Dell Laptop

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the study
1.2 Statement of the study
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Limitation of the study
Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga
INTRODUCTION
Now a days Laptops has become more popular in younger generation because
adaptation of new technology. Most people using the laptops like students, Business
man...Etc. They have to purchase of laptop because the laptops are very necessity for
this people in their work. Comparing to PC laptops is convenient and comfortable for
everyone.
The study is focused on the analysis of Consumer Attitude towards Dell laptop
taking Om computers as a case study in Shivamogga. Today, consumer is the king in the
market, consumer is the only judge. The reputation of a product is entirely dependent
upon his attitude towards the product. So his satisfaction should be ultimate motto of
the producers and marketer. Consumers interest should be taken into consideration
while taking marketing decision. It is through consumer satisfaction only the producers
and marketer can improve their sales and profit. Therefore a business firm in order to
come out successfully in the market environment into maintains a stable image has to
develop new products and new services that meet that meet the dynamic requirement of
the consumers.
Consumer buying decision is depending upon their behavior. Some time he/she
take rational and emotional decisions. Some of the consumers are have the emotional
feelings about the particular products. Consumers are concentrated on Quality, brand,
features of the product in their buying decision. When the company wants more
customers for business they will follow the best marketing strategy.
I have selected this topic for my project report because to know the consumer
opinion about dell laptop in shivamogga. This project report required the Details about
history, achievements and dynamic growth of the Dell Company. . The project on
consumer attitude towards laptops in as effort to bring out the details regarding the
marketing and consumer attitude towards laptops in shivamogga town.
Dell Company founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. No.1 PC provider in the U.S.
and No.2 worldwide. Based in Round Rock, Texas. Employs more than 82,700 people
worldwide. Grew during the 1980s and 1990s to become a brand. Direct Business
Model is the foundation for Dells business. Dell maintains a consistent focus on
offering the best value and customer experience. Dell is a trusted technology innovator
with a diversified, comprehensive IT portfolio. Dell is a global company committed to
its customers and employees.
Consumer because these are many option to get computer to carry on their
commercial or business transaction lets they may be personal computers, laptops, LCD
etc., Each of this leads the consumers to a state of large confusion even they are really
good updating technology computer magazines, catalogues etc., which provide them
with technical tests and compression test which tell the consumers about computers or
laptops, but do the list in informing the laptop reliability, service support and
availability of part etc
GENERAL INTRODUCATION
The project report offers detailed regarding the Customer Attitude towards Dell
laptops in Shivamogga City A Case Study of Om computer in Shivamogga
Consumers are who have to take interest for themselves to buy a needful product
for their commercial or personal actives. In this product operational definition of
concept is foundation of the subject for especially subject matter of laptop computer is
essential for every field and every business. Nearly consumer will have intention to buy
the so many computers but it is possible to take the computers from one place to
another. Therefore they intend to get extraordinary computers i.e., laptops, which can
be taken to any place. If this type of project will do could be understanding consumer
attitude. Their attitudes will changes from man to man and time to time, the people have
different attitudes. So how the people will behave while purchasing the laptop? What
are the factors to make buying laptop? How the frequently the consumers go for
purchasing? There are some of the questions covered under the consumer questionnaires
survey.
In order to gather, record, analyze and interpret the data systematically as got the
psychology process of consumer attitude are not directly observable. But must be
inferable from what people say are from their behavior. So in order to know their
attitudes towards laptop presently study is great ability affected.
SPECIFIC INTRODUCTION
It is a little hard to determine what was the first portable or laptop computer, the
first portable computers did not look like the book-sized and folding laptops that we are
familiar with today, however, they were both portable and lapable, and lead to the
development of notebook style laptops. I have outlined several potential firsts below
and how each qualifies, many of the off-site links provide good photos of the computers
that will let you see the progression in design.
The First Laptop Designed in 1979 by a Briton, William Moggridge, for Grid
Systems Corporation, the Grid Compass was one fifth the weight of any model
equivalent in performance and was used by NASA on the space shuttle program in the
early 1980's. A 340K byte bubble memory lap-top computer with die-cast magnesium
case and folding electroluminescent graphics display screen.
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
The study in general related to marketing practices of Dell Company in
marketing its laptops. However to analyze the customer attitude towards Dell laptops a
case study has been undertaken on Om computer, shivamogga. The opinion of
customers of Om computers have been collected and analyzed to evaluate marketing
practices in relation to dell laptops. The study therefore present profile of Dell Company
and Om computers, shivamogga.
Therefore the research problem has been sated as A study on consumer attitude
towards Dell laptop with special reference of Om computer, shivamogga.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To analyze the consumer attitude and expectations towards Dell laptop.
To examine the factors influencing while purchasing the laptop..
To analyze the marketing strategy adopted by the dealer.
To evaluate the competitive advantage of the Dell laptop in the context of

overall industrial share
To analyze the future growth prospective of Dell laptop in Shimoga
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is restricted to the study of consumer attitude, behavior
like response towards the laptop of DELL Company. The area of the study has been
restricted to Shivamogga City only. The survey has been conducted on the people of
Shivamogga.
METHODOLOGY
The researcher has taken the basis of both secondary and primary data for
undertaking research work.
Primary data
The primary data has been collected through the personal interview with the
respondents. Sample size has been determined to be 50. Although the sample size is
concerned to be small consequent to the time and cost constraints, the researcher has
taken care to give proper representation to different demographic factory to make the
sample representative.
The data so collected has been analyzed and interpret using simple statistical
tool like table, percentage, diagrams etc. The suggestions have been given on the basis
of findings of the survey.
Secondary Data
The secondary data has been collected from the sources like internet, reports,
literature, text books etc. These information are use to analyze and present history of
laptop Dell company.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research study has confined that certain limitation. Most important of
limitations as follows.
Project work and study is confined to Shivamogga town only.
Lack of co-operation of consumers
Only few members were surveyed. Large number of consumers is spread over
wide area.
Consumers were hesitated to give real information.
There are many chances of consumers justifying his purchase whether it is
wrong or right. This creates a bias in response.
This study has carried out under time constant, due to this we have drawn our
interface with whatever little response we get.
CHAPTER 2
INDUSTRY PROFILE
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Growth of the Industry
The evaluation of computer has passed through a number of stages before it
reached the present it reached the present state of development. The developments of
the first calculating device named abacus dates back to 3000 BC from the abacus to the
micro computer, the counting system have undergone a tremendous change.
Abacus
The Stone Age man pebbles for counting when man becomes more civilized,
abacus came into use. Abacus seems to be the earliest calculating machine which was
developed by Chinese in 3000 years ago. It consists of a rectangular wooden frame with
horizontal rows which carry round beads. Counting is done by shifting the beads from
one side to another. Each of two beads on the left hand side of the cross bar has a value
of one. The top most line represents the units digit the second line the tens digit and so
on. Numbers are entered in reverse starting from top to bottom.
The growth of computer after the end of the Second World War was rapid, but
this development took place in the five district phases known as computer generation.
Different generations are classified by computer technology of basic computing
elements.
First generation
1945-49
Second generation
1950-56
Fifth generation
1957-66
Fourth generation
1967-75
Third generation
1980
First generation 1945-1949

The first generation computers were the voluminous computers this computer
used electronic values like which are used in radius and in hybrid televisions. Here
resistors capacitors were used. ENIAC was the television here resistor and capacitors
are 70000 and 10000 and it was consuming very heavy power first type of languages
that ever used for computer consisted of 0s and 1s has mentioned earlier this was
called as machine level language.
Second generation 1950-1956
The computer uses soon realized that the get more out of the machine, it was
very necessary to make the communication with the computer use mnemonics.
Mnemonics are nothing but easy to remember short cuts to certain complex instructions.
This made of writing programmes slightly easier but the bulk of job of job remains
same. First and Second languages are called as low level languages.
Third generation 1957-1966
The third computers were introduced in 1964. These had integrated transistors
circuit(IC) Having higher speed, large storage capacities and lower price. These
computers called mini computers. This computer used ICs built on wafer this slices of
extremely purified silicon crystals called chip. These are small size, low cost, large
memory ultra fast computer. These are mainly used for education and conducting
different affairs of local Government and small business.
Fourth generation 1967-1975
ICs which have an entire computer circuitry on a single chip are called micro
processor. The computers using this chip as Micro Processors, Intel Corporation of USA
invents this Micro Processor chip 1971 and become more popular as the Fourth
Generation Computer. Computers recognized only binary numbers. A number system
made up of only two organize, i.e., binary numbers. It means a number system made
only two numbers. That is 0s and 1s is called as binary digits in short bit.
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8bits=1byte
4bits=1nibble
1024bytes=1 kilo byte
1024KB=1 MB
1024MB=1 GB
1024GB=1 TB
Fifth generation 1980
The fifth generation is the story of super breed of computer. They are invented
by the Japanese. These computers were containing bits of information and will be able
to think and make decision, and in certain instance better than human being. Artificial
Intelligence is the emerging from the imagination to take its place in the real work. This
generation in all set to bring the momentary qualitative changes in human life styles.
History
History of laptops
Alan Kay with "Dynabook" prototype (5 November 2008 in Mountain View,

California)
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The Epson HX-20

As the personal computer (PC) became feasible in the 1971, the idea of a
portable personal computer followed. A "personal, portable information
manipulator" was imagined by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968, and described
in his 1972 paper as the "Dynabook".
The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP), was demonstrated
in 1973. This prototype was based on the IBM PALM processor (Put All Logic in
Microcode or 128 bit).
The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in
September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.
As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables
increased rapidly. The Osborne 1, released in 1981, used the Zilog Z80 and
weighed 23.6 pounds (10.7 kg). It had no battery, a 5 in (13 cm) CRT screen, and
dual 5.25 in (13.3 cm) single-density floppy drives. In the same year the first
laptop-sized portable computer, the Epson HX-20, was announced. The Epson
had a LCDscreen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer in a 1.6 kg
(3.5 lb)
chassis.
Both Tandy/RadioShack and HP also
produced
portable
computers of varying designs during this perio

The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s.
The Dulmont Magnum was released in Australia in 198182, but was not
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marketed internationally until 198485. The US$8,150 (US$19,920 today) GRiD

Compass 1100, released in 1982, was used atNASA and by the military among
others. The Gavilan SC, released in 1983, was the first computer described as a
"laptop" by its manufacturer From 1983 onward, several new input techniques
were developed and included in laptops, including the touchpad(Gavilan SC,
1983), the pointing stick (IBM ThinkPad 700, 1992) and handwriting recognition
(Linus Write-Top,[10] 1987). Some CPUs, such as the 1990 Intel i386SL, were
designed to use minimum power to increase battery life of portable computers,
and were supported by dynamic power management features such as
Intel SpeedStep and AMD PowerNow! in some designs.
Displays reached VGA resolution by 1988 (Compaq SLT/286), and colour
screens started becoming a common upgrade in 1991 with increases in resolution
and screen size occurring frequently until the introduction of 17"-screen laptops
in 2003. Hard drives started to be used in portables, encouraged by the
introduction of 3.5" drives in the late 1980s, and became common in laptops
starting with the introduction of 2.5" and smaller drives around 1990; capacities
have typically lagged behind physically larger desktop drives. Optical
storage, read-only CD-ROM followed by writeable CD and later read-only or
writeable DVD and Blu-ray, became common in laptops early in the 2000s.
Desktop replacement
A desktop-replacement computer is a large laptop which is not intended primarily
for mobile use; they are bulkier and not as portable as other laptops, and they are
intended for use as compact and transportable alternatives to a desktop
computer. They were traditionally intended to provide the approximate
capabilities of a desktop computer, with a similar level of performance, but since
around 2010 the distinction in performance between mainstream desktop and
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laptops have disappeared. The distinction lives on in size: desktop replacements

are larger and (typically) heavier than other classes of laptops. They are capable
of containing more powerful components and have a 15" or larger display.
Their operation time on batteries is typically shorter than other laptops; in rare
cases they have no battery at all. In the past, some laptops in this class use a
limited range of desktop components to provide better performance for the same
price at the expense of battery life, although the practice has largely died out.
Up until the early 2000s, desktops were more powerful, easier to upgrade, and
much cheaper than laptops, but in later years laptops have become much cheaper
and more powerful than before, and most peripherals are available in laptopcompatible USB versions which minimize the need for internal add-on cards.
The names "Media Center Laptops" and "Gaming Laptops" are used to
describe specialized notebook computers, often overlapping with the desktop
replacement form factor.
Sony VAIO P series subnotebook
Subnotebook
A subnotebook or ultraportable is a laptop designed and marketed with an
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emphasis on portability (small size, low weight and often longer battery life).
Subnotebooks are usually smaller and lighter than standard laptops, weighing
between 0.8 and 2 kg (2 to 5 pounds); the battery life can exceed 10 hours.
[17]
Since the introduction of netbooks and ultrabooks, the line between
subnotebooks and either category has been blurry; netbooks are in essence a
cheap subcategory of subnotebooks, and while some ultrabooks have a screen
size too large to qualify as a subnotebook, most ultrabooks are also
subnotebooks..
To achieve the size and weight reductions, ultraportables use 13" and smaller
screens (down to 6.4") Most subnotebooks achieve a further portability
improvement by omitting an optical/removable media drive. In the past, they
often had relatively few ports but with the move to standardize on USB and
HDMI this distinction has largely vanished.
Similarly, in the past they often employed expensive components designed for
minimal size and best power efficiency, and utilized advanced materials and
construction methods, but over the past several years these techniques and parts
have become mainstream and there is often little distinction besides screen size.
The term "subnotebook" is generally reserved to laptops that run general-purpose
desktop operating systems such as Windows, Linux or Mac OS X, rather than a
mobile-device-specific
OS
such
as Windows
CE, iOS, Palm
OS or Android (although in a few cases devices marketed as laptops have used

those operating systems). At present, two cases,Windows RT and the Chrome
OS,
tend
to
blur
the
branding;
there
is
little
to
distinguish
the
smaller ChromeBook models from any reasonable general definition of

subnotebooks.
At Computex
2011 Intel announced
new
class
for
ultraportables
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called Ultrabooks. The term is used to describe a highly portable laptop that has
strict limits for size, weight, battery life, and have tablet-like features such as
instant on functionality. Intel estimates that by the end of 2012, 40 percent of the
consumer laptop market segment will be Ultrabooks. Since then, the term has
entered general parlance for thin-and-light notebooks, regardless of whether they
can legally be sold as "Ultrabooks" under the trademark.
Netbook
A Samsung Chromebook.
Netbooks are a market segment of laptops that are inexpensive, light-weight,
economical, energy-efficient and especially suited for wireless communication
and Internet access. Hence the name netbook (as "the device excels in web-based
computing performance"). The term came to prominence in the late 2000s, and is
largely obsolete as of 2013, although a few of the least powerful lightweight
notebooks retain that branding.
With primary focus given to web browsing and e-mailing, netbooks are intended
to "rely heavily on the Internet for remote access to web-based applications" and
are targeted increasingly at cloud computing users who rely on servers and
require a less powerful client computer. A common distinguishing feature is the
lack of optical disk (i.e. CD, DVD or Blu-ray) drives. While the devices range in
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size from below 5 inches to over 12 inches, most are between 9 and 11 inches
(280 mm) and weigh between 0.91.4 kg (23 pounds)
Netbooks were mostly sold with light-weight operating systems such
as Linux, Windows XP and Windows 7 Starter edition.
Netbooks had a few disadvantages. In order to limit weight and cost, the first
products introduced to the market utilized very small early-generation solid-state
drives for internal storage instead of traditional hard disks, lowering storage
space tremendouslytypical sizes were between 8gb-16gb at a time when
typical low end laptop hard drives were 120-160gband unlike modern solid
state drives, offered little to no performance benefit over rotational disk. Hard
disk drive technology and form factors have since been adapted to fit into
netbooks providing more hard drive space without much increase cost, a key
point of a netbook. Another issue with netbooks is expansion. In order to produce
small, inexpensive laptops, netbooks generally lack significant upgrade ability,
and the Atom processors used in most netbooks tend to have their own limits.
A majority of netbooks only have a single memory slot and will not recognize
any amount beyond 2 GB of RAM. This limits the capabilities of the netbook
beyond basic functionality (internet, e-mail, etc.). Finally because of their size
and cost compared to typical subnotebooks, netbooks almost always have a
slower CPU[24]
The big breakthrough for netbook computers did not happen until the weight,
diagonal form-factor and price combination of < 1 kg, < 9", < U.S. $400,
respectively, became commercially available in around 2008.
In 2009, Google announced an operating system called Google Chrome OS for
this market and in 2011 the Google Chromebook was released running on the
Google Chrome OS; Google has never advertised the Chromebook machines as a
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netbook, because it is an evolution of the concept into a new class of device since
it is used primarily while connected to the Internet.
With the rise of tablets, ultrabooks, Chromebook and MacBook Air, the niche of
netbooks is gone, so all major netbook producing companies stopped producing
them by the end of 2012.
Rugged laptop
A rugged/ruggedized laptop is designed to reliably operate in harsh usage

conditions such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures, and wet or dusty
environments. Rugged laptops are usually designed from scratch, rather than
adapted from regular consumer laptop models. Rugged laptops are bulkier,
heavier, and much more expensive than regular laptops, and thus are seldom seen
in regular consumer use.
The design features found in rugged laptops include rubber sheeting under the
keyboard keys, sealed port and connector covers, passive cooling, superbright
displays easily readable in daylight, cases and frames made of magnesium alloys
that are much stronger than plastic found in commercial laptops, and solid-state
storage devices or hard disc drives that are shock mounted to withstand constant
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vibrations. Rugged laptops are commonly used by public safety services (police,
fire and medical emergency), military, utilities, field service technicians,
construction, mining and oil drilling personnel. Rugged laptops are usually sold
to organizations, rather than individuals, and are rarely marketed via retail
channels.
Convertible laptop
A tablet laptop with stylus

Typical modern convertible laptops have a complex joint between the keyboard
housing and the display permitting the display panel to swivel and then lie flat on
the keyboard housing. Tablet laptops also contain touch screen displays alongside
the traditional touchpad.
Typically, the base of a tablet laptop attaches to the display at a single joint called
a swivel hinge or rotating hinge. The joint allows the screen to rotate through
180 and fold down on top of the keyboard to provide a flat writing surface. This
design, although the most common, creates a physical point of weakness on the
laptop.
Some manufacturers have attempted to overcome these weak points by adopting
innovative methods such as a sliding design in which the screen slides up from
the slate-like position and locks into place to provide the laptop mode. Newer
iterations of tablet laptops are of hybrid design. Hybrid tablets incorporate a
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removable keyboard base allowing the user to easily choose between functioning
as a laptop with the keyboard attached or as a slate device utilizing the touch
screen alone.
A variant of notebook has 2 screens, inner screen is usual as notebook and the
outer screen (back to back with inner screen) can be used as tablet which can be a
mirror from inner screen or even both can run different applications together.[28]
Another variant has 2 processors, 2 Operating Systems and 2 storage devices
which can run either Windows 8 or Android and can switch between the
operating system by press a button.
Components
Miniaturization: a comparison of a desktop computer motherboard (ATXform

factor) to a motherboard from a 13" laptop (2008 unibody Macbook)
Inner view of a Sony VAIO laptop
The basic components of laptops function identically to their desktop
counterparts; traditionally they were miniaturized and adapted to mobile use,
although as of the present decade (2010-) an increasing number of desktop
systems use the same smaller, lower-power parts which originally evolved for
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mobile use. The design bounds on power, size, and cooling of laptops limit the
maximum performance of laptop parts compared to that of desktop components,
although that difference has increasingly narrowed over recent years.
The following list summarizes the differences and distinguishing features of
laptop components in comparison to desktop personal computer parts:
Central processing unit (CPU): Laptop CPUs have advanced powersaving features and produce less heat than processors intended purely for
desktop use; typically these days they will have two processor cores,
although 4-core models are available. For low price and mainstream
performance, there is no longer a distinction between laptop CPU
performance and desktop, but at the high end the fastest 4-to-8-core desktop
processors still substantially outperform the fastest 4-core laptop processors,
at the expense of massively higher power utilization and heat generationthe
fastest laptop processors top out at 56 watts of heat, while the fastest desktop
processors top out at 150 watts.
There have been a wide range of CPUs designed for laptops available from
both Intel, AMD and other manufacturers. On non-x86architectures, Motorola
and IBM produced the chips for the former PowerPC-based Apple laptops
(iBook and PowerBook). Many laptops have removable CPUs, although this has
become less common in the past few years as the trend has been to increasingly
thin and light models. In other laptops the CPU is soldered on the motherboard
and is non-replaceable; this is nearly universal in ultrabooks, for example.
In the past, some laptops have used a desktop processor instead of the laptop
version and have high performance gains at the cost of greater weight, heat, and
limited battery life. The practice is largely extinct as of 2013.
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A SODIMM memory module
Display: Most modern laptops feature 13 inches (33 cm) or larger

color active matrix displays based on CCFL or LED lighting with resolutions
of 1280800 (16:10) or 1366 768 (16:9) pixels and above. Models with
LED-based lighting offer lesser power consumption, and often higher
brightness. Netbooks with a 10 inches (25 cm) or smaller screen typically use
a resolution of 1024600, while netbooks and subnotebooks with a 11.6
inches (29 cm) or 12 inches (30 cm) screen use standard notebook
resolutions. Having a higher resolution display may allow more items to fit
onscreen at a time, improving the user's ability to multitask, although at the
higher resolutions on smaller screens, the resolution may only serve to
display sharper graphics and text rather than increasing the usable area. Since
the introduction of the MacBook Pro with Retina display in 2012, there has
been an increase in the availability of very-high resolution (FHD 1920x1080
and higher) displays, even in relatively small systems, and in typical 15"
screens resolutions as high as 3200x1800 are available.
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Laptops commonly use 2.5" hard disk drives, which are much smaller than
desktop hard drives.
Removable media drives: until recently. DVD/CD reader/writer drive was

nearly universal on full-sized models, and it remains fairly common for now
although the trend towards thinner and lighter machines will probably
eliminate it. It is very uncommon on subnotebooks and unknown on netbooks
or ultrabooks. Laptop optical drives tend to follow a standard form factor, and
usually have a standard mini-SATA connector (not to be confused with
Micro-SATA used for SSD cards); it is often possible to replace an optical
drive with a newer model, or to replace it with a second hard drive using a
caddy that fills the extra space the optical drive would have occupied.
Internal storage: Laptop hard disks are physically smaller2.5 inches

(64 mm) or 1.8 inches (46 mm) compared to desktop 3.5 inches (89 mm)
drives. Some newer laptops (usually ultraportables) employ more expensive,
but faster, lighter and power-efficient flash memory-based SSDs instead.
Currently, 250 GB to 1 TB sizes are common for laptop hard disks (64 to 512
GB for SSDs).
Input: A pointing stick, touchpad or both are used to control the position
of the cursor on the screen, and an integrated keyboard is used for typing. An
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external keyboard and/or mouse may be connected using USB or PS/2 port,
or wirelessly via a USB receiver orBluetooth (if present).
Ports: several USB ports, an external monitor port (VGA, DVI, miniDisplayPort or HDMI), audio in/out (sometimes via a single connector), and
often an Ethernet network port are found on most laptops. Legacy ports such
as a PS/2 keyboard/mouse port, serial port, parallel port or Firewire are
increasingly rare. On Apple's systems, and on a handful of non-Appleproduced laptops, there are also Thunderbolt ports.
Advantages
Portability is usually the first feature mentioned in any comparison of laptops
versus desktop PCs. Physical portability allows that a laptop can be used in many
places not only at home and at the office, but also during commuting and
flights, in coffee shops, in lecture halls and libraries, at clients' location or at a
meeting room, etc. The portability feature offers several distinct advantages:
Productivity: Using a laptop in places where a desktop PC can not be

used, and at times that would otherwise be wasted. For example, an office
worker managing their e-mails during an hour-long commute by train, or a
student doing his/her homework at the university coffee shop during a break
between lectures.
Immediacy: Carrying a laptop means having instant access to various

information, personal and work files. Immediacy allows better collaboration
between coworkers or students, as a laptop can be flipped open to present a
problem or a solution anytime, anywhere.
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Up-to-date information: If a person has more than one desktop PC, a

problem of synchronization arises: changes made on one computer are not
automatically propagated to the others. There are ways to resolve this
problem, including physical transfer of updated files (using a USB flash
memory stick or CDRs) or using synchronization software over the Internet.
However, using a single laptop at both locations avoids the problem entirely,
as the files exist in a single location and are always up-to-date.
Connectivity: A proliferation of Wi-Fi wireless networks and cellular

broadband data services (HSDPA, EVDO and others) combined with a nearubiquitous support by laptops means that a laptop can have easy Internet and
local network connectivity while remaining mobile. Wi-Fi networks and
laptop programs are especially widespread at university campuses.
Other advantages of laptops:
Size: Laptops are smaller than desktop PCs. This is beneficial when space
is at a premium, for example in small apartments and student dorms. When
not in use, a laptop can be closed and put away.
Low power consumption: Laptops are several times more powerefficient than desktops. A typical laptop uses 20120 W, compared to 100
800 W for desktops. This could be particularly beneficial for businesses
(which run hundreds of personal computers, multiplying the potential
savings) and homes where there is a computer running 24/7 (such as a home
media server, print server, etc.)
Quiet: Laptops are often quieter than desktops, due both to the
components (quieter, slower 2.5-inch hard drives) and to less heat production
leading to use of fewer and slower cooling fans.
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Battery: a charged laptop can continue to be used in case of a power

outage and is not affected by short power interruptions and blackouts. A
desktop PC needs a UPS to handle short interruptions, blackouts and spikes;
achieving on-battery time of more than 2030 minutes for a desktop PC
requires a large and expensive UPS.
All-in-One: designed to be portable, laptops have everything integrated

into the chassis. For desktops (excluding all-in-ones) this is divided into the
desktop, keyboard, mouse, display, and optional peripherals such as speakers.
Performance
While the performance of mainstream desktops and laptop is comparable, and the
cost of laptops has fallen less rapidly than desktops, laptops remain more
expensive than desktop PCs at the same performance level. The upper limits of
performance of laptops remain much lower than the highest-end desktops
(especially "workstation class" machines with two processor sockets), and
"bleeding-edge" features usually appear first in desktops and only then, as the
underlying technology matures, are adapted to laptops.
For Internet browsing and typical office applications, where the computer spends
the majority of its time waiting for the next user input, even relatively low-end
laptops (such as Netbooks) can be fast enough for some users. As of mid-2010, at
the lowest end, the cheapest netbooksbetween US$200300remain more
expensive than the lowest-end desktop computers (around US$200) only when
those are priced without a screen/monitor. Once an inexpensive monitor is added,
the prices are comparable.
Most higher-end laptops are sufficiently powerful for high-resolution movie
playback, some 3D gaming and video editing and encoding. However, laptop
processors can be disadvantaged when dealing with higher-end database, maths,
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engineering, financial software, virtualization, etc. Also, the top-of-the-line

mobile graphics processors (GPUs) are significantly behind the top-of-the-line
desktop GPUs to a greater degree than the processors, which limits the utility of
laptops for high-end 3D gaming and scientific visualization applications.
Upgradeability
Upgradeability of laptops is very limited compared to desktops, which are
thoroughly standardized. In general, hard drives and memory can be upgraded
easily. Optical drives and
internal
may be upgraded if they follow an industry
standard, but all other internal components, including the motherboard, CPU and
graphics,
are
not
always
intended
to
be
upgradeable. Intel, Asus, Compal, Quanta and some other laptop manufacturers
have created the Common Building Block standard for laptop parts to address
some of the inefficiencies caused by the lack of standards.
The reasons for limited upgradeability are both technical and economic. There is
no industry-wide standard form factor for laptops; each major laptop
manufacturer pursues its own proprietary design and construction, with the result
that laptops are difficult to upgrade and have high repair costs. With few
exceptions, laptop components can rarely be swapped between laptops of
competing manufacturers, or even between laptops from the different productlines of the same manufacturer.
Some upgrades can be performed by adding external devices, either USB or in
expansion card format such as PC Card. Devices such as sound cards, network
adapters, hard and optical drives, and numerous other peripherals are available,
but these upgrades usually impair the laptop's portability, because they add cables
and boxes to the setup and often have to be disconnected and reconnected when
27
the laptop is on the move.

Ergonomics and health effects
Wrists
Laptop cooler (silver) under laptop (white), preventing heating of lap and
improving laptop airflow
Because of their small and flat keyboard and trackpad pointing devices,
prolonged use of laptops can cause repetitive strain injury. Usage of separate,
external ergonomic keyboards and pointing devices is recommended to prevent
injury when working for long periods of time; they can be connected to a laptop
easily by USB or via a docking station. Some health standards require ergonomic
keyboards at workplaces.
Neck, spinal
The integrated screen often requires users to lean over for a better view, which
can cause neck and/or spinal injuries. A larger and higher-quality external screen
can be connected to almost any laptop to alleviate that and to provide additional
screen space for more productive work. Another solution is to use a computer
stand.
28
For anyone not buying a new screen, a simple method to reduce risk of spinal
injury is to position the laptop's screen in a manner that an obtuse angle (more
than 90 degrees open) is formed. It is then possible for the neck to remain
straight during use of the device.
Possible effect on fertility
A study by State University of New York researchers found that heat generated
from laptops can increase the temperature of the lap of male users when
balancing the computer on their lap, potentially putting sperm count at risk. The
study, which included roughly two dozen men between the ages of 21 and 35,
found that the sitting position required to balance a laptop can increase scrotum
temperature by as much as 2.1 C (3.78 F). However, further research is needed
to determine whether this directly affects malesterility.
A 2010 study of 29 males published in Fertility and Sterility found that men who
kept their laptops on their laps experienced scrotal hyperthermia (overheating) in
which their scrotal temperatures increased by up to 2 C. The resulting heat
increase, which could not be offset by a laptop cushion, may increase male
infertility.
A common practical solution to this problem is to place the laptop on a table or
desk, or to use a book or pillow between the body and the laptop Another
solution is to obtain a cooling unit for the laptop. These are usually USB powered
and consist of a hard thin plastic case housing one, two or three cooling fans
with the entire assembly designed to sit under the laptop in question which
results in the laptop remaining cool to the touch, and greatly reduces laptop heat
buildup.
Thighs
29
Heat generated from using a laptop on the lap can also cause skin discoloration
on the thighs known as "toasted skin syndrome."
Durability
A clogged heat sink on a laptop after 2.5 years of use

Equipment wears
Because of their portability, laptops are subject to more wear and physical
damage than desktops. Components such as screen hinges, latches, power
jacks and power cords deteriorate gradually from ordinary use. A liquid spill onto
the keyboard, a rather minor mishap with a desktop system, can damage the
internals of a laptop and result in a costly repair. One study found that a laptop is
three times more likely to break during the first year of use than a desktop.
In order to help maintain a laptop, it is recommended to clean a laptop every
three months for dirt, debris, dust, and food particles. Most cleaning kits consist
of a lint-free or Microfiber cloth for the LCD screen and keyboard, compressed
air for getting dust out of the fan, and cleaning solution. It is also important to
never use harsh chemicals such as bleach as they can cause damage to your
laptop.
Parts replacement
Original external components are expensive, and usually proprietary and non-
30
interchangeable; other parts are inexpensivea power jack can cost a few dollars
but their replacement may require extensive disassembly and reassembly of
the laptop by a technician. Other inexpensive but fragile parts often cannot be
purchased separate from larger more expensive components. The repair costs of a
failed motherboard or LCD panel often exceed the value of a used laptop.
Heating and cooling
Laptops rely on extremely compact cooling systems involving a fan and heat
sink that can fail from blockage caused by accumulated airborne dust and debris.
Most laptops do not have any type of removable dust collection filter over the air
intake for these cooling systems, resulting in a system that gradually causes it to
conduct more heat and noise as the years pass. In some cases the laptop starts to
overheat even at idle load levels. This dust is usually stuck inside, where the fan
and heat sink meet, where casual cleaning and vacuuming cannot remove it.
Compressed air can dislodge the dust and debris but may not always remove it;
after the device is turned on, the loose debris builds back up the cooling system
by the fans. A complete dis-assembly is usually required to clean the laptop.
Many laptops are difficult to disassemble by the normal user and contain
components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD).
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Battery life
Battery life is limited because the capacity drops with time, eventually requiring
replacement after as little as a year. A new battery typically stores enough energy
to run the laptop for three to five hours, depending on usage, configuration, and
power management settings. Yet, as it ages, the battery's energy storage will
dissipate progressively until it lasts only a few minutes. The battery is often
easily replaceable and a higher capacity model may be obtained for longer life.
Some laptops (specifically ultrabooks) do not have the usual removable battery
and have to be brought to the service center of its manufacturer to have its battery
replaced. Replacement batteries can also be expensive.
32
CHAPTER 3
DELL - COMPANY PROFILE
33
DELL- COMPANY PROFILE

Overview
Dell is the world's leading computer systems company. They design, build and
customize products and services to satisfy a range of customer requirements. From the
server, storage and Premier Services needs of the largest global corporations, to those of
consumers at home.
They do business directly with customers, one at a time, and believe they do it
better than anyone on the planet.
Over the last 18 years, Dell has emerged as one of the most successful
technology franchises in the United States. Founded in 1984 and public since 1988, Dell
has be-come one of the largest suppliers of personal computers in the world, growing
revenue from less than $1 billion in fiscal 1992 to over $31 billion in fiscal 2002. Today, Dell commands 15% of the worldwide PC market and has over 35,000 employees
with manufacturing facilities in Texas, Tennessee, Brazil, Ireland, China and Malaysia.
While Dell operates a highly collaborative research and development model, leveraging
technology partners Microsoft and Intel, among others, Dell has 730 patents and 535
pending patents that include everything from manufacturing process patents to
computer design patents.
We attribute Dells success within the computer industry to its unique, low-cost
business model, direct sales approach and collaborative research and development. By
focusing on leveraging its core competency in supply-chain management and low-cost
manufacturing within mature technology segments, such as PCs, Dell has a proven
strategy to disrupt traditional technology business models that rely on proprietary
technology or multistage sales and distribution. A key part of Dells success stems from
leveraging widely available industry technology within a low-cost manufacturing
framework as a way of displacing the competition. This is already evident by marketshare gains in PCs, and it is becoming more evident by recent success in servers,
34
storage and low-end networking.

Today, about 46% of Dells total revenue is tied to PC hardware while the
remaining 54% of revenue is tied to enterprise systems (storage, servers, networking,
etc.), third-party products and services (both PC and non-PC related). Interestingly,
while PC hardware accounts for 46% of total revenue, non-PC hardware accounts for
more than 50% of total gross profit. Going forward, we believe profit growth, as it is
today, will be driven primarily by non-PC hardware revenue.
HISTORY OF DELL
Michael Dell, in 1984 founded Dell in order to directly serve their customers
with computers that meet their needs. The company was called PC's Limited and he was
still a student at University of Texas at the time. The following year, Dell came out with
their very first computer called the Turbo, which had an eight-megahertz processor. The
major goal was to produce personal computer systems that were IBM compatible and
were produced or entirely stock parts.
What set the company apart was not just its consumer-oriented focus but also its
allowance for people to customize their computers during the ordering process. Because
each computer was individually assembled, this was possible. The company grossed 73
million dollars in the first year. The company went public in 1988 offering shares for
$8.50 a piece.
The first Dell laptop made its debut in 1991 and by 1993; it became one of the
top five computer companies in the world. By 1995, those $8.50 shares were worth
$100. The progress of the business was rapid and in 1997, Dell had shipped its ten
millionth systems.
In 1996, Dell began selling their products through their website and three years
35
later they took over Compaq Jumping forward a bit, in 2003, Dell introduced their first
Dell printers for the public, including those intended for the average consumer and
businesses. Dell printers are known for being versatile and easy to use; however a
recent development has brought skepticism to the company when Lexmark began
working with them whom modified their cartridges so that they don't work with Dell
printers.
However, Dell has a long track record with customer satisfaction, at the very
least in regards to their computer product
COMPANY PROFILE
Type
Traded as
Public
NASDAQ: DELL
SEHK: 4331
NASDAQ-100 Component
S&P 500 Component
Industry
Computer hardware
Computer software
IT consulting
IT services
Founded
Austin, Texas, U.S.

(May 1, 1984)
Founder(s)
Michael Dell
Headquarters
1 Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas, United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Michael Dell
(Chairman & CEO)
Products
Desktops, n0tbooks, notebooks, peripherals, servers, printers,

scanners, smartphones, storages, televisions
Revenue
US$ 63.07 billion (2012)
36
Operating income
US$ 4.43 billion (2012)
Net income
US$ 3.49 billion (2012)
Total assets
US$ 44.53 billion (2012)
Total equity
US$ 8.91 billion (2012)
Employees
110,000 (2012)
Subsidiaries
Alienware, Dell Services, Force10, SonicWall, WYSE,

SecureWorks, KACE Networks, Exanet, Compellent,
AppAssure Software, Quest Software, Make Technologies
Dell.com
Website
COMPANY HERITAGE
From unconventional PC startup to global technology leader, the common thread
in Dells heritage is an unwavering commitment to the customer. Explore the company
timeline below to learn how this guiding principle built Dell and inspired IT solutions
and services that give customers the power to do more. Growing at roughly 80 percent
annually, Dell takes the plunge and goes public. The company, now officially renamed
Dell Computer Corporation, uses the newly acquired capital to expand its product
offerings and global presence.
1984: At age 19, Michael Dell founded PC's Limited with $1,000 and a game-changing
vision for how technology should be designed, manufactured and sold. As a pre-med
freshman at the University of Texas at Austin, Michael starts a new computer business
under the name of PC's Limited. He left his dorm room at the end of his freshman year
to devote all of his time to growing the business.
1985: We design and build our first computer system, the Turbo PC, featuring an Intel
8088 processor running at 8MHz, a 10MB hard drive and a 5.25" floppy drive. We
establish customer experience as a Dell differentiator with risk-free returns and nextday, at-home product assistance, among the first in our industry.
1986: We unveil the industry's fastest performing PC a 12MHz, 286-based system
37
at the Spring Comdex trade show.

1987: We open our first international subsidiary in the United Kingdom.
1988: After just four years, Dell completes its initial public offering, raising $30 million
and increasing market capitalization from $1,000 to $85 million.
1989: Dell joins the mobile computing revolution with its first laptop computer, the
316LT.
1990: We open a manufacturing center in Limerick, Ireland, to better serve customers in
Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
1991: International sales more than double for the third consecutive year.
1992: Dell debuts on the Fortune 500. Michael becomes the youngest CEO to lead a
company that receives this honor.
1993: Dimension and OptiPlex desktops debut for consumer and business users. We
join the ranks of the top five computer system makers worldwide. Subsidiaries in
Australia and Japan are our first entries into the Asia Pacific Region.
1994:Challenging the proprietary network server market, we introduce the Dell
PowerEdge server line. As part of the Latitude XP Launch, we are the first to
introduce the Lithium-ion battery, which breaks every industry record for battery life.
1995: Dell expands worldwide operations in Europe, Asia, Japan and the Americas.
1996:Dell.com launches, generating $1 million in sales per day just six months after the
site went live. The first Asia-Pacific Customer Center is opened in Penang, Malaysia.
We launch Premier Pages for our corporate customers, establishing customized extranet
sites on Dell.com for purchase and support.
1997: We open our second manufacturing center in Texas and achieve the lowest
inventory levels in the industry at 15 days. Dell launches its Dell Precision line of
workstations to target high-end, high-performance graphics application users. Our 10millionth PC is shipped.
1998: We open a new integrated sale, manufacturing and support center in Xiamen,
China and announce manufacturing sites in Ireland, Brazil and the United States. We
38
round out our data center offerings with the PowerVault series a robust line of
storage products, including a fibre channel-based storage subsystem.
1999: By the end of the year, Dell is ranked No. 1 in PCs in the U.S., No. 1 worldwide
in PCs for large and medium businesses and No. 1 in worldwide workstation shipments.
We open manufacturing operations in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, to better serve our
customers in Latin America. We take technical support online with eSupport, an online
tool that facilitates and delivers technical support via the internet.
2000: Internet sales on dell.com reach $40 million a day, making it one of the highestvolume ecommerce sites in the world. Recognizing early on the need and opportunity
for mobility in IT, we incorporate built-in Wi-Fi for on-the-go internet access for our
customers.
2001: Its a year of firsts as Dell becomes the No. 1 computer systems provider
worldwide, and reaches No. 1 in U.S. Intel-based server shipments. The Power
Connect line of network switches launches Dell into the networking equipment
market. We ink an agreement with storage leader EMC to enable more affordable
enterprise-class storage area network solutions for customers of all sizes.
2002: We launch the PowerEdge 1655MC our first blade server. The 1300MP
projector signals Dell's entry into the projector market.
2003: We expand our product portfolio with Dell-branded printers and officially enter
the consumer electronics market to serve as a single source for our customers.
2004: In just five years, Dell is China's third largest provider of computer systems and
services, with shipment growth near 60 percent or four times that of the industry. We
partner with others in the industry on the Electronics Industry Code of Conduct, which
works to raise the standards of social, environmental and workplace conditions for the
entire supply chain.
2005: We top the list of "Americas Most Admired Companies" in Fortune
Magazine.Furthering our commitment to the environment, Dell OptiPlex desktop
line of products features a lead-free motherboard, power supply andchassis
39
2006: We are the first in the industry to offer free product recycling for consumers
worldwide. We revolutionize the way businesses connect with customers with the
launch of Direct2Dell a blog to enable fast, direct, two-way conversations with our
customers. We acquire computer gaming leader Alienware to complement our highperformance systems designed for gaming enthusiasts and media content customers.
2007: The Vostro family becomes our flagship line of solutions tailored to small
businesses. We ramp up our social media efforts to connect with customers by joining
Twitter, launching the first investor relations blog, and debuting IdeaStorm.com, a
destination where customers can post and share ideas. We make great strides toward our
sustainability goals by launching carbon-neutral programs for consumers and corporate
customers, and by joining the Carbon Disclosure Project Supply Chain Leadership.
2008:We acquire storage leader EqualLogic, growing their original customer base of
1,000 to 25,000 worldwide in the first two years. We debut the Dell Latitude E-family
laptops, redefining on-the-go business computing with breakthrough battery life and
design improvements driven by end-user input. Dell launches its first Modular Data
Center a mobile, self-contained data center optimized for cloud-computing
applications. Dell Studio, a new consumer product line designed for self-expression and
creative living, is introduced.
2009: We acquire Perot Systems and launch a new business called Dell Services that
gives customers end-to-end IT services to help lower their total cost of IT ownership.
Dell enters the smartphone market with the Mini 3i from China Mobile. Customers rank
Dell x86 servers, corporate laptops and desktops No. 1 in enterprise customer
satisfaction.We introduce Adamo and Latitude Z laptops both the worlds thinnest
laptops for consumer and business users who demand design, innovation and
functionality.
2010:Dell acquires key IP in storage, systems management, cloud computing and
software: Boomi, Exanet, InSite One, KACE, Ocarina Networks, Scalent and
Dell Compellent.Dell is the No. 1 healthcare information technology services provider
40
in the world according to Gartner, Inc. and wins more than 300 industry awards in
2010.We accelerate our enterprise customers move to the cloud with Dell Virtual
Integrated Systems solutions, based on open architecture solutions that focus on
interoperability and extending the legacy investments of our customers. Dell enters the
tablet arena with the Streak, a 5-inch device designed to provide the best on-the-go
entertainment, social connection and navigation experience. Newsweek names Dell the
greenest company in America.
2011: We celebrate a record-breaking fourth quarter with double-digit growth in the
strategic enterprise solutions and services space, and the largest single-year revenue
increase in company history. We acquire Secure Works, RNA Networks and Dell
Force10 Networks, leaders in enterprise solutions and services. Further proof of our
commitment to providing end-to-end IT solutions for our customers, we commit $1
billion to develop Dell data and solution centers around the world and open R&D
centers in Israel and the U.S.
2012: We establish a new software group and focus on four key growth areas end user
computing, enterprise solutions, software and services. We continue to invest to meet
customers end-to-end IT needs by acquiring AppAssure, SonicWALL, Clerity, Make
Technologies, Wyse, Quest, Gale Technologies and Credant. For the first time in
company history, Dell begins paying quarterly cash dividends to shareholders. Dell is
among the first to market with touch-enabled Windows 8 devices which combine an
exceptional user experience with the security and manageability companies need.
Industry analysts recognize our strategic evolution and strength in PCs, the data center,
software and services. Gartner positions Dell as a leader in 11 Magic Quadrant reports
MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT
Mission Statement
To provide customers with superb value, high quality, relevant technology,
customized systems, superior service and support and products and services that it easy
41
to purchase and use.

Dell's mission is to be the most successful computer company in the world at delivering
the best customer experience in markets we serve. In doing so, Dell will meet customer
expectations of:
Highest quality
Leading technology
Competitive pricing
Individual and company accountability
Best-in-class service and support
Flexible customization capability
Superior corporate citizenship
Financial stability
Vision Statement
Through effective and strategic community partnership, dell supports
educational services programs that address the critical and most basic technology access
needs of its neighbors in dell communities prerequisite to success in digital world
RECENT PLANS AND ACQUISITIONS
In 2006, Dell acquired Alienware, a manufacturer of high-end PCs popular with

gamers.
The company acquired EqualLogic on January 28, 2008, to gain a foothold in

the iSCSI storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing
process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company drove manufacturing
prices down
42
In 2009, Dell acquired Perot Systems, based in Plano, Texas, in a reported

$3.9 billion deal, and amalgamated into Dell Services. The acquired business
provided Dell with applications development, systems integration, and strategic
consulting services through its operations in the U.S. and 10 other countries. In
addition, the acquisition of Perot brought a variety of business process outsourcing
services, including claims processing and call center operations.
On February 10, 2010, the company acquired KACE Networks a leader in

Systems Management Appliances. The terms of the deal were not disclosed.
On August 16, 2010, Dell announced plans to acquire the data storage
company 3PAR.On September 2, Hewlett-Packard offered $33 a share for 3PAR,
which Dell declined to match.
On November 2, 2010, Dell acquired Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) integration

leader Boomi. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
In February 2011 Dell completed the acquisition of Compellent.
On February 24, 2012 Dell acquired backup and disaster recovery software
solution provider AppAssure Software of Reston, VA. AppAssure delivered 194
percent revenue growth in 2011 and over 3500% growth in the prior three years.
AppAssure supports physical servers and VMware, Hyper-V and XenServer. The
deal represents the first acquisition since Dell formed its software division under
former CA CEO John Swainson. Dell added that it will keep AppAssures 230
employees and invest in the company.
In March 2012, USA Today said that Dell agreed to buy SonicWall, and the
acquisition was completed 9 May 2012. A company with 130 patents, SonicWall
develops security products, and is a network and data security provider.
On April 2, 2012, Dell announced that it wants to acquire Wyse, global marketleader for thin client systems
43
On April 3, 2012, Dell announced that it acquired Clerity Solutions. Clerity, a

company offering services for application (re)hosting, was formed in 1994 and has
its headquarters in Chicago. At the time of the take-over approximately 70 people
were working for the company.
On July 2, 2012, Dell announced that it was buying Quest Software. The
acquisition was completed on 28 September 2012
On November 16, 2012, Dell announced it was acquiring Gale Technologies, a

provider of Infrastructure Automation Products. Gale Technologies was founded in
2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California
On December 18, 2012, Dell announced it was acquiring Credant Technologies,

a provider of storage protection solutions. Credant is the 19th acquisition in four
years. Dell spent $13 billion since 2008 and $5 billion in the past year on
acquisitions.
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
Corporate Responsibility Magazine 100 Best Corporate Citizens

Based on our transparency in environmental, climate control, employee rights,
human relations, corporate governance, philanthropy and financial reporting, Dell made
the 2012 Corporate Responsibility Magazines 100 Best Corporate Citizens List.
Covalence Ethical Quote:
Dell ranked No. 10 in Covalences 2011 scoring of the most ethical companies.
Ethical Quote evaluates more than 500 multinational companies on 45 criteria to
determine those with the highest ethical reputation.
44
Best Corporate Citizens in Government Contracting:

Knowing how you provide the products and services is an important part of
business. The 2011 Best Corporate Citizens in Government Contracting List highlights
Dells commitment to transparency in reporting.
FTSE4Good:
A testament to our strong corporate citizenship is our inclusion in the
FTSE4Good Index, which measures the performance of companies that meet globally
recognized corporate responsibility standards.
CPA-Zicklin Index of Corporate Political Disclosure and Accountability:
Dell received a top 10 rating for the voluntary disclosure of political spending.
For Corporate Secretary Magazines Corporate Governance Team of the Year:
Dell as large cap finalist for being a leader in corporate compliance and governance.
Jantzi-Sustainalytics 2012 Top 50 Socially Responsible Corporations in Canada:
Dell was recognized by Jantzi-Sustainalytics and Maclean's magazine as one of
Canada's most socially responsible companies based on high marks in environmental,
social and governance categories.
The Economic Observer Best Sustainability Practice:
Dell was awarded Best Sustainability Practice by the Economic Observer for its
sustainability strategy and outstanding performance in responsible operations, use of
sustainable materials, recycling and reuse, and support of sustainable suppliers
earning Dell a spot on their list of Excellent Cases of Sustainable Development in China
20112012
45
DELL BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight and supervision of the overall affairs
of the company. The Board maintains the following committees to assist it in
discharging its oversight responsibilities. Links to the individual committee charters and
other Board information:
Audit Committee Charter
Compensation Committee Charter
Finance Committee
Governance and Nominating Committee
Corporate Governance Principles
Board of Directors Nomination Process
Communicating With the Board of Directors
Board members include:

Michael Dell
Chairman of the Board
and Non-Independent Director
James W. Breyer
Finance (Chair)
46
Donald J. Carty
Janet F. Clark
Audit
Laura Conigliaro
Finance
Kenneth M. Duberstein
Governance and Nominating
William H. Gray, III

Governance and Nominating (Chair);
Leadership Development and Compensation
Gerard J. Kleisterlee
Leadership Development and
Compensation, Finance
Alex J. Mandl
Presiding Director
Audit (Chair), Governance and Nominating
Klaus S. Luft
Audit
Ross Perot, Jr.
Shantanu Narayen
Leadership Development
and Compensation (Chair)
MAJOR CUSTOMERS
Customer requirements are increasingly being defined by how they use
technology rather than where they use it, said Mr. Dell. Thats why we wont let
ourselves be limited by geographic boundaries in solving their needs.
47
Leading the new worldwide business units will be:

Large Enterprise Steve Schuckenbrock, currently president, Global
Services, and chief information officer. Dell is the leading provider of IT infrastructure
and solutions in many of the worlds economies. A single large-enterprise unit will
further Dells advantage in delivering globally consistent innovations, solutions and
services to the worlds largest IT users.
Public Paul Bell, currently president, Dell Americas. Through a globally
integrated Public organization Dell intends to extend its leadership in answering urgent
IT challenges in areas such as government, education, health care and the environment.
Small and Medium Business Steve Felice, based in Singapore, currently
president, Dell Asia-Pacific and Japan. The new organization will accelerate creation
and delivery of SMB-specific solutions and technology to the more than 72 million
small and medium-sized businesses worldwide.
MAJOR COMPETITORS OF DELL COMPANY

Hewlett-Packard (HP): HP recently posted better financial results than Dell, but
has announced around 26,000 redundancies as part of its attempts to cut costs and
integrate the 7.2bn acquisition of EDS.
Apple
Lenovo
IBM
Sony
HP
Acer
48
Sun Microsystems
Toshiba
Gateway
PRODUCTS LINE
Dell offers a variety of products with different with different market segments.
Dell corporate class represents brand where it emphasizes long life, reliability and
service. These brands include:Business/Corporate Class:
OptiPlex -office desktop computers
Vostro-office/small business desktop and notebook systems
N series -desktop and notebook computers shipped with Linux or free dos
installed
Latitude -commercially focused notebooks
Precision workstation systems and high-performance notebooks
Power edge -business servers
Power vault direct-attach and some network attached storage (NAS)
Power connect -network switches
Dell/EMC -storage area networks

Home Office/ Consumer Class:
Dimension- Consumer desktop systems
Inspiron consumer desktop and notebook computers
49
Studio -mainstream desktop and laptops
XPS -high end desktop and notebook computers
Studio XPS- high end design focus of XPS system and extreme multimedia
capability
Alienware -high performance gaming system
Adamo -high end luxury laptops
Peripherals:
USB keydevices, LCD televisions, printers.
Dell monitors LCD TVs, plasma TVs, and projectors for HDTVs and monitors.
Services and support:
Dell on call-extended support services
Dell Support Center- extended support services
Dell business support and your tech team (a support team available to home
users).
DELL ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions,
from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision
making process.
Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate
the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be
achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change
its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results.
The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior
management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of
the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in
achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of
organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these
50
goals.
STRATEGY
Corporate strategy:
Dells corporate strategy is to provide directly to customers. To provide high
technology quality products and services through customization. Their strategy also
includes cost cutting where ever possible.
Business strategy:
Dells business strategy combines its direct customer model with a highly
efficient manufacturing and supply chain management organization and an emphasis on
standards based technologies.
This strategy enables Dell to provide customers with superior value; high-quality,
51
relevant technology; customized systems; superior services and support; and products
and services that are easy to buy and use.
Functional strategy:
Cost leader ship through direct sell model. In direct sales model it sells directly
to customers, which has the following characteristics:
Efficient supply chain/distribution system
Just-In-Time inventory system reduces costs
Direct sales by using www.dell.com
Internet increases good relations with consumers & suppliers
Impressive Supply Chain Management
Strong strategic alliances with other companies
Direct Business Model = Customization + Customer service
SALES AND MARKETING

We sell our products and services directly to customers through our online store
at www.dell.com, dedicated sales representatives, telephone-based sales, and through a
variety of indirect sales channels. Our customers include large global and national
corporate businesses, public institutions including government, education and
healthcare organizations, and law enforcement agencies. Our customers also include
small and medium-sized businesses,
Individual customers and retailers. Within each geographic region, we have divided our
sales resources among these various customer groups. No single customer accounted for
more than 10% of our consolidated net revenue during any of the last three fiscal years.
Our sales and marketing efforts are organized around the evolving needs of our
customers. Our direct business model provides direct communication with our
52
customers, thereby allowing us to refine our products and marketing

Programs for specific customer groups. Customers may offer suggestions for current
and future Dell products, services, and operations on an interactive portion of our
Internet website called Dell Idea Storm. This constant flow
of communication allows us to rapidly gauge customer satisfaction and target new or
existing products.
For large business and institutional customers, we maintain a field sales force
throughout the world. Dedicated account teams, which include field-based system
engineers and consultants, form long-term relationships to provide our largest customers
with a single source of assistance, develop specific tailored solutions for these
customers, and provide us with customer feedback. For large, multinational customers,
we offer several programs designed to provide single points of contact and
accountability with global account specialists, special global pricing, and consistent
global service and support programs. We also maintain specific sales and marketing
programs targeted at federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as
healthcare and educational customers.
We market our products and services to small and medium-sized businesses and
consumers primarily by advertising on television and through the Internet, advertising
in a variety of print media, and mailing or emailing a broad range of direct marketing
publications, such as promotional materials, catalogues, and customer newsletters.
We also sell our products and services through indirect sales channels. In the
U.S., we sell products indirectly through third-party solution providers, system
integrators, and third-party resellers. We also offer select consumer products in retail
stores in several countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, which
we refer to as EMEA, and Asia-Pacific Japan (APJ). Outside the U.S., we sell
products indirectly through selected retailers to benefit from the retailers existing enduser customer relationships and valuable knowledge of traditional customs and logistics
in the country and to mitigate credit and country risk as well as because sales in some
53
countries may be too small to warrant a direct sales business unit. Our goal is to have
strategic relationships with a number of major retailers in larger geographic regions.
During Fiscal 2010, we continued to expand our global retail presence, and we now
reach over 56,000 retail locations worldwide. Our retailers include Best Buy, Staples,
Wal-Mart, DSGI, GOME, and Carrefour, among others.
54
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
55
56
CHAPTER 4
PRODUCT PROFILE
57
Product Profile
Introduction
A laptop computer is a personal computer use. A laptop has most of the same
components as a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device
such as a touchpad and/or a pointing stick, and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is
powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet
using
a rechargeable
battery.
Laptops
are
also
sometimes
called notebook
computers, notebooks, ultra books or notebooks.

Portable computers, originally monochrome CRT-based and developed into the
modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for
specialized field applications such as the military, accountants and sales representatives.
As portable computers became smaller, lighter, cheaper, more powerful and as screens
became larger and of better quality, laptops became very widely used for all sorts of
purposes.
History
AS the personal computer (PC) became feasible in the 1970s, the idea of a
portable personal computer followed. A "personal, portable information manipulator"
was imagined by Alan Kayat Xerox PARC in 1968, and described in his 1972 paper as
the "Dynabook".
As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables
increased rapidly. The Osborne 1, released in 1981, used the Zilog Z80 and weighed
23.6 pounds (10.7 kg). It had no battery, a 5 in (13 cm) CRT screen, and dual 5.25 in
(13.3 cm) single-density floppy drives. In the same year the first laptop-sized portable
computer, the Epson HX-20, was announced. The Epson had a LCD screen, a
58
rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis. Both
Tandy/RadioShack and HP also produced portable computers of varying designs during
this period.
The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The
Dulmont Magnumwas released in Australia in 198182, but was not marketed
internationally until 198485. The US$8,150 (US$19,630 today) GRiD Compass 1100,
released in 1982, was used at NASA and by the military among others. The Gavilan SC,
released in 1983, was the first computer described as a "laptop" by its manufacturer.
From 1983 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in
laptops, including the touchpad (Gavilan SC, 1983), the pointing stick (IBM
ThinkPad700, 1992) and handwriting recognition (Linus Write-Top, 1987). Some
CPUs, such as the 1990 Intel i386SL, were designed to use minimum power to increase
battery life of portable computers, and were supported by dynamic power management
features such as Intel SpeedStep and AMD Power Now in some designs.
Displays reached VGA resolution by 1988 (Compaq SLT/286), and colour
screens started becoming a common upgrade in 1991 with increases in resolution and
screen size occurring frequently until the introduction of 17"-screen laptops in 2003.
Hard drives started to be used in portables, encouraged by the introduction of 3.5"
drives in the late 1980s, and became common in laptops starting with the introduction
of 2.5" and smaller drives around 1990; capacities have typically lagged behind
physically larger desktop drives. Optical storage, read-only CD-ROM followed by
writeable CD and later read-only or writeable DVD and Blu-ray, became common in
laptops soon in the 2s.
PRODUCT FEATURES
Most modern laptops feature 12 inch (304.8mm) or large active matrix displays with
resolutions of 1024*768-pixcels and above
59
CLASSIFICATION OF LAPTOPS
The term "laptop" can refer to a number of classes of small portable computers:
Netbook
Netbooks are laptops that are light-weight, economical, energy-efficient and
especially suited for wireless communication and Internet access. Hence the name
netbook (as "the device excels in web-based computing performance").
Desktop replacement
A desktop-replacement computer is a laptop that provides most of the
capabilities of a desktop computer, with a similar level of performance. Desktop
replacements are usually larger and heavier than standard laptops. They contain
more powerful components and have a 15" or larger display. They are bulkier than
and not as portable as other laptops, and their operation time on batteries is typically
shorter; they are intended to be used as compact and transportable alternatives to a
desktop computer.
Subnotebook
A subnotebook or ultraportable, is a laptop designed and marketed with an
emphasis on portability (small size, low weight and often longer battery life) that
retains performance close to that of a standard notebook. Subnotebooks are usually
smaller and lighter than standard laptops, weighing between 0.8 and 2 kg (2 to 5
pounds); the battery life can exceed 10 hours when a large battery or an additional
battery pack is installed.
Tablet laptop: Typical modern convertible laptops have a complex joint
between the keyboard housing and the display permitting the display panel to swivel
and then lie flat on the keyboard housing. Tablet PC have touch screens. There are
60
"convert able tablets" with a full keyboard where the screen rotates to be used atop the
keyboard, and "slate" form-factor machines which are usually touch-screen only.
Rugged laptop: A rugged/ruggedized laptop is designed to reliably operate in
harsh usage conditions such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures, and wet or
dusty environments. Rugged laptops are usually designed from scratch, rather than
adapted from regular consumer laptop models. Rugged laptops are bulkier, heavier, and
much more expensive than regular laptops, and thus are seldom seen in regular
consumer use.
Ultra book: A very thin version of a laptop usually less than an inch thick. Most
versions of Ultrabooks contain SSD, or Solid-State Drives, instead of the common
Laptop Hard Disk Drives. Although this term (like Netbook) was coined and
popularised by Intel, one of the most prominent examples is Apple's Macbook Air.
ADVANTAGES OF LAPTOPS
Productivity: Using a laptop in places where a desktop PC cannot be used, and at
times that would otherwise be wasted. For example, an office worker is managing their
e-mails during an hour-long commute by train, or a student doing his/her homework at
the university coffee shop during a break between lectures.
Immediacy: Carrying a laptop means having instant access to various information,
personal and work files. Immediacy allows better collaboration between coworkers or
students, as a laptop can be flipped open to present a problem or a solution anytime,
anywhere.
61
Up-to-date information: If a person has more than one desktop PC, a problem of
synchronization arises: changes made on one computer are not automatically
propagated to the others. There are ways to resolve this problem, including physical
transfer of updated files (using a USB flash memory stick or CDRs) or using
synchronization software over the Internet. However, using a single laptop at both
locations avoids the problem entirely, as the files exist in a single location and are
always up-to-date.
Connectivity: A proliferation of Wi-Fi wireless networks and cellular broadband
data services combined with a near-ubiquitous support by laptops means that a laptop
can have easy Internet and local network connectivity while remaining mobile. Wi-Fi
networks and laptop programs are especially widespread at university campuses.
COMPONENTS
The basic components of laptops are similar in function to their desktop
counterparts, but are miniaturized, adapted to mobile use, and designed for low power
consumption. Because of the additional requirements, laptop components are usually of
inferior performance compared to similarly price desktop parts. Furthermore, the design
bounds on power, size, and cooling of laptops limit the maximum performance of laptop
parts compared to that of desktop components.
The following list summarizes the differences and distinguishing features of laptop
components in comparison to desktop personal computer parts:
Motherboard
62
Central processing unit (CPU)

Memory (RAM)
Expansion cards
Power supply
Battery
Video display controller
Display
Removable media drives
Input divice
Ports
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Upgradeability
Upgradeability of laptops is very limited compared to desktops, which are
thoroughly standardized. In general, hard drives and memory can be upgraded easily.
Optical drives and internal expansion cards may be upgraded if they follow an industry
standard, but all other internal components, including the motherboard, CPU and
graphics, are not always intended to be upgradeable. Intel, Asus, Compal, Quanta and
other laptop manufacturers have created the Common Building Block standard for
laptop parts to address some of the inefficiencies caused by the lack of standards.
63
The reasons for limited upgradeability are both technical and economic. There is
no industry-wide standard form factor for laptops; each major laptop manufacturer
pursues its own proprietary design and construction, with the result that laptops are
difficult to upgrade and have high repair costs. With few exceptions, laptop components
can rarely be swapped between laptops of competing manufacturers, or even between
laptops from the different product-lines of the same manufacturer.
Durability
Due to their portability, laptops are subject to more wear and physical damage
than desktops. Components such as screen hinges, latches, power jacks and power cords
deteriorate gradually due to ordinary use. A liquid spill onto the keyboard, a rather
minor mishap with a desktop system, can damage the internals of a laptop and result in
a costly repair. One study found that a laptop is three times more likely to break during
the first year of use than a desktop.
Security and privacy
Because they are valuable, common, and portable, laptops are prized targets for
theft. The cost of stolen business or personal data, and of the resulting problems
(identity theft, credit card fraud, breach of privacy), can be many times the value of the
stolen laptop itself. Consequently, physical protection of laptops and the safeguarding of
data contained on them are both of great importance.
Accessories
A common accessory for laptops is a laptop sleeve or laptop case, which provides
a degree of protection from drops or impacts. Sleeves, which are distinguished by being
64
relatively thin and flexible, are most commonly made of neoprene, with sturdier ones
made of LRPu (low-resilience polyurethane), with some wrapped in ballistic nylon to
provide some measure of waterproofing. Bulkier and sturdier cases can be made of
metal with polyurethane padding inside, and may have locks, for added security.
List of laptop brands and manufacturers

Major brands
Acer - TravelMate, Extensa, Ferrari, Aspire
Gateway
Emachines
Packard Bell - EasyNote
Apple - MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro
ASUS - Asus Eee, Lamborghini
Dell - Inspiron, Latitude, Precision, Studio, Vostro, XPS, Studio XPS
Alienware
Fujitsu - LifeBook, Stylistic
Hewlett-Packard - HP Pavilion, HP Omnibook, HP Compaq Notebooks
Compaq - Evo, Armada, LTE, Presario
Itautec - Itautec, Infoway
Lanix - Lanix Portatiles, Neuron
Lenovo - ThinkPad, IdeaPad, 3000 series
Micro-Star International (MSI) - Megabook, Wind
Panasonic - Toughbook, Satellite, Let's Note (available in Japan only)
Samsung Electronics - Sens
65
Positivo Informtica - Positivo, Platinum, Aureum, Unique, Premium

Sony - VAIO
Toshiba - Dynabook, Portege, Tecra, Satellite, Qosmio, Libretto
66
CATAGORIES OF DELL LAPTOP
1. Dell Vostro laptop 2520
Processor
2nd Generation Intel Core i3-2348M processor (3M Cache, 2.3

GHz)
Operating System
Display
Memory
Hard Drive
Video Card
Optical Drive
Security Software
Wireless
Primary Battery
Warranty
Windows 8 Single Language, English (64bit)

15.6" HD WLED Anti-Glare (1366x768)--for ICC
4GB (4GB x1) DDR3 1600Mhz
500GB 5400RPM SATA Hard Drive
Intel HD Graphics/Intel HD Graphics 3000 (depends on
processor selected)--for ICC
12.7" SATA tray load DVD+/-RW--for ICC
McAfee Security Center 12 Month Subscription
Dell Wireless 1704 802.11b/g/n, Bluetooth v4.0+LE--for ICC
6-cell Lithium Ion (48WHr, 2.2AHr )
1 Year Next Business Day Onsite Service
67
2. Dell Latitude E6430 ATG premier laptop
Processor
3rd Generation Intel Core i3-3120M processor (3M Cache, 2.5
GHz)
Operating System Windows 8 Single Language, English (64bit)
Display
14.0" HD WLED Anti-Glare (1366x768)--for ICC
2
Memory
4GB (4GB x1) DDR3 1600Mhz
Hard Drive
500GB 5400RPM SATA Hard Drive
Video Card
NVIDIA GeForce GT 620M 1GB--for ICC
Optical Drive
12.7" SATA tray load DVD+/-RW--for ICC
Warranty
3 Years Next Business Day Onsite Service
Advertised
2.19 kg.
System Weight
3. Dell Precision M6700 mobile Workstation
68
Processor
3rd Generation Intel Core i5-3230M processor (3M Cache, up to
Operating
3.2 GHz)
System
Display
Memory2
Hard Drive
Video Card
Optical
15.6 inch Wide Display HD (1366 x 768) w/anti-glare for ICC

4GB DDR3 SO-DIMM AT 1600MHz-1X4GB
500GB 7200RPM SATA HDD Drive for ICC
AMD Radeon HD 7670M 1GB DDR3 for ICC
12.7" SATA tray load DVD+/-RW
Drive
Warranty
Advertised

2.57 kg.
System
Weight
69
4. Dell XPS 12 Convertible UltrabookTM
Processor
3rd Generation Intel Core i7-3517U Processor (4M Cache, up to
Operating System
Display
Memory
Hard Drive
Video Card
Optical Drive
Warranty
Advertised
3.0 GHz, TPM)

14.0 inch Wide Display HD (1366 x 768) w/anti-glare for ICC
4GB DDR3 SO-DIMM AT 1600MHz-1X4GB
500GB 7200RPM SATA HDD Drive for ICC
Intel HD Graphics 4000 for ICC
12.7" SATA tray load DVD+/-RW
2.23 kg.
System Weight
Chipset
Mobile Intel QS77 Express Chipset

Video Card
5. Dell optiplex desktops
70
Processor
Intel Core i7-3770 Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz,
Operating
vPRO)
Windows 7 Professional 64 bit (English)
System
Memory2
Hard Drive
Video Card
Optical Drive
Monitor
Warranty
8GB (2x4GB) Non-ECC DDR3 1600MHz SDRAM Memory

500GB 7200 RPM 3.5" SATA Hard Drive
Intel HD Graphics 4000
8X Max Slimline DVD-ROM Drive
Dell E1912H 18.5" Monitor with LED backlight
3Yr ProSupport: NBD Onsite Service
71
CHAPTER- 5
DEALER PROFILE
72
DEALER PROFILE
Om COMPUTERS
Serving the source of power
INTRODUCTION:
The case study of this project report refers to the firm Om Computers. This
chapter deal with the various aspects of the shop such as its establishment, location,
Annual Sales, Turn over, Marketing mix, Product, Price, Promotion, Distribution
Channel, capital investments means of finance and management.
Om Computers is the authorized dealer of personal computer (PCs), Palmtops,
Laptops, CPUs, UPSs and other spire part of the computer like Monitor (TFT, CRT,
LCD & LED), Motherboard, Central processing unit (CPU), Memory (RAM),
Expansion cards, Power supply, Battery, Video display controller, Display, Removable
media drives, Input device, head phones, connectors, pen drives, memory cords etc..
Om Computers is located in the center of the town, it came has its existence since 6
years with to serve public with efficient sales and service station for all computer.
Om Computers is the proprietorship business Mr. Srinath.P is a proprietor and
manages all official service effectively. Om Computers is also having mobile service
centers in Shivamogga. Mr. Vageesh.P is the proprietor of this service centers. Vageesh
and Srinath both brothers introduce this Om Computers. But there is no profit sharing
ratio with them.
Om Computers (computer sales and service center) is situated in Park
Extension, Durgigudi, Shivamogga 577201. The service center is also available inside
the Om Computer and also has spares and accessories of the computer.
Om Computers (mobile sales and service center) is situated in 4/B4, Basaveshwara
Nilaya, 2nd Cross, Tilak Nagar, Shivamogga-577 201. The service center is also
available inside the Om Computer and also has spares and accessories of the mobile.
Om Computers is located in a rented building in Park Extension, 2nd Cross,
73
Durgigudi, and Shivamogga. This shop is located in such a way that it is convenient to
distribute products to customer easily. The building measurement is 2,500 sq feet.
ESTABLISHMENT
Mr. Srinath.P established Om Computers in the year 2006.
Om Computers is the distributor of Dell products in Shivamogga district.
Apart from Dell products they are also distributor of
Acer, Epson, IBM, Lenovo,
Sony and also spire parts of compute. They also give hardware and networking service.
They have obtained sales at registration from the commercial Tax office,
Shivamogga. The Om Computers is paying Rs. 4,500/- per month as rent and the owner
had paid Rs. 1 lakh as advance. The owner had paid 50,000 deposits to take DELL
company dealership.
Om Computers is situated in Beside Seetharama Kalyana Mandira, Park
Extension 2nd Cross Durgigudi Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577201.
OBJECTIVES OF THE FIRM
The most important objective of every business firm is to earn profit to
employees themselves in business. The main objective of Om Computers is to
provide better service to the customers. So customer satisfaction is also very important
objective, it increases sales and automatically increases profit. Other objectives are as
follows:
1. To earn adequate amount of livelihood.
2. To supply continuously products and services of standard quality, which the
society wants.
3. Regular and timely payment of taxes.
4. To respect ethical and moral norms of society.
5. To deal with workers in sympathetic manner.
74
6. To listen to the employees of their suggestions in matter affecting the decisions

regarding them or the business.
Thus the firm has been fulfilling the above said economical, socio-economic,
social and human objectives.Total fixed capital of the owner is 2.5 lakhs. The owner can
raise additional finance through an overdraft arrangement with the banker. They have
banking transactions with State Bank of Mysore.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE FIRM

The initial capital of firm Rs. 5, 00,000/-. In that 2 lakhs are the own
contribution of owner and remaning was borrowed from State Bank of India, in
the year in 1996. This money was used for the purpose of purchasing products
and other expenses of the showroom.
PROBLEMS OF THE Om Computers:
Lack of incentives to the retail dealers: Company is not giving any incentive
to the dealers for the sales of Dell products. So, the retailers also not take any special to
sell the Dell products. When retailers will not purchase more and how can the stockiest
and agents sell the more?
Company should think about the sales force of the Dell products by giving
incentives to retailers and average display contest and then only agency can distributes
and sells the product more and more.
Area of operation: For the Om Computers area of the Shivamogga city is given
for its distribution is very high. In the heart of the city most of the consumers purchase
Dell products because of taste, quality etc. But the cost of Dell products are little high
when compare to other products and so it is not reachable for all types of consumers.
Utility supply of stock: Company must operate with dealers or agency favorable by
75
supplying stock to them in timely, which would result in good sales and distribution of
the product by the agency. But some time supply of stock have not made by the
company in timely it may lead to the decrease in the customers demand.
Because of shortage of supply the customer may prefer any other branded laptop
which is available very easy to the customer. This ultimately led to loss for the
company.
MARKETING MIX STRATEGY
MARKETING MIX:
The marketing of any firm is controlled by internal factors and external factors.
Controllable sources are those which are within the holding of an organization. They
are product, price, promotion and distribution.
The blending of these controllable factor viz., product, price, promotion and
distribution into a marketing plan is called marketing mix of the firm. According to
Philip Kotler Marketing mix is the set controllable variables that the firm can use to
influence the buyers response.
Om Computers has devised the marketing mix very effectively. It has been
making adjustment in its marketing mix strategy. When there are changes in external
factors like buyers behavior, competitors behavior and Government behavior.
MARKETING MIX OF OM COMPUTERS
1. Product: Product is a set of tangible and intangible attributes which provide wants
satisfying benefits to a buyer in an exchange of value or money such attributes includes
color, price, packaging and the reputation.
In Om computer they sell various types of product, the products items marketed
by Om computer are as follows.
76
Products available in Om Computer:
Personal Computer (PCs)
Palmtops
Monitors (TFT, CRT, LCD
Laptops
and LED),
Motherboard
Processers or Central
Mouse
processing unit (CPU)
Key board
Random Accesses Memory
Printer
Expansion cards
Speakers&
(RAM)
UPS & Battery
Switch Mod Power Supply

(SMPS)
Video display controller
Removable media drives
Memory cords.
woofers
Cabinets
Input device
Head phones
Connectors
Pen drives
Dell Products available in Om Computer:
All kind of lap top available from Dell
Monitors, PCs etc...
2. Promotion: Promotion is any marketing effort whose function is to inform persuade actual
or potential consumers about the merit of a given product. Dell products are advertises
various media like TV, radio, internet, newspapers, outdoor posters etc. the Om
computer take up advertising of the product in local news papers, pomp lets, it also
increase the firm images.
3. Distribution:-
77
The channel of distribution for the product is the ownership or title of the
product to the ultimate consumers. Om Computers is supplying products at their shop.
It sells the product directly to the customer. Distribution consists of all the activities
involved in the physical transfer of goods from the manufacturer to the ultimate
customer.
4. Pricing:Price is the index of value. It is what w pay for what we get. It is what the
consumers pays or is expected to pay in exchange and anticipation of the expected
utility. Price of the product is fixed by the company. Om Computers sells the product
according to the price fixed by the company.
5.Place: In Shivamogga the Om Computers located in beside Seetharam Kalyana
mandira, park extension, 2nd cross durgigudi. The place is highly accesable for
Shivamogga locals and surroundings villages
CHAPTER 6
DATA AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
78
79
DATA AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Introduction
The data collected has to be properly tabulated for the purpose of analysis and
interpretation. The data collected using the primary sources such as customer survey has
been analyzed in this chapter followed by its analysis and interpretation in the following
paragraphs.
Table No1:
Table showing the Number of respondents categorized on basis of Age
Age
No. of respondents
Percentage
18- 22
23
46
22-26
14
28
26-30
16
30 and above
10
Total
50
100
Graph No1:
Graph showing the Number of respondents categorized on basis of Age
10%
16%
18- 22
46%
22-26
26-30
28%
30 and above
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: From the above table we can say that
80
majority of the respondents belong to age group 18-22 years are 46% , 22-26 years are
28%, 26-30 years are 16%, 30 & above years are 10%.
Table no 2:
Table showing classification of respondents according to their occupation
Occupation
Business man
Professionals
Student
other
Total
No. of Respondents
12
10
25
3
50
Percentage
24%
20%
50%
6%
100%
Graph No2:
Graph showing classification of respondents according to their occupation
Occupation
60%
50%
40%
30%
% of the respondents
20%
10%
0%
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

From the above table we can say that majority of the respondents belong to
Students Group i.e. 50%, followed by 24% are others. 20% are Professionals. And 6%
are others. So it can be inferred that dell is preferred by all walks of people and can be
concluded that is popular among masses.
81
82
Table No: 3
Table showing the No. of respondents categorized on basis of income
Income ( Rs)
50000-100000
100000-150000
150000-200000
above 200000
Total
No. of respondents
9
10
18
13
50
Percentage
18
20
36
26
100
.
Graph No: 3
Graph showing the No. of respondents categorized on basis of income
Income (Rs)
% of the respondents
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

From the above table it is clear that maximum percentage of the respondents are
from the income group of Rs.150000 to 200000 followed by 26% respondents of
income group of above200000, followed by 20% accounts for income group 10000150000& above, then by the respondents of income group 50000-10000 accounts for
15%.
83
Table No.4
The table showing that Factors considered by the respondents before purchasing
laptops.
Factors
Total
Price
Brand name
Performance of laptop
Design and outlook
Technology
Configuration
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
3
1
2
13
6
3
7
1
5
16
9
7
11
14
2
18
32
37
28
32
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
Graph No 4
The Graph showing that Factors considered by the respondents before purchasing
laptops.
No. of respondents
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Out of five factors respondents are giving

highest factors rank to purchasing laptops to configuration. Followed by performance
brands, technology, Designs and outlook of the least for price. Price is not important
other functions are most important.
84
Table No 5:
Table showing classification of respondents according to their Purpose of laptop
Purpose of laptop
Personal use
Business use
Educational
other
Total
No.of Respondents
10
12
25
3
50
Percentage
20
24
50
6
100
Graph No 5:
Graph showing classification of respondents according to their purpose of
laptop.
6%
20%
Personal use
Business use
Educational
50%
24%
other
The above table reveals that purpose for using the laptop r out of 50
respondents 24% have purchased for business purpose, 20% of the responds are
have for personal use, 50% of have purchased for educational purpose and
remaining 6% of others purpose. More using in students like presentation, project
reports.
85
Table No .6
Table showing classification of respondents according to their purchase periods
Periods
No. of Respondents
Percentage
<6 moths
6 months to 1 year
1year to 3 year
3year to 5 year
Total
5
14
24
7
50
10
28
48
14
100
Graph No .6
Graph showing classification of respondents according to their purchase
period.
No. of Respondents
<6 moths
6 months to 1 year
1year to 3 year
3year to 5 year
14% 10%
28%
48%
The above table indicates that 48% of the respondents were using laptop,
since last 3 years, 28% of them have purchased the laptop in the last 6 months
and 14% of them have purchased the laptops in the period less than 6 months to 1
year. It shows that the dell is being used in shimoga last 3 years.
86
Table No. 7
Table showing classification of respondents according to their attitude of laptop.
Particulars
Very good
No of
%
Brand image
Feature
responds
28
25
configuration
Style
Audio/video
quality
Convenience
good
No of
%
56
50
responds
15
22
15
34
30
68
17
34
bad
No of
30
44
responds
7
3
30
12
60
24
30
60
Total
No of
%
14
6
responds
50
50
100
100
5
4
10
8
50
50
100
100
50
100
of service
Graph No. 7
The graph shows classification of respondents according to their Laptop
attitude
80
60
40
20
0
56
50
44
30
14
Very good
60 68
60
30
24 34
10
Good
Bad
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: The respondents shows that 56%, 30% and 14% of
respondents react about brand image like very good, good and bad respectively.50%, 44% and
6% of respondents react about feature configuration like very good, good and bad
respectively.30%, 60% and 10% of respondents react about style like very good, good and bad
respectively.68%, 24% and 8% of respondents react about Audio/video quality like very good,
good and bad respectively.34%, 60% and 6% of respondents react about Convenience of service
like very good, good and bad respectively.
87
88
Table No. 8
Table showing classification of respondents according to Influenced to purchase
Dell laptop.
Particulars
Elders
Friends
Advertisement
Display
Retailer
Total
No of respondents
6
20
16
5
3
50
Percentage
12
40
32
10
6
100
Graph No .8
Graph shows classification of respondents according to their Influenced to
purchase Dell laptop
No of respondents in %
Retailer; 6% Elders; 12%

Display; 10% Friends; 40%
Advertisement ; 32%
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: The most respondents of influence to
purchase laptop from the friends at 40%. And 32%from the advertisement.12%
from elders.10% from display. 6% from the retailer.
89
Table No .9
Table showing classification of respondents according to their buying motives
Criterias
No. of Respondents
Percentage
Price
Quality
Number of function/features
2
22
5
4
44
10
Company image
After sales service
Total
9
12
50
18
24
100
Graph No.9
Graph shows classification of respondents according to their buying
motivation.
No. of Respondents in %
Price
Quality
4%
Number of function/features
24%
Company image
After sales service

18%
44%
10%
The above table indicates that 40% of the responds buying the laptops
because of its quality, 24% of the responds buying the laptops because of after
sale service, 18% of the responds buying the laptops based on company image,
10% of the responds buying the laptops because of no. of function and dealer
suggestion and finally 4% of the responds buying the laptop because of price
90
their convenient.
Table No. 10
Table showing classification of respondents according to their Opinion about dell
laptop
SL.NO
1
2
3
4
Particular
Excellent
Very good
good
Bad
No. of Respondents
23
15
9
3
50
Percentage
46
30
18
6
100
Graph No. 10
The graph shows classification of respondents according to their opinion
about dell laptop.
Opinion about dell laptop

46
30
18
6
Excellent
Very good
Good
Bad

From the above table shows that out of 50 respondents, 46% of respondent have
the excellent, 30% of customers said the service is very good, 18% of respondent have
said it is good and remaining 5% is bad. so company has to make enquiry why the
customer are not satisfied.
91
Table No. 11
Table showing classification of respondents according to their Advertisement
about dell laptop

Medias
News paper
Magazines
Television
other
Total
No. of Respondents
10
26
8
6
50
Percentage
20
52
16
12
100
Graph No.11
Graph shows classification of respondents according to their seen
Advertisement about dell laptop
Advertisement about dell laptop

News paper
Magazines
12%
Television
other
20%
16%
52%
The above table reveals that information about the role played by various
medias communicating the information about dell laptop. From the table it finds
that about 52% of the respondents have got information 16% of the responds
92
through the television, 20% of the responds through the newspaper.

Table No .12
Table showing classification of respondents according to their Relationship of the
price and quality of dell laptop

Relationship
No. of Respondents
Percentage
High price- high quality
32
64
High price- low quality
Low price- high quality
Reasonable
Total
12
50
24
100
Graph No .12
Graph showing classification of respondents response according to Relationship
of the price and quality of dell laptop
Price and Quality

Price and Quality
64
8
24
The above table indicates that 64% of the responds opined that the dell
laptop is high price-high quality, 24% of the respondents opined that the dell
laptop is reasonable, 8% of the respondents opined that the dell laptop is high
93
price=low quality and finally 4% of the respondents opined that the dell laptop is
low price=high quality.
94
Table No.13
Table showing classification of respondents according to Satisfaction with the
dell laptop
Particular
No. Of Respondents
Percentage
Yes
No
Total
46
4
50
92
8
100
Graph No.13
Graph shows classification of respondents according to their Satisfaction
with the dell laptop
Satisfaction with the dell laptop

8%
Yes
No
92%

Above table indicates that few of the consumers (i.e.30%) want to modification
and 70% of the consumers do not want any modification with respect to dell laptop.
95
1) After sale service: every consumer thinking in their mind buying the
product whether the dealer give service for product or nor, so as survey
indicates that 68% of the respondents are opined that service is good, 24%
of the respondents opened that service is very good and 8% of the
respondents opined that service is bad.
2) Design and outlook: consumer attitudes highly depends up soon product
design and outlook, if product is looking very attractive all the consumer go
through that product and buy it. As persue survey indicates 28% of the
respondents are opined that design and outlook is good, 68% of the
respondents are opined that it is very good and 4% of the respondents are
opined that bad.
3) Performance: this type of the opinion indicates that 32% of the respondents
are opined that performance of the dell laptop is good, 60% of the
respondents or opinioned that bad.
4) Number of function: consumer seeks that in the product what are the
function are available to us for using this dell laptop. As per survey
indicates that 72% of the respondents are opined that the no. of functions
are good, 16% of the respondents are opined that very good and 12% of the
respondents are opined that bad.
5) Distribution performance: this is one of the important factors to understand
the consumer opinion regarding the distributors. How they perform with the
consumers and how they give details about the laptop. Survey indicates that
76% of the respondents are opined that distributors performance is good,
96
16% of the respondents are opined that very good and 8% of the
respondents
SWOT ANALYSIS FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Quality product and service
Whole world focus
Brand name
Customer service
Direct sell
Latest technology
E-commerce capabilities
Expert supply chain

management
Weaknesses
High dependency on
components suppliers
High attrition rates among

visitors
No proprietary technology
Slow in introducing fancy

feature
Lack of innovation
Unable to switch supply dues

to the lack of large suppliers
in the world
Opportunities
Threats
97
Network-internet, intranet and
Competition
extranet
Currency fluctuation in
Low cost and growing
countries outsides the us
advanced technology
Tariff trade barriers
Growth in business, education
Political instability
and government markets
98
FINDINGS
At the end of project report, so many findings are to be found these are helpful to
the company to improve their efficiency.
46 % of the respondents are youth under the age of 18-26. Most using of
the laptop.
50% of the students are using the Dell laptops, for the purpose of
presentation and project.
Before purchasing the laptop most of the respondents give high priority to
the configuration of laptop.
40% of the respondents are buying the Dell laptop are influenced by
friends.
These surveys found that majority of the respondents are satisfied with the
dell laptop.
The majority of the respondents buying the laptop based on Quality and
company image.
Majority of the respondents felt that dell laptop is of high price and high
quality.
As per the survey found that majority of respondents go through the media
of advertisements such as magazines and television. This is very important
role in communication with the information about dell laptop.
This survey found that design and outlook of the laptop product play an
important role in buying and taking decision of the customer.
Other majority respondents opinion that the dell laptop is providing
battery back-up only for 2 to 3 days.
Majority of the respondents are opinioned that the performance of the dell
laptop is excellent.
99
SUGGESTIONS
Consumer gave interest on the dell laptops and the entire consumer
satisfied with the laptop product. Most of the respondents have expressed good
opinion towards the dell laptop.
SUGGESTIONS TO THE COMPANY
This company should provide first accessing laptops to the consumer.
Few more consumers not satisfied with dell laptop because of the high price and low
battery backup. Thats why the Dell Company has to improve in the area of
providing more configurations.
The company should give more advertisement in all the Medias whichever is
possible to motivate the consumers.
The Dell Company has to add more number of functions in the laptop.
It would be better to the company reduce laser point, because now all the people
working with laptop in more number of hours per day.
Its better to improve new innovating designs and outlook for the laptop.
Its better to cover all the marketing strategies to enhance their product of laptop to
all over the world.
Reasonable price is to be maintained to reach the expected market share

through compromise.
The company should regularly conduct market researches to study the actual
and potential buyers, their volume of purchases and their motives and
behavior.
The company should adopt various consumer sales promotional methods, such
as, price-off (i.e. discounts), premium offers (i.e. gifts), consumer contests etc.
So that the consumer should always stick on the same brand that is he should
not be let to divert his attention towards substitute product.
100
SUGGESTIONS TO THE FIRM

1. Allowing trade discount to retailers for cash purchases and luobling them to have a
fair margin of profits for themselves, will not only eliminate bad debts, but also
increases the sales volume. Since retailers are interested in selling the goods which
fetch them more profits.
2. Grant more days credit to retailers. The period of credit allowed by the firm is two
days to a maximum of 7 days. But, this term is too short for a retail shops to adjust
payments for purchases. So, it goes for smaller quantity purchase and they may not
give personal care to the sale of goods which they have not bought in bulk. Thus by
giving more days credit, the firm may encourage the retailers to stock in bulk
quantities.
3. Appoint a sales office in the firm. For the purpose of directing credit flows
marketing, like oil through engine, an efficient sales officer is absolutely essential.
The sales officer should organize the marketing unit by dividing the total work into
specific activities.
The sales officer should provide guiding policies regarding
marketing procedures and their implementations. The sales officer should lead,
correct, direct, communicate and coordinate the entire marketing functions and
services performed by the firm.
101
CONCLUSION
The major competitors in the market are Compaq, HP, and Toshiba. LG etc
Due to the new liberalization policy of the government more and more
foreign company are entering into the consumer durable market, because of the
vat potential with latest modern sophisticated technology and design. In order to
face the competition and service in the market, the company has to adapt to the
changing environment by acquiring latest technology.
There is a ever need for a company to increase the characteristics and
technologies of its product for this purpose each and every organization need to
collect the information about its present product performance in the market. The
present study is an attempt to find out Dell laptop performance in the market.
From the study, we can found that Dell is providing a better and quality
services to the company. Every customer of the Dell Company is satisfied to a
great extent. Still the company needs some measures to improve its product
functions and characteristics as there are a more competition that is Rivalry
Company such as Compaq, LG, ACER, HP, BENQ etc. so that the company can
prepare better marketing strategies for its product.
102
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear sir/Madam,
I am Smitha.S, Student of Sahyadri College , SHIVAMOGGA pursuing Post
Graduation in Dept of Business Administration.
I am conducting a survey on the An Analytical STUDY ON CONSUMER
ATTITUDE TOWARDS DELL LAPTOP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OM
COMPUTER, SHIVAMOGGA CITY. I kindly request you to cooperate by giving
valuable information. The information provided by you will keep confidential and used
for academic purpose only.
I kindly request you to spend your valuable time for filling below Questions.
Thanking you
Smitha.s
PERSONAL DATA
1. Name :_____________________________________
2. Address: ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
3. Age:
18-22
4. Sex:
22-26
a. Male( )
26-30
Above 30
b. Female( )
5. Educational qualification
Below Matriculate
Pre University
Degree
Post Graduate
103
6.Occupation:
Businessmen
Professional
Student
Govt. Employee
Others please specify _________________________________

7. Income group (per year):
50000-
100001-150000
150001-200000
Above-
100000
200000
SPECIFIC DATA:
8. (A). Do you have any laptop?
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
(B). If yes name of the company?

Dell
HP
Lenovo
Toshiba
Other please specify _____________________________________

9. (A).Are you heard about OM COMPUTER?
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
10. Before purchasing laptops what are the factors you have considered,
Please give your rating from 1 to 5(one being lowest and 5 being highest).
Attribute
Price
Brand name
Performance of laptop
104
Design and outlook

Technology
Configuration
11. What is the purpose of using the laptop?
a) For personal use ( )
b) Business purpose ( )
c) Educational purpose ( )
d) Others Please specify___________________________
12. How long you are using your present laptop?
< 6month
6months to 1 year
1 year to 3 year
3 year to 5 year
13. Rank your current laptop on the following attitudes

Rank on the scale of 1 to 5 ranks. 1if you find your laptop very bad on the
attitude
and 5 if your laptop very good on the attitude and so on

1
Brand image
Features
configuration
Style
Audio/vedio
quality
price
Convenience of
service
14. You are influenced to purchase Dell laptop from?
a) Elders ( )
b) Peer group ( )
105
c) Advertisement ( )
d) Impulses ( )
e) Display ( )
f) Shop Keeper ( )
15. What is the opinion about the Dell Laptop?

a
b
c
d
e
Excellent
Very good
Good
Poor
Bad
16. What made you to purchase that specific company?

a. Price ( )
b. Quality ( )
c. Number of function/features ( )
d. Company image ( )
e. After sale service ( )
f. Reparability ( )
g. Durability ( )
17. Are you satisfied with Dell laptop?
a) Yes ( )
If
no
state
b) No ( )
the
reason:
_______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Suggest suitable measure to rectify them: ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
18. Which media come across the advertisement of Dell?
a) News paper ( )
c) Television ( )
b) Magazines ( )
d) others ( )
19. What is your opinion about the price and quality of Dell laptop?
106
a) High price- High quality ( )
b) High price-low quality ( )
c) Low price- High quality ( )
d) Reasonable ( )
107
20. What is your opinion about the Dell laptop?

Excellent
After
Good
Very good
Bad
sale
service
Design
&
outlook
Performance
Number
of
function
Distributor
performance
21. How many days the battery of Dell lost long?

<1 hour
1-2 hour
2-3 hours
3 &above
22. Do you need any modification in dell laptop?

a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
If yes, in which technical specification_________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
23.
If
any
Suggestion
to
the
company?______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
24. your suggestion to the dealer? ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
DATE:
Signature
PLACE:
108
BIBLIOGRAPHYs
Marketing Management
: Philip Kotler
: K.D Basava
: Sherlekar
MAGAZINES
INDIAN TIMES
BUSINESS LINE
DIGIT
CHIP
SPECIAL REFERENCE
Company Annual report
Brochures
WEBSITE
www.dell.com
www.dell.co.in
109

Dell Laptop

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CHAPTER 1

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To analyze the consumer attitude and expectations towards Dell laptop.

To examine the factors influencing while purchasing the laptop..

To analyze the marketing strategy adopted by the dealer.

To evaluate the competitive advantage of the Dell laptop in the context of

To analyze the future growth prospective of Dell laptop in Shimoga

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

First generation 1945-1949

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Alan Kay with "Dynabook" prototype (5 November 2008 in Mountain View,

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

The Epson HX-20

Both Tandy/RadioShack and HP also

computers of varying designs during this perio

marketed internationally until 198485. The US$8,150 (US$19,920 today) GRiD

laptops have disappeared. The distinction lives on in size: desktop replacements

Sony VAIO P series subnotebook

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Since the introduction of netbooks and ultrabooks, the line between

CE, iOS, Palm

OS or Android (although in a few cases devices marketed as laptops have used

smaller ChromeBook models from any reasonable general definition of

2011 Intel announced

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

A rugged/ruggedized laptop is designed to reliably operate in harsh usage

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

A tablet laptop with stylus

Miniaturization: a comparison of a desktop computer motherboard (ATXform

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

A SODIMM memory module

Display: Most modern laptops feature 13 inches (33 cm) or larger

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Removable media drives: until recently. DVD/CD reader/writer drive was

Internal storage: Laptop hard disks are physically smaller2.5 inches

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Productivity: Using a laptop in places where a desktop PC can not be

Immediacy: Carrying a laptop means having instant access to various

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Up-to-date information: If a person has more than one desktop PC, a

Connectivity: A proliferation of Wi-Fi wireless networks and cellular

Other advantages of laptops:

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

Battery: a charged laptop can continue to be used in case of a power

All-in-One: designed to be portable, laptops have everything integrated

engineering, financial software, virtualization, etc. Also, the top-of-the-line

may be upgraded if they follow an industry

the laptop is on the move.

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga

A clogged heat sink on a laptop after 2.5 years of use

Dept. of PG Studies Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga