CONTROL

STRUCTURES
while
do while
for statement

DECISION MAKING AND LOOPING

CONTROL STRUCTURES
ITERATIVE OR REPETITIVE
while statement and example programs
do while statement and example programs
for statement and example statements
break and continue statements

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Department of CSE

Iterative (loop) control structures

Iterative (repetitive) control structures are used to repeat
certain statements for a specified number of times.
The statements are executed as long as the condition is true
These kind of control structures are also called as loop control
structures
Three kinds of loop control structures:
while
do while
for

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Department of CSE

Iterative (loop) control structures

Each loop control structure will have
Program loop: body of loop.
control statement tests certain conditions & then
directs repeated execution of statements within the body
of loop.
Two types: Based on position of control statement.
1) Entry controlled loop: control is tested before the start of
the loop. If false, body will not be executed.
2) Exit controlled loop: test is performed at the end of the
body. i.e. body of loop executed at least once.

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Entry Controlled & Exit controlled loops

Entry

Test
Condition

Entry

Body of
The loop

False

True

Body of
The loop

Test
Condition

True

False

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Department of CSE

While statement
Basic format:
while (test condition)
{
body of the loop
}
Entry controlled loop statement
Test condition is evaluated & if it is true, then body of the
loop is executed.
After execution, the test condition is again evaluated & if it is
true, the body is executed again.
This is repeated until the test condition becomes false, &
control transferred out of the loop.
Body of loop is not executed if the condition is false
at the very first attempt.
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Example
#include <iostream.h>

void main( )
{
int counter;
counter =1; // initialization of count variable

while (counter <= 5)

{
}

cout << "I love computers << endl;

counter = counter + 1;

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Program to find the sum of natural

numbers up to N
#include <iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int n;
int sum = 0; //initialize sum
int i=1;
cout<<Enter a value for n : ;
cin>>n;

while (i <= n)
while (n<=100)
{{
sum=
sum=sum+n
sum + i ;
in= i +1;
= n +1;
}}
}

cout<<sum;

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Program to find the average marks scored for

unknown number of students in 3 subjects
and display whether passed or failed ( average
passing marks is 65).
char cChoice = 'y';
float fMark1,fMark2,fMark3;

while( (cChoice == 'Y') || (cChoice == 'y') ) {

cout<<"Enter the marks scored by the student in 3 subjects\n";

cin>>fMark1>>fMark2>>fMark3;
fSum = fMark1 + fMark2 + fMark3;
fAvg = fSum / 3;
if ( fAvg >= 65.0)
cout<<"Student PASSED\n";
else
cout<<"Student FAILED\n";
cout<<"Do you wish to continue? Enter Y/N or y/n :";
cin>>cChoice; //cChoice = getch();

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What is the output of the following

code snippet?
unsigned int iCount = 1;
while (iCount<10);
{
iCount = iCount + 1;
cout<<iCount;
}

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Because of the ;

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To understand while loop

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The do statement
General form:
do
{

body of the loop

}
while (test condition);

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The do statement
General form:
do
{

body of the loop

}
while (test condition);

Exit controlled loop.

After do statement, program executes the body of the Loop.
At the end of the loop, the test condition is evaluated.
If it is true, body of the loop is executed once again & this
process continues as long as the condition is true.
When condition becomes false, the loop will be terminated.
Body of the loop is executed at least once.
do while loop can be nested.
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Example: Finding sum of natural

numbers up to 100
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
int n;
int sum;
sum=0; //initialize sum
n=1;

do
do
{{
sum
sum==sum
sum++n;counter;
ncounter
= n +1; = counter +1;}}
} } while (n
< 100);< 100);
(counter

#include <iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int n;
int sum;
sum=0; //initialize sum
n=1;

while (n<100)
{
sum=sum+n;
n = n +1;
}

cout<<sum;

cout<<sum;

}
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}
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Example
int iNumber, iSum = 0;
do {
cout<<Enter a number. Type 0(zero) to EXIT ;
cin>>iNumber;
iSum = iSum + iNumber;
} while (iNumber != 0);

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The for statement

The general form:

for (initialization; test condition; increment)

{
Body of the loop
}
Next statement;
Entry controlled loop.

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Example: Finding sum of natural

numbers up to 100
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
int n;
int sum;
sum=0; //initialize sum

for(n = 1; n < 100; n=n + 1)

{
sum=sum + n;
}

#include <iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int n;
int sum;
sum=0; //initialize sum
n=1;

while (n < 100)

{
sum= sum + n;
n = n + 1;
}

cout<<sum;
}

cout<<sum;
}

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Find largest of 3 numbers

Algorithm: Largest of 3 numbers
Step 1:
Step 2:

Input A,B,C
LA

Step 3:

If B>L then
L B
if C>L Then
LC

Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:

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Print L
[End of Algorithm]
STOP
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Compute factorial of a number

Algorithm: Factorial of a Number
Step1: Input Num
Step 2: fact 1
Step 3: For count=1 to Num in step of 1 do
begin
fact fact * count
count count + 1
end
Step 4: Print fact of Num=, fact
Step 5: [end of algorithm]
Stop

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Program to find the factorial of a num

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main( )
{
int num;
int count, fact;
fact =1;
clrscr();
cout<<Enter a value for num : ;
cin>>num;

for(count = 1; count<=num; count ++)

{
fact = fact * count;
}
cout<<Factorial of <<num<< = <<fact;
getch();

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Find the sum and mean of first N

natural numbers
Algorithm:
Step1:

sum and mean of natural numbers.

Input N

Step 2:

Sum 0

Step 3:

for Num=1 to N in step of 1 do

begin
Sum Sum + Num
end
Mean Sum / N
Print Sum of N natural numbers=,Sum
Print Mean of N natural numbers =,Mean
[End of algorithm]
Stop

Step 4:
Step 5:

Step6:
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Algorithm to count the no of digits of

a number
Algorithm:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:

Step 4 :
Step 5: :

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count the no of digits.

input N
count 0
while N > 0
begin
NN/10 (integer)
count count + 1
end
Print count=, count
[End of Algorithm]
STOP
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Algorithm to calculate sum of digits

of a number
Algorithm: find sum of digits of a number
Step 1: Input N
Step 2: sum0
Step 3: while N > 0
begin
rem N mod 10
sum sum + rem
NN/10 (integer)
end
Step 4: print sum
Step 5 :[End of Algorithm]
Stop
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Algorithm for Fibonacci series

Algorithm : Fibonocci Series
Step 1 : Input Limit
Step 2: First0,Second1
Step 3: print First
Step 4: while Second < Limit
begin
Print Second
Next First + Second
FirstSecond
Second Next
end
Step 5:[End of Algorithm]
Stop
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Summary
while
do while
for statement

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