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Power Cables
Chapter 11
Power cables
Chapter 11
Power Cables
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 General Layout of the System
The conductor system by means of which electric power is conveyed
from a generating station to the consumers premises may, in general,
be divided into two distinct parts i.etransmission system and distribution
system. Each part can again be sub-divided into twoprimary
transmission and secondary transmission and similarly, primary
distribution and secondary distribution and then finally the system of
supply to individual consumers. Atypical layout of a generating,
transmission and distribution network of a large system would be made
up of elements as shown by a single-line diagram of Fig. 11.1 although
it has to be realized that one or more of these elements may be missing
in any particular system. For example, in a certain system, there may
be no secondary transmission and in another case, when the
generating station is nearby, there may be no transmission and the
distribution system proper may begin at the generator bus-bars.
Now-a-days, generation and transmission is
almost exclusively three-phase. The
secondary trans-mission is also 3-phase
whereas the distribution to the ultimate
customer may be 3-phase or single-phase
depending upon the requirements of the
customers.
In Fig. 11.1 C.S. represents the central
station where power is generated by 3phase alternators at 6.6 or 11 or 13.2 or
even 32 kV. The voltage is then stepped up
by suitable 3-phase transformers for
transmission purposes. Taking the
generated voltage as 11 kV, the 3-phase
transformers step it up to 132kV as shown.
Primary or high-voltage transmission is
carried out at 132 kV
Figure11.1
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Here, the voltage is stepped down to 33 kV. It may be noted here that
for ensuring continuity ofservicetransmission is always by duplicate
linesFrom the Receiving Station, power is next transmitted at 33 kV by
underground cables (andoccasionally by overhead lines) to various
sub-stations (SS) located at various strategic points in thecity. This is
known as secondary or low-voltage transmission. From now onwards
starts the primary and secondary distribution.
At the sub-station (SS) voltage is reduced from 33kV to 3.3kV 3-wire for
primary distribution.Consumers whose demands exceeds 50 kVA are
usually supplied fromSSby special 3.3 kV feeders.The secondary
distribution is done at 400/230 V for which purpose voltage is reduced
from3.3kV to 400 V at the distribution sub-stations.
Feeders radiating from distribution sub-stationsupply power to
distribution networks in their respective areas. If the distribution network
happens tobe at a great distance from sub-station, then they are
supplied from the secondaries of distributiontransformers which are
either pole-mounted or else housed in kiosks at suitable points of the
distribu-tion networks. The most common system for secondary
distribution is 400/230-V, 3-phase 4-wiresystem. The single-phase
residential lighting load is connected between any one line and the
neutral.
Note: Voltage levels are defined internationally, as follows:
In Europe
IEC governs supply standards
The frequency is 50 Hz and LV voltage is 230/400 V
In North America
IEEE/ANSI governs supply standards
The frequency is 60 Hz and the LV voltage is 110/190 V.
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Advantages
Advantages
Less expensive for shorter
distances
Environment-friendly
Disadvantages
Susceptible to lightning
Not environment-friendly
Maintenance intensive
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Long life
High dielectric strength
High resistance to corona and ionization
Resistance to high temperatures
Mechanical flexibility
Resistance to humidity
Low insulation losses
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Almost all XLBE is made from high density polyethylene (HDPE). XLBE
contains
crosslinkedbonds in the polymer structure , changing the thermoplastic
to a thermoset.
Cross-linking is accomplished during or after the extrusion of the tubing.
The required
degree of cross-linking, according to ASTM (American Society for
Testing andMaterials) Standard F 876-93, is between 65 and 89%. A
higher degree of cross-linkingcould result in brittleness and stress
cracking of the material.
The high-temperature properties of the polymer are improved.
Adequate strength to
120-150C is maintained by reducing the tendency to flow. Chemical
resistance is
enhanced by resisting dissolution. Low temperature properties are
improved. Impact
and tensile strength, scratch resistance, and resistance to brittle
fracture are enhanced.
XLPE-insulated cables have a rated maximum conductor temperature
of 90C and an
emergency rating up to 140C, depending on the standard used. They
have a conductor
short-circuit rating of 250C. XLPE has excellent dielectric properties,
making it useful
for medium voltage - 10 to 50 kV AC - and high voltage cables - up to
380 kV AC voltage,
and several hundred kV DC.
Touristic Village with Renewable Energy Generation
11
Chapter 11
Power Cables
PVC
Chemical Structure
Thermoplastic Polar
Polymer Structure
Recommended
continuous
working temperature
at
conductor surface in
c
Intermittent
temperature
rating during
overloading
inc
Maximum
temperature
during short-circuit c
Current Carrying
Capacity
Amorphous
Dielectric Strength
(KV/mm)
Low Temperature
Brittleness
Deg. C
Mechanical and
electrical
properties at high
temperature during
overloading and long
shortcircuitperiods
Flexibility
Application
Acid Resistance
XLBE
Themoset, pure
Hydrocarbon.
Partial Crystalline
70
90
120
130
160
250
___________
350
550
-15
-90
Degraded much
when heating over
105 c
Flexible
Wiring installation
inside building
Fair
Change slightly as
temperature increases
and does not melt at 105c
Hard to bend
Primary feeder in MV
and in HV &EHV
systems
Excellent
11
Chapter 11
Power Cables
In this project
11.2.3.1 Procedure
Shielding is the practice of confining the electric field of the cable to
the insulation surrounding the conductor by means of conducting or
semiconducting layers,
closely fitting or bonded to the inner and outer surfaces of the
insulation. In other words, theouter shield confines the electric field to
the space between conductor and shield. The inner or strand stress
relief layer is at or near the conductor potential. The outer or insulation
shield is designed to carry the charging currents and in many cases
fault currents.
11.2.3.2 Purpose
Insulation shields have several purposes:
12
Chapter 11
Power Cables
11.2.5 Armoring:
Armoring is primarily used to protect the cable mechanically and add
strength to the
cable A flat galvanized steel metal tape is helically wrapped around
the cable core. The
tape is typically protected by an outer covering. Applications include
commercial or
industrial installations in conduit, ducts, troughs, and raceways.
13
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Figure 1
Figure 2
14
Chapter 11
Power Cables
11.2.7 Bedding
It is an inner sheath of bituminous paper over the lead metal sheath to
provide:
Circuit protection.
Installation conditions.
11.3.1 Application
The selection of the cable insulation (voltage) rating is based on: the
phase-to-phase voltage of the system in which the cable is to be
applied, the general system category (depending on whether the
system is grounded or ungrounded), and the time in which a ground
fault on the system is cleared by protective equipment.
15
Chapter 11
Power Cables
The choice between these two types for LV applications will normally
be
determined by economic considerations (the relative prices at that
stage)
andavailability. Bear in mind that a slightly smaller XLPE cable can be
chosen
for the same current requirement, which have other spin-offs, for
example
space-saving on cable racks or in trenches, slightly reduced labor costs
for installation, etc.
16
Chapter 11
Power Cables
KVA 1000
, in IfL
case
= of knowing the kVA rating and voltage
3
17
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Soil temperature is 15
Buried depth is 0.5 m for 1-kV cables and 0.8 m for cables higher
than 1kV.
18
Chapter 11
Power Cables
19
Chapter 11
Power Cables
2 s 2
max +
ln (
)
T
o +
256
148
234.5
228
Diffirent values of ,
21
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
21
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Figure 5
Figure 6
300/500 V
Figure 7
22
Chapter 11
Power Cables
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 8
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 9
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 10
23
Chapter 11
Power Cables
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 11
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 12
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 13
24
Chapter 11
Power Cables
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 14
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 15
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 16
25
Chapter 11
Power Cables
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 17
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 18
0.6/1 (1.2) kV
Figure 19
26
Chapter 11
Power Cables
6/10 (12) kV
Figure 20
6/10 (12) kV
Figure 21
6/10 (12) kV
Figure 22
27
Chapter 11
Power Cables
6/10 (12) kV
Figure 23
8.5/15 (17.5) kV
Figure 24
8.5/15 (17.5) kV
Figure 25
28
Chapter 11
Power Cables
38/66 (72.5) kV
62 Figure
38/66 (72.5) kV
Figure 27
mechanical factors.
Electrochemical factors.
bad industry.
bad welding.
bad loading.
29
Chapter 11
Power Cables
31
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Distance of fault= ( )
Far from the ground which has high level from salts and acids, if it
is important
to follow through them. it should be put on special pipes against them.
Cables laid in ducts: this method for vital cable and for crossing
ways. Man holes are
made to maintain & repair the cable easily when a fault occurs.
Metallic shield: it
used when the cable is near to railways or duct of pipe lines to prevent
galvanic
corrosion.
31
Chapter 11
Power Cables
A layer of sands should be put with 10cm then put the cable on it
directly.
Put the original soil which is extracted during the process of burial
until reaches to
20cm from the edge of the hole and put warning strip at this deep then
make the
process of asphalt for the street.
Important note:
In the project, the cables not direct buried into soil but the cable are
put in the ducts.
Figure 28
32
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Place
mosque
Food court
Hotel
Mall
administration building
chalet
cinema
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.3
Rated
current(A)
Cable
current(A)
35.89
44.86
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
10.44
13.05
Cable Type
No of
cables
1
Corres
ponding
CSA( mm2 )
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
33
Chapter 11
Power Cables
30.77
38.46
78.8
98.5
35.78
44.73
35.78
44.73
45
56.25
34.44
43.05
39.76
49.7
337
421.25
337
421.25
337
421.25
337
421.25
SDB to Elevator
odd doors
21.25
26.56
SDB to Elevator
even doors
21.25
26.56
SDB to Service
lighting
40
50
25.5
31.87
SDB to Elevator
goods
46
57.5
1763.28
2204
154
192.5
1917.28
2396.6
SDB to Water
Pump
MDB to SDB
Transformer1 to
MDB
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 50 +
25)+25
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 16 +
16)+10
(3 16 +
16)+10
(3 150 + 70)
+70
(3 150 + 70)
+70
(3 150 + 70)
+70
(3 150 + 70)
+70
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 16 +
10)+10
(3 10 +
10)+10
(3 16 +
16)+10
(3 1 240
+120) +120
(3 95 +
50)+50
(3 1 300
+150)+150
34
Chapter 11
Power Cables
Rated
current(A)
Cable
current(A)
16.18
20.23
37.9
Cable Type
No of
cables
Corres
ponding CSA
( mm2 )
(3 2.5 + 2.5)
+2.5
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
35
Chapter 11
Power Cables
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
36
Chapter 11
Power Cables
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
37.9
47.38
(3 16 + 16)
+10
337
421.25
(3 150 + 70)
+70
337
421.25
(3 150 + 70)
+70
337
421.25
(3 150 + 70)
+70
337
421.25
(3 150 + 70)
+70
Water Pump
25.5
31.87
(3 10 +
10)+10
Service lighting
40
50
(3 16 +
10)+10
2273.78
2842.23
(3 1 + 300)
+300
37
Chapter 11
MDB to SDB
Transformer 2 to
MDB
Power Cables
65.5
81.87
(3 50 + 25)
+25
2339.28
2924
singlecorecables,stranded Copper
Conductors XLPE Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
(3 1 300 +
150)+150
Rated
Cable
Cable Type
current(A) current(A)
MDB to Mosque
60.93
76.16
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
panel board
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC
sheathed laid in duct
SDB 3 to GND floor
151.24
189.05
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
right panel board
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC
sheathed laid in duct
SDB 3 to First floor
32.1
40.13
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
right panel board
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB4 to Chiller 1
354
442.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Mall
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB 4 to Chiller 2
354
442.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Mall
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB 2 to Cinema
101
126.25
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
chiller
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB2 to Cinema
40.76
50.95
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
panel board
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB4 to Elevator
21.25
26.56
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
1
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB4 to Elevator
21.25
26.56
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
2
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB4 to Elevator
46
57.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
goods
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
SDB4 to Water
25.5
31.875
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
pump
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
MDB to SDB1
114
142.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
MDB to SDB2
141.76
177.2
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
MDB to SDB3
183.34
229.18
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
MDB to SDB4
354
442.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
No of
Corres ponding
cables CSA ( mm2 )
1
(3 25 + 25)+10
(3 35 + 16)+16
(3 2.5 + 2.5)
+2.5
(3 185 + 95)
+95
(3 185 + 95)
+95
(3 50 + 25)
+25
(3 6 + 6)+6
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 16 + 16)+10
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 150 + 150)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 70 + 35)
+35
(3 300 + 150)
+150
38
Chapter 11
Transformer 3 to
MDB
Power Cables
854.03
1067.53
singlecorecables,stranded Copper
Conductors XLPE Insulated
PVCsheathed laid in duct
(3 1 300 +
150)+150
Rated
Cable
current(A) current(A)
112.84
141.05
112.84
141.05
Sub2 to Chalets
9:13 panel board
141.05
176.31
Sub2 to Chalets
14:18 panel board
141.05
176.31
Sub3 to Chalets
19:23 panel board
141.05
176.31
Sub3 to Chalets
24:28 panel board
141.05
176.31
Sub4 to Chalets
29:33 panel board
141.05
176.31
Sub4 to Chalets
34:38 panel board
141.05
176.31
34.5
43.13
32.6
40.75
33.4
41.75
294
367.5
Chillers to Chiller 2
294
367.5
Service panel to
Water Pump
22.6
28.25
21.2
26.5
21.2
26.5
Service Panel to
Elevator 1,2 Panel
board
42.4
53
Cable Type
No of
Corres
cables ponding CSA
( mm2 )
1
(3 50 +
25)+25
1
(3 50 +
25)+25
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 10 + 10)
+10
(3 10 + 10)
+10
(3 10 + 10)
+10
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 10 +
10)+10
39
Chapter 11
Power Cables
14.2
17.75
(3 2.5 + 2.5)
+2.5
14.2
17.75
(3 2.5 + 2.5)
+2.5
Service Panel to
Escalator 1,2 Panel
board
SDB1 to SUB1
28.4
35.5
(3 6 + 6)+6
225.68
282.1
(3 70 + 35)
+35
SDB1 to SUB2
282.1
352.63
(3 120 + 70)
+70
SDB1 to SUB3
282.1
352.63
(3 120 + 70)
+70
SDB1to SUB4
282.1
352.63
(3 120 + 70)
+70
100.5
125.63
(3 70 + 35)
+35
588
735
(3 120 + 70)
+70
SDB2 to Service
Service board
93.4
116.75
(3 35 +
16)+16
SDB2 to Mall
second floor 3
panel board
MDB to SDB1
60.39
75.49
(3 25 +
25)+10
842.29
1052.86
(3 185 + 95)
+95
MDB to SDB2
1071.98
1340
(3 240 + 120)
+120
Transformer 4 to
MDB
2143.96
2679.95
(3 1 240)
+1 240
Rated
Cable
Cable Type
current(A) current(A)
SDB1 to Foad court
55
68.75
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
panel board
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC
sheathed laid in duct
sevice panel to Foad
21.19
26.49
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
court elevator
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC
sheathed laid in duct
sevice panel to Foad
16.95
21.19
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
court water Pumps
Conductors PVC Insulated PVCsheathed
No of
Corres ponding
cables CSA ( mm2 )
1
(3 25 + 25)+10
41
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
Chapter 11
Power Cables
laid in duct
101
126.25
GF 4 Mall Panel
board to GF4.1 Panel
board
GF 4 Mall Panel
board to GF4.2 Panel
board
GF 4 Mall Panel
board to GF4.3 Panel
board
SDB2 to Mall GF4
water Pumps
39.5
49.38
31
38.75
24.8
31
22.6
28.25
SDB2 to Chiller 2
294
367.5
22.6
28.25
SDB3 to Chiller 3
294
367.5
14.13
17.66
14.13
17.66
28.26
35.33
GF5 Mall
sevicepanel board
to water Pumps
SDB1 to Food
coartsevice panel
board
SDB2 to GF4 Mall
panel board
16.95
21.19
38.85
48.56
95.3
119.13
45.2
56.5
MDB to SDB1
194.85
243.56
MDB to SDB2
411.9
514.87
MDB to SDB3
361.8
452.25
Transformer 5 to MDB
968.55
1210.69
(3 70 + 35)
+35
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 6 + 6)+6
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 50 +
2.5)+2.5
(3 50 +
2.5)+2.5
(3 6 + 6)+6
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 16 + 16)+16
(3 70 + 35)
+35
(3 16 + 16)+16
(3 70 + 35)
+35
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 70 + 35)
+35
(3 1 240 +
1 240)+ 1
240
41
Chapter 11
Power Cables
chillers 1 to Chiller 2
Rated
Cable
Cable Type
current(A) current(A)
34.5
43.125
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC sheathed
laid in duct
32.6
40.75
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVC sheathed
laid in duct
33.4
41.75
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVCsheathed
laid in duct
30.3
37.87
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVCsheathed
laid in duct
194
242.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVCsheathed
laid in duct
194
242.5
Multicore cables,stranded Copper
Conductors PVC Insulated PVCsheathed
laid in duct
No of
Corres ponding
cables CSA ( mm2 )
1
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 10 + 10)+10
(3 185 + 95)
+95
(3 185 + 95)
+95
(3 16 + 16)+10
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 1.5 + 1.5)
+1.5
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 4 + 4)+4
(3 10 + 10)+10
45.2
56.5
Escalator1,Escalator2
to Panel board
Escalator1
Escalator1,Escalator2
to Panel Escalator2
14.2
17.75
14.2
17.75
Elevator1, Elevator2 to
Panel board Elevator
1
Elevator1, Elevator2 to
Panel board Elevator
2
Admin1,Admin2
Panel boards to
Admin 1 building
Panel board
Admin1,Admin2
Panel boards to
Admin 2 building
Panel board
Chillers 2 to Admin
Chiller 1
21.2
26.5
21.2
26.5
33.7
42.13
26.2
32.75
(3 6 + 6)+6
115
143.75
(3 70 + 35)
+35
Chillers 2 to Admin
Chiller 2
115
143.75
(3 70 + 35)
+35
22.6
28.25
(3 4 + 4)+4
130.8
163.5
(3 95 + 50)
+50
42
Chapter 11
Power Cables
SDB1 to chillers 1
338
422.2
45.2
56.5
SDB1 to
Escalator1,Escalator2
Panel board
SDB1 to Elevator1,
Elevator2
Panel board
SDB2 to
Admin1,Admin2
Panel boards
SDB2 to Chillers 2
28.4
35.5
42.4
53
59.9
74.87
230
287.5
22.6
28.25
MDB to SDB1
634.8
793.5
MDB to SDB2
312.5
390.63
Transformer 6 to MDB
947.3
1184.13
(3 185 + 95)
+95
(3 16 + 16)+10
(3 6 + 6)+6
(3 16 + 16)+10
(3 25 + 25)+25
(3 240 + 120)
+120
(3 6 + 6)+6
(3 240 + 120)
+120
(3 120 + 70)
+70
(3 1 1000 +
1 500)+ 1
500
43
Chapter 11
Power Cables
44
Chapter 11
Power Cables
requirements.
11.8.1 Permissible voltage drop
Calculate the volt drop that will be experienced at the load terminals.
The maximum
volt drop allowed by the Australian Standard for Electrical Installations
(Standard AS
3000; known as the SAA Wiring Rules) is 5%.
11.8.2 The volt drop may be calculated in two different ways:
Multiply the current by the length of cable, and then multiply the
result by the volt
drop per amp per meter
Vdrop =
3Z Idistance
1000
From the previous law as the current increase the impedance increase
and the voltage drop
increase.
45
Chapter 11
Power Cables
The current will be smaller than it in case of low voltage for the same
power transmitted
,so the voltage drop will be small ,so we volt drop seldom be a problem
a higher voltage
TO
Mosque
Food Court
Adminstration building
Cinema
Ground of hotel
Level 19 of hotel
Rated Current(A)
61.2
55
26
28
36
17.5
Length
40
85
40
40
40
19
mv/Amp/meter
1.28
1.28
5.199
5.199
3.101
7.741
VD %
0.824589
1.574737
1.422884
1.532337
1.175116
0.677338
225.68
282.1
282.1
282.1
28.21
28.21
28.21
28.21
28.21
28.21
28.21
28.21
40
80
120
160
10
40
10
40
10
40
10
40
0.244
0.18
0.18
0.18
5.199
5.199
5.199
5.199
5.199
5.199
5.199
5.199
2.2026368
4.06224
6.09336
8.12448
1.4666379
5.8665516
1.4666379
5.8665516
1.4666379
5.8665516
1.4666379
5.8665516
0.57964
1.06901
1.60352
2.13802
0.38596
1.54383
0.38596
1.54383
0.38596
1.54383
0.38596
1.54383
46