) =
.
15
15 2 2 2 2
15
P(A2) = 1
Prob 5.
If A and B are two independent events, prove that P (A B). P (AB) P (C), where
C is an event defined that exactly one of A and B occurs.
Sol.
P (A B). P (A) P (B) (P (A) + P (B)) P (A) P (B)

= P (A). P (A) P (B) + P (B) P (A) P (B)
= P (A) P (B) (1 P (A)) + P (B) P (A) (1 P (B))
P (A) P (B) + P (B) P (A) = P (C).
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Prob 6.
Each packet of certain items contains a coupon, which is equally likely to bear the
letters A, N, S, H or U. If m packets are purchased, find the probability that the
coupons can not be used to spell ANSHU.
Sol.
Let E1 is the event that A is not present,

E2 is the event that N is not present,
E3 is the event that S is not present,
E4 is the event that H is not present and
E5 is the event that U is not present
Then required probability
5
Number of favorable cases
C1.4m
=
=
Total number of cases
5
C1.4m
C2 .3m
5m
C3 .2m
C4 .1m
C2 .3m
C3 .2m
C4
.1m 0
5m
.
Prob 7.
In a single throw with 3 dice, what is the chance of throwing

(i) one-two-three
(ii) eleven
(iii) less than eleven
(iv) more than ten.
Sol.
The total no. of possible cases is 63 = 216.

(i) Out of these 216, 1 - 2 - 3 occurs in 3! ways.
Probability = 3!/63 = 1/36.
(ii) The no. of ways in which 11 is thrown is equal to the coeff. of x 11 in
(x + x2 +....+ x6)3 = 27.
Probability = 27/216 = 1/8
(iii) The favorable no. of cases = sum of the coefficients of x 3, x4,... x10 in the expansion
of (x + x2 + .... x6)3
= the coeff. of x10 in (x + x2 + .... +x6)3 (1 + x + x2 + .....)
= the coeff. of x10 in x3(1 - x6)3 (1 - x)-4
4.5 2 4.5.6 3
= the coeff. of x7 in (1 - 3x6) (1 + 4x +
x +
x + .....)
3!
2!
4.5.6.7.8.9.10
3.4 = 120 - 12 = 108.
=
7!
108 1
Probability of throwing less than 11 =

216 2
(Note : Here we made use of the fact that if S
= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... then
S(1 + x + x2 + ....) = a0 + (a0 + a1)x + (a0 + a1 + a2)x2 + .......)
(iv) The exhaustive no. of cases are those which are either less than 11 or greater
than equal to 11 (i.e. greater than 10)
1 1
Thus required probability = 1 prob. of less than 11 = 1 .
2 2
Prob 8.
A bag contains 12 red balls and 6 white balls. Six balls are drawn one by one without
replacement of which atleast 4 balls are white. Find the probability that in the next two
draws exactly one white ball is drawn.
(leave the answer in terms of nCr).
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
Sol.
28
Let P(A) be the probability that atleast 4 white balls have been drawn.
P(A1) be the probability that exactly 4 white balls have been drawn.
P(B) be the probability that exactly 1 white ball is drawn from two draws.
12
3
C2 6 C4 10 C1 2 C1 12 C1 6 C5 11 C1 1C1
. 12
18
. 12
P Ai P B / A i
18
C6
C2
C6
C2
i 1
P(B/A) =
=
3
12
6
12
6
12
6
C C
C C6
C2 C4
181 5 180
P Ai
18
C6
C6
C6
i1
12
12
C2 6 C 4
C2
12
10
C1 2 C1 12 C1 6 C5
11
C1 1C1
C2 6 C4 12 C1 6 C5 12 C0 6 C6
Prob 9.
A bag contains a total of 20 books on physics and Mathematics. Any possible

combination of books is equally likely. 10 Books are chosen from the bag and it is
found that it contains 6 books of mathematics. Find out the probability that the
remaining books in the bag contain 2 books on mathematics.
Sol.
Let Ei (i = 0, 1, 2, , 20) be the event that bag contains i books on mathematics.

Since all these events are equally likely and mutually exclusive and exhaustive so,
1
P(Ei)=
(i = 0, 1, 2, , 20) and let A be the event that a draw of 10 books contains 6
21
books on mathematics.
20
20
16
i
C6 20 i C4
1
1
P(E
).
P(A
/
E
)
P
A
/
E
P(A) =
=
i
i =
i
20
21 io
21 i6
C10
i o
Now, we want the bag should contain 2 more books on mathematics i.e. E 8 must
1 8
P E 8 P A / E8
C6 12 C4
1
occur P (E8 / A) =
= 21
P A
20
P A
C10
8
16
C6 12 C4
i
C6 20 i C4
i 6
Prob 10.
An artillery target may be either at point A with probability
8
or at point B with
9
1
, we have 21 shells, each of which can be fired either at point A or at
9
point B. Each shell may hit the target independently of the other shells, with
1
probability
. How many shells must be fired at point A to hit the target with
2
maximum probability?
probability
Sol.
Let A = the even that the target is hit

A1 = the event that the target is at point A
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A2 = the event the target is at point B.

Let x be the number of shells fired at target A, then
x
A
8
1
1
1
P (A) = P (A1). P
P(A 2 ) P
= 1 1
9
9
2
2
A1
A 2
dP A
8 1
1 1 1
ln
dx
9 2
2 9
2
dP A
Put
=0
dx
21 x
1
1
1
8

2
2

2
2x 21 = 3 x = 12
x
d2P A
8 1
1
ln
2
9 2
2
dx
21 x
ln
2x 21
21 x
1
2
1
23
1 1

2 2
21 x
1
ln
2
< 0.
Prob 11.
Consider a bag containing 10 balls of which 4 are black. Now 5 balls are drawn from
this bag and put in another bag (without noting the colour of balls). Finally one ball is
drawn from the second bag and it is found to be white. Find the probability that 2
white balls had been drawn in the first draw.
Sol.
Let Bi represent the event that in the first draw i (1 i 5) white balls and (5 i) black
balls had been drawn in the first draw.
6
Ci 4 C5 i
P(Bi) =
10
C5
P(B1) = 1/42
P(B2) = 5/21
P(B3) = 10/21
P(B4) = 5/21
P(B5) = 1/42
Let A be the probability that from the second bag a white ball is drawn
i
P(A/Bi) =
P(A) = P(Bi)P(A/Bi) = 3/5
5
5
2
P(B2 ) P(A / B2 )
10
21
5
Now P(B2/A) =
=
.
3
P(A)
63
5
Prob 12.
There are two bags each containing 10 books all having different titles but of the
same size. A student draws out any number of books from first bag as well as from
the second bag. Find the probability that the difference between the number of books
drawn from the two bags does not exceed two.
Sol.
Let S be the sample space, A0 be the event that books drawn from two bags are
equal in number, A1 be the event that number of books drawn from one bag exceed
those drawn from another bag by one, and A 2 be the event that number of books
drawn from one bag exceed those drawn from other bag by two.
Total ways = (10C1 + 10C2 + L + 10C10)2 = (210 1)2
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Favourable ways for A0,

= (10C1)2 + (10C2)2 + L + (10C10)2 = 20C10 1
Favourable ways for A1,
= 2(10C110C2 + 10C210C3 + L + 10C910C10) = 2(20C9 10C010C1) = 2 (20C9 10)
Favourable ways for A2
= 2(10C1.10C3 + 10C2.10C4 + L + 10C8.10C10) = 2(20C8 10C0.10C2) = 2(20C8 45)
Required probability =
2 20 C8 2 20 C9 20 C10 111
10
Prob 13.
If four squares are chosen at random on a chess board, what is the probability that
they lie on a diagonal line?
Sol.
The total number of ways of choosing 4 squares out of 64

squares is
64 63 62 61
64
C4
= 635376.
4 3 2 1
The diagonal BD divides the chess board two triangles
ABD and DCB. In triangle ABD, the four squares can be
chosen along lines D1B1, D2B2,
D1
D2
D3
D4
D
B1 B2 B3 B4
D3B3, D4B4, and DB.

The number of ways of choosing 4 squares in this ways is
4
C4 + 5C4 + 6C4 + 7C4 +8C4
Similarly, the number of ways of selecting the four squares in the triangles DBC, ABC
and ADC are as above. The squares on the diagonal BD or AC occur only once, so we
get the favorable ways = 4[4C4 + 5C4 + 6C4 + 7C4] + 2 8C4
= 4[1 + 5 + 15 + 35] + 2 70 = 364
Hence the required probability that 4 diagonal squares can be selected
No. of favourable ways
364
13
=
=
.
Total No. of ways
635376 2269
Prob 14.
Cards are drawn one-by-one at random from a well shuffled full pack of 52 playing
cards until 2 aces are obtained for the first time. If N is the number of cards required
n 1 52 n 51 n
to be drawn, then show that P (N = n) =
where 2 n 50.
50 49 17 13
Sol.
Let A denotes the event that the first (n 1) cards drawn contain one ace and
(n 2) non ace card and B denotes the event that the nth card drawn is an ace, then
A B = the event that the n cards drawn contain two ace and (n 2) non ace cards.
Now, the desired probability P(A B) = P(A) . P(B/A) (1)
We have P(A) = probability that the first (n 1) cards contain one ace and (n 2) non
4
ace cards =
C1 48 Cn 2
.
Cn1
After the occurrence of the event A, the number of aces left = 3 and total number of
cards left = 52 (n 1) = 53 n
52
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P(B/A) = probability that the nth card drawn is an ace when previously drawn (n 1)
3
cards contain one ace and (n 2) non ace cards =
.
53 n
So, from (1) the desired probability
4
C1 48 Cn 2
P(A B) =
52
Cn1
3
53 n
48 !
n 1 ! 53 n ! 3
52!
53 n
n 2 ! 50 n !
4 n 1 52 n 51 n 3 n 1 52 n 51
= 4
=
52 51 50 49
50 49
17 13
Prob 15.
A person goes to office either by car, scooter, bus or train probability of which being
1 3 2
1
, ,
and
respectively. Probability that he reaches office late, if he takes car,
7 7 7
7
2 1 4
1
scooter, bus or train is , ,
and
respectively. Given that he reached office in
9 9 9
9
time, then what is the probability that he travelled by a car.
Sol.
Let C, S, B, T be the events of the person going by car, scooter, bus or train
respectively.
1
3
2
1
Given that P(C) = , P(S) = , P(B) = , P(T) =
7
7
7
7
Let L be the event of the person reaching the office in time.
L
L
L
L
7
8
5
8
, P , P , P
C
9
S
9
B
9
T
9

P C
L
L
.P C
C
P L
1 7
1
7
9
.
1 7 3 8 2 5 8 1 7

7 9 7 9 7 9 9 7
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SOLVED PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

Prob 1.
India play two matches each with West Indies and Australia .In any match the
probabilities of India getting points 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively.
Assuming that the outcomes are independent, the probability of India getting at least 7
points is
(A) 0.8750
(B) 0.0875
(C) 0.0625
(D) 0.0250
Sol.
Probability of getting at least seven points = Probability of getting 7 points or 8 points

= probability of getting 7 points + probability of getting 8 points.
Seven points in four matches can be obtained in the following four different ways:
(2, 2, 2, 1) ; (2, 2, 1, 2); (2, 1, 2, 2); (1, 2, 2, 2)
Hence probability of getting 7 points = 4. (0.50) 3 (0.05) = 0.0250
Eight points in four matches can be obtained only in one way i.e. 2, 2, 2, 2,
Hence
4
probability of getting 8 points = (0.50) = 0.0625
Thus the required probability = 0.0250 + 0.0625 = 0.0875.
Prob 2.
One hundred identical coins, each with probability p, showing up heads are tossed
once. If 0 < p < 1 and the probability of heads showing on 50 coins is equal to that of
heads showing on 51 coins, then the value of p is
(A) 1/2
(B) 49/101
(C) 50/101
(D) 51/101
Sol.
We have 100C50p50 (1 p)50 = 100C51 p51(1-p)49

50! 50! 50
1 p
100!
51
or
p=
p
51! 49!
100!
51
101
Prob 3.
A four figure number is formed of the figures 1, 2, 3, 5 with no repetitions. The

probability that the number is divisible by 5 is
(A) 3/ 4
(B) 1/ 4
(C) 1/8
(D) None of these
Sol.
The total number of ways in which four-digit numbers can be formed, is 4! = 24. A
number is divisible by 5 if at units place, we have 5. Therefore units place can be
filled in one way and the remaining 3 places can be filled with the other digits in 3!
ways. Hence the total number of numbers divisible by 5 is 3!=6
6
1
The required probability =
.
24 4
Prob 4.
A bag contains 4 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and another bag contains 6 tickets

numbered 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9. One bag is chosen and a ticket is drawn. The probability
that the ticket bears the number 4 is
(A) 1/48
(B) 1/8
(C) 5/24
(D) None of these
1 1 1 1
5
.
2 4 2 6 24
Sol.
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Prob 5.
A and B play a game of tennis. The situation of the game is as follows; if one scores
two consecutive points after a deuce he wins; if loss of a point is followed by win of a
point, it is deuce. The chance of a server to win a point is 2/3. The game is at deuce
and A is serving. Probability that A will win the match is, (serves are changed after
each game)
(A) 3/5
(B 2/5
(C) 1/2
(d) 4/5
Sol.
Let us assume that 'A' wins after n deuces, n [(0, ) Probability of a deuce
2 2 1 1 5
= . .
(A wins his serve then B wins his serve or A loses his serve then B
3 3 3 3 9
also loses his serve).
Now probability of 'A' winning the game =
(5 / 9) .
n
n 0
2 1
1
2 1
. .
3 3 1 (5 / 9) 9 2
Prob 6.
A die is thrown three times and the sum of three numbers obtained is 15.
probability of first throw being 4 is
(A) 1/18
(B) 1/5
(C) 4/5
(D) 17/18
Sol.
If first throw is four, then sum of numbers appearing on last two throws must be equal
to eleven. That means last two throws are (6, 5) or (5, 6).
Now there are 10 ways to get the sum as 15. [(5, 5, 5) (4, 5, 6) (3, 6, 6)]
2
1
.
10 5
Prob 7.
Six different balls are put in three different boxes, no box being empty. The probability
of putting balls in the boxes in equal numbers is,
(A) 3/10
(B) 1/6
(C) 1/5
(D) none of these
Sol.
Total number of ways to distribute the balls so that no box is empty are [(1, 1, 4), (2, 1,
3), (2, 2, 2)]
3 ! 6
C1. 5 C1. 4 C4 3! 6 C2 . 4 C1. 3 C3 6 C2 . 4 C2 . 2 C2
=
2 !
The
= 90 + 6.60 + 90 = 540
Prob 8.
Sol.
90
1
.
540 6
3
1
1
P( A B C ) P( A B C ) . Then P (B C) is
4
3
3
(A) 1/12
(B) 3/4
(C) 5/12
(D) 23/96
If P(B) =
1 1 2

3 3 3
3 2
1
therefore P(B C) = P(B) P(B C) =
.
4 3 12
P(B C) P(A B C) P(A B C) =
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Prob 9.
Three numbers are selected at random without replacement from the set of numbers
{1, 2, .., N}. The conditional probability that the third number lies between the first
two, if the first number is known to be smaller that the second is
(A) 1/6
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 2/3
Sol.
The number of ways of selecting three numbers out of N = NC3.

For each such selection of three numbers say a 1, a2 and a3, exactly one of the
following inequalities will hold.
(i) a1 < a2 < a3
(ii)
a1 < a 3 < a 2
(iii)
a2 < a 1 < a 3
(iv) a2 < a3 < a1
(v)
a3 < a 1 < a 2
(vi)
a3 < a 2 < a 1
Thus the number of ways of arranging three numbers out of N numbers = NC3 . 3!
Out of these, there are 3 ways in which the first number is less than the second.
Let A = the event that the first number is less than the second number.
B = the event that the third number is lies between the first and the second.
N
N
C3 1
C3 3
1
1
Now P(A B) = N
and P(A) = N
C3 3! 6
C3 3! 2
Required probability P(B/A) =
P A B
P A
1/ 6 1
.
1/ 2 3
(Note that the sample space for the conditional probability reduces to (i), (ii) and (v)
inequalities out of which only (ii) is favourable).
Prob 10.
A fair die is thrown until a score of less than 5 points is obtained. The probability of
obtaining not less than 2 points on the last throw is
(A) 3/4
(B) 5/6
(C) 4/5
(D) 1/3
Sol.
Score less than 5 means the occurrence of 1, 2, 3, or 4. Now on the last throw we
should not obtain a score less then 2 i.e. one. Clearly the favourable outcomes are 2,
3 or 4. Thus the required probability = 3/4
Prob 11.
A square is inscribed in a circle. If p1 is the probability that a randomly chosen point of

the circle lies within the square and p2 is the probability that the point lies outside the
square, then
(A) p1 = p2
(B) p1 > p2
1
2
2
(C) p1 < p2
(D) p1 p2
3
Sol.
If a be the radius of the circle, the area of the inscribed square = 2a 2

2
2a2 2
p1 =
and p2 = 1 p1 =
2
a
2
2
<
p2 < p1
4 1
2
2
.
again p1 p2 p1 p2 p1 p2
3
2<2
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Prob 12.
Two persons A and B, have respectively n + 1 and n coins which they toss
simultaneously, then the probability that A will have more heads than B is
1
1
(A)
(B) >
2
2
1
1
(C) <
(D) >
3
2
Sol.
Let and be the number of heads and tails thrown by A respectively, then
+=n+1
(1)
Let and be the number of heads and tails thrown by B respectively, then
+=n
(2)
Required probability is P( > ) = p (say)
Due to symmetry P(A will have more heads than B) = P(A will have more tails than B)
(3)
Now, P( ) = 1 p
[ is the complementary event of > ]
Also, n + 1 n 1 + <
(from (1) and (2))
P( ) = P( < )
1
1p=pp=
(from (3))
2
Prob 13.
The letters of the word PROBABILITY are written down at random in a row. Let E 1
denotes the event that two Is are together and E2 denote the event that two Bs are
together, then
2
3
(A) p(E1) = p(E2) =
(B) p(E1 E2) =
55
11
E1
1
18
(C) p(E1 E2) =
(D) p

5
55
E2
Sol.
Prob 14.
10!
2
2
p(E1) = p(E2) = 11!
(A) is not correct.
11
2! 2!
9!
2
p(E1 E2) = 11!

55 (B) is correct.
2! 2!
2 2
2 10

p(E1 E2) = p(E1) + p(E2) p(E1 E2) =

(C) is correct.
11 11 55 55
p E1 E2 2 / 55 1
E
p 1
(D) is correct.
p E2
2 /11 5
E2
1 4 p 1 p 1 2p
,
,
are probabilities of three mutually exclusive and exhaustive
4
4
4
events, then the possible values of p belongs to the set
1
2
(A) 0,
(B) 0,
2
3
2 2
1 1
(C) ,
(D) ,
4 2
3 3
If
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
Sol.
We must have 0
36
1 4p 1 p 1 2p
,
,
1
4
4
4
1
3
p
4
4
3p1
3
1
p
2
2
again the events are mutually exclusive, so
1 4p 1 p 1 2p
0
13p1
4
4
4
1
1
Taking intersection of all 4 intervals p .
4
2

Prob 15.
Consider the Cartesian plane R2 and let X denotes the subset of points for which both
1
coordinates are integers. A coin of diameter
is tossed randomly into the plane. The
2
probability that the coin covers a point of X satisfies
(A) p =
(B) p <
16
3
1
(C) p >
(D) p =
30
4
Sol.
Let S denotes the set of points inside a square with corners (x, y), (x, y + 1), (x + 1, y)
and (x + 1, y + 1).
x and y are integers.
Clearly each of the four points belonging to the set X.
1
Let P denotes the set of points in S with distance less than
from any corner point. P
4
1
consist of 4 quarter circles each of radius = .
4
A coin, whose centre falls in S, will cover a point of X iff its centres falls in P
2
1

.
required probability = p = Area of P
Area of S
1 1
16
Read the following paragraph carefully:
There are n urns each containing n + 1 balls such that the ith urn contains i white balls and
(n + 1 i) red balls. Let ui be the event of selecting ith urn, i = 1, 2, 3 , n and w denotes the
event of getting a white ball.
Now answer the following questions:
Prob 16.
P w is equal to
If P(ui) i, where i = 1, 2, 3, n, then nlim
(A) 1
(C) 3/4
Sol.
(B) 2/3
(D) 1/4
P(ui) = ki
P(ui) = 1
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
37
2
n(n 1)
lim P(w) lim
Prob 17.
un

w
Prob 18.
n(n 1)
i 1
lim
2n(n 1)(2n 1)
2
n(n 1) 6
2
3
If P(ui) = c, where c is a constant then P(un/w) is equal to

2
1
(A)
(B)
n 1
n 1
n
1
(C)
(D)
n 1
2
Sol.
2i2
n
n
1
2
.
n 1
i
(n 1
If n is even and E denotes the event of choosing even numbered urn (P(u i) =
the value of P w / E is
n2
2n 1
n
(C)
n 1
(A)
Solution:
(B)
n2
2 n 1
(D)
1
n 1
1
), then
n
2 4 6 n n 2
w
n(n 1)
2(n 1) .
E
2
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
38
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

Level - I
1.
A bag contains 3 white balls and 2 black balls, another contains 5 white and 3 black balls.
If a bag is chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. What is the probability that it is
white?
2.
Players A and B throws three and two dice, respectively. The trial go on simultaneously
and successively until a 6 appears on atleast one of the dice. Find the probabilities of the
following events
E1 = Player A, and B obtain a 6 first,
E2 = Player B and not A, obtain a 6 first
and E3 = both players get a 6 simultaneously.
3.
A pack of cards contain 51 cards. Cards are drawn from the pack without replacement. If
1st 13 cards drawn are all red, then find the probability that the missing card is black.
4.
A bag contains W white and 3 black balls. Balls are drawn one by one without
replacement till all the black balls are drawn. What is the probability that this procedure
for drawing the balls will come to an end at the rth draw.
5.
A bag contained 3 maths book and 2 physics book. A book is drawn at random if it is of
math, 2 more book of maths together with this book put back in the bag and if it is of
physics it is not replaced in the bag. This experiment is repeated 3 time. If third draw
gives math book, what is the probability that first two drawn books were of physics.
6.
In how many ways three girls and nine boys can be seated in two vans, each having
numbered seats, 3 in the front and 4 at the back? How many seating arrangements are
possible if 3 girls should sit together in a back row on adjacent seats? Now, if all the
seating arrangements are equally likely, what is the probability of 3 girls sitting together in
back row on adjacent seats?
7.
Eight birds are taken and divided into two groups A and B of 4 each. Each bird in group A
is given dose of a certain powder 'A' which is expected to kill one in every four each bird
in group B is given a certain powder 'B' which kills one in every two. Find the probability
that there may be fewer deaths in group A.
8.
India plays 2, 3 and 5 matches against Pakistan, Srilanka and West Indies respectively.
Probability that India win a match against Pakistan, Srilanka and West Indies is 0.6, 0.5
and 0.4 respectively. If India win a match, what is the probability that it was against
Pakistan.
9.
In a test, an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a multiple choice
question with four choice (of only one is correct). The probability that he makes a guess
is 1/3 and the probability that he copies the answer is 1/6. The probability that his answer
is correct given that he copied it, is 1/8. Find the probability that he know the answer
given that he answered it correctly.
39
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
10.
A writes a letter to his friend B and does not receive a reply. It is known that one out of
n letters does not reach its destination. What is the probability that B didnt receive the
letter? It is certain that B would have replied, if he had received the letter.
Fill in the Blanks (Q11 Q15):

11.
In a multiple-choice question there are four alternative answers, of which one or more
than one are correct. A candidate will get marks on the question only if he ticks all the
correct answers. The candidate decides to tick answers randomly. If he is allowed up to
three chances to answer the questions, the probability that he will get marks on it is
_________.
12.
Fifteen persons, among whom are A and B, sit down at random at a round table. The
probability that there are four persons between A and B is ____________.
13.
Out of m persons sitting in a row, n are chosen at random. The probability that no two of
the chosen persons are seated together is ______________.
14.
Three distinct numbers are selected from first 100 natural numbers. The probability that
all the three numbers are divisible by 2 and 3 is ____________.
15.
If the papers of 4 students can be checked by any one of the 7 teachers, then the
probability that all the 4 papers are checked by exactly 2 teachers is _________.
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
40
Level II
1.
Three dice are rolled together till a sum of either 4 or 5 or 6 is obtained. Find the
probability that 4 comes before 5 or 6.
2.
An unbiased die, with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, is thrown n times and the list of n
numbers showing up is noted. What is the probability that, among the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, only three numbers appear in this list?
3.
Two friends decide to meet at a spot between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. whosoever arrives first
agrees to wait for 15 minutes for the other. What is the probability that they meet?
4.
A urn contains five balls. Two balls are drawn and are found to be white. What is the
probability that all the balls are white.
5.
Suppose a sample consist of the integers 1, 2, , 2n, the probability of choosing an

integer k is proportional to log k. Show that the conditional probability of choosing the
log 2
integer 2, given that even integer is chosen is
.
[n log 2 log(n!)
6.
A bag consist n white and n red balls. Pairs of balls are drawn without replacement until
the bag is empty. Show that the probability that each pair consist of one white and one
2n
red ball is 2n
.
Cn
7.
If p, q, r and s are the probabilities of raining at four different places at some fixed
moment, then find the maximum and minimum values of
3( p2 + q2 + r2 + s2 ) 2 ( p + q + r + s ) + 4.
8.
From 4m+1 tickets numbered as 1, 2, 4m + 1.. Three tickets are chosen at random.
Find out the probability that the numbers are in A.P. with even common difference.
9.
Two integers x and y are chosen (with replacement) out of the set {0, 1, 2, L 10}. Find
the probability that |x y| 5.
10.
There are two bags, bag I contains 4 red and 5 white balls, while bag II contains 5 red
and 4 white balls. Two balls are drawn from bag I. If they are of the same colour, another
ball is drawn from bag I. If the first two drawn balls are of different colours, one ball is
drawn from bag II. If the third drawn ball is red, then what is the probability that the first
two drawn balls were white?
11.
Suppose f(x) =x3 + ax2 + bx + c. a, b, c are chosen respectively by throwing a die three
times. Find the probability that f(x) is an increasing function.
12.
A man may take a step forward, backward, left or right with equal probability. Find the
probability that after nine steps he will be just one step away from his initial position.
41
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
13.
A bag 'A' contains 2 white and 3 red balls, a bag 'B' contains 4 white and 5 black balls. A
bag is selected randomly and a ball is drawn from it. Drawn ball is observed to be white.
Find the probability that bag 'B' was selected.
14.
A bag contains W white and B black balls. The balls are drawn one at a time until only
those of the same colour are left. Find the probability that they are all white.
15.
P1, P2, L, P8 are 8 players participating in a tournament. If i < j then P i will win the match
against Pj. Players are paired up randomly for first round and winners of this round again
paired up for the second round and so on. Find the probability that
(a) P4 reaches in the final.
(b) P2 wins the tournament.
(c) P1 wins the tournament.
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
42
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

Level - I
1
Three persons A1, A2 and A3 are to speak at a function along with 5 other persons. If the
persons speak in random order, the probability that A 1 speaks before A2 and A2 speaks
before A3 is
(A) 1/6
(B) 3/5
(C) 3/8
(D) none of these
2.
Two persons A, and B, have respectively n + 1 and n coins, which they toss
simultaneously. Then probability P that A will have more heads than B
1
1
(A) P >
(B) P =
2
2
1
1
1
(C) P
(D) 0 < P <
4
2
4
3.
On a toss of two dice, A throws a total of 5, then the probability that he will throw another
5 before he throws 7, is
1
1
(A)
(B)
9
6
2
5
(C)
(D)
5
36
4.
One of two events must occur. If the chance of one is

of the other are
(A) 1 : 3
(C) 2 : 3
2
of the other, then odd in favour
3
(B) 3 : 1
(D) none of these
5.
In a convex polygon of 6 sides two diagonals are selected at random. The probability that
they intersect at an interior point of the polygon is
2
5
(A)
(B)
5
12
3
7
(C)
(D)
5
12
6.
A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.2 and P(AB) = 0.7. If A and B are
independent events then P(B) equals
(A) 2/7
(B) 7/9
(C) 3/8
(D) none of these
7.
A fair coin is tossed 99 times. Let X be the number of times heads occurs. Then P(X=r)
is maximum when r is
(A) 49
(B) 52
(C) 51
(D) None of these
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
43
8.
The numbers 1, 2, 3,, n are arranged in random order. The probability that the digits 1,
2, 3k (k < n) appear as neighbours in that order is
1
k!
(A)
(B)
n!
n!
(n k) !
(C)
(D) None of these
n!
9.
Entries of a 2 2 determinant are chosen from the set {1, 1}. The probability that
determinant has zero value is
(A) 1/4
(C) 1/2
(B) 1/3
(D) none of these
10.
A bag contains 14 balls of two colours, the number of balls of colour being equal, seven
balls are drawn at random one by one. The ball in hand is returned to the bag before
each new draw. The probability that at least 3 balls of each colour are drawn, is
1
1
(A)
(B) >
2
2
1
(C) <
(D) none of these
2
11.
A business man is expecting two telephone calls. Mr Walia may call any time between 2
p.m and 4 p.m. while Mr Sharma is equally likely to call any time between 2.30 p.m. and
3.15 p.m. The probability that Mr Walia calls before Mr Sharma is
(A) 1/18
(B) 1/6
(C) 1/6
(D) none of these
12.
Let A, B, C be three events such that A and B are independent and P(C) = 0, then events
A, B, C are
(A) independent
(B) pairwise independent but not totally independent
(C) P(A) = P(B) = P(C)
(D) none of these
13.
In a bag there are 15 red and 5 white balls. Two balls are chosen at random and one is
found to be red. The probability that the second one is also red is
12
13
(A)
(B)
19
19
14
15
(C)
(D)
19
19
14.
A die is thrown a fixed number of times. If probability of getting even number 3 times is
same as the probability of getting even number 4 times, then probability of getting even
number exactly once is
(A) 1/4
(B) 3/128
(C) 5/64
(D) 7/128
15.
A man is know to speak the truth 3 out if 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a
six. The probability that it is actually a six is
(A) 3/8
(B) 1/5
(B) 3/4
(D) None of these
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
44
16.
A student appears for test I, II and III. The student is successful if he passes either in test
I, II or I, III. The probability of the student passing in test I, II and III are respectively p. q
and 1/2. If the probability of the student to be successful is 1/2 then
(A) p = q = 1
(B) p = q = 1/2
(C) p = 1, q = 0
(D) p = 1, q = 1/2
17.
Three of six faces of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. The probability that the
triangle with three vertices is equilateral equal to
1
1
(A)
(B)
5
2
1
1
(C)
(D)
10
20
18.
A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. If tail appear on 1 st four tosses, then the probability of
head appearing on 5th toss equals to
1
1
(A)
(B)
32
2
31
1
(C)
(D)
32
5
19.
A number is chosen at random from the numbers 10 to 99. By seeing the number a man
will laugh if product of the digits is 12. If he choose three numbers with replacement then
the probability that he will laugh at least once is
3
(A) 1
5
25
43
(B)
45
3
(C) 1
20.
43
45
(D) 1
If two events A and B are such that P (A) > 0 and P (B) 1, then P A / B is equal to
(A) 1 P (A/B)
(C)
1 P A U B
P B
(B) 1 P A / B
(D)
P(A)
P(B)
21.
An ordinary cube has four faces, one face marked 2 another marked 3. Then the
probability of obtaining a total of exactly 12 in five throws is
5
5
(A)
(B)
1296
1944
5
(C)
(D) none of these
2592
22.
A bag has 13 red, 14 green and 15 black balls. The probability of getting exactly 2 black
on pulling out 4 balls is P 1. Now the number of each colour ball is doubled and 8 balls are
pulled out. The probability of getting exactly 4 blacks is P 2 then
(A) P1 = P2
(B) P1 > P2
(C) P1 < P2
(D) cant say
45
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
23.
A coin is tossed repeatedly. The probability of getting a result in the fifth toss different
from those obtained in the first four tosses is
(A) 1/16
(B) 1/32
(C) 15/16
(D) none of these
24.
If head means one and tail means two, then coefficient of quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 are chosen by tossing three fair coins. The probability that roots of the
equations are imaginary is
(A) 5/8
(B) 3/8
(C) 7/8
(D) 1/8
25.
In the game Odd Man Out, each of m 2 persons toss a coin to determine who will sing
a song. The odd man out is the one with different outcome from the rest. The probability
that there is a loser in any game is
m
1
(A)
(B) m
2
2
m
m 1
(C) m1
(D) m1
2
2
26.
Two integers r and s are drawn one at a time without replacement from the set M = {1, 2,
., n}. Then for any k M, the probability P(r k / s k) equals
k k 1
k
(A)
(B)
n n 1
n
k 1
n 1
(C)
27.
(D)
1
k
If n integers taken at random are multiplied together, then the probability that the last digit
of the product is 1, 3, 7 or 9 is
2n
8n 2n
(A) n
(B)
5
5n
4n 2n
(C)
5n
(D) None of these
28.
A natural number is selected at random from the set X = {x; 1 x 100}. The probability
that the number satisfies the inequation x2 13x 30 < 0, is
(A) 9/50
(B) 3/20
(C) 2/11
(D) none of these
29.
Fifteen coupons are numbered 1, 2, 3, 15. Seven coupons are selected at random
one at a time with replacement. The probability that the largest number appearing on the
selected coupon is 9, is
9
16
(A)
3
(C)
5
8
(B)
15
(D) none of these
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
30.
46
Two subsets A and B of a set containing n elements are chosen at random. The
probability that A B is
1
2n
(A)
(B)
2
n!
2
(C)
3
3
(D)
4
31.
Two events A and B have probabilities 0.25 and 0.50 respectively. The probability that
both A and B occur simultaneously is 0.14. Then the probability that neither A nor B
occurs is
(A) 0.39
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.11
(D) none of these
32.
A drawer contains 5 brown socks and 4 blue socks well mixed. A man reaches the drawer
and pulls out 2 socks at random. What is the probability that they match?
(A) 4/9
(B) 5/8
(C) 5/9
(D) 7/12
33.
If m rupee coins and n ten paise coins are placed in a line, then the probability that the
extreme coins are ten paise coins is
n(n 1)
(A) (m+n)Cm
(B)
(m n)(m n 1)
(C) (m+n)Pm
34.
(D) (m+n)Pn
The probability that at least one of the events A and B occurs is 0.6 . If A and B occur
simultaneously with probability 0.2, then P A + P B is

(A) 0.4
(B) 0.8
(C) 1.2
(D) 1.4
(Here A and B are complements of A, B respectively)
35.
Let A and B be two events such that P(A B) = 0.20, P(A B) = 0.15, P(A B) = 0.1,
then p(A/B) is equal to,
(A) 11/14
(B) 2/11
(C) 2/7
(D) 1/7
36.
Two numbers are chosen from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} one after another without replacement,
then find the probability that one of the smallest value is less than 4, is
(A) 4/5
(B) 1/15
(C) 1/5
(D) 14/15
37.
An unbiased die with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is rolled four times. Out of four face
value obtained, the probability that minimum face value is not less than 2 and the
maximum face value is not greater than 5 is equal to
16
1
(A)
(B)
81
81
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
47
80
65
(D)
81
81
Three numbers are selected at random one by one with replacement from the numbers
1, 2, 3, ., 60. The probability that the A.M of the numbers selected is 15 is
48
47
C2
C2
(A) 60
(B) 60
C3
C3
(C)
38.
44
(C)
C2
60
45
(D)
C2
60
39.
Three identical dice are rolled. The probability that the same number will appear on each
of them is
1
1
(A)
(B)
6
36
1
3
(C)
(D)
18
28
40.
A locker can be opened by dialling a fixed three digit code (between 000 and 999). A
stranger who does not know the code, tries to open the locker by dialling three digits at
random. The probability that the stranger succeeds at the kth trial. (Assume that the
stranger does not repeat unsuccessful combinations) is
k
k
(A) 1
(B)
1000
1000
k
C3
(C) 1000
C3
(D)
3
1000
41.
If two subsets A and B of set S containing n elements are selected at random, then the
probability that A B = and A B = S is
1
1
(A)
(B) n
2
2
4
1
3
(C)
(D) n
3
4
42.
One boy can solve 60% of the problems in a book and another can solve 80%. The
probability that at least one of the two can solve a problem chosen at random from the
book is
(A) 2/25
(B) 23/25
(C) 4/5
(D) 9/10
43.
Three dice are rolled. The probability that different numbers will appear on them is
(A) 2/3
(B) 4/9
(C) 5/9
(D) 2/9
44.
A speaks truth in 60% cases and B speaks truth in 70% cases. The probability that they
will say the same thing while describing single event is
(A) 0.56
(B) 0.54
(C) 0.38
(D) 0.94
45.
Let A = {2, 3, 4, .., 30}. A number is chosen from set A and found to be a prime number.
The probability that it is more than 15 is
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
(A) 4/5
(C) 1/5
48
(B) 2/5
(D) 3/5
46.
Four die are thrown simultaneously. The probability that 4 and 3 appear on two of the die
given that 5 and 6 have appeared on other two die is
1
1
(A)
(B)
6
36
12
(C)
(D) none of these
151
47.
In a game a coin is tossed (2n + m) times and a player wins if he does not get any two
consecutive outcomes same for atleast 2n times in a row. The probability that player wins
the game is
m2
2n 2
(A) 2n
(B)
2 1
22n
2n 2
m2
(C) 2n1
(D)
2
22n
48.
Three smallest squares are chosen randomly on a chess board the probability that these
squares have exactly two corners, but no side common is
80
72
(A) 64
(B) 64
C3
C3
(C)
63
64
C3
(D) none of these
49.
A fair coin is tossed 5 times then the probability that no two consecutive heads occur, is
11
15
(A)
(B)
32
32
13
(C)
(D) none of these
32
50.
The probabilities of winning a race by three persons A, B and C are
1 1
1
,
and
2 4
4
respectively. They run two races. The probability of A winning the second race when B
wins the first race is
1
1
(A)
(B)
3
2
2
1
(C)
(D)
3
4
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
49
Level II
1.
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 1/2 and P(B) = 2/3, then P(A B) may be
1
1
(A)
(B)
3
2
1
1
(C)
(D)
5
4
2.
There are 10 different objects 1, 2, 3, .10 arranged at random in 10 places marked 1, 2,

3, ..10. The probability that exactly five of these objects occupy places corresponding
to their number is
13
11
(A)
(B)
3600
3600
17
(C)
(D) None of these
3600
3.
Let X be a set containing n elements. If two subsets A and B of X are picked at random,
the probability that A and B have the same number of elements is
2n
1
Cn
(A)
(B) 2n
2n
Cn
2
n
1.3.5......(2n 1)
3
(C)
(D) n
n
2 .(n!)
4
4.
A bag contains 17 markers with numbers 1 to 17. A marker is drawn at random and then
replaced; a second marker is drawn then the probability that first number is even and
second is odd, is
72
72
(A)
(B)
289
712
9
(C)
(D) none of these
34
5.
For any two events A and B in a sample space

P A P B 1
(A) P(A/B)
, P(B) 0, is always true
P B
(B) P(A B) = P(A) P( A B ) does not hold.
(C) P(AB) = 1- P( A ) P( B ), if A and B are independent.
(D) P(AB) = 1 P( A ) P( B ), if A and B are disjoint
6.
If 9 digits (1 to 9) are arranged in the spaces of number 1263 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, what is the

probability that the number is divisible by 9
1
1
(A)
(B)
9
16
1
(C)
(D) 1
36
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
50
7.
A bag contains four tickets marked with numbers 112, 121, 211, 222. One ticket is drawn
at random from the bag. Let Ei (i = 1,2,3) denote the event that ith digit on the ticket is 2.
Then
(A) E1 and E2 are independent
(B) E2 and E3 are independent
(C) E3 and E1 are independent
(D) E1, E2, E3 are independent
8.
The probability that a randomly chosen 3 digit number has exactly 3 factors
2
7
(A)
(B)
225
900
1
(C)
(D) None of these.
800
9.
A and B are two events. The probability that at most one of A, B occurs is
(A) 1- P(AB)
(B) P(A) + P(B) P(AB)
(C) P(A) + P(B) + P(AB) -1
(D) P(AB) + P(AB) + P(AB)
10.
Two 8-faced dice (numbered from 1 to 8) are tossed. The probability that the product of
two counts is a square number, is
1
7
(A)
(B)
8
32
3
3
(C)
(D)
16
8
11.
There are n persons (n 3), among whom are A and B, who are made to stand in a row
in random order. Probability that there is exactly one person between A and B is
n-2
2(n - 2)
(A)
(B)
n(n - 1)
n(n - 1)
n2
(C)
C1
(D) none of these
C2
12.
An integer is chosen at random from first two hundred natural numbers then the
probability that integer is either divisible by 2, 6 or 8 is
1
1
(A)
(B)
2
4
29
(C)
(D) None of these.
100
13.
A fair coin is tossed 9 times the probability that at least 5 consecutive heads occurs is
5
3
(A)
(B)
64
32
1
(C) 9 C5
2
14.
(D) None of these
A bag contains n white and n black balls. Pairs of balls are drawn without replacement
untill the bag is empty. If the number of ways in which each pair consists of one black and
one white ball is 576, then n is equal to
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 24
(D) 12
51
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
15.
In a n sided regular polygon the probability that the two diagonal chosen at random will
intersect inside the polygon is
n(n 1)
2 n C2
C2
(A) (n C n)
(B) (n C n)
2
2
C2
C2
n
(C)
16.
If
C4
( C2 n)
C2
1 4p 1 p
1 2p
,
and
are the probabilities of three mutually exclusive events then
4
3
2
values of p may be
1
(A)
2
1
(C)
4
17.
(B)
1
3
(D) none of these
Cards are drawn one-by-one at random from a well shuffled full pack of 52 playing cards
until 2 aces are obtained for the first time. If N is the number of cards required to be
drawn, then P(N = n) (where 2 n 50) is given by
(A)
(C)
18.
(D) none of these
n 1 52 n 51 n
50 49 17 13
48 !
n 2 ! 50 n !
(B)
C1 48 Cn 2
52
Cn1
53 n
(D) none of these
A, B, C are events such that P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4, P(C) = 0.8, P(A B) = 0.08,
P(AC) = 0.28, P(ABC) = 0.09. If 0.75 P(ABC) 1, then P(BC) may be
(A) 0.21
(C) 0.35
(B) 0.24
(D) 0.5
19.
Out of 6 pairs of distinct gloves 8 gloves are randomly selected, then the probability that
there exist exactly 2 pairs in it is
16
1
(A)
(B)
33
3
12
10
(C)
(D)
33
33
20.
A cube painted red on all sides is cut into 125 equal small cubes. A small cube when
picked is found to show red color on one of its faces. The probability that two more faces
also show red color is
4
4
(A)
(B)
75
49
1
8
(C)
(D)
8
125
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
52
COMPREHENSIONS
Comprehension I
Read the following write up carefully:
Consider a random experiment in which the outcomes cannot be identified discretely. Then the
sample space of such an experiment will not contain distinguishable elements. An example of
such a sample space can be an interval in the set of real numbers. Consider the following
experiment:
Let your pen drop, tip downwards, into one of the pages of your notebook and note the point on
the paper that the pen first touches. Here the sample space S consists of all the points on the
paper.
Let R and C be the events that the pencil drops into a
rectangle and a circle as illustrated in the adjacent figure.
Clearly, the sample space S and event sets R and C
contain a uniform distribution of points. We consider only
those sample spaces which have some finite geometrical
measurement such as length, area and in which a point is
selected at random. The probability of an event R, i.e. the
selected point belongs to R will be given by
Length of R
Area of R
P(A)
or P(A)
.
Length of S
Area of S
Such a probability space is said to be uniform or
continuous.
We further illustrate it by the following example:
On the real line R, points a and b are selected at
random such that 0 a 3 and 2 b 0. We
find the probability that |a b| > 3.
Here, the sample space S consists of the
ordered pairs (a, b) and so forms the rectangular
region shown in the adjacent diagram. The
event set A consists of points (a, b) for which d =
|a b| > 3 or d = a b > 3 (since a b).
So, A is the region lying in S which lie below the
line x y = 3 and hence forms the shaded area
in the diagram. Thus, the desired probability
1
22
area of A 2
1
P(A)
area of S
32
3
Now answer the following questions (1 5):

1.
A point is selected at random inside a circle. The probability that the point is closer to the
centre of the circle than its circumference is
1
1
(A)
(B)
3
2
1
1
(C)
(D)
4
2
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
53
2.
A point is selected at random inside an equilateral triangle whose side length is 3. The
probability that its distance to any corner is greater than 1 is
2
2
(A)
(B) 1
9 3
9 3
(C)
3
9
(D) 1
3
9
3.
A point X is selected at random from a line segment AB with midpoint O. The probability
that the line segments AX, XB and AO can form a triangle is
1
1
(A)
(B)
3
2
1
3
(C)
(D)
4
4
4.
A coin of diameter
5.
In the above problem the probability that the coin does not intersect any line whose
equation is of the form x = k or y = k, k in as integer, is
1
1
(A)
(B)
3
2
2
1
(C)
(D)
3
4
1
is tossed randomly onto the rectangular Cartesian plane. The
2
probability that the coin does not intersect any line whose equation is of the form x = k, k
is an integer, is
1
1
2
(A) 1
(B)
2
2
1
1
(C)
(D)
4
2
Comprehension II
If A is one of 6 horses entered for a race and is to be ridden by one of two jockeys B and C. It is 2
to 1 that B rides A, in which case all the horses are equally likely to win. If C rides A, his chance of
winning is trebled, where
E the event that horse A wins
E1 the event that jockey B rides horse A
E2 the event that jockey C rides horse A
A1 = E1 E and A2 = E2 E, then
6.
E
is
E1
The value of P
(A)
1
3
(B)
1
6
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
54
1
2
The value of P(A2) is
1
(A)
3
1
(C)
2
(C)
7.
8.
(D) none of these
(B)
1
6
(D) none of these
The odds against winning of A is

(A) 2 : 1
(C) 13 : 5
(B) 1 : 1
(D) none of these
Comprehension III
A player A plays a game against a machine. At each round he deposits one rupee in a slot and
then flips a coin which has a probability p of showing a head. If a head shows, he gets back the
rupee he deposited and one more rupee from the machine. If a tail shows, he loses his rupee. Let
A starts with 10 rupees.
9.
The probability that he is left with no money by the 10 th round or earlier is

10
10
Cr pr q10 r
(A) q10
(B)
(C) pq9
(D) 1 p10
r 1
10.
The probability that he will be drained out of his rupee exactly at the eleventh round is
(A) q11
(B) 1 p11
(C) pq10 + q11
(D) 0
11.
The probability that all his money will be finished exactly at the twelfth round is
(A) q12
(B) 1 p12
10
11
(C) C1pq
(D) 0
MATCH THE COLUMN

1.
Match the column

List I
List II
(A).
A bag contains three white, two blue and four red balls. If four balls
are drawn one by one with replacement, then the probability that
sample contains just one white ball is
(i).
32
81
(B).
Two distinct numbers are selected from the numbers (1, 2, 3, 9),
then probability that their product is perfect square is
(ii).
1
9
(C).
If an integer q is chosen at random in the interval 10 q 10, then

3q
the probability that the roots of the equation x 2 + qx +
+ 1 = 0 are
4
real is
(iii).
17
21
55
(D).
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
Words from the letters of the word PROBABILITY are formed by
taking all letters at a time. The probability that both Bs are not
together and both Is are not together is
(iv).
53
55
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
56
ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

Level - I
1.
49
80
2.
P (E1) =
26
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
25
15.
C13
C13
26
4.
C13
42
347
2685
4096
24
29
1
5
m n 1
13.
2275
1375
1001
, P (E2) =
, P (E3) =
4651
4651
4651
6.
8.
10.
12.
Cn
14.
Cn
3(r 1)(r 2)
(w 1)(w 2)(w 3)
11
P9 . 24,
1
91
12
47
n
2n 1
1
7
4
1155
6
49
Level II
3
19
3.
7
16
6.
8.
10.
12.
3.2n 3
C3
2n
2n
2.
Cn
3(2m 1)
2(16m2 1)
45
146
3969
47
W
14.
W B
4
15(a).
35
(c).
one
4.
1
2
7.
Min. =
9.
11.
13.
8
, max. = 8
3
91
121
4
9
6
91
(b) 0
RSM-78-P4-MA-PR
57
ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

Level - I
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.
16.
19.
22.
25.
28.
31.
34.
37.
40.
43.
46.
49.
A
D
A
A
C
C
D
B
C
B
A
C
A
B
C
C
C
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
20.
23.
26.
29.
32.
35.
38.
41.
44.
47.
50.
B
B
D
C
D
C
C
A
C
D
A
A
C
B
B
D
B
3.
6.
9.
12.
15.
18.
21.
24.
27.
30.
33.
36.
39.
42.
45.
48.
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
C
A
D
B
A
B
B
B
C
3.
6.
9.
12.
15.
18.
A, C
D
A, B, C, D
A
C
B, C
Level II
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.
16.
19.
A, B, C, D
B
A, B, C
C
B
A, B, C
A
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
20.
B
A, C
B
B, C
A
A, B
B
ANSWERS TO COMPREHENSIONS
1.
4.
7.
10.
C
D
B
D
2.
5.
8.
11.
B
C
C
C
3.
6.
9.
A
B
A
ANSWERS TO MATCH THE COLUMN

1.
(A)
(i)
(B)
(ii)
(C)
(iii)
(D)
(iv)

Solved Problems (Subjective) : Prob 1

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RSM-78-P4-MA-PR

SOLVED PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

Last digit of a2 and b2

Hence required probability = (1 1 1 + 1 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 +

P (A B). P (A) P (B) (P (A) + P (B)) P (A) P (B)

Let E1 is the event that A is not present,

In a single throw with 3 dice, what is the chance of throwing

The total no. of possible cases is 63 = 216.

Probability of throwing less than 11 =

A bag contains a total of 20 books on physics and Mathematics. Any possible

Let Ei (i = 0, 1, 2, , 20) be the event that bag contains i books on mathematics.

An artillery target may be either at point A with probability

Let A = the even that the target is hit

A2 = the event the target is at point B.

Favourable ways for A0,

The total number of ways of choosing 4 squares out of 64

D3B3, D4B4, and DB.

SOLVED PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

Probability of getting at least seven points = Probability of getting 7 points or 8 points

We have 100C50p50 (1 p)50 = 100C51 p51(1-p)49

A four figure number is formed of the figures 1, 2, 3, 5 with no repetitions. The

A bag contains 4 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and another bag contains 6 tickets

Now probability of 'A' winning the game =

The number of ways of selecting three numbers out of N = NC3.

A square is inscribed in a circle. If p1 is the probability that a randomly chosen point of

If a be the radius of the circle, the area of the inscribed square = 2a 2

p(E1 E2) = 11!

p(E1 E2) = p(E1) + p(E2) p(E1 E2) =

lim P(w) lim

If P(ui) = c, where c is a constant then P(un/w) is equal to

ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

Fill in the Blanks (Q11 Q15):

Suppose a sample consist of the integers 1, 2, , 2n, the probability of choosing an

ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

One of two events must occur. If the chance of one is

(D) None of these

(D) none of these

simultaneously with probability 0.2, then P A + P B is

(D) none of these

The probabilities of winning a race by three persons A, B and C are

There are 10 different objects 1, 2, 3, .10 arranged at random in 10 places marked 1, 2,

For any two events A and B in a sample space

If 9 digits (1 to 9) are arranged in the spaces of number 1263 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, what is the

(D) none of these

(D) None of these

(D) none of these

(D) none of these

(D) none of these

Now answer the following questions (1 5):

(D) none of these

(D) none of these

The odds against winning of A is

The probability that he is left with no money by the 10 th round or earlier is

MATCH THE COLUMN

Match the column

If an integer q is chosen at random in the interval 10 q 10, then

ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (SUBJECTIVE)

ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS (OBJECTIVE)

ANSWERS TO MATCH THE COLUMN

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