Location Type Details

Ethiopia Population o 2004 – population 67 million – nearly 2 million added each year due
change and to high fertility, lowering mortality rates
carrying o 75% of the population live in rural areas
capacity o National average population density 55 people/km2 but ranges from
30-100
o West of the rift valley = fertile. City Addis Abada pop. 6 million
o East of rift valley = bale mountains and desert
o 15% population live over 2400m, 75% live between 1500 – 2400m
o War means is inability for population to be protected
o Food cannot be transported to areas in the north
Japan Population £50 million spent to encourage and assist large families
control
Spain Falling fertility Women in education delay having children. IN 30 years the average age
of having your first child has risen fro 26 to 38 years
Thailand Population o Word spread about contraception
Control o Advertised benefits of only 2 children
LEDC
o 1970 – health care for mothers and babies
o Health care centres gave out free contraception
o Midwives and paramedics trained to help children to survive
Mexico- Migration o THE FACTS
USA o 27 million in 1950 to 94 million in 1995. rapid population
growth
o Environmental degradation, poor living conditions and few
jobs
o Only 13% land available for crops – erosion problems with
soil
o 4% forests removed every year
o Soil suffers from salinisaton
o A few very rich farmers are buying up the smaller farms
o No food, landless – they need to migrate in order to survive
o Mexico City pop. 17 million – 40% have no clean water
o Air here so polluted that it is equivalent to smoking 40
cigarettes/day
o 50% of the labour force is unemployed or underemployed
o 55% migration into California, New York, Florida and Texas
o IN 1997- 25% of the Californian population were born
outside USA
o 40% of Mexicans want to move to the USA. 1 in 5 would do
it illegally.

MEXICO
BR: 27/1000 per year
DR: 5/1000 per year
Healthcare: 621 per doctor
Education: 14% adult illiteracy
GNP per capita: 3,750
USA
BR: 14/1000 per year
DR: 9/1000 per year
Healthcare: 420 per doctor
Education: 1% adult illiteracy
GNP per capita: 24,750

o EFFECTS ON MEXICO
o EFFECTS IN USA
o 1990 the restraints increases by 40%
o 1996 congress increased the number of guards and asylum
rules
o Take up jobs and resources in the USA – welfare system
o Racial tension – using up their resources
o Hispanionation
o Immigrants on average pay 32% less tax
West/ea Internal o After WWI, west Germany was supported by USA and had a
st Migration powerful economy
German o Coal/steel/chemical industries, and engineering, motor cars,
y consumer goods
o Rapid growth in W.Germany attracted workers from UK and Turkey
o Eastern Germany was communist (soviet union)
o Had outdated heavy industries, low standards of living but state
housing
o No enterprise and initiative
o W.Germany grew and E.Germany declined
o E.Germany population moved due to bad living conditions
o Eastern German factories couldn’t compete and had to shut down
Dubai Population o Half the worlds cranes
growth/Migrati o $10 billion worth of projects now developed in the country now i.e
on Dubai land and hydropolis
o No income tax – lots of high rise
o 10 million unskilled/semiskilled works in gulf states
o 1/1.5 million population are migrants
o Low pay $4 a day
o PROBLEMS
o Passport may be confiscated to stop them cutting off the contract
o Exit visas must be approved by the employer
o Discrimination, violence and abuse from employers
o Poor workers conditions/12hour shifts
o Children trafficking
o Accident and suicide rates – hotlines set up to try and help workers
(compensation)
Taiwan DTM o Development investment by USA
o It was a Japanese colony and development were mostly agricultural
o 1969 and 1990 the average growth rate was 9.5%
o Stage 2 started in 1920
o High birth rate until 1960
Thailand DTM o It is a newly industrialised country
o Between 1920 and 1970 – increase in agricultural productivity
o 1970 – broadened to industry and services
o 1985 to 1995 average growth rate 7.5%
o “Asian Flu” 1960 and the growth rate began to drop
Zambia Rural-urban o Urban Population off balanced. A bulge in young male migrants and
migration low birth rates due to lack of females
o Pressure on services and pollution
o Lack of money for development
o Poor health and lack of housing = cycle of poverty
Netherl Turkish o Young male migrants
ands migrants o Cheap labour willing to do low paid jobs
o Demographic imbalance and little educational services
o Racism and hostility to migrants
o Segregation of migrants – unemployment
Mauritiu Adapting o Off coast of Madagascar
s population o 1960s – finite island, fastest growing pop 500,000 to 3 million
o Sugar crop main exporting crop
o Family planning 6 to 3 children per woman. But the pop. Continued
to grow
o Slowing pop gave breathing space
o De-rocking scheme – more land available
o Planted maize/potatoes between the sugar crops
o Industrialised – tax free zones, cheap labour (education)
Indonesi Transmigration o idea to spread population to try and relieve pressure on resource –
a ½ of the population loved on the island of Java
o $7,000 per family, land and housing
o Food rations given until family is able to fend for itself
o However 10% of the worlds rainforest is here – this is reduced by
spreading population demanding more food etc
o Swamp residents lives threatened by large developments
o Debt
o 200,00 accepted but still hasn’t made a dent in the population
problems
o Mega rice project hopes that food produced in the outer lying
regions will be enough to provide for the whole country
o Threatening local – main output Ratan but are now being forced to
sell/cut down trees to get a little bit of money out of the land
o Canals have drained the fertile land – forced to use fertilisers and
herbicides
o The land clearance is irreversible
o Water polluted by herbicides – viruses/bacteria
o Dysentery caused by chemicals in the river – no body had these
problems before.
o More than half of the transmigrants were forced to move again due
to lack of food.
China Population o Introduced in 1979 to alleviate social, economical and
control environmental problems
o Authorities claim it has prevented over 250 million births since 2000
o 75% of the population support the policy
o Beforehand was a policy names ‘one is good, two is okay and three
is too many’
o Fertility rate has fallen since it was implemented from 3 to 1.5 in
2008
o Imbalance in males and females: sex ratio = 117:100 …30 million
more men than women in 2020 (form State Population and Family
Planning Commission)
Thailand Population o 1969 – fertility rate 6.5 children each
policies o 16% used contraception
o Nationwide family planning – free contraception, trained specialists,
government
The Population o 83% catholic – contraception use low
Philippi Policies o 1999 only 47% used contraception – growth was 1.7% a year
nes o Now they are trying to adapt – green revolution, not discouraging
out migration to Singapore, Malaysia and the UK
UK Population o Medieval times- BR/DR is around 35/1000
change/ o 1348 The plagues killed 1/3 of the population
ageing o 1730 death rate increased due to cheap gin available
population o 1798 small pox vaccine – DR fell 26 10 21 in 20years
o 1833 child labour banned
o Death rate increased in 1820 due to bad conditions, housing and
sanitation.
o 1848 and 1875 public health acts
o Birth-control propaganda spread – BR fell 36 to 16 in the next 40
years
o Post war baby boom- BR increased from 18 to 20 in only 2/3 years
o Pill scare 1970
o NOW percentage of population over 5 will have doubled by 2050
o Life expectancy increasing at 65
o 1950 = 12.0
o 2001 = 19.0
o 2050 = 27.1
o But fertility will only increase 1.7 to 1.75
Ethiopia DTM Stage 1 BR: 44 DR: 12
Kenya Stage 2 BR: 38 DR: 40
China Stage 3 BR: 14 DR: 7
UK Stage 4 BR: 11 DR: 10
Iran Population o Currently has a youthful population, but an increasing growth rate
change o Urban Revolution – 67% of the population live in cities, “Urban
Women” less likely to have children
o Increase in education, couples marry later, children delayed
o 74% women use contraception in 2006 (family planning)
o Women migrate to Europe – western lifestyle + bring this culture
back to family/friends
o Fertility is now 2.0 per women: low dependency ratio and increased
rates of investment/saving
o Larger proportion of economically active people
Isle of Rural-urban o South-eastern part of the Purbeck district -Dorset
Purbeck migration o 200km3 – sea to the south and east. River Frome and Poole Harbour
o Remote rural district
o One town – Swanage
o The A351 – direct link to the Poole-Bournemouth conurbation
o Population has increased over 40 years
o 44,400 in 2001
o Population is considerably older – popularity with
retirement
o Out-migration of adults in search of economic
opportunities and lower cost housing
o 2001: birth rate = 10.1, death rate = 11.9 – natural
decrease in the population
Brazil Internal o From North-East Brazil to Sao Paulo
Migration o Pull Factors
o Economic miracle 60s and 70s – Sao Paulo had an
economic boom
o Began to develop into one of S. Americas largest industrial
city
 o Companies – Ford, Mercedes, Nestle, Pepsi moved in –
surplus of jobs
o High employment and good money
o Some jobs offered free lunch/healthcare – but in reality
jobs were scarce and hard to keep
o A lot to do with perception – most was untrue
o Even if they did not find formal job – people set up informal
companies in favelas: could be their own boss
o Ultra modern – desirable for rich Brazilians and large
companies
o Push Factors
o Drought in certain regions – difficult to grow crop and feed
family
o No access to proper health care – too far away – can’t
afford to get there
o Some river villages forced to move by electricity
companies who built hydroelectric dam. Little
compensation – often received land that was dry, infertile
too far away from the river = very poor crop yields
o Nova Cassa Nova – 10km away from river where they used
to live
(VARIOU Migration - Brain drain: doctors from UK and Germany move to USA
S) - East European workers into the UK after expansion of EU in
2004
- Mexico to USA – casual employment in farming in California
- Movement of evacuees from Montserrat – eruption in 1996
- Aid workers from EU to Sudan and Ethiopia
- Migrant labour from Pakistan and Bangladesh to oil rich states
of the Persian Gulf
- Tutsi and Hutu people from Rwanda to Congo – fear of
genocide