ARTCULO ORIGINAL

EFECTO DE LA CENIZA VOLANTE EN LA RESISTENCIA DEL

CONCRETOEN CONDICIONES DE CLIMA NATURAL
EFFECT OF FLY ASH CONCRETE STRENGTH UNDER NATURAL
WEATHER
+XDTXLVWR61.
RESUMEN
(OFRQFUHWRHVHOPDWHULDOPiVXVDGRHQODPD\RUtDGHODVREUDVFLYLOHVGHELGRDTXHHVXQ
PDWHULDODOWDPHQWHUHVLVWHQWH\MXQWRDODFHURWLHQHXQEXHQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRHVWUXFWXUDOHQ
VXHODERUDFLyQVHXWLOL]DFRPRFRPSRQHQWHSULQFLSDODOFHPHQWRHOFXDOLQFLGHGLUHFWDPHQWH
HQHOFRVWRUD]yQSRUODFXDOVHEXVFDGLVPLQXLUODFDQWLGDGGHFHPHQWRFRQODDGLFLyQGH
FHQL]DYRODQWHHOFXDOHVXQSURGXFWRFRQWDPLQDQWHGHOGHVHFKRGHODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRHlctricas. Objetivo:'HWHUPLQDUHOHIHFWRGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR
HLGHQWLFDUHOSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRGHXWLOL]DFLyQHQODGRVLFDFLyQMaterial y mtodos: Se
XWLOL]yFRQFUHWRQRUPDOFRQDGLFLRQHVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDOGLVHxRHQSURSRUFLRQHVGH
\SDUDURWXUDVDORV\GtDVResultados: A los 28 das se tienen
UHVLVWHQFLDVHQSURPHGLRGHNJFPWDQWRSDUDFRQFUHWRQRUPDODVtFRPRWDPELpQSDUD
FRQFUHWRFRQGHFHQL]DYRODQWHNJFPSDUDHONJFPSDUDHO\
NJFPSDUDHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHConclusiones: La ceniza volanWHPHMRUDODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHQXQUDQJRGHODOPiVDOOiGHHVWRVYDORUHV
GLVPLQX\HODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRSRUORTXHSXHGHUHVXOWDUSHUMXGLFLDO
Palabras clave: Cemento, ceniza-volante, concreto, diseo, resistencia.
ABSTRACT
Concrete is the most common material used in most civil works because it is a highly resistant and with material steel has a good structural behavior, its production is used as the
main cement component, which directly affects the cost , which is why it seeks to reduce the
DPRXQWRIFHPHQWZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQRI\DVKZKLFKLVDSROOXWDQWZDVWHRISRZHUSODQWV
Objective:7RGHWHUPLQHWKHHIIHFWRI\DVKLQFRQFUHWHVWUHQJWKDQGLGHQWLI\WKHRSWLPXP
XWLOL]DWLRQUDWHLQGRVDJHMaterial and methods: 1RUPDOFRQFUHWHZLWK\DVKDGGLWLRQV
WRWKHGHVLJQLQSURSRUWLRQVRIDQGIRUEUHDNDJHVDWDQG
 GD\V 5esults: $IWHU  GD\V KDYH UHVLVWDQFHV DYHUDJLQJ  NJFP IRU ERWK QRUPDO


0DJtVWHUHQ,QJHQLHUtD&LYLO'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLD7HFQRORJtD\0HGLR$PELHQWHGRFHQWH8QLYHUVLGDG
Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.

57

5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

FRQFUHWHDVZHOODVFRQFUHWHZLWK\DVKNJFPIRUNJFPWR
DQGNJFPIRURI\DVKUHVSHFWLYHO\Conclusions: Fly ash it improves concrete
VWUHQJWKLQDUDQJHIURPWREH\RQGWKHVHYDOXHVUHGXFHVWKHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWHVR
LWFDQEHKDUPIXO
Keywords:&HPHQW\DVKFRQFUHWHGHVLJQUHVLVWDQFH
INTRODUCCIN
(OFRQFUHWRHVXQRGHORVPDWHULDOHVPiVXVDGRVHQODUHJLyQ3XQR\HO3HU~SDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHWRGRWLSRGH,QIUDHVWUXFWXUD&LYLO6XGRVLFDFLyQUHTXLHUHHOXVRGHDGLWLYRVGH
GLVWLQWDQDWXUDOH]DGHPDQHUDTXHVHWHQJDXQFRQFUHWRGHPD\RUFDOLGDGHQHVWHVHQWLGR
VXUJHODSRVLELOLGDGGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHFRPRDGLWLYRDVHUDGLFLRQDGRHQOD
GRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWRSDUDGDUOHPD\RUUHVLVWHQFLDGXUDELOLGDG\WUDEDMDELOLGDGHQFOLPDV
IUtRV6LELHQODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQPDWHULDOFRQWDPLQDQWHGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHVXXWLOL]DFLyQHQSHTXHxDVFDQWLGDGHVHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWRHVDGHFXDGR
/DVFHQL]DVYRODQWHVVHFRQVWLWX\HQHQXQUHVLGXRHFROyJLFDPHQWHSUREOHPiWLFRTXHGHEHQ
HOLPLQDUODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRHOpFWULFDVHYLWDQGRTXHSHUPDQH]FDQHQORVGHSyVLWRVGRQGH
VRQDPRQWRQDGDV\XELFDGDVDODLUHOLEUH(VWDSUiFWLFDVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQSHOLJURDPELHQWDO\DTXHVXFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXDHOVXHOR\HODLUHJHQHUDJUDYHVSUREOHPDVGHFRQWDminacin (1).
6LHQGRODFRQWDPLQDFLyQDPELHQWDOWRGRFDPELRLQGHVHDEOHHQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVItVLFDVTXtPLFDVRELROyJLFDVGHODLUHHODJXDRHOVXHORTXHSXHGHDIHFWDUGHPDQHUDDGYHUVDODVDOXGODVXSHUYLYHQFLDRODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHORVKXPDQRVRGHRWURVVHUHVYLYRV
0XFKRVHVWXGLRVKDQVLGRGHVDUUROODGRVSDUDHYDOXDUODLQXHQFLDGHOXVRGHFHQL]DYRODQWH
FRQSURSLHGDGHVSX]ROiQLFDVHQODWUDEDMDELOLGDGGHOFRQFUHWR\HQVXFDOLGDGHQWpUPLQRV
GHVXUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQ\GHORVQLYHOHVGHFRQWUDFFLyQSRUVHFDGRHQXQRGHORV
HVWXGLRVHOREMHWLYRFRQVLVWLyHQGHWHUPLQDUHOFRQVXPRySWLPRGHFHQL]DYRODQWHSDUDREWHQHUODPi[LPDUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQHQFRQFUHWRVFRQXQDFRQVLVWHQFLDGDGDDVtFRPR
evaluar los niveles de contraccin por secado (3).
/DFHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQVXESURGXFWRGHODFRPEXVWLyQGHOFDUEyQSXOYHUL]DGRHQSODQWDV
JHQHUDGRUDVGHHOHFWULFLGDG\HVHOPDWHULDOFHPHQWDQWHVXSOHPHQWDULRPiVXWLOL]DGRHQORV
(VWDGRV8QLGRV%DMRODLJQLFLyQHQHOKRUQRODPD\RUSDUWHGHODPDWHULDYROiWLO\HO
FDUERQRGHOFDUEyQVHTXHPDQ'XUDQWHODFRPEXVWLyQODVLPSXUH]DVPLQHUDOHVGHOFDUEyQ
WDOHVFRPRDUFLOODIHOGHVSDWRFXDU]R\HVTXLVWRVHIXQGHQHQVXVSHQVLyQ\VHWUDQVSRUWDQ
KDFLDDIXHUDGHODFiPDUDSRUORVJDVHVGHHVFDSH

58

Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto

Samuel Huaquisto Cceres

/DV FHQL]DV YRODQWHV VRQ HO UHVLGXR QDPHQWH GLYLGLGR UHVXOWDQWH GH OD FRPEXVWLyQ GHO
FDUEyQ\DVHDHQWUR]RVRHQSROYRHOFXDOHVWUDQVSRUWDGRGHVGHVXDOPDFHQDPLHQWRSRUORV
JDVHVGHFRPEXVWLyQ
(VWD FHQL]D YRODQWH REWHQLGD GH OD TXHPD GHO FDUEyQ XWLOL]DGR FRPR FRPEXVWLEOH HQ OD
JHQHUDFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQFRQWDPLQDQWHVLHQGREHQHFLRVR
FXDQGRHVDGLFLRQDGDDOFRQFUHWRHQFDQWLGDGHVSHTXHxDVSDUDPHMRUDUVXUHVLVWHQFLD\D
TXHHODXPHQWRGHOFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DVGHODOQRPRGLFDVLJQLFDWLYDPHQWHHO
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRGHOPDWHULDO
/DFHQL]DYRODQWHQRHVPX\XWLOL]DGRHQQXHVWURSDtVGHELGRDODIDOWDGHGLIXVLyQDFHUFDGH
ORVEHQHFLRVTXHSRGUtDJHQHUDUHQHOFRQFUHWRHQSDtVHVGHPD\RUGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRVH
YLHQHXVDQGRFRPRXQVXESURGXFWRSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFHPHQWRV\FRQFUHWRVDGLFLRQDGRV/D
FHQL]DYRODQWHHVXQRGHORVWLSRVGHDGLFLRQHVDFWLYDVHPSOHDGDVHQODIDEULFDFLyQGHFHPHQWRV\KRUPLJRQHVFRQRFLGDWDPELpQFRPRFHQL]DGHFRPEXVWLEOHSXOYHUL]DGRHVODFHQL]D
SUHFLSLWDGDHOHFWURVWiWLFDPHQWHGHORVKXPRVHVFDSDGRVGHODVHVWDFLRQHVGHIXHU]DPRWUL]TXH
IXQFLRQDQDEDVHGHFDUEyQ\HVODSX]RODQDDUWLFLDOPiVFRP~QHQVXVFRPSRQHQWHVSUHYDlecen elementos minerales. La adicin de las cenizas al concreto reduce su costo, se utiliza menos
FHPHQWR\VHPHMRUDDOJXQDVGHVXVSURSLHGDGHVFRPRVXWUDEDMDELOLGDGGXUDELOLGDGGHQVLGDG\
VDQJUDGRVXLPSHUPHDELOLGDGVXUHVLVWHQFLDDODWDTXHTXtPLFRVREUHWRGRGHVXOIDWRV\VXUHVLVWHQFLDDODFRPSUHVLyQ/DVEDMDVUHODFLRQHVDJXDFHPHQWRREWHQLGDVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOD
DGLFLyQGHFHQL]DYRODQWHSHUPLWHQUHGXFLUODUHWUDFFLyQSRUVHFDGR\ODUHVLVWHQFLDDODDEUDVLyQ
HQFRQFUHWRVXLGRV/RVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVFRQVROLGDQORVDUJXPHQWRVWpFQLFRV\HFROyJLFRV
para seguir promoviendo el uso de concretos con ceniza volante (9).

)LJXUD&HQL]DYRODQWHFRPRSURGXFWRGHGHVHFKRGHODVFHQWUDOHVWHUPRHOpFWULFDV
)XHQWHZZZWULEXWDFLyQQHW

59

5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

/DVSDUWtFXODVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHFHQL]DVYRODQWHVGHFDUEyQHVWiQHQHOUDQJRGHPHQRVGH
PDPiVGHPPGHWDPDxR/DVSDUWtFXODVGHFHQL]DVYRODQWHVDSURSLDGDVSDUDVHUXVDGDV
FRPRSX]RODQDHQFRQFUHWRVSDVDQHQVXPD\RUtDHOWDPL]1PFRQFRQWHQLGRV
GHKXPHGDGSUHVHQWHVPHQRUHVD6XFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDHVFRPSOHMDODPD\RUtDVRQ
GHQDWXUDOH]DVLOtFHD\GHEDMRFRQWHQLGRGHy[LGRGHFDOFLRHVGHFLUy[LGRGHDOXPLQLR
$O2y[LGRIpUULFR)H2y[LGRGHFDOFLR&D2VtOLFD6L2DGHPiVGHy[LGR
GHPDJQHVLR0J2\WULy[LGRGHD]XIUH62([LVWHQGRVFODVHVFRPXQHVHQQXHVWUR
PHGLRODVFHQL]DVGHOD&ODVH)VRQQRUPDOPHQWHSURGXFLGDVSRUFDUEyQFRQDOWRFDORUGH
HQHUJtDWDOHVFRPRORVFDUERQHVELWXPLQRVRV\DQWUDFtWLFRV\UDUDPHQWHFRQWLHQHQPiVGHO
GHy[LGRGHFDOFLR/DVFHQL]DVGHOD&ODVH&VXEELWXPLQRVDVWtSLFDPHQWHFRQWLHQHQ
PiVGHOGHy[LGRGHFDOFLR\WLHQHQSURSLHGDGHVFHPHQWDQWHV\SX]ROiQLFDV
/DUHVLVWHQFLDHQFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRHVODFDUJDPi[LPDSDUDXQDXQLGDGGHiUHD
VRSRUWDGDSRUXQDPXHVWUDDQWHVGHODIDOODSRUFRPSUHVLyQDJULHWDPLHQWRURWXUDHO
FXDOGHEHVHUDOFDQ]DGRDORVGtDVGHVSXpVGHYDFLDGR\UHDOL]DGRHOFXUDGRUHVSHFWLYR
/DUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRQRSXHGHSUREDUVHHQFRQGLFLyQSOiVWLFDSRUORTXHHO
SURFHGLPLHQWRDFRVWXPEUDGRFRQVLVWHHQWRPDUPXHVWUDVGXUDQWHHOPH]FODGR/DUHVLVtencia del concreto depende principalmente de la concentracin de la pasta de cemento,
TXH VH DFRVWXPEUD H[SUHVDU SULQFLSDOPHQWH HQ WpUPLQRV GH OD UHODFLyQ DJXDFHPHQWR
PLHQWUDV PD\RU HV pVWD UHODFLyQ PHQRU HV OD UHVLVWHQFLD GHO FRQFUHWR D HVWD SDVWD GH
cemento se adiciona la ceniza volante.
(OFRQFUHWRHVXQPDWHULDODUWLILFLDOFRPSXHVWRSRUXQDPH]FODDGHFXDGDGRVLILFDGDGHFHPHQWRDJXDDJUHJDGRV\RSFLRQDOPHQWHDGLWLYRVTXHLQLFLDOPHQWHGHQRWDXQDHVWUXFWXUDSOiVWLFD\PROGHDEOHTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWHDGTXLHUHXQDFRQVLVWHQFLD
rgida con propiedades resistentes, entre sus componentes se tiene: Cemento Portland
DJXDDJUHJDGRVDLUH\DGLWLYRVDGLFLRQDGRVHQWUHHOORVSXHGHVHUFHQL]DYRODQWH(OFHPHQWRHVXQDJORPHUDQWHKLGUyILOR
UHVXOWDQWH GH OD FDOFLQDFLyQ GH URFDV FDOL]DV DUHQLVFDV \ DUFLOODV SDUD REWHQHU XQ
SROYRPX\ILQRTXHHQSUHVHQFLDGHDJXDDGTXLHUHSURSLHGDGHVGHHQGXUHFLPLHQWR
UHVLVWHQFLD \ DGKHUHQFLD /RV FRPSRQHQWHV SULQFLSDOHV GHO FHPHQWR VRQ 6LOLFDWR
de Tricalcio C3S, Silicato de Bicalcio C2S, Aluminato de Tricalcio C3A, AlumiQRIHUUDWR&$)DGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHDJUHJD\HVR62/RVDJUHJDGRVFRQVWLWX\HQ
XQD LPSRUWDQWH SDUWH GHO FRQFUHWR DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HO  GH OD PDVD VX URO HV
HYLGHQWHPHQWHGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLD(OFRQFUHWRVHKDFHFRQSDUWtFXODVGHDJUHJDGR
GHXQDYDULHGDGGHWDPDxRV/DDOWHUQDWLYDGHXVRPiVFRP~QHQODIDEULFDFLyQGH
FRQFUHWRV GH EXHQD FDOLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ REWHQHU HO DJUHJDGR HQ SRU OR PHQRV GRV
partes separados, con la divisin principal en el tamao de partcula de 9.5 mm o la
PDOODQ~PHURGHOD$670$VtVHGLYLGHHODJUHJDGRILQRDUHQDGHODJUHJDGR
grueso (grava).

60

Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto

Samuel Huaquisto Cceres

)LQDOPHQWHHOREMHWLYRGHOHVWXGLRIXHGHWHUPLQDUHOHIHFWRGHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHLGHQWLFDUHOSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRGHXWLOL]DFLyQHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHO
concreto.
MATERIAL Y MTODOS
/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQIXHFXDQWLWDWLYDGHFDUiFWHUQRH[SHULPHQWDOGHOWLSRFRUUHODFLRQDOHQHO
FXDOVHWLHQHQODVYDULDEOHVSRUFHQWDMHGHFHQL]DYRODQWH\UHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR
(OiPELWRGHHVWXGLRVRQORVFRQFUHWRVFRQYHQFLRQDOHVHODERUDGRVHQODFLXGDGGH3XQRHO
FXDOVHXELFDDXQDDOWLWXGGHPVQP/DWLWXG6XU\/RQJLWXG
2HVWH/DSUHFLSLWDFLyQSURPHGLRDQXDOHVPHQRUGHPPWHPSHUDWXUDYDULDEOHFRQRVFLODFLRQHVHQWUHXQDPi[LPDGH&\XQDPtQLPDGH&FRQXQDWHPSHUDWXUDPHGLD
GH&VHJ~QHO6HUYLFLR1DFLRQDO'H0HWHRURORJtDH+LGURORJtD6(1$0+,3XQR
6HKDQGHWHUPLQDGRHVSHFtPHQHVGHSUXHEDSDUDFRQFUHWRQRUPDOVHJ~QHOPpWRGR$&,
DOGHFHQL]D\GHOSHVRGHOFHPHQWRSDUDURWXUDVDORV\GtDV
en una prensa Modelo ADR 1500.
(O FHPHQWR XVDGR HV GHO WLSR ,3 SX]ROiQLFR FRQ SHVR HVSHFtFR GH JUFP (O DJXD
XWLOL]DGDHVSRWDEOH\ORVDJUHJDGRVIXHURQREWHQLGRVGHODFDQWHUDGH&XWLPERXELFDGDD
24Km., de la ciudad de Puno.
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVDJUHJDGRVVRQODVTXHVHPXHVWUDQHQODWDEOD3DUDODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRVHUHDOL]ySUREHWDVFLOtQGULFDVGHFPGHDOWXUD\GLiPHWURVGHFPSUREDGDVDORV\GtDV/DVSUREHWDVSHUPDQHFLHURQHQHOPROGHGH
DKRUDVGHVSXpVIXHURQFXUDGRVEDMRDJXDKDVWDHOPRPHQWRGHOHQVD\RDWHPSHUDWXUD
DPELHQWHPHGLDGH&
7DEOD&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODJUHJDGRSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFRQFUHWRV
&DQWHUD&XWLPER
7DPDxRPi[LPRSXOJ
3HVRHVSHFtFRJFP3)
3HVRXQLWDULRFRPSDFWDGRNJP3)
3HVRXQLWDULRVXHOWRNJP3)
&RQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDG
$EVRUFLyQ
0yGXORGHQH]D

Agregado grueso
1
2,50
1619
1423
0,83
3,11
6,82

$JUHJDGRQR
Nro 4
2,47
1709
1487
1,09
0,93
3,30

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

61

5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

/DFHQL]DYRODQWHXVDGRHVGHOWLSR)SURGXFLGDVQRUPDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGHODFRPEXVWLyQ
GH DQWUDFLWDV \ FDUERQHV ELWXPLQRVRV \ FX\D VXPD GH y[LGRV iFLGRV HV PD\RU GHO 
8QDPXHVWUDGHNJGHFHQL]DYRODQWHH[WUDtGRGHODFHQWUDOWHUPRHOpFWULFDGH,OR
VRPHWLGDDDQiOLVLVTXtPLFRVDUURMyORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV
7DEOD&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXtPLFDVGHODFHQL]DYRODQWH
Descripcin
de muestra
Ceniza volante

Si02

Al203

Fe203

Mn203

CaO

MgO

Na20

K20

S03


54,32


25,36


0,18


0,05


1,18


0,03


1,27


1,93


0,05

)XHQWH/DERUDWRULRVDQDOtWLFRVGHOVXU(,5/WGD$UHTXLSD

$OJXQRV FRPSRQHQWHV LPSRUWDQWHV GH OD FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ TXtPLFD GH OD FHQL]D YRODQWH
VRQHOFRQWHQLGRGHVXOIDWRVKXPHGDG\SpUGLGDSRUFDOFLQDFLyQ
RESULTADOS
(OGLVHxRGHPH]FODVIXHUHDOL]DGRSDUDXQFRQFUHWRGHIF NJFPDVHQWDPLHQWR
GH\UHODFLyQDJXDFHPHQWR/DGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODSURSRUFLyQHQSHVR
GHOGLVHxRPRVWUyORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV&HPHQWR $JUHJDGRQR
 $JUHJDGRJUXHVR $JXD 
Por tanto la proporcin en peso del diseo de la mezcla de concreto es la mostrada en
ODWDEOD
7DEOD3URSRUFLyQHQSHVRGHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVSDUDFRQFUHWR
Componentes
&HPHQWRNJ
&HQL]DYRODQWHNJ
$JUHJDGRQRNJ
$JUHJDGRJUXHVRNJ
Agua (lit)

GHFHQL]DYRODQWHXWLOL]DGDHQHOGLVHxR





42,5
41,44
40,38
38,25
36,13
0
1,06
2,13
4,25
6,38
69,28
69,28
69,28
69,28
69,28
115,60 115,60 115,60 115,60 115,60
23,80
23,80
23,80
23,80
23,80

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHODUHVLVWHQFLDSURPHGLRDODFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRDORV\
GtDVVHSUHVHQWDQHQODWDEODFRQORVUHVSHFWLYRVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDGLFLRQDGRVDOD
mezcla de concreto.

62

Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto

Samuel Huaquisto Cceres

Tabla 4. Resistencias promedio a la compresin simple del concreto
% de ceniza volante
0,0
2,5
5,0
10,0
15,0

7 das
146
147
150
139
125

14 das
178
180
185
170
159

28 das
218
223
231
200
192

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQHQEDVHDHQVD\RVGHODERUDWRULR

(Q OD WDEOD  VH REVHUYD TXH YDORUHV Pi[LPRV GH UHVLVWHQFLDV D FRPSUHVLyQ VLPSOH GHO
FRQFUHWRDORV\GtDVVRQDOFDQ]DGDVSDUDXQFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DYRODQWHGHO
&RQWHQLGRVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHPD\RUDOUHGXFHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRLQFOXVLYHSRU
GHEDMRGHOSHUPLWLGRHQFDPELRYDORUHVSRUGHEDMRGHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHPDQWLHQHQOD
resistencia a compresin simple del concreto en un rango permitido.
Resistencia del concreto f'c (kg/cm2)

250

200
7 das
14 das
150

28 das

100
0

10

15

20

Contenido de ceniza volante (%)

)LJXUD Resistencia del concreto segn porcentaje de ceniza volante.

/DUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRHQIXQFLyQDOSRUFHQWDMHGHFHQL]DYRODQWH\VHJ~QHOQ~PHURGH
GtDVWUDQVFXUULGRVDXPHQWDKDVWDXQSXQWRPi[LPR\GLVPLQX\HDPHGLGDTXHHVWHFRQWHQLGR
GHFHQL]DYRODQWHDXPHQWDWDOFRPRVHLOXVWUDHQODJXUD(OSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRHVWiGHQWUR
GHOUDQJRDSUR[LPDGRGHODOGHFRQWHQLGRGHFHQL]DVLHQGRXQYDORUPHGLRHOPiV
ptimo.

63

5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina

Resistencia del concreto f'c (kg/cm2)

VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015

250

200

0%

150

2.50%
100

5%
10%

50

15%

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

Nro. De das de curado

)LJXUD Resistencia del concreto segn das transcurridos.

(QODJXUDVHREVHUYDTXHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWRDXPHQWDVHJ~QGtDVWUDQVFXUULGRV
$OFDQ]DXQDUHVLVWHQFLDFRQVLGHUDEOHKDVWDORVVLHWHGtDVDSDUWLUGHOFXDOODSHQGLHQWHGHOD
FXUYDWLHQGHDVHUPiVKRUL]RQWDO7DPELpQVHREVHUYDTXHODVUHVLVWHQFLDVPi[LPDVFRUUHVSRQGHQDOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHHQODGRVLFDFLyQGHOFRQFUHWR
DISCUSIN
$ORVGtDVODVEULTXHWDVGHFRQFUHWRFRQHOFRQWHQLGRGHOGHFHQL]DYRODQWHDOFDQ]DQ
PD\RUHVUHVLVWHQFLDVSRUWDQWRODVFHQL]DVYRODQWHVSXHGHQFRQWULEXLUDPHMRUDUODUHVLVWHQFLDDFRPSUHVLyQGHOFRQFUHWRDHGDGHVWDQWHPSUDQDVFRPRORVGtDVGiQGROHOD
FDOLGDG UHTXHULGD7DPELpQHV IDFWLEOH GLVHxDU FRQFUHWRV DGLFLRQDGRV FRQ FHQL]D YRODQWH
FRQODPLVPDUHVLVWHQFLDHVSHFLFDGDFRQODFHUWH]DTXHDHGDGHVPD\RUHVDORVGtDV
VX LQFUHPHQWR UHVLVWHQWH VHUi PD\RU TXH ORV FRQFUHWRV QRUPDOHV  (VWD DUPDFLyQ HV
FRUURERUDGDSRUHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLR\DTXHHQWRGDVODVGRVLFDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVDPHGLGD TXH DXPHQWD OD HGDG GHO FRQFUHWR DXPHQWD WDPELpQ OD UHVLVWHQFLD GHO FRQFUHWR 3RU
RWURODGRFRQFUHWRVHIHFWXDGRVFRQHVWHWLSRGHUHVLGXRDOFDQ]DQH[FHOHQWHVSURSLHGDGHV
PHFiQLFDV\PD\RUGXUDELOLGDGSRUVXUHVLVWHQFLDDORVDJUHVLYRViFLGRV\DODUHDFFLyQ
iULGRiOFDOLVLQHPEDUJRHVQHFHVDULRWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHODUHDFFLyQGHKLGUDWDFLyQGH
ODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVPiVOHQWDTXHODGHOFHPHQWR3RUWODQGSRUHOORVHREWLHQHQPHMRUHV
UHVLVWHQFLDVSHURHQSHULRGRVGHWLHPSRPiVODUJRVHQFRQVHFXHQFLDVHUtDUHFRPHQGDEOHFRQVLGHUDUSDUDODVPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRFRQFHQL]DYRODQWHXQDHGDGGHGLVHxRPD\RU
a los 28 das (14).
$OJXQRVHVWXGLRVLQGLFDQTXHODDGLFLyQGHOGHFHQLDYRODQWHVHFRQVLGHUDHOSRUFHQWDMHySWLPRGHDGLFLyQ\DTXHLQFUHPHQWDODUHVLVWHQFLDPHFiQLFDGHOPRUWHURHQXQD

64

Efecto de la ceniza volante en la resistencia del concreto

Samuel Huaquisto Cceres

HGDGHVGHGtDVGHFXUDGR\JHQHUDHIHFWRVSRVLWLYRVHQODVSURSLHGDGHVGHGXUDELOLGDG
 HQ RWUR HVWXGLR WDPELpQ VH LQGLFD TXH HO SRUFHQWDMH ySWLPR GH DGLFLyQ GH FHQL]D
YRODQWHHVGHOGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDPHFiQLFRVLQHPEDUJRSDUDQXHVWURHVWXGLRDHVWDSURSRUFLyQODUHVLVWHQFLDGLVPLQX\HGHELGRDODEDMDWHPSHUDWXUDVGHFXUDGRSRU
tanto la proporcin ptima de ceniza volante para el diseo de mezclas de concreto es del
DOeVWDGRVLFDFLyQQRHVSDUDPRUWHURVVLQRSDUDFRQFUHWRVGHNJFPTXH
OOHYDQDFHURGHUHIXHU]RORVFXDOHVVHSXHGHQGHWHULRUDUSRUODFRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDTXH
presenta la ceniza volante.
(OXVRGHJUDQGHVYRO~PHQHVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHLQFUHPHQWDODGXUDELOLGDGGHOFRQFUHWRDO
DXPHQWDUODLPSHUPHDELOLGDGDWULEXLEOHDTXHODVSDUWtFXODVQDVGHFHQL]DYRODQWHVHDORMDQ
HQORVHVSDFLRVHQWUHODVSDUWtFXODVGHFHPHQWR\DOFRQWULEXLUDUHGXFLUHOVDQJUDGRHQOD]RQD
GH WUDQVLFLyQ SDVWDDJUHJDGR HV PiV UHVLVWHQWH$XQDGR D HVWR OD FHQL]D YRODQWHUHGXFH OD
JHQHUDFLyQGHFDORUGHKLGUDWDFLyQDXPHQWDODUHVLVWHQFLDDODDFFLyQGHORVVXOIDWRV\DSDUWH
VHREWLHQHXQSURGXFWRVXVWHQWDEOH\DTXHHVXQGHVHFKRLQGXVWULDOFRQWDPLQDQWH(OXVRGH
ODFHQL]DYRODQWHD\XGDDXPHQWDUODWUDEDMDELOLGDG\GLVPLQX\HODSpUGLGDGHUHYHQLPLHQWR
DXQTXHHOFRQVXPRGHFHPHQWDQWHWRWDODXPHQWDGHNJPDNJPHOFRVWRGHO
FHPHQWDQWHHVPXFKRPiVEDMR\DTXHODFHQL]DYRODQWHHVPXFKRPiVEDUDWDTXHHOFHPHQWR
Prtland.
CONCLUSIONES
/DFHQL]DYRODQWHXWLOL]DGRHQHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRHQSRUFHQWDMHVGHODO
PHMRUDODUHVLVWHQFLDGHpVWHVLHQGRySWLPRXQYDORUPHGLRHQHVWHUDQJRDGHPiVDORV
28 das para estos porcentajes de ceniza volante se alcanzan resistencias por encima de la
resistencia del concreto normal.
3RUFHQWDMHVFHQL]DYRODQWHPD\RUHVDOHQHOGLVHxRGHPH]FODVGHFRQFUHWRKDFHSHUGHUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDGHOPLVPRHQFDPELRSDUDSRUFHQWDMHVPHQRUHVDOODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQFUHWR
HVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODPLVPDTXHSDUDHOFRQFUHWRQRUPDO
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS



&LIXHQWHV3$)HUUHU-&$QiOLVLVGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRDHGDGHVWDUGtDVGHO
FRQFUHWRKLGUiXOLFRFRQDGLFLyQGHFHQL]DVYRODQWHVGHWHUPRSDLSD7HVLVGH*UDGR
Bucaramanga: Universidad Industria de Santander; 2006.



0HQD0$(VWiQGDUHVGHJHVWLyQPHGLRDPELHQWDOHQWDOOHUHVGHPHFiQLFDDXWRPRWUL]
/LPD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO0D\RUGH6DQ0DUFRV



'XUiQ+$5LYHUD7-&RQFUHWRSDUDXVRHVWUXFWXUDOHFRQyPLFRGXUDEOH\VXVWHQWDElecon alto contenido de ceniza volante. Ciencia FIC. 2007; (1), 39-52.

65

5HYLVWD&LHQWtFDInvestigacin Andina
VOLUMEN 15 N 1 Enero-Junio 2015



.RVPDWND67.HUNKRII%3DQDUHVH:&7DQHVL-'LVHxR\FRQWUROGHPH]FODVGH
concreto. Portland, USA: Portland Cement Association; 2004.



5LYYD/(0DWHULDOHVSDUDHOFRQFUHWR/LPD,QVWLWXWRGHOD&RQVWUXFFLyQ\*HUHQFLD
2008.



0ROLQD%0RUDJXHV7$*iOYH]-/DLQXHQFLDGHODVFHQL]DVYRODQWHVFRPRVXVWLWXWRSDUFLDOGHOFHPHQWR3yUWODQGHQODGXUDELOLGDGGHOKRUPLJyQSURSLHGDGHVItVLFDV
GLIXVLyQGHOLyQFORUXUR\GHOGLy[LGRGHFDUERQR$QDOHVGH0HFiQLFDGHOD)UDFWXUD
2008; 25(2): 575-580.



5RGUtJXH] 6- (PSOHR GH ODV FHQL]DVYRODQWHV HQ OD IDEULFDFLyQGH ORV KRUPLJRQHV
5HYLVWDGH2EUDV3~EOLFDV

8.

Neville M A. Tecnologa del Concreto. Ciudad de Mxico: Limusa; 1988.



9DOGH]3'XUiQ$5LYHUD-0-XiUH]&$&RQFUHWRVXLGRVFRQDOWRVYRO~PHQHVGH
ceniza volante. Ciencia UANL. 2007; 10(1): 49-57.

 $EDQWR)7HFQRORJtDGHOFRQFUHWR7HRUtD\SUREOHPDV/LPD6DQ0DUFRV
 5LYYD/(1DWXUDOH]D\PDWHULDOHVGHOFRQFUHWR/LPD,QVWLWXWRGHOD&RQVWUXFFLyQ\
*HUHQFLD
12.

Santaella L. Caracterizacin ItVLFD TXtPLFD \ PLQHUDOyJLFD GH lascenizas volantes.

Ciencia e Ingeniera Neogranadina. 2001; 10: 47-62.

 6XiUH]60H]FODVELQDULDV\WHUQDULDVEDVDGDVHQFHQL]DVYRODQWHV,QXHQFLDGHODFWLYDGRUVREUHODIRUPDFLyQGHIDVHV\UHVLVWHQFLDVPHFiQLFDV7HVLVGH0DHVWULD&DWDOXQ\D(VSDxD8QLYHUVLGDG3ROLWpFQLFDGH&DWDOXQ\D
 9iVTXH](&RQFUHWRGHDOWRGHVHPSHxRFRQHOHYDGRFRQVXPRGHFHQL]DYRODQWH7HVLV
de Maestria. Ciudada de Mexico, Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico; 2010.
 %XUJRV'0$QJXOR'(0HMtDGH*XWLpUUH]5'XUDELOLGDGGHPRUWHLURVDGLFLRQDGRV
FRPFHQL]DVYRODQWHVGHDOWRFRQWHQLGRGHFDUEyQ5HY/DWLQ$P0HWDO0DW
31(1): 61-70.
 9DOGHUUDPD&7RUUHV$0HMtDGH*XWLpUUH]5&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHGHVHPSHxRGHXQ
FRQFUHWRDGLFLRQDGRFRQFHQL]DVYRODQWHVGHDOWRQLYHOGHLQTXHPDGRV,QJHQLHUtDH
investigacin. 2011; 31(1): 39-46.
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQ
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQ
5HIHUHQFLDV
6DPXHO+XDTXLVWR&iFHUHV
51950006004
KFBVDPXHO#KRWPDLOFRP

66