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About Sustainable Livelihoods in Barani Areas Project:

Objective:
Poverty reduction in the rainfed areas of the Punjab through improved livelihoods
opportunities and governance.
Sponsoring Agencies
Planning and Development Department; (P&D), Government of the Punjab, through
Agency for Barani Areas Development (ABAD), Rawalpindi.
Executing Agency
ABAD through Project Management Unit (PMU) SLBAP.
Implementing Agencies
i. Districts Governments and respective district line agencies.
ii. Area Electricity Companies (concerned)
iii. Union councils (UCs), Citizens Community Boards (CCBs), Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Community
Organizations (COs) and Women Community Organizations (WCOs).
iv. The Secretaries of the Government of the Punjab of following departments
a. Agriculture Department
b. Livestock and Dairy Development
c. Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries Department
d. Social Welfare / Community Organization Department
e. Communications & Works Department
f. Literacy & Non Formal Basic Education Department
g. Local Government & Rural Development
Immediate Objectives :
To improve socioeconomic status of poor population through better natural resources
management through improved productive, physical, and social infrastructure
identified by the elected UCs members and the civil society;
To reduce poverty of the marginal and poor population through targeted community
based initiatives and support to off-farm income generation activities
To improve the literacy and level of skills through vocational training, specially to the

unemployed especially women


To strengthen the capacity of Project management, and line agencies to implement and
support UCs, civil society, and communities in the development process.
Location of the Project
The project is under implementation in 206 predominantly barani Union Councils
(UCs) located in 18 tehsils spread over ten districts of the Punjab. The UCs
comprising of at least 75% barani area were selected for project support.
Project Approach
Contrary to sectoral approach, SLBAP focused on livelihoods approach which works
around people instead of resources. The livelihood approach is based upon
opportunities and constraints faced by poor people. It is a way of looking at how an
individual, a household, or a village community behaves under specific conditions. A
livelihood for a villager comprises the capabilities and assets and the activities for
securing sustained income and food / nutrition security.
Operation and maintenance
i. District governments through their relevant line departments for big infrastructure
schemes.
ii. Forest Department for Range management activities.
iii. Area electricity companies for electrification schemes.
iv. UCs, CCBs, CBOs, and other user groups for small scale infrastructure
interventions.
Duration of the Project
72 Months (2005-06 to 2010 -11)

Project Location:
The proposed project will be implemented in 206 predominantly barani UCs located in 18
tehsils spread over ten districts of the Punjab. The Union Councils with at least 75% area
under barani cultivation have been selected for project support. The location and number of
selected UCs is presented in Table 1.
TABLE 1:
Serial
1.
2.
3.
4.

NUMBER OF SELECTED UCS BY TEHSIL AND DISTRICT.


District
Tehsil
Rawalpindi
Kotli Sattian
Jhelum
Jhelum including Dina
Chakwal
Choa Saidan Shah
Gujrat
Sarai Alamgir

Number of UC
9
18
7
7

5.
6.
7.

Sialkot
Narowal
Khushab

8.

Mianwali

9.

Bhakkar

10.

Layyah

Total

Kharian
Pasrur
Narowal
Khushab
Noorpur
Mianwali
Isakhel
Piplan
Bhakkar
Darya Khan
Kalurkot
Mankera
Layyah
Choubara
Karor

28
23
29
19
10
12
13
9
1
2
6
6
5
2
206

Project Components:
The primary lesson learned in past and on-going project in barani areas is that, while there
are many technical interventions, which can be used to alleviate poverty and enhance the
quality of life in barani areas, the key to success is to generate ownership of interventions
by the beneficiaries themselves. To a large extent this means that the beneficiaries should
have a major role in both selecting and implementing project financed interventions, which
they themselves see as important in improving their livelihood.
A corollary of this approach is that, if beneficiaries are to be involved in selecting their
preferred interventions then it is very difficult to determine a priori, what these
interventions might be and thus to quantify exactly what activities and expenditures will be
undertaken during project implementation. On the other hand, it is possible to identify
rather closely the number and type of beneficiaries to be involved in project activities.
Based on past experience, two general types of intervention are envisaged: (i) medium
scale public sector interventions such as the provision of rural access roads, electricity,
water storage or conveyance structures, range improvement, erosion control, social
forestry, and the provision of social infrastructure and (ii) fairly small scale but intensive
activities which can be undertaken by small community groups, such as livestock health
improvement, the promotion of improved agricultural practices, the provision of dug wells,
on-farm water management and conservation activities and training program in literacy or
non-farm livelihood activities.
Under current circumstances in Punjab province it is most appropriate for the former type
of investment to be identified at the village and UC level and implemented by the District
Governments and govt. of Punjab and for the latter type to be identified and implemented
within communities with the assistance of a qualified and experienced RSP. The proposed
Project will thus consist of two main components; a UC Development Component (UCDC)
designed to identify and implement demand driven medium scale interventions and a
Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) designed to scale-up on-going poverty targeted
activities currently being undertaken by the Rural Support Programmes (RSPs) to a greater
or lesser degree within barani communities of the project area. These two main
components will be supplemented by support components aimed at assisting over all
project management, providing technical support to the UCs in project identification,
proposal preparation and monitoring: enhancing the capacity of the district line agencies to
assist with project implementation, and literacy eradication. The project components thus

will be as follows:
1

Union Council Development (UCD)

Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA)

Subcomponent 1.1: Small-scale infrastructure and other

Subcomponent 1.2: Directed agricultural research

Subcomponent 1.3: Off-farm income generation

Literacy Through Skills Training (LTST)

Support to District Line Agencies

Institutional and Implementation Support

Union Council Development Component (UCDC):


The component UCDC is designed to provide financing for medium-scale infrastructure and
other interventions, which will help to stimulate livelihood improvement in the barani
areas. These will normally consist of medium scale rural infrastructure investments such as
jeep able tracks or upgraded feeder roads, markets and market improvement power line
connections, water conveyance or storages schemes, community groundwater
development, erosion control or social forestry measures, shelterbelts, domestic water
supply schemes, or any other feasible civil works or natural resources management
intervention considered to be of high priority by the local population at the village and
union council level.
Each UC within the project area will be provided with an allocation from the project for the
UCDC(The allocation will be based on available funds and the poverty ranking of the
distinct concerned at the ratio 2:3 (Rs. 6:9 Million approximately). The ranking would be as
under (A, Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujrat) B. The remaining district). The
fund will be used to finance development activities identified by the villages within the UC
and prioritized and requested by elected UCs which represent the population of the area's
villages and hamlets. Villages within each UC will be made aware of a range of
interventions from which they may choose in order to prepare proposal for submission to
the UC for approval. Proposals selected by the UCs will then be submitted to the District
Development Committee (DDC) for technical verification by the concerned line agencies
and then referred back again to the DDC for approval.
Each proposal will include details on the contribution to be provided by the village
beneficiaries themselves as well as their proposed contribution to subsequent operation
and maintenance of the completed facilities. (The beneficiaries will contribute a minimum
of 20% of the cost, mostly in kind in the form of labor, or cash.) Proposals will be
evaluated on the basis of criteria that exhibit ownership and commitment among potential
beneficiaries. One important aspect will be the degree of contribution (either in Kind, labor
or cash) to be expected from the villagers themselves, another will be the degree of
poverty targeting inherent in the UC proposal. The project will finance up to 80% of the
cost of each intervention. The remaining will be provided through the contributions of the
beneficiaries, of which five percent will be in the form of cash contributions.
Assistance in assessing development potentials within the UC area, identifying priority
poverty targets and preparing requests and submission will be provided by a national or
provincial level RSP, NGO, or a local consulting company recruited by the Project. Staff of

the RSP, NGO or local company will act in an advisory capacity at both the district and the
UC level to assist in the implementation of the component. The role of the these advisors
will be, firstly to help the District Administration and the Ucs administration to understand
the Project concept, secondly, to assist in the preparation and evaluation of the proposals,
and, thirdly to assist in implementation supervision of project interventions.
Implementation will be undertaken under the district technical line agency staff. The staff
and their offices will be provided technical and logistic support under the Project as
appropriate, for the interventions being undertaken. Agencies to be supported will include
the district departments of agriculture, livestock, and dairy development communications
and works (C&W), forestry, Community development and soil conservation. Some
interventions such as rural electrification and range management improvement will entail
non-devolved functions. For these relevant provincial or national agency will be retained by
the district Govt. to under take implementation.

Targeted Poverty Alleviation Component (TPAC):


This component will mainly support interventions and activities that will increase the
household income through supporting community based and or group small-scale
infrastructure and other interventions, increase in crop and livestock productivity, and
increasing off farm income.
Subcomponent 1.1: Small-scale infrastructure and other interventions
In most of the Project districts, National Rural Support Programme (NRSP)( NRSP is on
ground in Rawalpindi, Jehlum, Khushab, Mianwali, Bhakkar, and Chakwal districts, while
PRSP has presence in Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal, and Layyah districts) or Punjab Rural
Support programme (PRSP) is already operating on a greater or lesser scale, undertaking
livelihood activities which directly target the poorer sections of the population. Not only do
these RSPs already know the conditions and potentials of the project districts but they also
have established programs and contacts in many of the barani areas. The most efficient
and effective means of attacking poverty at the community level will thus be to provide the
RSPs with the resources needed to scale up their activities. These activities will consist of
small-scale poverty alleviation interventions targeted directly at small beneficiary groups of
between 15 and 50 participants. These will include both Men's Community Organizations
(MCOs) and Women's Community Organizations (WCOs). Activities will be demand based
and will include such small scale livelihood activities as the provision of dug-wells, water
course lining, the provision of livestock for multiplication, the provision of basic schools
house along with literacy and skills training classes, and the minor water resource
conservation and irrigation infrastructure on a localized basis. Beneficiary participants will
need to provide contributions in cash or in kind to varying degrees based on the policies of
the implementing agencies involved (For example, for minor rural infrastructure this will be
on a standard 80:20 sharing basis but for livestock vaccination it will be on the basis of a
50 percent subsidy on cost). Schemes and investments will be selected to ensure that the
benefits are experienced by as wide a cross section of the groups as possible and to avoid
the concentration of benefits by privileged groups or individuals. The objectives of the
scaling up in each district will be formalized in an agreement between the relevant RSP and
ABAD prior to activities beginning in the field in order to have measurable indicators of
implementation and success. Training will be an integral part of this component prior to the
disbursement of funds to potential beneficiaries.
Subcomponent 1.2: Directed agricultural research
Improvements to the characteristics of barani crops such as a shorter growing season,
drought resistance or insect resistance could result in major benefits for much of the area's
population. Thus, this component will also include a provision for directed, demand-driven
agriculture research based on problems identified by community groups and also improved

seed multiplication by selected farmers within community groups. ABAD will directly
implement the agriculture research component. A mechanism for targeting agricultural
research to the needs of communities is out lined at Appendix B.
Subcomponent 1.3: Off-farm income generation
Improvements to off farm income in employment and small and micro business can also
result in major benefits to the population of Barani Areas. Under this component, the
project will provide funding and consultancy to the two RSP's working in project area to
change the current focus on vocational training to a demand based employer linked effort
in partnership with the government vocational training agency Technical Education and
Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) and other vocational training providers with whom
the RSP's already are in partnership. The project will assist RSP's to develop entrepreneur
attitudes and small business management training linking the RSP's to the internationally
known programs. In trades where self-employment and small business is possible
vocational training will be linked to entrepreneurship training, small business training and
micro finance as well as follow up business development services.

Literacy Through Skills Training (LTST):


One of the primary constraints to development in the project area is the very low literacy
rate, especially among women. With low, indeed practically non-existent literacy and
numeracy skills it is very difficult for women to learn new livelihood skills. On the other
hand, in a very traditional society it is difficult to promote literacy programs without some
kind of incentive over and above literacy itself. Combining programs in skills training and
literacy has been identified as one means of both overcoming literacy and promoting
livelihood improvements. This is especially the case if skills training can be itself linked to
rural finance programs so that the skills can be turned into investments. This component
will thus aim at direct poverty alleviation by targeting a particularly deprived section of the
population, poor women and girls. It will be based on the results of the ADB-financed
Technical Assistance for Literacy, Skills Training and Non-formal Education (LSTNETA).
This TA is due to be approved in late 2004 and is designed to support a program of
curriculum development for women's literacy training through the promotion of livelihood
skills, as well as non-formal education. It will also provide teacher training in the use of the
curriculum materials
The activities will be aimed directly at small groups of between 10 and 15 women
participants. Under the supervision of the RSP staff working at each UC, local NGOs will be
recruited to identify particularly vulnerable and poverty-affected groups and to organize
Women's Community Organizations (WCOs) among them.. As groups are formed the
methodologies worked out under the LSTNETA will be applied to a combined program of
skills development and literacy eradication. Skills to be emphasized will include such
activities as small-scale domestic livelihood enterprises such as livestock raising, market
and kitchen gardening, small scale handicrafts, food preparation and tailoring as well as
basic skill such as household health and sanitation, child care, dietary improvement and
food preservation and basic household finances. The particular skills to be learned will be
decided upon by the groups themselves. Support for group formation and supervision will
be financed by the project.
One of the roles of the RSP will be to provide linkages to government agencies, which
provide advice and undertake programs in the areas of skill development selected by the
group members. Another will be to establish links to rural finance agencies, which may be
able to provide funding for enterprise development. If suitable, the WCO's will be turned
into borrowers' groups for financing provision by rural finance agencies. This possibility
may prove an incentive for group formation in the first place and also a very real incentive

for literacy promotion.

Support to District Line Agencies:


To assist the district line agencies to implement the UCDC and the work with the RSP,s
under the targeted poverty alleviation component, provision has been made for support, as
required for the district level line agencies. The support to be provided will be determined
during the evaluation of proposals from the UCDC by the DDC. As the line agencies assess
the feasibility of the UC proposals they will also assess their own needs in order to
implement the works involved and make proposals to the DDC. This support may include
incremental staff on contract, equipment, transport or training. The support should not
exceed the limit of 7% of the Project cost (if the cost of the project is Rs.0.1 million the
support would be Rs.0.007 million).

Institutional and Implementation Support:


Institutional and implementation support will include
(i) International and domestic consulting services to help initiate and manage the project,
train the contracted staff of the UCDC, train the staff of district line agencies and support
the staff of the Agency for Barani Area Development (ABAD);
(ii) Support including transport, office space and equipment as well as incremental staff
for a small management unit within the offices of ABAD; and
(iii) Support to ABAD for project benefit monitoring and evaluation.

Project Management Unit


Syed Imtiaz Hussain Shah
Project Director
Ejaz Ahmed Gondal
Deputy Project Director
Nusrat Tufail Gill
Special Environmental Officer II
Muhammad Imran Hassan
Social Impact Officer (Gender)
Chaudhary Ghazanfar
Special Environmental Officer -III
Mr. Sadaf Iqbal
Special Environmental Officer
Social Impact Officer -I (Vacant)
Muhammad Nasir
Project Benefit Monitoring Officer

Mr. Nusrat Tufail Gill (Acting)


Budget & Accounts Officer
Muhammad Arslan Ahmed
System/Network Administrator (IT)

District Offices
Arshad Waraich
District Project Manager Sialkot
Muhammad Saghir
District Project Manager Narowal
Mohammad Rehan Nabi
District Project Manager Gujrat
Dr. Tahir Ismail
District Project Manager Jhelum
Abdul Ahad Malik
District Project Manager Mianwali
Naseer Abbas
District Project Manager Bhakkar

Consultants:
Richard Bond
International Project management Specialist (IPMS)
Ejaz Ahmad
National Consultant Community Development NC(CD)

Consultant Firms:

Adult Basic Education Society (ABES)

Socio Engineering Company (SEC)

Landell Mills Limited

Literacy Through Skills Training (LTST):


One of the primary constraints to development in the project area is the very low literacy
rate, especially among women. With low, indeed practically non-existent literacy and
numeracy skills it is very difficult for women to learn new livelihood skills. On the other
hand, in a very traditional society it is difficult to promote literacy programs without some
kind of incentive over and above literacy itself. Combining programs in skills training and
literacy has been identified as one means of both overcoming literacy and promoting
livelihood improvements. This is especially the case if skills training can be itself linked to
rural finance programs so that the skills can be turned into investments. This component
will thus aim at direct poverty alleviation by targeting a particularly deprived section of the
population, poor women and girls. It will be based on the results of the ADB-financed
Technical Assistance for Literacy, Skills Training and Non-formal Education (LSTNETA).
This TA is due to be approved in late 2004 and is designed to support a program of

curriculum development for women's literacy training through the promotion of livelihood
skills, as well as non-formal education. It will also provide teacher training in the use of
the curriculum materials
The activities will be aimed directly at small groups of between 10 and 15 women
participants. Under the supervision of the RSP staff working at each UC, local NGOs will be
recruited to identify particularly vulnerable and poverty-affected groups and to organize
Women's Community Organizations (WCOs) among them.. As groups are formed the
methodologies worked out under the LSTNETA will be applied to a combined program of
skills development and literacy eradication. Skills to be emphasized will include such
activities as small-scale domestic livelihood enterprises such as livestock raising, market
and kitchen gardening, small scale handicrafts, food preparation and tailoring as well as
basic skill such as household health and sanitation, child care, dietary improvement and
food preservation and basic household finances. The particular skills to be learned will be
decided upon by the groups themselves. Support for group formation and supervision will
be financed by the project.
One of the roles of the RSP will be to provide linkages to government agencies, which
provide advice and undertake programs in the areas of skill development selected by the
group members. Another will be to establish links to rural finance agencies, which may be
able to provide funding for enterprise development. If suitable, the WCO's will be turned
into borrowers' groups for financing provision by rural finance agencies. This possibility
may prove an incentive for group formation in the first place and also a very real incentive
for literacy promotion.

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