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NORMAN LUDWIN
Don Juan
TYPES OF BOWING
ON THE STRING BOWINGS
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Legato
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1. Legato: Group of notes are slurred together, the effect is as smooth as possible.
Dtach
2. Detach: Each note is bowed separately. The notes dont have a break between them,
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as the word detached implies, but can be connected smoothly. Detach bowing can be Sehr
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done at any speed or any dynamic level. As a rule, no special indication is needed for !
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detach bowing, apart an absence of slurs.
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3. Martel: This is called hammered bowing but that is misleading. The bow does not
Fourth
Symphony
strike the string from above but begins and ends right on the string, so there is a very
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marked separation between notes. It is often done at the upper part of the bow, but
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can be done at the frog for a more robust effect. The indication can be dots,
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arrowheads, accents or a combination.
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4. Slurred Staccato: Staccato generally means short notes. However, when used as part
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Tempo di minuetto
of a term slurred staccato it refers to a group of notes is taken (generally with an up#
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bow) with a separate push for each note. Not too many notes can be done in this
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fashion but it is useful in a limited way. It provides a graceful touch to a phrase.
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5. This is called a hooked bowing. It can be an up bow or down bow and it often
occurs in a dotted rhythm. This is a bowing that should be not noticeable to the
Fifth Symphony 1
listener and is a way to resolve bowing issues.
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6. Also hooked bowing but shorter notes.
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7. Lour: This is a brush bowing that is for a music of slow, cantabile character. This
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can make an almost imperceptible break between notes.
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Prokofieff
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strike the string from above but begins and ends right on the string, so there is a very
marked separation between notes. It is often done at the upper part of the bow, but
can be done at the frog for a more robust effect. The indication can be dots,
arrowheads, accents or a combination.
4. Slurred Staccato: Staccato generally means short notes. However, when used as part
of a term slurred staccato it refers to a group of notes is taken (generally with an upbow) with a separate push for each note. Not too many notes can be done in this
Classical
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fashion
but
in a limited way. It provides a graceful touch to a phrase.
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occurs in a dotted rhythm.
that
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listener
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6. Also hooked bowing but shorter notes.
7. Lour: This is a brush bowing that is for a music of slow, cantabile character. This
SPECIALbreak
EFFECTS
can make an almost imperceptible
between notes.
OFFTremolos
THE STRING BOWINGS
3. Martel: This is called hammered bowing but that is misleading. The bow does not
strike the string from above but begins and ends right on the string, so there is a very
marked separation between notes. It is often done at the upper part of the bow, but
can be done at the frog for a more robust effect. The indication can be dots,
arrowheads, accents or a combination.
4. Slurred Staccato: Staccato generally means short notes. However, when used as part
of a term slurred staccato it refers to a group of notes is taken (generally with an upbow) with a separate push for each note. Not too many notes can be done in this
fashion but it is useful in a limited way. It provides a graceful touch to a phrase.
5. This is called a hooked bowing. It can be an up bow or down bow and it often
occurs in a dotted rhythm. This is a bowing that should be not noticeable to the
listener and is a way to resolve bowing issues.
OFF THE STRING BOWINGS
6. Also -2hooked bowing but shorter notes.
7. Lour: This is a brush
bowing
that Bewegung
is for a music of slow,
cantabile character. This
Spiccato
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played
measured
can make
almost imperceptible
between
notes.or unmeasured. This example is unmeasured,
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8. Spiccato: This
is normally
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off the string.
It is
used
frequently
in
orchestral
playing
but
not
when
the
dynamic
17. The
measured
tremelo
calls
for
a
definite
number
of
repeated
notes,
! mf. The notation for this bowing is dots or the word spiccatothe number being
level is to beshown
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the notation. One line through a quarter note means eighth notes, one line
can be written
in.
through
eighth
notes means sixteenths, two lines are thirty-seconds. Triplets are
First
Symphony
Shostakovich
9. Another spiccato
example.
indicated
with a three above each note or occasionally three dots next to the note
Allegretto
10. Flying staccato:
This is an unusual bowing that is similar to the slurred staccato
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head.
Used
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composers.
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played off
the
9 string. It is solo technique that is rarely used
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. string very rapidly with a down bow stroke & most
to bounce on the
often repeated
notes. The notation consists of dots under a slur. It is usually written for a fairly brisk
tempo.
Flying spiccato
Fourth
Symphony
Mahler
12. Successive down
bows. This
device is used when a very decided break between notes
Moderato and often gruff sound.%It is not for too #fast a &tempo
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is desired. It"is a very
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nor too
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13. Successive down
!bows.
legg. This is for a more delicate effect at softer dynamic levels.
14. Successive up bows:
15. Successive up bows.
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Successive up-bows
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SPECIAL EFFECTS
Tremolos
(Unmeasured)
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Successive down-bows
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