Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Name: Mohanad Yousef Al-Tahrawi.

Experiment: Double acting reciprocating pump.
Instructure: Dr. Khaled Rababaah.
Date: 28/10/2015

1- Objective
1- To calculate the volumetric efficiency.
2- To calculate the overall efficiency.

2- Introduction
A piston pump can be based on a single piston or, more likely, multiple
parallel pistons. The pistons are reciprocated using cams or crankshafts. The stroke
is generally adjustable. This type of pump can deliver heads of up to 1000 bar. The
largest sizes of piston pumps can deliver flows of 40m3 /hr. In practice these pumps
are more likely to be used for metering low flow rate fluids at more modest pressures
in laboratories and chemical process plants. Piston pumps are not generally suitable
for transferring toxic or explosive media.
There are two types of piston pump:
a) Single acting reciprocating pump
b) Double acting reciprocating pump

* Single Acting Reciprocating pump:

FIGURE 1 Single Acting Reciprocating pump

Figure 1 is a typical layout of single-acting piston pump. The power end,

which consists of the crankshaft, connecting rod(s), crosshead(s) and other
components, is to the right. The liquid end, including the suction and discharge
manifolds, piston(s) and cylinder(s), suction and discharge check valves and the fluid
chamber, is to the left.

-2-

* Double Acting Reciprocating Pump:

FIGURE 2 Double Acting Reciprocating pump

A more complex design, known as the double-acting pump, allows the piston
to discharge fluid during both its forward and back stroke, resulting in almost twice
the flow per cycle.
Figure 2 is a typical layout of a plunger pump. The power end is similar to the
one seen in Figure 1 but there are two distinct differences in the liquid end. The piston
is replaced with a plunger that is sealed by stationary sealing rings (A). Also, there is
no cylinder-just a fluid chamber between the check valves. Plunger pumps operate on
the principle that a solid will displace a volume of liquid equal to its own volume.
Instead of forcing the liquid out of a cylinder via a piston, the plunger enters the fluid
chamber and displaces an amount of liquid equal to the plunger volume entering the
chamber.

3- Theory

<

V For all cylinder = number of cylinder *A * L

Shaft power (S.P) = 2 * * N * T

=

-3-

Water Power (W.P) =

=

4- Data:
D = 0.04 m
L = 0.042 m
= 9810/3 = 1000/3

N motor

N Pump
4
8
12
16

V (lit)
1
2
3
4

t sec
3
3
5
5

T (N.m)
38
18
18
15

Ps (bar)
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.65

Pd (bar)

-0.1
-0.17
-0.27
-0.45

0.01
0.05
0.2
0.4

5- Result:
N motor
4
8
12
16

T (N.m)
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.65

N Pump
1
2
3
4

Ps (bar)
-0.1
-0.17
-0.27
-0.45

V (lit)
3
3
5
5

Pd (bar)
0.01
0.05
0.2
0.4

T ( sec)
38
18
18
15

Hm
1.12
2.243
4.791
8.66

Qact

Qth

7.89
0.0167
0.0278
0.0333

0.000105558
0.000211115
0.000316673
0.00042223

W.P
0.87
3.67
13.1
28.33

Volumetric eff.
0.748
0.79
0.877
0.7895

S.P
1.257
3.77
9.42
16.33

Efficiency
0.691
0.9726
1.3852
1.7343

-4-

4.00E-04
3.50E-04
3.00E-04

Q act

2.50E-04
2.00E-04
1.50E-04
1.00E-04
5.00E-05
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 5.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.50E-04 2.00E-04 2.50E-04 3.00E-04 3.50E-04 4.00E-04 4.50E-04
Q th

Slope = volumetric efficiency = 0.8282

rev of pump per sec

5
4
3
2
1

0
0.00E+00

1.00E-04

2.00E-04

3.00E-04

4.00E-04

5.00E-04

Q act

-5-

40
35

30

y = 1.8387x - 2.6714
R = 0.9883

W.P

25
20
15
10
5
0
0

S.P
10

12

14

16

18

20

Slope = 1.8 = overall efficiency

rev of pump per sec

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Efficency

3.5
Hundreds

4.5
y = 11270x + 0.0862
R = 0.9853

revof pump per sec

4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5

1
0.5
0
0.00E+00

5.00E-05

1.00E-04

1.50E-04

2.00E-04

2.50E-04

3.00E-04

3.50E-04

Q act

-6-

6- conclusion:
Volumetric efficiency in a hydraulic pump refers to the percentage of actual fluid flow
out of the pump compared to the flow out of the pump without leakage. In other words,
if the flow out of a 100cc pump is 92cc (per revolution), then the volumetric efficiency
is 92%. The volumetric efficiency will change with the pressure and speed a pump is
operated at, therefore when comparing volumetric efficiencies.
Hydraulic loss relates to the construction of the pump or fan, and is caused by the
friction between the fluid and the walls, acceleration and retardation of the fluid and
the change of the fluid flow direction.
The overall efficiency is the ratio of power actually gained by the fluid to the shaft
power supplied.
The losses in the pump or fan converts to heat transferred to the fluid and the
surroundings. As a rule of thumb the temperature increase in a fan transporting air is
approximately 1 oC.

-7-