Abstract:

The early days of home Internet

access required using a modem connected to a
computer to dial a number and maintain a
connection. It was cumbersome and slow. The
faster modems became, the more people

XOH
realized how painfully sluggish data
transmission had been in the days of 300 baud.
Eventually, home users who could afford a
jump in price could get Broadband access via
digital subscriber lines (DSL), cable and

M
satellite.

Technology changes from day-to-day;

this is also happening in case of networking.
So many breakthroughs in the realm of science
forced the way of networking from wired to
4G BROAD BAND wireless, which is very inexpensive and
efficient.
A new technology that provides dynamic
Contents: connectivity to a network through wireless
which is called as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity),
1. Introduction works on the principle of Radio transmission,
but Wi-Fi is accessible only to a limited area,
2. About Wi-Fi
In this paper we are going to present about a
3. Need for WiMax technology which breaks the problems like
limited area connectivity and also ECO
3.1. WiMax transmission
Friendly, this can be possible with the help of
3.2. Implementation WiMax(Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access), which supports the
3.2.1. non-line-of-sight service
concept of Internet everywhere.

3.2.2. line-of-sight service

However people are connected by

4. WiMax Scenario opening up the Internet to create a more

spontaneous and empowering broadband
5. XOHM experience.

6. References 1. Introduction :
 If we have been in an airport, coffee
shop, library or hotel recently, chances that we
been right in the middle of a wireless network.
Many people also use wireless networking,
also called Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking. In the
near future, wireless networking may become
so widespread that you can access the Internet
just about anywhere at any time, without using
wires, wireless networks are easy to set up and
inexpensive.
Wireless network uses radio waves, just
like cell phones, televisions and radios do. In
fact, communication across a wireless network
is a lot like two-way radio communication.
1. A computer's wireless adapter
translates data into a radio signal and
transmits it using an antenna.
2. A wireless router receives the signal
and decodes it. It sends the
information to the Internet using a
physical, wired Ethernet connection.
The process also works in reverse, with
the router receiving information from the
Internet, translating it into a radio signal and
sending it to the computer's wireless adapter.
Think about how you access the
Internet today. There are basically three
different options:
• Broadband access - In your home,
you have either a DSL or cable
modem. At the office, your company
may be using a T1 or a T3 line.
• Wi-Fi access - In your home, you
may have set up a Wi-Fi router that
lets you surf the Web while you
lounge with your laptop. On the road,
you can find Wi-Fi hot spots in
restaurants, hotels, coffee shops and
libraries.
• Dial-up access - If you are still using
dial-up, chances are that either
broadband access is not available, or
nyou think that broadband access is
too expensive.
The main problems with broadband access are
that it is pretty expensive and it doesn't reach
all areas. The main problem with Wi-Fi access
is that hot spots are very small, so coverage is
sparse. What if there was a new technology
that solved all of these problems? This new
technology would provide:
• The high speed of broadband service
• Wireless rather than wired access, so
it would be a lot less expensive than
cable or DSL and much easier to
extend to suburban and rural areas
• Broad coverage like the cell phone
network instead of small Wi-Fi
hotspots
In this article, we'll look at the technology that
allows information to travel over the air. We'll
also review what it takes to create a wireless
network in your home.
2
2.About Wi-Fi: higher frequency allows the signal to
carry more data.
Wi-Fi has a lot of advantages, Wi-Fi  They use 802.11 networking
means “Wireless Fidelity” can also be referred standards, which come in several
as Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking. The 802.11 flavors:
designation comes from the Institute of  802.11a transmits at 5GHz
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). and can move up to 54
The IEEE sets standards for a range of megabits of data per second.
technological protocols, and it uses a It also uses orthogonal
numbering system to classify these standards. frequency-division
multiplexing

(OFDM), a more efficient

coding technique that splits
that radio signals into several
sub-signals before they reach
a receiver. This greatly
reduces interference.

 802.11b is the slowest and

least expensive standard. For
a while, its cost made it
One wireless router can allow multiple
popular, but now it's
devices to connect to the Internet.
becoming less common as
faster standards become less
It works on the principle of radio
expensive. 802.11b transmits
transmission. The radios used for Wi-Fi
in the 2.4 GHz frequency
communication are very similar to the radios
band of the radio spectrum.
used for walkie-talkies, cell phones and other
It can handle up to 11
devices. They can transmit and receive radio
megabits of data per second,
waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s into
and it uses complimentary
radio waves and convert the radio waves back
code keying (CCK) coding.
into 1s and 0s. But Wi-Fi radios have a few
 802.11g transmits at 2.4
notable differences from other radios.
GHz like 802.11b, but it's a
lot faster -- it can handle up
 They transmit at frequencies of 2.4
to 54 megabits of data per
GHz or 5GHz. This frequency is
second. 802.11g is faster
considerably higher than the
because it uses the same
frequencies used for cell phones,
OFDM coding as 802.11a.
walkie-talkies and televisions. The

3
  802.11n is the newest WiMAX has the potential to do to
standard that is widely broadband Internet access what cell phones
available. This standard have done to phone access. In the same way
significantly improves speed that many people have given up their "land
and range. For instance, lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could
although 802.11g replace cable and DSL services, providing
theoretically moves 54 universal Internet access just about anywhere
megabits of data per second, you go. WiMAX will also be as painless as
it only achieves real-world Wi-Fi -- turning your computer on will
speeds of about 24 megabits automatically connect you to the closest
of data per second because available WiMAX antenna.
of network congestion.
3.1 WiMax Transmission (3G):
802.11n, however,
reportedly can achieve
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
speeds as high as 140
megabits per second. 1. A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to
a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower
Wi-Fi radios can transmit on any of
can provide coverage to a very large area -- as
three frequency bands. Or, they can "frequency
big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).
hop" rapidly between the different bands.
Frequency hopping helps reduce interference
and lets multiple devices use the same wireless
connection simultaneously. Wi-Fi transmission
is limited up to certain distance, suppose we
have to construct a wireless network through a
longer distance, which is not possible with
this, so there is a need for another technology.

3. Need for WiMax: WiMax Tower

WiMAX outdistances Wi-Fi by miles, 2. A WiMAX receiver - The receiver

WiMAX is short for Worldwide and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA
Interoperability for Microwave Access, and card, or they could be built into a laptop the
it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16, way Wi-Fi access is today.
WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX
transmitting station, probably using encrypted
data keys to prevent unauthorized users from
stealing access this is the main advantage. In
this way network security is also embedded.

4
 Wi-Fi-style access will be limited to a
4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or
65 square km of coverage, which is similar in
range to a cell-phone zone). Through the
stronger line-of-sight antennas, the WiMAX
transmitting station would send data to
WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up
within the transmitter's 30-mile radius (2,800
square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage).
This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its
A WiMAX tower station can connect
maximum range.
directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth,
wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It
can also connect to another WiMAX tower
using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This
connection to a second tower (often referred to
as a backhaul), along with the ability of a
single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles,
is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to
remote rural areas.

WiMax provides two types of wireless

services

Way of transmission:
3.2.1 Non-line-of-sight service:
The propagation path of a signal
A small antenna on your computer
includes the direct wave, a reflected wave, a
connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX
surface wave
uses a lower frequency range of 2 GHz to 11
GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength
transmissions are not as easily disrupted by
physical obstructions they are better able to
diffract, or bend, around obstacles.

3.2 Implementation: 3.2.2 Line-of-sight service:

5
 A fixed dish antenna points straight at provider a monthly fee. The cost for this
the WiMAX tower from a rooftop. The line-of- service could be much lower than current high-
sight Connection is stronger and more stable, speed Internet-subscription fees because the
so it's able to send a lot of data. This provider never had to run cables.
transmission uses higher frequencies, with
ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher
frequencies, there is less interference and lots
more bandwidth.

The fastest Wi-Fi connection can

transmit up to 54 Mbps under optimal
conditions. WiMAX should be able to handle
The WiMAX protocol is designed to
up to 70 Mbps. Even once those 70Mb is split
accommodate several different methods of
up between several dozen businesses or a few
data transmission, one of which is Voice Over
hundred home users, it will provide at least the
Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP allows people
equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to
to make local, long-distance and even
each user.
international calls through a broadband
Internet connection, bypassing phone
IEEE 802.16 Specifications:
companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible

• Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from computers become very common, the use of

base station VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost

• Speed - 70 megabits per second anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls.

• Line-of-sight not needed between

user and base station
• Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and
10 to 66 GHz
4. WiMax Scenario:
Internet service provider sets up a
WiMAX base station 10 miles from our home.
we would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or
upgrade our old computer to add WiMAX
capability. we would receive a special
encryption code that would give you access to
the base station. The base station would beam
data from the Internet to our computer (at
speeds potentially higher than today's cable
modems), for which we would pay the
5. XOHM (4G Technology):
XOHM is coming – providing next-
generation mobile broadband across your city.
With XOHM, you no longer need to find a
hotspot for a broadband internet experience –
the hotspot comes with you. There are no
compromises here – even if it’s streaming
fullscreen video. And with XOHM, you have
one account and it’s always available. No
long-term contracts – you can pay by the day,
the month or the year.

6
 Next Generation Internet:

Get ready to experience how

spontaneous the internet can be. With XOHM
mobile broadband, you’ll be able to:

 Stream movies

 Watch a video

 Download music

XOHM won’t just connect WiMAX-

enabled products to the internet it’ll allow
them to connect across the network to each
other. We expect this to open exciting new
experiences beyond just getting online with the
potential to change how we communicate,
enjoy, and achieve - for example:

• Health: a mobile health monitor

could track and transmit a user’s
vitals and alert a hospital or caregiver
in case of an emergency.
• Sports: a runner’s performance could
be monitored by WiMAX-enabled
chips built into her shoes to be shared  Share photos
with coaches, peers or spectators.
• Home Entertainment: While you’re  Play games
out of town, your WiMAX-enabled
DVR could send a reminder to your  Instant Message
phone that your favorite TV show is
about to start - command it to record  E-mail
the show to watch later via your
WiMAX-enabled portable video  Surf the web
player.
Or whatever you want - around your home,
Broadband Speed:
office or on the go, wherever there’s XOHM

XOHM's WiMAX network allows coverage - all on the same connection

you to experience mobile internet at broadband

speeds. XOHM will let you enjoy the most
bandwidth-intensive applications like games,
streaming movies, sharing photos and video,
music and other entertainment, even on the go.
Plug and Play:
Getting started with XOHM is a snap:
no wires means no service calls, drilling, or
digging – just plug and play.

7
Compendium:

It is to be concluded that among all

communication interfaces wireless is better
one, in that going to WiMax is the better
solution in all aspects, now some of the
companies are trying to establish their
networks using this technology.

References:

Book: Shouldering the Weight of WiMax

http://www.networkdictionary.com

http://www.howstuffworks.com

http://ieee802.org/16/pub/backgrounder.html

http://www.xohm.com/about-overview.html

http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/index
.html