Lic MCQ

1.
Determine the output from the following circuit
a) 180o in phase with input signal

b) 180o out of phase with input signal
c) Same as that of input signal
d) Output signal cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The input signal is given to the inverting input terminal. Therefore, the output Vo is
180o out of phase with input signal V2.
2. Which of the following electrical characteristics is not exhibited by an ideal op-amp?
a) Infinite voltage gain
b) Infinite bandwidth
c) Infinite output resistance
d) Infinite slew rate
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An ideal op-amp exhibits zero output resistance so that output can drive an infinite
number of other devices.
3. An ideal op-amp requires infinite bandwidth because
a) Signals can be amplified without attenuation
b) Output common-mode noise voltage is zero
c) Output voltage occurs simultaneously with input voltage changes
d) Output can drive infinite number of device
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An ideal op-amp has infinite bandwidth. Therefore, any frequency signal from 0 to
Hz can be amplified without attenuation.
4. Ideal op-amp has infinite voltage gain because
a) To control the output voltage
b) To obtain finite output voltage
c) To receive zero noise output voltage
d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As the voltage gain is infinite, the voltage between the inverting and non-inverting
terminal (i.e. differential input voltage) is essentially zero for finite output voltage.
5. Determine the output voltage from the following circuit diagram?
a)
b)
c)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an ideal op-amp when the inverting terminal is zero. The output will be in-phase
with the input signal.
6. Find the output voltage of an ideal op-amp. If V1 and V2 are the two input voltages
a) VO= V1-V2
b) VO= A(V1-V2)
c) VO= A(V1+V2)
d) VO= V1V2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output voltage of an ideal op-amp is the product of gain and algebraic
difference between the two input voltages.
7. How will be the output voltage obtained for an ideal op-amp?
a) Amplifies the difference between the two input voltages
b) Amplifies individual voltages input voltages
c) Amplifies products of two input voltage

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Op-amp amplifies the difference between two input voltages and the polarity of the
output voltage depends on the polarity of the difference voltage.
8. 9. Which is not the ideal characteristic of an op-amp?
a) Input Resistance > 0
b) Output impedance > 0
c) Bandwidth >
d) Open loop voltage gain >
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Input resistance is infinite so almost any signal source can drive it and there is no
loading of the preceding stage.
11. Find the input voltage of an ideal op-amp. Its one of the inputs and output voltages are 2v
and 12v. (Gain=3)
a) 8v
b) 4v
c) -4v
d) -2v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output voltage, VO = (Vin1- Vin2)
=> 12v=3(2- Vin2)
=> Vin2= -2v.
12. Which factor determine the output voltage of an op-amp?
a) Positive saturation
b) Negative saturation
c) Both positive and negative saturation voltage
d) Supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Output voltage is proportional to input voltage only until it reaches the saturation
voltage. The output cannot exceed the positive and negative saturation voltage. These saturation
voltages are specified by an output voltage swing rating of the op-amp for given values of supply
voltage.
Depending on the value of input and reference voltage a comparator can be named as
a) Voltage follower
b) Digital to analog converter

c) Schmitt trigger
d) Voltage level detector
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A comparator is some time called as voltage level detector because, for a desired
value of reference voltage, the voltage level of the input can be detected.
2. Why clamp diodes are used in comparator?
a) To reduce output offset voltage
b) To increase gain of op-amp
c) To reduce input offset current
d) To protect op-amp from damage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The diodes protect the op-amp from damage due to excessive input voltage.
Because of these diodes the difference input voltage of the op-amp is clamped to 0.7v or -0.7 v,
hence these diodes are clamp diodes.
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3. Find the non-inverting comparator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a non-inverting comparator a fixed reference voltage Vref of 1v is applied to
positive inverting input terminal and the other time vary in signal voltage is applied to noninverting input terminal of the op-amp.
4. How the op-amp comparator should be choosen to get higher speed of operation?
a) Large gain
b) High slew rate
c) Wider bandwidth
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bandwidth of the op-amp comparator must be wider so that the output of
comparator can switch rapidly between saturation levels. Also, the op-amp responds instantly to
any change in condition at the input.
5. How to obtain high rate of accuracy in comparator?
a) All of the mentioned
b) High voltage gain
c) High CMRR
d) Input offset
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: High voltage gain causes comparator output voltage to switch between saturation
levels. High CMRR rejects noise at input terminal and input offset (voltage & current) help to
keep changes in temperature variation very slight.
6. How to keep the output voltage swing of the op-amp comparator within specific limits?
a) External resistors or diodes are used
b) External zeners or diodes are used
c) External capacitors or diodes are used
d) External inductors or diodes are used
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To keep the output voltage swing within specific limit, op-amps are used with
external wired components such as zeners or diodes. In the resulting circuit, the outputs are
limited to predetermined values.
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7. Zero crossing detectors is also called as
a) Square to sine wave generator
b) Sine to square wave generator
c) Sine to triangular wave generator
d) All of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In zero crossing detectors, the output waveform is always a square wave for the
applied sinusoidal input signal.
8. What is the drawback in zero crossing detectors?
a) Low frequency signal and noise at output terminal
b) High frequency signal and noise at input terminal
c) Low frequency signal and noise at input terminal
d) High frequency signal and noise at output terminal
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to low frequency signal, the output voltage may not switch quickly from one
saturation voltage to other. The presence of noise can fluctuate the output between two saturation
voltages.
9. State a method to overcome the drawback of zero crossing detectors?
a) Increasing input voltage
b) Use of positive feedback
c) Connect a compensating network
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The drawback of zero crossing detectors can be in cured with the use of
regenerative or positive feedback that causes the output to change faster and eliminate any false
output transition due to noise signals at the input.
10. Name the comparator that helps to find unknown input.
a) Time marker generator
b) Zero crossing detectors
c) Phase meter
d) Window detector
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Sometimes it is necessary to find the instant at which an unknown input is between
two threshold levels. This can be achieved by a circuit called window detector.
11. Find the instance at which the input can be fed to the op-amp in a three level comparator with
LED indicator.
a) When Green LED glow

b) When Yellow LED glow
c) When Red LED glow
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The input can be fed to the op-amp when the green LED glows, which is considered
to be safe input that is when the input voltage is between 3v and 6v.
12. Find the output voltage at the point V2 from the given circuit.
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output of the zero crossing detector is differentiated by an RC circuit (RC>>1).
So, the voltage at V2 is a series of positive and negative pulses.
13. Mention the application areas of time marker generator can be used
a) Monoshots
b) SCR
c) Sweep voltage of CRT
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A diode connected at the output of time marker generator circuit converts the
sinusoidal signal into a train of positive pulses. So, these pulses are used in triggering the
monoshot, SCR, sweep voltage of CRT, etc.
14. Which among the following is used to increase phase angle between different voltages?
a) Phase detector
b) Window detector
c) Zero crossing detector
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Phase angle between different voltages can be measured using phase detector
circuit. The corresponding voltage to be measured is converted into spikes and the time interval
between the pulse spikes is measured, which is proportional to the phase difference.
15. For the comparator shown below, determine the transfer curves if an ideal op-amp with VZ1=
VZ2=9v.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The open loop voltage gain of an ideal op-amp AOl=, even a small positive or
negative voltage at the input drives the output to Vsat. So, the output voltage VO = ( V2 +Vsat)
Therefore, VO = (VZ+VSat) = (9+0.7) = 9.7 v.
Find the input and output resistance for the circuit shown.
Specification for 741 op-amp : A=400000 ; Ri = 33M; Ro = 60;
RF = 11k; R1 = 2k; Supply voltage = 15v; Maximum output voltage swing = 13v.
a) RIF = 66M, ROF = 30

b) RIF = 30M, ROF = 6k
c) RIF = 15k, ROF = 50M
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: AF = 1+(RF/R1) = 1+(11k/2k) = 6.5;
B= 1/ AF = 1/6.5 = 0.154;
Input resistance of RIF = R1(1+AB) = 33M[1+(6.5*0.154) ]= 66M;
Output resistance of ROF = Ro/(1+AB) = 60/[1+(6.5*0.154) ]= 29.98 30.
2. The output resistance of the op-amp with feedback is
a) Same as that of the output resistance without feedback
b) Greater than that of the output resistance without feedback
c) Smaller than that of the output resistance without feedback
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In voltage series feedback amplifier, the output resistance is (1/(1+AB)) times the
output resistance of the op-amp. Therefore, the output resistance of the op-amp with feedback is
much smaller than the output resistance without feedback.
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3. Find the output current in the voltage series feedback amplifier.
a) io ={ [Vo+(A*Vid)]/Ro}
b) io ={ [Vo-(A*Vid)]/Ro}
c) io =(Vo/Ro)*A
d) io =[A*(Vo-Vid)]/Ro
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output current in voltage series feedback amplifier is given as io ={[Vo(A*Vid)]/Ro}.
4. Find the unity gain bandwidth for voltage series feedback amplifier?
a) UBG = Afo
b) UBG = AfF
c) UBG = Afo fF
d) UBG = AFfo
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The unity gain bandwidth is given as product of open loop voltage gain and break
frequency of an op-amp.
5. The bandwidth of a non-inverting amplifier with feedback is equal to
a) fo(AB)
b) fo(AB-1)
c) fo(1+AB)
d) fo(1-AB)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bandwidth of the non-inverting amplifier with feedback is equal to its
bandwidth without feedback times (1+AB). i.e. fF=fo(1+AB).
6. How are the saturation voltage specified on the manufactures datasheet?
a) Negative voltage
b) Output voltage swing
c) Supply voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an open loop op-amp, the total output offset voltage (i.e. output voltage swing) is
equal to either the positive or negative saturation voltage.
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7. What is the formula for total output offset voltage with feedback?
a) VooT = Vo/(1+AB)
b) VooT = Vsat*(1+AB)
c) VooT = Vsat/(1+AB)
d) VooT = Vo*(1+AB)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The total output offset voltage with feedback = (Total output offset voltage witput
feedback) / (1+AB). i.e. VooT = Vsat/(1+AB).
8. Which of the following has the same characteristic as that of non-inverting amplifier with
feedback?
a) Perfect feedback amplifier
b) Voltage follower
c) Perfect voltage amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A perfect voltage amplifier has very high input resistance, very low output
resistance, stable voltage gain, large bandwidth and very little output offset voltage.
From the analysis of the characteristic of non-inverting amplifier with feedback, it is clear that it
exhibits the characteristics of a perfect voltage amplifier.
9. What is the gain of voltage follower?
a) Gain >
b) Gain >1
c) Gain <1
d) Gain -->
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Voltage follower is non-inverting amplifier configured for unity gain. Such that the
output voltage is equal to and in phase with the input.
10. Which is preferred to attain higher input resistance and the output amplitude equal to input?
a) Voltage follower
b) Voltage series feedback amplifier
c) Voltage shunt feedback amplifier
d) Inverter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the voltage follower the output follow the input due to unity gain. Therefore, it is
attained to get higher input resistance and output amplitude equal to input.
11. Find the input and output voltage in voltage follower circuit?
a) Vin=2v and Vout = 3v
b) Vin=10v and Vout = 11v
c) Vin=9v and Vout = 9v

d) Vin=4v and Vout = 7v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Voltage follower has input voltage equal to output voltage. The closed loop voltage
gain is equal to one. For example, take the input and output voltage to be 2v, then AF = Vout/Vin =
2v/2v = 1.
12. Voltage follower is also called as
a) None of the mentioned
b) Non-inverting amplifier
c) Inverting amplifier
d) Normal buffer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage follower is also called as a non-inverting buffer because, when placed
between two networks, it removes the loading on the first network.
13. Find the bandwidth and total output offset voltage of a voltage follower? The following are
the specifications for the op-amp 741: A=200000, fo =5hz and supply voltage =15v.
a) fF = 1000hz, VooT = 7.5v.

b) fF = 100khz, VooT = 7.5v.
c) fF = 10khz, VooT = 7.5v.
d) fF = 1000khz, VooT = 7.5v.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Bandwidth fF =A* fF = 200000*5= 1Mhz.
Total output offset voltage, VooT= Vsat/A= 15/200000 = 7.5v.
Which among the following circuit has the highest input resistance?
a) Voltage follower
b) Inverting amplifier
c) Differential amplifier
View Answer
2. Find the bias current from the given circuit
a) 30mA
b) 3mA
c) 0.30mA
d) 0.03mA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bias current is given as Iin =Vin/Rin = 3v/10k.
Where, Iin= Ib =0.3mA.
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3. How to choose an op-amp when working with high input source resistance?
a) Op-amp with low bias current
b) Op-amp with higher slew rate
c) Buffer or voltage follower
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the op-amp is driven by a high input source resistance, the output and input
voltage will not be equal due to error at the input. A remedy to this problem is an op-amp with
low input bias current and high slew rate should be chosen as a voltage follower.
4. What must be done to block the ac input voltage riding on a dc level?
a) Use RC network
b) Use coupling capacitor

c) Use resistive transducer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In order to block the dc level a coupling capacitor must be used in series with the
input of the voltage follower.
5. To get higher input resistance in AC coupled voltage follower,
a) The output resistance is bootstrapped
b) The input resistance is bootstrapped
c) The bias resistance is bootstrapped
d) The feedback resistance is bootstrapped
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Bias resistor connected to ground to provide path in an AC coupled voltage
follower, drastically reduces the input resistance of the circuit. Therefore, to get high input
resistance, the bias resistance is bootstrapped.
Which of the following functions does the antilog computation required to perform continuously
with log-amps?
a) In(x)
b) log(x)
c) Sinh(x)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Log-amp can easily perform function such as In(x), Log(x), Sinh(x) to have direct
dB display on digital voltmeter and spectrum analyser.
2. Find the circuit that is used to compress the dynamic range of a signal?
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Log amps are used to compress the dynamic range of a signal. The fundamental log
amp circuit consists of a grounded base transistor in the feedback path.
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3. Find the output voltage of the log-amplifier
a) VO = -(kT)ln(Vi/Vref)
b) VO = -(kT/q)ln(Vi/Vref)
c) VO = -(kT/q)ln(Vref/Vi)
d) VO = (kT/q)ln(Vi/Vref)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: the output voltage is proportional to the logarithm of input voltage.
VO =-(kT/q)ln(Vi / Vref).
4. How to provide saturation current and temperature compensation in log-amp?
a) Applying reference voltage alone to two different log-amps
b) Applying input and reference voltage to same log-amps
c) Applying input and reference voltage to separate log-amps
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The emitter saturation current varies from transistor to transistor with temperature.
Therefore, the input and reference voltage are applied to separate log-amps and two transistors
are integrated close together in the same silicon wafer. This provides a close match of the
saturation currents and ensures good thermal tracking.
5. The input voltage, 6v and reference voltage, 4 v are applied to a log-amp with saturation
current and temperature compensation. Find the output voltage of the log-amp?
a) 6.314(kT/q)v
b) 0.597(kT/q)v
c) 0.405(kT/q)v
d) 1.214(kT/q)v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage of saturation current and temperature compensation log-amp, VO
= (kT/q)ln(Vi / Vref) =(kT/q)ln(6v/4v) =(kT/q)ln(1.5)
VO = 0.405(kT/q)v.
6. Find the circuit used for compensating dependency of temperature in the output voltage?
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The temperature dependence on the output voltage is compensated by connecting
an op-amp which provide a non-inverting gain of [1+ (R2/ RTC)] at the output of the log-amp with
saturation current compensation.
Now the output voltage becomes,VO = [1+ (R2/ RTC)][(kT/q)ln(Vi / Vref)]
Where, RTC > temperature sensitive resistance with a positive co-efficient of temperature.
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7. Determine the output voltage for the given circuit
a) VO = Vref/(10-kvi)
b) VO = Vref+(10-kvi)
c) VO = Vref(10-kvi)
d) VO = Vref-(10-kvi)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage of an antilog amp is given as, VO = Vref (10-kvi)
Where k = 0.4343 (q/kt)[(RTC/ (R2 +RTC)].
8. Calculate the base voltage of Q2 transistor in the log-amp using two op-amps?
a) 8.7v
b) 5.3v
c) 3.3v
d) 6.2v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The base voltage of Q2 transistor, VB = [RTC / (R2 +RTC)](Vi) = [10k/
(5k+10k)]5v =3.33v.
9. Compute the reference voltage for a fundamental log-amp, if its internal resistance=5M.
a) 0.5v
b) 0.05v
c) 5v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Reference voltage, Vref = R1 Is
Where, Is~10-13A (for an emitter saturation current).
Vref = 10-13 5M = 510-7 = 0.5v.
This set of Linear Integrated Circuit Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
Very High Input Impedance Circuit.
1. Which among the following circuit has the highest input resistance?
a) Voltage follower
c) Differential amplifier
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage follower has the highest positive input resistance of any op-amp circuit. For
this reason it is used to reduce voltage error caused by source loading.
2. Find the bias current from the given circuit
a) 30mA
b) 3mA
c) 0.30mA
d) 0.03mA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The bias current is given as Iin =Vin/Rin = 3v/10k.
Where, Iin= Ib =0.3mA.
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3. How to choose an op-amp when working with high input source resistance?
a) Op-amp with low bias current
b) Op-amp with higher slew rate
c) Buffer or voltage follower
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the op-amp is driven by a high input source resistance, the output and input
voltage will not be equal due to error at the input. A remedy to this problem is an op-amp with
low input bias current and high slew rate should be chosen as a voltage follower.
4. What must be done to block the ac input voltage riding on a dc level?
a) Use RC network
b) Use coupling capacitor
c) Use resistive transducer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In order to block the dc level a coupling capacitor must be used in series with the
input of the voltage follower.
5. To get higher input resistance in AC coupled voltage follower,
a) The output resistance is bootstrapped
b) The input resistance is bootstrapped
c) The bias resistance is bootstrapped
d) The feedback resistance is bootstrapped
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Bias resistor connected to ground to provide path in an AC coupled voltage
follower, drastically reduces the input resistance of the circuit. Therefore, to get high input
resistance, the bias resistance is bootstrapped.
6. Find out AC-coupled voltage follower?
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An AC coupled voltage follower consists of coupling capacitor at the input of noninverting terminal.
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7. Voltage follower circuit are used in
a) Active filter
b) All of the mentioned
c) Sample and hold circuit
d) Bridge circuit with transducer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Voltage followers are useful for all the above mentioned applications, because they
involve working with high-input source resistance.
6. Find out AC-coupled voltage follower?
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An AC coupled voltage follower consists of coupling capacitor at the input of noninverting terminal.
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7. Voltage follower circuit are used in
a) Active filter
c) Sample and hold circuit
d) Bridge circuit with transducer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Voltage followers are useful for all the above mentioned applications, because they
involve working with high-input source resistance.
Which type of amplifier has output voltage equal to the average of all input voltages?
a) Inverting averaging amplifier
b) Non-inverting averaging amplifier
c) Non-inverting summing amplifier
d) Inverting scaling amplifier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In non-inverting averaging amplifier, the non-inverting input voltage is the average
of all inputs, with a positive sign.
2. Expression for output voltage of non-inverting summing amplifier with five input voltage?
a) Vo = 5( Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve)
b) Vo = [1+( Rf/R1)] ( Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve)
c) Vo = Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve
d) Vo = ( Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve) /5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage of non-inverting summing amplifier is (1+ ( Rf / R1 )) times the
average of all input voltages in the circuit.
Since there are five input voltages => (1+ ( Rf / R1 )) =5
Therefore, Vo = 5( Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve) /5
=> Vo = (Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd+ Ve).
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3. Find the value of V1 in the circuit shown below?

b) 2v
c) 3v
d) 4v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation : Using the superposition theorem the voltage V1 at non-inverting terminal is V1 =
Va/4 + Vb/4+ Vc/4+ Vd/4 = [Va + Vb+ Vc+ Vd] /4 = [4+(-3v)+6v+(-1v) ] /4 = 1.5v.
4. If the gain of a non-inverting averaging amplifier is one, determine the input voltages if the
output voltage, if the output voltage is 3v?
a) V1 =6v ,V2=3v and V3=2v
b) V1 =9v ,V2=5v and V3=-4v
c) V1 =8v ,V2=-6v and V3=1v
d) V1 =7v ,V2=4v and V3=-3v
View Answer
5. In the circuit shown, supply voltage = 15v, Va= +3v , Vb= -4v , Vc= +5v, R= R1= 1k and
RF= 2k. 741 op-amp has A= 2105 and R1= 10k. Determine the output voltage internal
resistance of the circuit?
a) Vo 3v , RiF=6.67M
b) Vo 3v , RiF= 7M
c) Vo 3v , RiF=9.2M
d) Vo 3v , RiF= 3.5M
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output voltage Vo= [1 + (RF/R1)] [ (Va+Vb+Vc/3)] = [1+(2k/1k)] [(34+5)/3]= 2.67 3v.
Internal resistance of circuit, RiF =R i [AR1/ (R1+ RF)] = 100[(2000001k)/(1k+2k)]
=> RiF= 6.67 M.
6. Find the type of amplifier that cannot be constructed in differential configuration?
a) Summing amplifier
b) Scaling amplifier
c) Averaging amplifier
d) Subtractor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In differential op-amp configuration, an amplifier produces sum or difference
between two input terminals of op-amp. So, averaging is not possible in this type of
configuration.
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7. Calculate the output voltage, when a voltage of 12mv is applied to the non-inverting terminal
and 7mv is applied to inverting terminal of a subtractor.
a) 19mv
b) 5mv
c) 1.7mv
d) 8.4mv
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Output voltage of a subtractor Vo = Vnon-inverting terminal Vinverting terminal = 12mv-7mv
=5mv.
8. In differential op-amp configuration a subtractor is called as
c) Scaling amplifier
d) Difference amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a subtractor input signals can be scaled to the desired values by selecting
appropriate values for the external resistors. Therefore, this circuit is referred to as scaling
amplifier.
9. Find the differential amplifier configured as a subtractor from the given circuit.
View Answer
10. How many additional sources are connected to each input terminal to obtain an eight input
summing amplifier?
a) Six
b) Three
c) Four
d) Eight
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An eight input summing amplifier can be constructed using basic differential
amplifier, if six additional input sources are used by connecting three input sources to inverting
and non-inverting input terminal through resistors.
11. Calculate the output voltage for the summing amplifier given below, where R=2k and RL
=10k.
a) 4v
b) 18v
c) 8v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output voltage for summing amplifier is given Vo =-Va -Vb +Vc +Vd =3-4+6+5
=4v.
12. The output voltage of a summing amplifier is equal to (assume sum of input voltage as Vn )
a) Vn (non-inverting terminal)+ Vn (inverting terminal)
b) Vn (non-inverting terminal)+ (-Vn (inverting terminal)
c) -Vn (non-inverting terminal)+ (-Vn (inverting terminal)
d) -Vn (non-inverting terminal)+ Vn (inverting terminal)

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output voltage of summing amplifier is equal to sum of the input voltage
applied to the non-inverting terminal plus the negative sum of the input voltage applied to the
inverting terminal.
1. In which amplifier the output voltage is equal to the negative sum of all the inputs?
a) Averaging amplifier
b) Summing amplifier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In summing amplifier the output voltage is equal to the sum of all input. Since the
total input is a sum of negative input, the amplifier is an inverting summing amplifier.
2. Determine the expression of output voltage for inverting summing amplifier consisting of four
internal resistors? (Assume the value of internal resistors to be equal)
a) Vo= -(Rf/R )(Va +Vb+Vc+Vd)
b) Vo= (RF/R)(Va +Vb+Vc+Vd)
c) Vo= (R/ RF)(Va +Vb+Vc+Vd)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the internal resistors of the circuit is same i.e Ra=Rb=Rc=Rd=R (since there are
four internal resistor)
Then, the output voltage for inverting amplifier is given as Vo= -(Rf/R)(Va +Vb+Vc+Vd).
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3. An inverting amplifier with gain 1 have different input voltage: 1.2v,3.2v and 4.2v. Find the
output voltage?
a) 4.2v
b) 8.6v
c) -4.2v
d) -8.6v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the gain of the inverting summing amplifier gain is 1 then, the internal
resistors and feedback resistors have the same value. So, the output is equal to the negative sum
of all input voltages.
VO= -(Va+Vb+Vc) =-(1.2+3.2+4.2)= -8.6v.
4. In which type of amplifier, the input voltage is amplified by a scaling factor

b) Averaging amplifier
c) Weighted amplifier
d) Differential amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The weighted amplifier is also called as scaling amplifier. Here each input voltage
is amplified by a different factor i.e. Ra,Rb and Rc are different in values ( which are the input
resistors at each input voltage).
5. An inverting scaling amplifier has three input voltages Va, Vb and Vc. Find it output voltage?
a) VO= {[(RF/Ra)Va] +[(RF/Rb)Vb]+[(RF/Rc)Vc]}
b) VO= [(RF/Ra)+(RF/Rb)+(RF/Rc)][( Va +Vb+Vc)]
c) VO = {[(Ra/RF)Va] +[(Rb/RF)Vb]+[(Rc/RF)Vc]}
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since three input voltages are given assume the input resistors to be Ra,Rb and Rc.
In a scaling amplifier, the input voltages are amplified by a different factor
=> RF/Ra RF/Rb RF/Rc
Therefore, output voltage Vo = -{[(RF/Ra) Va] +[(RF/Rb) Vb]+[(RF/Rc) Vc]}.
6. An amplifier in which the output voltage is equal to average of input voltage?
b) Weighting amplifier
d) Averaging amplifier
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: An averaging amplifier can be used as an averaging circuit, in which the output
voltage is equal to the average of all the input voltages.
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7. Find out the gain value by which each input of the averaging amplifier is amplified ?( Assume
there are four inputs)
a) 0.5
b) 0.25
c) 1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an averaging amplifier, the gain by which each input is amplified must be equal
to lower number of input.
=> RF /R =1/n , where n=number of inputs
RF /R=1/4 = 0.25 (Four inputs)
So, each input in the averaging amplifier must be amplified by 0.25.
8. 3v, 5v and 7v are the three input voltage applied to the inverting input terminal of averaging
amplifier. Determine the output voltage?
a) -5v
b) -10v
c) -15v
d) -20v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output voltage, Vo = -[(Va+Vb+Vc)/3] = -[(3+5+7)/3] =-5v.
9. When does the offset voltage compensating network must be used in inverting configuration?
a) When the input is AC voltage
b) When the input is DC voltage
c) When the input is either AC or DC voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To reduce the output offset voltage to zero, the offset minimizing resistor is used to
minimize the effect of input bias currents on the output offset voltage. However, when the inputs
are DC voltages, the offset compensating network must be used.
10. State the application in which summing, scaling or averaging amplifiers are used?
a) Multiplexers
b) Counters
c) Audio mixers
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Summing, scaling or averaging amplifiers are commonly used in audio mixers, in
which a number of inputs are added up to produce a desired output.
11. The following circuit represents an inverting scaling amplifier. Compute the value of RoM and
VO?
a) VO = -0.985v ; RoM = 111.11

b) VO = -2.567v ; RoM = 447.89
c) VO = -1.569v ; RoM = 212.33
d) VO = -1.036v ; RoM = 320.56
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: VO = {[(RF/Ra)Va]+[(RF/Rb)Vb]+[(RF/Rc)Vc]}
= {[(10k/1k)3.3mv]+[(10k/1.25k)5mv]+[(10k/820)7.9mv]} = -1.036v.
RoM = [Ra||Rbc||RF]
= [(RaRb)/(Ra+ Rb)] || [(RcRF)/( Rc+ RF)] =[(1k1.25k)/(1k+1.25k)] || [(82010k)/
(820+10k)] = 555.55||757.85 =[(555.55 757.85)/(555.55+757.85)] =320.56.
1. A Differential Amplifier should have collector resistors value (RC1 & RC2) as
a) 5k, 5k
b) 5, 10k
c) 5, 5k
d) 5k, 10k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The values of collector current will be equal in differential amplifier (RC1=RC2).
2. A Differential Amplifier amplifies
a) Input signal with higher voltage
b) Input voltage with smaller voltage
c) Sum of the input voltage
d) None of the Mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The purpose of differential amplifier is to amplify the difference between two
signals.
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3. The value of emitter resistance in Emitter Biased circuit are RE1=25k & RE2=16k. Find
RE
a) 9.756k
b) 41k
c) 9.723k
d) 10k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In emitter biased circuit, RE1 & RE2 is connected in parallel combination.
RE = RE1 II RE2 = (RE1 RE2)/(RE1+RE2) = (25k16k)/(25k+16k) = 9.7561k.
4. If output is measured between two collectors of transistors, then the Differential amplifier with
two input signal is said to be configured as
a) Dual Input Balanced Output
b) Dual Input Unbalanced Output
c) Single Input Balanced Output
d) Dual Input Unbalanced Output
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When two input signals are applied to base of transistor, it is said to be Dual Input.
When both collectors are at same DC potential with respect to ground, then it is said to be
Balance Output.
5. A differential amplifier is capable of amplifying
a) DC input signal only
b) AC input signal only
c) AC & DC input signal
d) None of the Mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Direct connection between stages removes the lower cut off frequency imposed by
coupling capacitor; therefore it can amplify both AC and DC signal.
6. In ideal Differential Amplifier, if same signal is given to both inputs, then output will be
a) Same as input
b) Double the input
c) Not equal to zero
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In ideal amplifier, Output voltage
Vout = Vin1-Vin2.
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7. Find the Single Input Unbalance Output configuration in following circuit diagrams :
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Circuit c has only single input (V1) and output is measure only at one of the
collector with respect to ground.
8. An emitter bias Dual Input Balanced Output differential amplifier has VCC=20v, =100,
VBE=0.7v, RE=1.3k. Find IE
a) 7.42mA
b) 9.8mA
c) 10mA
d) 8.6mA
View Answer
9. Find IC, given VCE=0.77v, VCC=10v, VBE=0.37v and RC=2.4k in Dual Input Balanced
Output differential amplifier
a) 0.4mA
b) 0.4A
c) 4mA
d) 4A
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Substitute the values in collector to emitter voltage equation,
VCE= VCC+ VBE-RC IC
IC = (VCC-VCE+VBE)/RC = (10v-0.77v+0.37v)/2.4k = 4mA
10. Find the correct match
Configuration
1. Single Input Unbalanced Output
2. Dual Input Balanced Output
3. Single Input Balanced Output
4. Dual Input Unbalanced Output
Voltage gain and Input resistance

i. Ad = Rc/re , Ri1 Ri2 = 2acRE
ii. Ad= Rc/2re , Ri1 Ri2 = 2acRE
iii. Ad= Rc/re , Ri = 2acRE
iv. Ad = Rc/2re , Ri = 2acRE
a) 1-i , 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-ii

b) 1-iv, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-i
c) 1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i , 4-iii
d) 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Properties of differential amplifier circuit configuration.
11. Obtain the collector voltage, for collector resistor (RC) =5.6k, IE=1.664mA and VCC=10v
for single input unbalanced output differential amplifier
a) 0.987v
b) 0.682v
c) 0.555v
View Answer
12. For the circuit shown below, determine the Output voltage (Assume =5, differential input
resistance=12 k)
a) 4.33v
b) 2.33v
c) 3.33v
d) 1.33v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From the circuit dig, RC=10k, Vin1= 1.3v and Vin2=0.5v,
Differential input resistance = 2 re,
12k = 25Re
Re = 1.2 k
Output voltage Vo = RC/2Re(Vin1-Vin2)
Vo = 10k/(2 1.2k) (1.3v-0.5v)
Vo = 3.33v.
13. In a Single Input Balanced Output Differential amplifier, given VCC=15v, RE = 3.9k,
VCE=2.4 v and re=250. Determine Voltage gain
a) 26
b) 56
c) 38
d) 61
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In single Input Balance Output amplifier,
IE = (VEE-VBE)/2RE
=(15v-0.7v)/(23.9kom)= 1.83mA (VCC=VEE)
From the equation, VCE = VCC +VBE-RCIC
RC = (14.3v 2.4v)/1.83mA = 6.5k

The voltage gain, Vo
Vo = RC/re
= 6.5k/250 = 26(no units).
1. Open loop op-amp configuration has
a) Direct network between output and input terminals
b) No connection between output and feedback network
c) No connection between input and feedback network
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an open loop configuration, the output signal is not fed back in any form as part
of the input signal and the loop that would have been formed with feedback is open.
2. In which configuration does the op-amp function as a high gain amplifier?
a) Differential amplifier
c) Non-inverting amplifier
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: An op-amp functions as a high gain amplifier when connected in open loop
configuration. These three are the open loop configuration of an op-amp.
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3. How does the open loop op-amp configuration classified?
a) Based on the output obtained
b) Based on the input applied
c) Based on the amplification
d) Based on the feedback network
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Open loop configurations are classified according to the number of inputs used and
the terminal to which the input is applied when a single input is used.
4. What will be the voltage drop across the source resistance of differential amplifier when
connected in open loop configuration?
a) Zero
b) Infinity
c) One
d) Greater than one

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The source resistances are normally negligible compared to the input resistance.
Therefore, the voltage drop across input resistors can be assumed to be zero.
5. The output voltage of an open-loop differential amplifier is equal to
a) Double the difference between the two input voltages
b) Product of voltage gain and individual input voltages
c) Product of voltage gain and the difference between the two input voltages
d) Double the voltage gain and the difference between two input voltages
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage is equal to the voltage gain times the difference between the two
input voltages.
6. Calculate the output voltage for the given circuit.
a) Vo = 7v
b) Vo = 5.9v
c) Vo = 12v
d) Vo = 11.4v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage, Vo = A*(Vin1-Vin2).(Since, Rin1 and Rin2 are negligible compared
to input resistance in open loop differential amplifier).
=> Vo = 4*(12v-9v) = 12v.
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7. Select the specifications that implies the inverting amplifier?

a) V1 = -3v, V2 = -4v
b) V1 = -2v, V2 = 3v
c) V1 = 5v, V 2 = 15v
d) V1 = 0v, V2 = 5v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In inverting amplifier, the input is applied to the inverting terminal and the noninverting terminal is grounded. So,the input applied to inverting amplifier can be V1 = 0v, V2 =
5v.
8. Find the output of inverting amplifier?
a) Vo = AVin
b) Vo = -AVin
c) Vo = -A(Vin1 Vin2)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an inverting amplifier the input signal is amplified by gain A and is also inverted
at the output. The negative sign indicates that the output voltage is of opposite polarity.
9. Determine the output voltage for the non-inverting amplifier input voltage 37Vpp sinewave.
Assume that the output is a 741.
a) -7.44 Vpp sinewave
b) 74 Vpp sinewave
c) 7.4Vpp sinewave
d) 0.7 Vpp sinewave
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage for non-inverting amplifier Vo = A*Vin = 200000 * 37 = 7.4
Vpp sinewave.
10. Find the non-inverting amplifier configuration from the given circuit diagram?
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a non-inverting amplifier, the input is applied to the non-inverting input terminal
and the inverting terminal is connected to ground.
11. What happen if any positive input signal is applied to open-loop configuration?
a) Output reaches saturation level
b) Output voltage swings peak to peak
c) Output will be a sine waveform
d) Output will be a non-sinusoidal waveform
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In open-loop configuration, due to very high gain of the op-amp, any input signal
slightly greater than zero drives the output to saturation level.
12. Why open-loop op-amp configurations are not used in linear applications?
a) Output reaches positive saturation
b) Output reaches negative saturation
c) Output switches between positive and negative saturation
d) Output reaches both positive and negative saturation.

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When operated in open loop, the output switches between positive and negative
saturation levels. For this reason, open loop op-amp configurations are not used in linear
applications.
Which of the following functions does the antilog computation required to perform continuously
with log-amps?
a) In(x)
b) log(x)
c) Sinh(x)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Log-amp can easily perform function such as In(x), Log(x), Sinh(x) to have direct
dB display on digital voltmeter and spectrum analyser.
2. Find the circuit that is used to compress the dynamic range of a signal?
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Log amps are used to compress the dynamic range of a signal. The fundamental log
amp circuit consists of a grounded base transistor in the feedback path.
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3. Find the output voltage of the log-amplifier
a) VO = -(kT)ln(Vi/Vref)
b) VO = -(kT/q)ln(Vi/Vref)
c) VO = -(kT/q)ln(Vref/Vi)
d) VO = (kT/q)ln(Vi/Vref)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: the output voltage is proportional to the logarithm of input voltage.
VO =-(kT/q)ln(Vi / Vref).
4. How to provide saturation current and temperature compensation in log-amp?
a) Applying reference voltage alone to two different log-amps
b) Applying input and reference voltage to same log-amps
c) Applying input and reference voltage to separate log-amps
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The emitter saturation current varies from transistor to transistor with temperature.
Therefore, the input and reference voltage are applied to separate log-amps and two transistors
are integrated close together in the same silicon wafer. This provides a close match of the
saturation currents and ensures good thermal tracking.
5. The input voltage, 6v and reference voltage, 4 v are applied to a log-amp with saturation
current and temperature compensation. Find the output voltage of the log-amp?
a) 6.314(kT/q)v
b) 0.597(kT/q)v
c) 0.405(kT/q)v
d) 1.214(kT/q)v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage of saturation current and temperature compensation log-amp, VO
= (kT/q)ln(Vi / Vref) =(kT/q)ln(6v/4v) =(kT/q)ln(1.5)
VO = 0.405(kT/q)v.
The center frequency of a band-pass filter is always equal to the
A
bandwidth
.
B.3 dB frequency
C.bandwidth divided by Q
D
geometric average of the critical frequencies
.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss.
View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum
2.
The formula
shows that for a given capacitor, if the voltage changes at a
constant rate with respect to time, the current will
A
increase
.
B.decrease
C.be constant
D
decrease logarithmically
.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
3.
A zero-level detector is a
A
comparator with a sine-wave output
.
B.comparator with a trip point referenced to zero
C.peak detector
D
limiter
.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
4.
A digital-to-analog converter is an application of the
A
scaling adder
.
B.voltage-to-current converter
C.noninverting amplifier
D
adjustable bandwidth circuit
.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
5.
If the value of resistor Rf in an averaging amplifier circuit is equal to the value of one input
resistor divided by the number of inputs, the output will be equal to
A
the average of the individual inputs
.
B.the inverted sum of the individual inputs
C.the sum of the individual inputs
D
the inverted average of the individual inputs
.
Answer: Option D
If the input to a comparator is a sine wave, the output is a
A ramp voltage
.
B.sine wave
C.rectangular wave
D
sawtooth wave
.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
7.
A basic series regulator has
A
an error detector
.
B.a load
C.a reference voltage
D
both an error detector and a reference voltage
.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
8.
A comparator is an example of a(n)
A
active filter
.
B.current source
C.linear circuit
D
nonlinear circuit
.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
9.
Initially, the closed-loop gain (Acl) of a Wien-bridge oscillator should be
A
A <3
. cl
B.Acl > 3
C.0
D
A
1
. cl
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
10.
In an averaging amplifier, the input resistances are
A
equal to the feedback resistance
.
B.less than the feedback resistance
C.greater than the feedback resistance
D
unequal
.
Answer: Option C
A triangular-wave oscillator can consist of an op-amp comparator, followed by a(n)
A
differentiator
.
B.amplifier
C.integrator
D
multivibrator
.

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
12.
The ramp voltage at the output of an op-amp integrator
A
increases or decreases at a linear rate
.
B.increases or decreases exponentially
C.is always increasing and never decreasing
D
is constant
.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
13.
A two-pole high-pass active filter would have a roll-off rate of
A
40 dB/decade
.
B.40 dB/decade
C.20 dB/decade
D
20 dB/decade
.
Answer: Option B
Which is not the internal circuit of operational amplifier?

b) Level translator
c) Output driver
d) Clamper
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Clamper is an external circuit connected at the output of Operational amplifier,
which clamp the output to desire DC level.
2. The purpose of level shifter in Op-amp internal circuit is to
a) Adjust DC voltage
b) Increase impedance
c) Provide high gain
d) Decrease input resistance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The gain stages in Op-amp are direct coupled. So, level shifter is used for
adjustment of DC level.
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3. How a symmetrical swing is obtained at the output of Op-amp
a) Providing amplifier with negative supply voltage
b) Providing amplifier with positive voltage
c) Providing amplifier with positive& negative voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For example, consider a single voltage supply +15v. During positive half cycle the
output will be +5v and -10v during negative half cycle.
Therefore, the maximum peak to peak output swing, -5v (-10v) = -15v (Asymmetrical swing).
So, to get symmetrical swing both positive and negative supply voltage with bias point fixed
suitably is required.
4. What is the purpose of differential amplifier stage in internal circuit of Op-amp?
a) Low gain to differential mode signal
b) Cancel difference mode signal
c) Low gain to common mode signal
d) Cancel common mode signal
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Any undesired noise, common to both of the input terminal is suppressed by
differential amplifier.
5. Which of the following is not preferred for input stage of Op-amp?
a) Dual Input Balanced Output
b) Differential Input Single ended Output
c) Cascaded DC amplifier
d) Single Input Differential Output
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Cascaded DC amplifier suffers from major problem of drift of the operating point,
due to temperature dependency of the transistor.
6. What will be the emitter current in a differential amplifier, where both the transistor are biased
and matched? (Assume current to be IQ)
a) IE = IQ/2
b) IE = IQ
c) IE = (IQ)2/2
d) IE = (IQ)2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to symmetry of differential amplifier circuit, current IQ divides equally through
both transistors.
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7. From the circuit, determine the output voltage (Assume F=1)
a) VO1=3.9v , VO2=12v
b) VO1=12v , VO2=3.9v
c) VO1=12v , VO2=0v
d) VO1=3.9v , VO2=-3.9v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage at the common emitter E will be -0.7v, which make Q1 off and the
entire current will flow through Q2.
VO1 = VCC VO2= VCC-FIQRC,
VO1 = 12v , VO2=12v-13mA2.7k = 3.9v.
8. At what condition differential amplifier function as a switch
a) 4VT < Vd < -4VT
b) -2VT Vd 2VT
c) 0 Vd < -4VT
d) 0 Vd 2VT
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For Vd > 4VT, the output voltage are VO1 = VCC, VO2= VCC-F IQRC. Therefore, a
transistor Q1 will be ON and Q2 will be OFF. Similarly for Vd> -4VT, both transistors Q2 & Q1
will be ON.
9. For Vd > 4VT, the function of differential amplifier will be
a) Switch
b) Limiter
c) Automatic gain control
d) Linear Amplifier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: At this condition, input voltage of the amplifier is greater than 100mv and thus
acts as a limiter.
10. Change in value of common mode input signal in differential pair amplifier make
a) Change in voltage across collector
b) Slight change in collector voltage
c) Collector voltage decreases to zero
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In differential amplifier due to symmetry, both transistors are biased and matched.
Therefore, Voltage at each collector will be same.
11. Find collector current IC2, given input voltages are V1=2.078v & V2=2.06v and total current
IQ=2.4mA. (Assume =1)
a) 0.8mA
b) 1.6mA
c) 0.08mA
d) 0.16mA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Collector current, IC2=FIQ/(1+eVdVT),
VT = Volts equivalent of temperature = 25mv,
Vd = V1-V2 =2.078v-2.06v=0.018v (equ1)
Substituting equation 1,
Vd/VT = 0.018v/25mv = 0.72v (equ2)
Substituting equation 2,
IC2= 12.4mA/(1+e0.72) = 2.4mA/(1+2.05) = 0.8mA.
12. A differential amplifier has a transistor with 0= 100, is biased at ICQ = 0.48mA. Determine
the value of CMRR and ACM, if RE =7.89k and RC = 5k.
a) 49.54 db
b) 49.65 d
c) 49.77 db
d) 49.60 db
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Differential mode gain, ADM= -gmRC and Common mode gain,
ACM= -(gmRC)/(1+2gmRE)
(for 01).
Substituting the values,
gm= ICQ/VT = 0.48mA/25mv=19.210-3-1
ADM= -gmRC= -19.210-3-15k= -96
ACM= -(gmRC)/(1+2gmRE)= -(19.210-3-15k) /(1+2- 19.210-3-17.89k) = -0.3158
CMRR = -96/-0.3158= 303.976
=20log303.976
=49.65db
Choose the compensating network design for non-inverting amplitude
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If an op-amp is used as an non-inverting amplifier, the compensating network
should be connected to the inverting input terminal of the op-amp.
2. Find the thevenins equivalent for resistance and voltage?
a) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-1

b) 1-ii, 2-I, 3-iii
c) 1-I, 2-ii, 3-iii
d) 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum thevenin equivalent resistance Rmax occurs when the wiper is at the
center of the potentiometer and the maximum thevenin equivalent voltage Vmax is equal to +Vcc
or Vee, when wiper is uppermost or lowest in the potentiometer.
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3. What is done to compensate the voltage, when V1 > V2?
a) Move the wiper towards +Vcc

b) Move the wiper towards Vee
c) Keep the wiper at the center of potentiometer
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: V1 > V2 implies that output offset voltage is positive. This means that V2 should be
increased until it is equal to V1. The wiper can be moved towards +Vcc until output offset
voltage is reduced to zero.
4. Calculate the maximum thevenin equivalent resistance, if a 10k potentiometer is used?
a) 0.4k
b) 5 k
c) 2.5k
d) 4k
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Rmax= Ra/2 || Ra/2 = Ra/4.
Given potentiometer, Ra = 10k
=> Therefore, Rmax = 10k/4 =2.5k.
5. Find the input offset voltage for the circuit shown
a) Vio = (Rb*Vmax)/( Rmax+ Rb+ Rc)

b) Vio = Rmax/( Rmax+ Rb+ Rc)
c) Vio = (Rc*Vmax)/( Rmax+ Rb+ Rc)
d) Vio = Vmax/( Rmax+ Rb+ Rc)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: compensating network using maximum thevenins equivalent for resistance and
voltage circuit is shown. Since |V1-V2|- Vio, the maximum value of V2 can be equal to Vio.
6. Find the value of Ra and Rb from the circuit shown?
a) Ra =4.6k ; Rb= 9k
b) Ra =7.3k ; Rb= 3.4k
c) Ra =2.5k ; Rb= 5.1k
d) Ra =4k ; Rb= 10k
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: We know that input offset voltage, Vio =(Rc*Vmax)/ Rb
=> Rb = Vmax*(Rc / Rb ) = (10v/10mv)*10 ( Vio specified on the datasheet is 10mv for LM307
op-amp).
=> Rb =10000 = 10k.
Since Rb > Rmax let us choose Rb = 10*Rmax. (Where Rmax = Ra/4).
Rb = (10*Rb)/4 and Ra = Rb/2.5 = 10k/2.5=4k.
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7. Why does an op-amp without feedback is not used in linear circuit application?
a) Due to high current gain
b) Due to high voltage gain
c) Due to high output signal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an op-amp without feedback, the voltage gain is extremely high (ideally infinite).
Because of the high risk of distortion and clipping of the output signal, an op-amp in open loop
configuration is not used in linear circuit application.
8. When the input voltage is reduced to zero in a closed loop configuration the circuit acts as
a) Inverting amplifier
c) Inverting and non-inverting amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since, the input signal voltage is reduced to zero, the internal resistance is
negligibly small. The output offset voltage is expressed in terms of external resistance and the
specified input offset voltage for a given op-amp.
If the non-inverting input terminal is connected to ground, it acts as inverting op-amp and vice
versa.
9. How the value of output offset voltage is reduced in closed loop op-amp?
a) By increasing gain
b) By reducing gain
c) By decreasing bandwidth
d) By reducing bandwidth
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output offset voltage is a product of gain and specified input offset voltage for
a given op-amp. Voo= Aoo*Vio. So, the value of output offset voltage can be reduced by reducing
the gain value.
Input bias current is defined as
a) Average of two input bias current
b) Summing of two input bias current
c) Difference of two input bias current
d) Product of two input bias current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Input bias current is the average of two input bias current flowing into the noninverting and inverting input of an op-amp.
2. Although the value of input bias current is very small, it causes
a) Output voltage
b) Input offset voltage
c) Output offset voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Even a very small value of input bias current can cause a significant output offset
voltage in circuits using relatively large feedback resistors.
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3. The formula for output offset voltage of an op-amp due to input bias current
a) VOIB= RF*IB
b) VOIB= (RF+R1)/IB
c) VOIB= (1+RF)*IB
d) VOIB= [1+(RF/R1)]*IB
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output offset voltage due to input bias current is VOIB = RF*IB.
4. Find the input bias current for the circuit given below
a) 10mA
b) 2mA
c) 5mA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Input bias current, IB=(IB1+ IB2)/2
=> IB =(4mA+6mA)/2 = 5mA.
5. Mention a step to reduce the output offset voltage caused due to input bias current?
a) Use small feedback resistor and resistance at the input terminal
b) Use small feedback resistors
c) Reduce the value of load resistors
View Answer
6. Given below is a differential amplifier in which V1=V2. What happens to VOIB at this
condition?
a) VOIB= 0
b) VOIB= VOIB10-10
c) VOIB= VOIB/2
d) VOIB= -1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The voltage V1 and V2 are caused by the current IB1 and IB2. Although this bias
current are very small, if they are made equal, then there will be no output voltage VOIB.
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7. Name the resistor that is connected in the non-inverting terminal of op-amp which is in
parallel combination of resistor connected in inverting terminal and feedback resistor.
a) Random minimizing resistor
b) Offset minimizing resistor
c) Offset reducing resistors
d) Output minimizing resistors
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage is product of resistors and input bias current. Therefore, the value of
the resistors are adjusted such that the resistors are connected at the inverting input terminal is
made equal to resistor connected in non-inverting input terminal. The use of this resistors
minimize the amount of output offset voltage and therefore, they are referred to as offset
minimizing resistors.
8. Calculate ROM, if the value of IB1 = IB2 in the given circuit.
a) 1173.11
b) 171.31
c) 1171.43
d) 1071.43
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Offset minimizing resistor, ROM =(R1* RF)/( R1+RF).
=> ROM = (1.2k*10k)/(1.2k+10) = 1071.43.
9. Calculate the output voltage for the given circuit using the specification: R1 = 820;
ROM=811.882; Vin=10mVpp; VOIB0.
a) 1.025Vpp
b) 1.8Vpp
c) 1Vpp
d) 2Vpp
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Offset minimizing resistor, ROM = (R1*RF)/(R1+ RF)
=> RF = (ROM* R1)/( R1- ROM) = (812*811.882)/(820-811.882) = 82k.
Vo = -(RF/ R1)* Vin = -(82k/820)*10mVpp = 1Vpp.
10. Analyse the given circuit and determine the correct option
a) Voo VIOB
b) Voo = VIOB
c) Voo >> VIOB
d) Voo << VIOB
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: 741op-amp has Vio = 6mvdc and IB =500nA.
The output offset voltage due to input offset voltage is given as Voo =[1+(RF/R1)]*Vio =
[1+(4.7k/47)]*6mv = 0.606v.
The output offset voltage due to input bias current is given as VIOB = RF*IB =4.7k*500nA =
2.35mv.
=> Voo >> VIOB.
11. The specification for LM101A op-amp is given as IB =75nA. Determine the value of VIOB- V1.
a) 0.112v
b) 0.750v
c) 0.374v
d) 0.634v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The voltage at non-inverting terminal is given as V1 = ROM*IB1 = 148*7.5nA =
1.11v.
=> ROM = (R1*RF)/(R1+ RF) = (15k*150)/(15k+150) =148
The output offset voltage is given as VIOB = RF*IB
=> VIOB = 15k*7.5nA = 112.5mv
=> VIOB- V1 = 0.112v.
The maximum amount by which the two input bias current may differ is known as
a) Input null current
b) Average input bias current
c) Input offset current
View Answer
2. A 741 type op-amp has a maximum input offset current of 200nA dc. What conclusion can be
derived from this statement?
{ IB1 Input bias current at inverting input terminal and IB2 Input bias current at non-inverting
input terminal}
a) IB1 may be larger than IB2 by 200nA
b) IB2 may be larger than IB1 by 200nA
c) Iio and IB2 may be equal to 200nA

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a 741 op-amp, Iio = 200nA dc, which means that the maximum difference
between IB1 and IB2 can be as large as 200nA.
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3. The maximum magnitude of the output offset voltage is
a) VOIio = RF*Iio
b) VOIio = RF*( IB1+IB2)
c) VOIio = RF*IB1
d) VOIio = RF*( IB1-IB2)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output offset voltage due to input offset current is given as VOIio = RF*Iio.
4. Find the output offset voltage of an 741 op-amp; If the gain of the non-inverting amplifier is
8.5 and feedback resistor = 15k? (IB=200nA for 741 op-amp)
a) 1v
b) 4 v
c) 3 v
d) 2 v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The circuit diagram of inverting amplifier is given below
Gain, A=1+(RF/R1)
=> R1 = RF/(A-1) = 15k/(8.5-1) = 2k.
=> ROM =(R1* RF)/( R1+RF) = 1.76k.
The output offset voltage, VOIB1= VOIB= RF*IB
=> VOIB1= 1.76k*200nA*8.5 = 2.910-6 3 v.
5. Find out the input offset current from the circuit
a) Iio = |IBA*IBC|
b) Iio = |IBA+ IBC|
c) Iio = |IBA/ IBC|
d) Iio = |IBA- IBC|
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: the input offset current is Iio = |IBA- IBC|.
6. Determine the maximum output offset voltage caused by input offset current
a) 5.4mv
b) 7.3mv
c) 6.9mv
d) 8.1mv
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a 741 op-amp, Iio = 200nA(Maximum).
=> Therefore, VOIio = RF*Iio = 27k*200nA =5.4mv.
Which factor affect the input offset voltage, bias current and input offset current in an op-amp
a) Change in temperature
b) Change in supply voltage
c) Change in time
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Any change in the mentioned parameters affect the values of input offset voltage,
bias current and input offset current from remaining constant.
2. Thermal voltage drift is defined as
a) Vio/T
b) VF/T
c) Iio/T
d) IB/T
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The average rate of change of input offset voltage per unit change in temperature is
called thermal voltage drift, i.e. Vio/T.
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3. A completely compensated inverting amplifier is nulled at room temperature 25oC, determine
the temperature at which the total output offset voltage will be zero?
a) 50oC
b) 25oC
c) 75oC
d) 125oC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When amplifier is nulled at room temperature, the effect of input offset voltage and
current is reduced to zero. Change in the total output offset voltage occurs only, if there is any
change in the value of Vio and Iio. Therefore, the total output offset voltage will be zero at room
temperature.
4. How the effect of voltage and current drift on the performance of an amplifier is determined?
a) VooT/T = {[1-RF/R1)](Vio/T)} + RF(Iio/t)
b) VooT/T = {(-RF/R1)(Vio/T)} + RF(Iio/t)
c) VooT/T = {[1+(RF/R1)](Vio/T)} + RF(Iio/t)

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: As the amplifier is used in inverting configuration, the effect of voltage and current
drift is given as, the average change in total output offset voltage per unit change in temperature.
VooT/T = {[1+(RF/R1)](Vio/T)} + RF(Iio/t).
5. The error voltage in a compensating inverting amplifier is obtained by
a) Multiplying T to total output offset voltage
b) Multiplying T to input offset voltage
c) Multiplying T to input offset current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum possible change in the total output offset voltage VooT results from
a change in temperature t. Therefore, error voltage is obtained by multiplying T in the
average total output offset voltage.
Ev =( VooT/T)T = [1+(RF/R1)](Vio/T)T + RF(Iio/T)T.
6. A 7.5k internal resistor and a 12k feedback resistor are connected to an inverting amplifier.
Find the error voltage, if the output voltage is 3.99mv for an input of 1.33mv.
a) 0.6v
b) 0.6mv
c) 60mv
d) 6mv
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output voltage of inverting amplifier is Vo= -(RF/R1)VinEv
=> Ev= Vo+(RF/R1)Vin = 3.99mv+(12k/7.5k)1.33mv = 6.118 6mv.
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7. Consider the amplifier is nulled at 27oC. Calculate the output voltage , if the input voltage is
6.21mv dc at 50oC. Assume LM307 op-amp with specification: Vio/T=30V/oC ; Iio/T =
300pA/oC; VS =15v.
a) +0.53v or -0.68v
b) +0.52v or -0.78v
c) +0.54v or -0.90v
d) +0.51v or -0.86v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Change in temperature T = 50oC-27oC = 23oC.
=> Error voltage, Ev =[1+(RF/R1)](Vio/T)T + RF(Iio/T)T =
[1+(100k/1k)](30v/1oC) 23oC + 100k(300pA/1oC) 23oC = 0.06969+ 6.910-9
=> Ev= 0.0704 = 70.4mv.
For an input voltage of 6.21mv dc, the output voltage,
Vo=-(RF/R1)VinEv = -(100k/1k)6.21mv70.4mv = +0.69v or -0.55v.
8.
The error voltage for the above circuit is 0.93v. Compute the output voltage?
b) +17v or -15v
c) -17v or +15v
d) +15v to +17v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output voltage for the non-inverting amplifier is
Vo=[1+(RF/R1+R2)]VinEv
= [1+(50k/3k+10k)]3.30.93v = 15.990.93
=> Vo = +16.92v or -15.06v +17v or -15v.
How to obtain a desired amount of multiplication in frequency multiplier?
a) By decreasing the multiplication factor
b) By increasing the input frequency
c) By selecting proper divide by N-network
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The desired amount of multiplication can be obtained by properly selecting a divide
by N-network. For example, to obtain the output frequency fout=5fin, a divide by N = 5 network
is needed.
2. Calculate the output frequency in a frequency multiplier if, fin = 200Hz is applied to a 7 divide
by N-network.
a) 1.2kHz
b) 1.6kHz
c) 1.2kHz
d) 1.9kHz
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since the VCO is actually running at a multiple of input frequency. fout=divide by
N-network x fin=7x200Hz=1400Hz
=>fout=1.4kHz.
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3. For what kind of input signal, the frequency divider can be avoided frequency multiplier?
a) Triangular waveform
b) Square waveform
c) Saw tooth waveform
d) Sine waveform
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: VCO can be directly locked to the nth harmonic of the input signal without
connecting any frequency divider in between the input signal rich in harmonics like square wave.
4. What must the typical value of n for a frequency multiplication / division? (n->order of
harmonics)
a) n 12
b) n >11
c) n <10
d) n =7
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: As the amplitude of the higher order harmonics becomes less, effective locking may
not take place for high values of n. So, the typical value of n is less than 10 for frequency
multiplication / division.
5. Determine the offset frequency of frequency translation, when the output and input frequency
are given as 75kHz and 1000Hz.
a) 35 kHz
b) 20 kHz
c) 29 kHz
d) 14 kHz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output of the frequency translation fo= fs+f1
=> f1 = fo- fs= 75kHz-55kHz =20kHz.
6. The frequency corresponding to logic 1 state in FSK is called
a) Space frequency
b) Mark frequency
c) Both mark and space frequency
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Frequency shift is usually accomplished by dividing a VCO with binary data signal.
Therefore, the logic 1 state of the binary data signal corresponds to mark frequencies.
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7. Find the frequency shift in FSK generator?
a) 230 Hz
b) 250 Hz
c) 180 Hz
d) 200 Hz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Frequency shift is the difference between FSK signals of 1070 Hz and 1270 Hz
frequency, which is 200 Hz.
8. Which filter is chosen to remove the carrier component in the frequency shift keying?
a) Three stage filter
b) Two stage filter
c) Single stage filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The high cut-off frequency of ladder filter is chosen to be approximately halfway
between the maximum keying rate of 150Hz & twice the input frequency ( 2200Hz) which can
be obtained using three stage filters.
What is the conversion ratio of the phase detector in 565 PLL?
a) 0.14
b) 0.35
c) 0.4458
d) 0.7
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The conversion ratio of the phase detector of 565 PLL (Monolithic PLL) K = 1.4/
= 0.4458.
2. Given fo = 1.2kHz and V = 13v, find the lock-in range of monolithic Phase-Locked Loop.
a) 575Hz
b) 720Hz
c) 150Hz
d) 1kHz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The lock-in range of monolithic PLL, fL = (7.8fo)/V = (7.81.2kHz)/13 =
720Hz.
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3. Find out the incorrect statement.
Monolithic phase detector is preferred for critical applications as it is:
1. Independent of variation in amplitude
2. Independent of variation in duty cycle of the input waveform
3. Independent of variation in response time
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 3
d) 1, 2 & 3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Monolithic phase detectors are not sensitive to harmonics of the input signal and
change in duty cycle of input and output frequency.
4. Determine the capture range of IC PLL 565 for a lock-in range of 1kHz.
a) fc = 31.453Hz
b) None of the mentioned
c) fc = 87.653Hz
d) fc = 66.505Hz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The capture range is fc = [fL/ (23.6103C]0.5 = [1kHz/
(23.6k10F)]0.5 = [1kHz/226.08-6]0.5 = [4423]0.5 = 66.505Hz.
5. Find the lock-in range of monolithic Phase-Locked Loop from the given diagram.
a) -fo-fL to fo-fL
b) -fo-fL to -fo-fC
c) fo-fL to fo-fC
d) -fo-fC to fo-fC
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Lock-in range of monolithic PLL is from -fo-fL to fo-fL.
Variation in the operating frequency of op-amp causes
a) Variation in gain amplifier
b) Variation in gain phase angle
c) Variation in gain amplitude and its phase angle
d) None of the mentioned.
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The gain of the op-amp is a function of frequency. It will have a specific magnitude
as well as a phase angle.
2. A graph of the magnitude of the gain versus frequency is called
a) Break frequency
b) Frequency response plot
c) Frequency stability plot
d) Transient response plot
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A frequency response plot is obtained by plotting the gain of the op-amp responding
to different frequencies.
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3. In the frequency response plot, the frequency is expressed in
a) Anti-logarithmic scale
b) Logarithmic scale
c) Linear scale
d) Exponential scale
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To accommodate large frequency ranges the frequency is assigned to a logarithmic
scale.
4. Why the gain magnitude in frequency response plot is expressed in decibels (dB)
a) To obtain gain > 105
b) To obtain gain < 105
c) To obtain gain = 0
d) To obtain gain =
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In frequency response plot, gain magnitude is assigned a linear scale and is
expressed in decibels to accommodate very high gain ( of the order 105 or higher).
5. Which technique is used to determine the stability of op-amp?
a) Frequency response plot
b) Transient response plot
c) Bode plot
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Although frequency response and bode plots indicate the effect of frequency
variation on gain, the Bode plot is generally used for stability determination and network design.
6. How many types of plots can be obtained in the AC analysis of network using Bode plot?
a) Five
b) Four
c) three
d) Two
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Two types of plots can be obtained using Bode plot. They are magnitude versus
frequency and phase angle versus frequency plots.
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7. What happens when the operating frequency of an op-amp increase?
a) Gain of the amplifier decrease
b) Phase shift between output and input signal decrease
c) Gain and phase shift of amplifier decreases.

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the operating frequency is increased the gain of the amplifier decrease. As it
is linearly related to frequency, the phase shift is logarithmically related to frequency.
8. Which of the following causes change in gain and phase shift?
b) Internally integrated inductors
c) Internally integrated Capacitor
d) Internally integrated Resistor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The change in function of frequency is attributed to the internally integrated
capacitor as well as stray capacitor. These capacitors are due to the physical characteristic of
semiconductor device.
9. Which plot is not provide by the manufactures?
a) Magnitude plot
b) Phase angle plot
c) Frequency response plot
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Phase angle plot are not generally provided because phase shift of later generation
op-amp are less than 90o even at cross over frequency.
10. How the performance of an op-amp circuit can be improved?
a) By using non-compensating network
b) By using frequency network
c) By using compensating network
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The compensating networks are used to improve /modify the performance of an opamp circuit over the desired frequency range by controlling it gain and phase shift.
11. Which op-amp require external compensating network?
a) Op-amp 771
b) Op-amp 351
c) Op-amp 709
d) Op-amp 741
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Op-amp 709 is a first generation op-amp. Generally first generation op-amp are
required for external compensating network.
12. IC 741c op-amp belongs to
b) Uncompensated op-amp
c) Non-compensated op-amp
d) Compensated op-amp
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 741c belongs to later generation op-amp and it has internal compensating network.
In internal compensated op-amp, the compensating network is designed into the circuit to control
the gain and phase shift of the op-amp and they are called as compensating op-amp.
13. Find out the non-compensating op-amp from the given circuit
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Non-compensating op-amp has external compensating components, that is ,
resistors and / or capacitors, are added at designated terminals. The mentioned op-amp has three
compensating components: a resistor and two capacitors.
Open loop op-amp configuration has
a) Direct network between output and input terminals
b) No connection between output and feedback network
c) No connection between input and feedback network
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an open loop configuration, the output signal is not fed back in any form as part
of the input signal and the loop that would have been formed with feedback is open.
2. In which configuration does the op-amp function as a high gain amplifier?
c) Non-inverting amplifier
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: An op-amp functions as a high gain amplifier when connected in open loop
configuration. These three are the open loop configuration of an op-amp.
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3. How does the open loop op-amp configuration classified?
a) Based on the output obtained
b) Based on the input applied
c) Based on the amplification
d) Based on the feedback network
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Open loop configurations are classified according to the number of inputs used and
the terminal to which the input is applied when a single input is used.
4. What will be the voltage drop across the source resistance of differential amplifier when
connected in open loop configuration?
a) Zero
b) Infinity
c) One
d) Greater than one
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The source resistances are normally negligible compared to the input resistance.
Therefore, the voltage drop across input resistors can be assumed to be zero.
5. The output voltage of an open-loop differential amplifier is equal to
a) Double the difference between the two input voltages
b) Product of voltage gain and individual input voltages
c) Product of voltage gain and the difference between the two input voltages
d) Double the voltage gain and the difference between two input voltages
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage is equal to the voltage gain times the difference between the two
input voltages.
Which filter type is called a flat-flat filter?
a) Cauer filter
b) Butterworth filter
c) Chebyshev filter
d) Band-reject filter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The key characteristic of the butterworth filter is that it has a flat pass band as well
as stop band. So, it is sometimes called a flat-flat filter.
2. Which filter performs exactly the opposite to the band-pass filter?
a) Band-reject filter
b) Band-stop filter
c) Band-elimination filter
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A band reject is also called as band-stop and band-elimination filter. It performs
exactly the opposite to band-pass because it has two pass bands: 0 < f < fL and f > fH.
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3. Given the lower and higher cut-off frequency of a band-pass filter are 2.5kHz and 10kHz.
Determine its bandwidth.
a) 750 Hz
b) 7500 Hz
c) 75000 Hz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Bandwidth of a band-pass filter is Bandwidth= fH- fL=10kHz2.5kHz=7.5kHz=7500Hz.
4. In which filter the output and input voltages are equal in amplitude for all frequencies?
a) All-pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Low pass filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In all-pass filter, the output and input voltages are equal in amplitude for all
frequencies. This filter passes all frequencies equally well and with phase shift and between the
two function of frequency.
5. The gain of the first order low pass filter
a) Increases at the rate 20dB/decade
b) Increases at the rate 40dB/decade
c) Decreases at the rate 20dB/decade
d) Decreases at the rate 40dB/decade
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The rate at which the gain of the filter changes in the stop band is determined by the
order of filter. So, for a low pass filter the gain decreases at the rate of 20dB/decade.
6. Which among the following has the best stop band response?
a) Butterworth filter
b) Chebyshev filter
c) Cauer filter
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The cauer filter has a ripple pass band and a ripple stop band. So, generally cauer
filter gives the best stop band response among the three.
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7. Determine the order of filter used, when the gain increases at the rate of 60dB/decade on the
stop band.
a) Second-order low pass filter
b) Third-order High pass filter
c) First-order low pass filter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The gain increases for high pass filter. So, for a third order high pass filter the gain
increases at the rate of 60dB/decade in the stop band until f=fL.
8. Name the filter that has two stop bands?
a) Band-pass filter
b) Low pass filter
c) High pass filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A band-pass filter has two stop bands: 1) 0 < f < fL and 2) f > fH.
9. The frequency response of the filter in the stop band.
i. Decreases with increase in frequency
ii. Increase with increase in frequency
iii. Decreases with decrease in frequency
iv. Increases with decrease in frequency
a) i and iv
b) ii and iii
c) i and ii
d) ii and iv
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The order of frequency of the filter in the stop band determines either steady
decreases or increases or both with increase in frequency.
How many types of band elimination filters are present
a) Three
b) Two
c) Four
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Band-reject filters are also called as band elimination filters. They are classified
into two types.
i) Wide band-reject filter and
ii) Narrow band-reject filter.
A narrow band-reject filter is commonly called as
a) Notch filter
b) Band step filter

c) Delay filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A narrow band-reject filter is also called as notch filter because of its higher quality
factor, Q (>10).
4. Find the expression for notch-out frequency?
a) fN = 2RC
b) fN = 2/RC
c) fN = 1/2(R/C)
d) fN = 1/2RC
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The notch-out frequency is the frequency at which maximum attenuation occurs: it
is given by fN =1/2RC.
5. The quality factor of passive twin T-network is increased by using
a) Inverting amplifier
c) Voltage follower
d) Differential amplifier
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The passive twin T-network has a selectively low figure of merit. The Q of the
network can be increased significantly, if it is used with the voltage follower.
6. Find out the application in which narrow band-reject filter can be used?
a) Embedded system
b) Biomedical instrument
c) Digital computer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Notch filters or narrow band-reject filters are used in biomedical instruments for
eliminating undesired frequencies.
Find the application of area where all-pass filters are used?
a) Cathode ray oscilloscope
b) Television
c) Telephone wire
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When signals are transmitted in transmission lines like telephone wire, they
undergo change in phase, all-pass filters are used to compensate these phase changes.
9. Determine the output voltage for all the all-pass filter and express it in complex form?
a) VO =Vin/ [(1-j2fRC) /(1+ j2fRC)]
b) VO =Vin [(1+j2fRC) /(1- j2fRC)]
c) VO =Vin [(1- j2fRC) /(1+ j2fRC)]
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage of all-pass filter is given as VO =Vin [(1-j2fRC) /(1+j2fRC)] .
10. Determine the input frequency for all-pass filter with phase angle as 62o. Consider the value
of resistor and capacitor are 3.3k and 4.7F.
a) Input frequency= -7.65Hz
b) Input frequency= -6.77Hz
c) Input frequency= -3.89Hz
d) Input frequency= -9.65Hz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The phase angle is given as = -2tan-1(2fRC)
=> f=-tan/4RC =-tan(62o)/(43.3k4.7F)= -1.88/0.1948 =-9.65Hz.
The voltage gain magnitude of all-pass filter is
a) Zero
b) One
c) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnitude of voltage gain of all-pass filter |VO /Vin| = (1+(2/RC)2) / (1+(2
/RC)2) =1
Choose the incorrect statement In wide band-reject filter .
a) Low cut-off frequency of low pass filter must be larger than the high cut-off frequency of the
high pass filter.
b) Low cut-off frequency of high pass filter must be equal than the high cut-off frequency of the
high pass filter.

c) Low cut-off frequency of high pass filter must be smaller than the high cut-off frequency of
the low pass filter.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In wide band-reject filter, low cut-off frequency of high pass filter must be larger
than the high cut-off frequency of the low pass filter.
Which filter attenuates any frequency outside the pass band?
a) Band-pass filter
b) Band-reject filter
c) Band-stop filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A band- pass filter has a pass band between two cut-off frequencies fH and fL. So,
any frequency outside this pass band is attenuated.
2. Narrow band-pass filters are defined as
a) Q < 10
b) Q = 10
c) Q > 10
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Quality factor (Q) is the measure of selectivity, meaning higher the value of Q, the
narrower its bandwidth.
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3. A band-pass filter has a bandwidth of 250Hz and center frequency of 866Hz. Find the quality
factor of the filter?
a) 3.46
b) 6.42
c) 4.84
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Quality factor of band-pass filter, Q =fc/bandwidth= 566/250=3.46.
4. Find the center frequency of wide band-pass filter
a) fc= (fh fL)
b) fc= (fh +fL)

c) fc= (fh -fL)
d) fc= (fh /fL)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a wide band-pass filter, the product of high and low cut-off frequency is equal to
the square of center frequency
i.e. ( fc)2 =fHfL
=> fc= (fhfL).
5. Find out the voltage gain magnitude equation for the wide band-pass filter.
a) AFt( f/fL)/[(1+(f/fh)2][1+(f/fL)2]
b) AFt/ {[1+(f/fh)2][1+(f/fL)2]}
c) AFt/ {[1+(f/fh)2]/[1+(f/fL)2]}
d) [AFt/(f/fL)]/ {[1+(f/fh)2]/[1+(f/fL)2]}
View Answer
6. When a second order high pass filter and second order low pass sections are cascaded, the
resultant filter is a
a) 80dB/decade band-pass filter
b) 40dB/decade band-pass filter
c) 20dB/ decade band-pass filter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The order of the band-pass filter depends on the order of the high pass and low pass
filter sections.
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7. Find the voltage gain magnitude of the wide band-pass filter?
Where total pass band gain is=6, input frequency = 750Hz, Low cut-off frequency =200Hz and
high cut-off frequency=1khz.
a) 13.36 dB
b) None of the mentioned
c) 11.71 dB
c) 14.837dB
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Voltage gain of the filter,
|VO/Vin|=[AFt(f/fL)]/{[1+(f/fL)2][1+f/fL)2]} =[6(750/20)]/{[1+(750/200)2][1+(750/200)2]}
=22.5/(15.61.56) =5.519.
|VO/Vin|= 20log(5.519) =14.837dB.
8. Compute the quality factor of the wide band-pass filter with high and low cut-off frequencies
equal to 950Hz and 250Hz.
a) 0.278
b) 0.348
c) 0.696
d) 0.994
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Quality factor Q=(fhfL)/(fh-fL) = (950Hz250Hz)/(9950Hz-250Hz) =0.696.
9. The details of low pass filter sections are given as fh =10kHz, AF= 2 and f=1.2kHz. Find the
voltage gain magnitude of first order wide band-pass filter, if the voltage gain magnitude of high
pass filter section is 8.32dB.
a) 48.13dB
b) 10.02dB
c) 14.28dB
d) 65.99dB
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: |VO/Vin|(high pass filter) = 8.32dB=10(8.32/20) =2.606.
Therefore, the voltage gain of wide band-pass filter |VO/Vin|= AFt(f/fL)/[1+(f/fh)2)][1+(f/fL)2)]
={Af/[(1+(f/fh)2]}{(Aff/fL)/[1+(f/fL)2]} =Aft /[1+(f/fh)2](2.606)
= [2/(1+(1.2kHz/10kHz)2]( 2.606) = 1.9862.606 =5.17 =20log(5.17) =14.28dB.
10. The quality factor of a wide band-pass filter can be
a) 12.6
b) 9.1
c) 14.2
d) 10.9
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A wide band-pass filter has quality factor less than 10.
If the gain at center frequency is 10, find the quality factor of narrow band-pass filter
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The gain of the narrow band-pass filter must satisfy the condition, AF= 2Q2
When Q=3,
=> 2Q2 =2(32) =18.

=> 10<18. Hence condition is satisfied when Q=3.
13. The advantage of narrow band-pass filter is
a) fc can be changed without changing gain
b) fc can be changed without changing bandwidth
c) fc can be changed without changing resistors
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: As the narrow band-pass filter has multiple filters. The center frequency can be
changed to a new frequency without changing the gain or bandwidth and is accomplished by
changing the resistor to a new value which is given as
R=R(fL/fc)2.
An electrical filter is a
a) Phase-selective circuit
b) Frequency-selective circuit
c) Filter-selective circuit
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An electric filter is often a frequency selective circuit that passes a specified band
of frequencies and blocks or alternates signal of frequencies outside this band.
2. Filters are classified as
a) Analog or digital
b) Passive or active
c) Audio or radio frequency
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Filters are classified based on the design technique (analog or digital), elements
used for construction (active or passive) and operating range (audio or radio frequency).
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3. Why inductors are not preferred for audio frequency?
a) Large and heavy
b) High power dissipation
c) High input impedance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At audio frequencies, inductor becomes problematic, as the inductors become large,
heavy and expensive.
4. The problem of passive filters is overcome by using
a) Analog filter
b) Active filter
c) LC filter
d) A combination of analog and digital filters
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The active filters enclose as a capacitor in the feedback loop and avoid using
inductors, this way inductorless active filter are obtained.
5. What happens if inductors are used in low frequency applications?
a) Enhance inductor usage
b) No losses occurs
c) Degrades inductor performance
d) Low power dissipation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For low frequency applications more number of turns of wire must be used, which
in turn adds to the series resistance degrading inductors performance.
6. Find out the incorrect statement about active and passive filters.
a) Gain is not attenuated in active filter
b) Passive filters are less expensive
c) Active filter does not cause loading of source
d) Passive filters are difficult to tune or adjust
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Typically active filters are more economical than passive filters. This is because of
the variety of cheaper op-amp and the absence of inductors.
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7. What are the most commonly used active filters?
b) Low pass and High pass filters
c) Band pass and Band reject filters
d) All-pass filters
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the mentioned filters use op-amp as active element and capacitors & resistors as
passive elements.
8. Choose the op-amp that improves the filter performance.
a) A741
b) LM318
c) LM101A
d )MC34001
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: LM318 is a high speed op-amp that improves the filters performance through
increased slew rate and higher unity gain-bandwidth.
9. Ideal response of filter takes place in
a) Pass band and stop band frequency
b) Stop band frequency
c) Pass band frequency
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ideal response indicates the practical filter response and it lies within the pass
band frequencies.
10. Find out the low pass filter from the given frequency response characteristics.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A low pass filter has a constant gain from 0Hz to high cut-off frequency fH.
Select the specifications that implies the inverting amplifier?
a) V1 = -3v, V2 = -4v
b) V1 = -2v, V2 = 3v
c) V1 = 5v, V 2 = 15v
d) V1 = 0v, V2 = 5v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In inverting amplifier, the input is applied to the inverting terminal and the noninverting terminal is grounded. So,the input applied to inverting amplifier can be V1 = 0v, V2 =
5v.
8. Find the output of inverting amplifier?

a) Vo = AVin
b) Vo = -AVin
c) Vo = -A(Vin1 Vin2)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an inverting amplifier the input signal is amplified by gain A and is also inverted
at the output. The negative sign indicates that the output voltage is of opposite polarity.
9. Determine the output voltage for the non-inverting amplifier input voltage 37Vpp sinewave.
Assume that the output is a 741.
a) -7.44 Vpp sinewave
b) 74 Vpp sinewave
c) 7.4Vpp sinewave
d) 0.7 Vpp sinewave
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage for non-inverting amplifier Vo = A*Vin = 200000 * 37 = 7.4
Vpp sinewave.
10. Find the non-inverting amplifier configuration from the given circuit diagram?
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a non-inverting amplifier, the input is applied to the non-inverting input terminal
and the inverting terminal is connected to ground.
11. What happen if any positive input signal is applied to open-loop configuration?
a) Output reaches saturation level
b) Output voltage swings peak to peak
c) Output will be a sine waveform
d) Output will be a non-sinusoidal waveform
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In open-loop configuration, due to very high gain of the op-amp, any input signal
slightly greater than zero drives the output to saturation level.
12. Why open-loop op-amp configurations are not used in linear applications?
a) Output reaches positive saturation
b) Output reaches negative saturation
c) Output switches between positive and negative saturation
d) Output reaches both positive and negative saturation.

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When operated in open loop, the output switches between positive and negative
saturation levels. For this reason, open loop op-amp configurations are not used in linear
applications.
Which filter performs exactly the opposite to the band-pass filter?
a) Band-reject filter
b) Band-stop filter
c) Band-elimination filter
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A band reject is also called as band-stop and band-elimination filter. It performs
exactly the opposite to band-pass because it has two pass bands: 0 < f < fL and f > fH.
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3. Given the lower and higher cut-off frequency of a band-pass filter are 2.5kHz and 10kHz.
Determine its bandwidth.
a) 750 Hz
b) 7500 Hz
c) 75000 Hz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Bandwidth of a band-pass filter is Bandwidth= fH- fL=10kHz2.5kHz=7.5kHz=7500Hz.
4. In which filter the output and input voltages are equal in amplitude for all frequencies?
a) All-pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Low pass filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In all-pass filter, the output and input voltages are equal in amplitude for all
frequencies. This filter passes all frequencies equally well and with phase shift and between the
two function of frequency.
5. The gain of the first order low pass filter

a) Increases at the rate 20dB/decade
b) Increases at the rate 40dB/decade
c) Decreases at the rate 20dB/decade
d) Decreases at the rate 40dB/decade
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The rate at which the gain of the filter changes in the stop band is determined by the
order of filter. So, for a low pass filter the gain decreases at the rate of 20dB/decade.
6. Which among the following has the best stop band response?
a) Butterworth filter
b) Chebyshev filter
c) Cauer filter
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The cauer filter has a ripple pass band and a ripple stop band. So, generally cauer
filter gives the best stop band response among the three.
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7. Determine the order of filter used, when the gain increases at the rate of 60dB/decade on the
stop band.
a) Second-order low pass filter
b) Third-order High pass filter
c) First-order low pass filter
View Answer
8. Name the filter that has two stop bands?
a) Band-pass filter
b) Low pass filter
c) High pass filter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A band-pass filter has two stop bands: 1) 0 < f < fL and 2) f > fH.
9. The frequency response of the filter in the stop band.
i. Decreases with increase in frequency
ii. Increase with increase in frequency
iii. Decreases with decrease in frequency
iv. Increases with decrease in frequency
a) i and iv
b) ii and iii
c) i and ii
d) ii and iv
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The order of frequency of the filter in the stop band determines either steady
decreases or increases or both with increase in frequency.
Free running multivibrator is also called as
a) Stable multivibrator
b) Voltage control oscillator
c) Square wave oscillator
d) Pulse stretcher
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Free running multivibrator operates at a frequency which is determined by an
external tuning capacitor and a resistor. On applying a dc control voltage the frequency can be
shifted on either sides. This frequency deviation is directly proportional to the dc control voltage
and hence it is called as voltage controlled oscillator.
2. The output voltage of phase detector is
a) Phase voltage
b) Free running voltage
c) Error voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase detector compares the input frequency with the feedback frequency and
produces output dc voltage called as error voltage.
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3. At which state the phase-locked loop tracks any change in input frequency?
a) Free running state
b) Capture state
c) Phase locked state
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the phase-locked, the output frequency is exactly same as the input signal
frequency. So the circuit tracks any change in the input frequency through its repetitive action.
What is the function of low pass filter in phase-locked loop?

a) Improves low frequency noise
b) Removes high frequency noise
c) Tracks the voltage changes
d) Changes the input frequency
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output voltage of a phase detector is a dc voltage and is often referred to as
error voltage. This output is applied to the low pass filter which removes the high frequency
noise and produces a dc level.
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6. What is the need to generate corrective control voltage?
a) To maintain the lock
b) To track the frequency change
c) To shift the VCO frequency
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output frequency(fo) of VCO is identical to input frequency(fs) except for a
finite phase difference(), which generates a corrective control voltage to shift VCO frequency
from fo to fs, thereby maintains the lock once locked and PLL tracks the frequency changes of the
input signal.
7. At what range the PLL can maintain the lock in the circuit?
a) Lock in range
b) Input range
c) Feedback loop range
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The change in frequency of the incoming signal can be tracked when the PLL is
locked. So, the range of frequencies over which PLL maintains the lock with the incoming signal
is called as the lock in range.
8. The pull-in time depends on
a) Initial phase and frequency difference between two sign
b) Overall loop gain
c) Loop filter characteristics
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The pull-in time depends on the above mentioned characteristics to establish lock in
the PLL circuit.
Open loop bandwidth of an op-amp extend its bandwidth from
a) 0Hz to fo
b) 20dB to fo
c) 3dB to fo
d) 0.704dB to fo
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The gain of the op-amp remains essentially constant from 0 to the break frequency
fo and therefore rolls off at a constant rate of 20dB per decade. Thus, the open-loop bandwidth is
the frequency band extending from 0Hz to fo.
2. What happens if 741 op-amp is configured as a closed loop inverting amplifier?
a) Gain increases
b) Gain roll-off at a rate 20dB/decade
c) No gain roll-off takes place
d) Gain decreases
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Whether the op-amp is inverting / non-inverting the gain will always roll-off at a
rate of 20dB/decade, using only resistive components regardless of the value of its closed loop
gain.
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3. Op-amp requiring external compensating components is called as
a) Tailored frequency response op-amp
b) Compensating op-amp
c) Transient op-amp
d) High frequency op-amp
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Op-amp using external components like resistor and capacitor to form the
compensating network are sometimes called tailored frequency response op-amps because the
user has to provide the compensation if it is needed to tailor the response.
4. In the first generation op-amp 709c, the open loop bandwidth of gain versus frequency curve
a) Increases from the innermost compensated curve to the outermost
b) Decrease from the innermost compensated curve to the outermost
c) Increases from the outermost compensated curve to the innermost
d) Decreases from the outermost compensated curve to the innermost

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The gain versus frequency curve of 709c decreases from the outermost
compensated curve to the innermost. For example, if C1 =10pF, R1 = 0 and C2 = 3pF, the
bandwidth 5kHz. While if C1 =5000pF, R1 =1.5 and C2= 200pF, the bandwidth will be
100Hz.
5. Which type of op-amp offer relatively broader open-loop bandwidth?
a) Compensated op-amp
b) Uncompensated op-amp
c) Tailored frequency response op-amp
d) Non-compensated op-amp
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The uncompensated op-amps offer broader open loop bandwidth whereas; the
internally compensated op-amps have very small open-loop bandwidth.
Which device is used for diagnostic purposes and for recording?
a) Low pass filter
b) Monolithic PLL
c) Voltage Controlled Oscillator
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is used for converting low frequency signals
such as EEGs, EKG into an audio frequency range. These audio signals can be transmitted over
two way radio communication systems for diagnostic purposes or can be recorded on a magnetic
tape for further reference.
2. If the output of the Schmitt trigger is given below. Estimate the output at the pin 3 of VCO.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In VCO, the output of Schmitt trigger is fed to the input of inverter. Therefore, the
output at pin3 would be an inverted output. As the input is a square wave, the output obtained
will be an inverted square wave.
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3. Write the equation for time period of VCO?
a) (2VccCT)/i
b) (Vcc CT)/(2i)
c) (VccCTi)/2
d) (2Vcc)/(iCT)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The time period of VCO is given as T=2t =(20.25Vcc CT)/i =(0.5 VccCT)/i
= (VccCT)/(2i).
4. Determine the value of current flow in VCO, when the NE566 VCO external timing resistor
RT =250 and the modulating input voltage Vc=3.25V.(Assume Vcc=+5v).
a) 3mA
b) 12mA
c) 7mA
d) 10mA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Current flowing in VCO, i =(Vcc- Vc)/ RT = (5V-3.25V)/250 = 1.75/250
=>i =7mA.
5. From the circuit given, find the value of output frequency?
a) 178.484 Hz
b) 104.84 Hz
c) 145.84 Hz
d) 110.88 Hz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Output frequency, fo =[2(Vcc- Vc) ]/(CTRTVcc )= [2x(8-1.5)]/(0.47Fx33kx8v)
=13/0.124
=> fo=104.84 Hz.
6. The output frequency of the VCO can be changed by changing
a) External tuning resistor
b) External tuning capacitor
c) Modulating input voltage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output frequency of VCO, fo = [2(Vcc- Vc)]/(CTRTVcc).
From the equation, it is clear that the fo is inversely proportional to CT & RT and directly
proportional to Vc.Therefore, the output frequency can be changed by changing either voltage
control, CT or RT.
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7. Calculate the value of external timing capacitor, if no modulating input signal is applied to
VCO. Consider fo=25 kHz and RT=5 k.
a) 6nF
b) 100F
c) 2nF
d) 10nF
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When modulating input signal is not applied to VCO, the output frequency
becomes fo=1/(4RTCT)
=> CT =1/(4RTfo) =1/(45k25kHz) = 210-9 =2nF.
8. What is the advantage of using filter?
a) High noise immunity
b) Reduce the bandwidth of PLL
c) Provides dynamic range of frequencies
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The charge on the filter capacitor gives a short time memory to the PLL. So, even if
the signal becomes less than the noise for a few cycles, the dc voltage on the capacitor continues
to shift the frequency of VCO, till it picks up the signal again. This produces high noise
immunity.
9. Which filter is used in VCO?
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The loop filter used in the VCO can be one of the three types of filter shown above.
10. Choose the VCO for attaining higher output frequency.
a) NE566
b) SE566
c) MC4024
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: MC4024 is used for attaining high output frequency, because the maximum output
frequency of NE566 and SE566 is 500kHz.
11. Voltage to frequency conversion factor for VCO is
a) Kv = Vc/ fo
b) Kv = fo/Vc
c) Kv = fo Vc
d) Kv = 1/(foVc)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage to frequency conversion factor is defined as the change in frequency to
the change in modulating input voltage.
=> Kv=fo/Vc.
12. Calculate the voltage to frequency conversion factor, where fo=155Hz and Vcc=10V.
a) 130
b) 124
c) 134
d) 116
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage to frequency conversion factor, Kv = fo/Vcc= 8fo/Vcc =
(8155)/10=124.
13. Find the equation for change in frequency of VCO?
a) fo = (2Vc)/(RTCTVcc)
b) fo = Vc/(4RTCTVcc)
c) fo = Vc/(2RTCTVcc)
d) fo = (4Vc)/(RTCTVcc)
View Answer
14. Using the given specifications, determine the voltage to frequency conversion factor.
a) 8.32
b) 8.90
c) 8.51
d) 8.75
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: fo = 2Vc/(RTCTVcc)
=>Vc= (foRTCTVcc)/2 = (4.7Fx10kx5x112)/2 = 13.16V.
Kv= fo/ Vc = 112Hz/13.16V
=>Kv=8.51.
To obtain a faster slew rate the op-amp should have
a) High current and large compensating capacitor
b) Small compensating capacitor
c) High current or small compensating capacitor
d) Low current or large compensating capacitor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The slew rate is given as, SR =dVc/dt|max = I/C
Therefore the higher current should be given a small compensating capacitor is used internally or
outside an op-amp.
2. Find the expression for full power response.
a) fmax(Hz) =(slew rate106)/(6.28Vm)
b) fmax(Hz) =slew rate /(628106Vm)
c) fmax(Hz) =(slew rateVm106)/6.28
d) fmax(Hz) =(6.28Vm 106)/ slew rate
View Answer
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3. Calculate the time taken by the output to swing from +14v to -14v for a 741C op-amp having a
slew rate of 0.5V/s?
a) 22s
b) 42s
c) 56s
d) 70s
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Slew rate = dv/dt
=> Time taken = 14-(-14)/ 0.5V/s = 28v/0.5V/s = 56s.
4. Consider a square wave having a peak to peak amplitude of 275mv and it is amplified to a
peak to peak amplitude of 4v, with rise time of 5.2s. Calculate the slew rate?
a) 0.615 v/s
b) 0.712 v/s
c) 0.325 v/s
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From the definition of rise time, the change in the output voltage is 5.2s
v= (90%-10%)4v= (0.9-0.1)4v =3.2v.
Therefore, slew rate = 3.2v/5.2s =0.615v/s.
5. Determine the maximum input signal to be applied to an op-amp to get distortion free output.
If the op-amp used is an inverting amplifier with a gain of 50 and maximum output amplitude
obtained is 4.2V sine wave?
a) 159mv
b) 0.168mv
c) 207mv
d) 111mv
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Given, Vm= 4.2Vpeak
the output voltage = 4.2+4.2 =8.4 V peak to peak.
Hence for the output to be undistorted sine wave, the maximum input signal should be less than
=> 8.4/50= 0.168 = 168mVpeak to peak.
6. What happens if the frequency or amplitude of the input signal is increased to exceed slew rate
of the op-amp?
b) High frequency output
c) Distorted output
d) Large amplitude output
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Slew rate determines the maximum frequency of operation for a desired output
swing. If the slew rate is greater than 2fVm /106 then the output is distorted, whereas an increase
in the frequency /amplitude of input signal distort the output.
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7. Compute the peak output amplitude, when the voltage gain verses frequency curve of 741C is
flat upto 25Hz.
a) 4Vpeak
b) 9Vpeak
c) 20Vpeak
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The slew rate of 741C op-amp = 0.5V/s. So, the maximum output voltage at
25kHz is SR= (2fVm)/ 106 V/s
=> Vm = (SR106)/(2f ) = (0.5106)/(225kHz)
Vm = 3.18Vpeak.
8. Calculate the maximum input frequency at which the output will be distorted from the given
specifications
Vo = 30 Vpp ; Slew rate = 0.6v/s.
a) 1000Hz
b) 10kHz
c) 1kHz
d) 10kHz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum time between the two zero crossing is given as
=> 30v/(0.6v/s) =50s. Hence the maximize input frequency fmax at which the output get
distorted is fmax = 1/(250s) =10000 =10kHz.
9. Match AC parameter of the op-amp in column 1 with the column 2.
Column 1
1. Bandwidth
2. Transient
response
3. Slew rate
Column-2
i . a large signal phenomenon
ii. Rise time is related to bandwidth and
overshoots measure stability
iii. Depends on compensating components and
closed loop gain
a) 1-i 2-iii 3-ii

b) 1-ii 2-iii 3-i
c) 1-iii 2-ii 3-i
d) 1-iii 2-i 3-ii
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Analysis of difference between three AC parameter; bandwidth, transient response
and slew rate.
How a triangular wave generator is derived from square wave generator?
a) Connect oscillator at the output
b) Connect Voltage follower at the output

c) Connect differential at the output
d) Connect integrator at the output
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The output waveform of the integrator is triangular, if its input is square wave.
Therefore, a triangular wave generator can be obtained by connecting an integrator at the output
of the square wave generator.
2. The increase in the frequency of triangular wave generator.
a) Ramp the amplitude of triangular wave
b) Increase the amplitude of triangular wave
c) Decrease the amplitude of triangular wave
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the resistor value increase or decrease, the frequency of triangular wave will
decrease or increase, respectively. Therefore, the amplitude of the triangular wave decreases with
an increase in it frequency and vice verse.
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3. Which among the following op-amp is chosen for generating triangular wave of relatively
higher frequency?
a) LM741 op-amp
b) LM301 op-amp
c) LM1458 op-amp
d) LM3530 op-amp
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The frequency of the triangular wave generator is limited by the slew rate of the opamp. LM301 op-amp has a high slew rate.
4. What is the peak to peak (PP) output amplitude of the triangular wave?
a) VO(pp) = + VRamp + (- VRamp)
b) VO(pp) = VRamp + (+ VRamp)
c) VO(pp) = + VRamp (- VRamp)
d) VO(pp) = VRamp (+ VRamp)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The peak to peak output waveform, VO(pp) = + VRamp-(-VRamp)
Where, VRamp > Negative going ramp ;
+ VRamp> positive going ramp.
5. Determine the output triangular waveform for the circuit.
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage at which A1 switch from +Vsat to -Vsat
=> -Vramp =(-R2 / R3) (+Vsat)
= (-10k/40k) 15v =-3.75v

Similarly, the voltage at which A1 switch from -Vsat to +Vsat
=> +Vramp = (-R2 / R3) (-Vsat)
= 10k/40k 15v =3.75v
Time period, T = (4R1C1R2) / R3
= (410k0.05F10k) /40k = 0.5 ms.
6. Find the capacitor value for a the output frequency, fo = 2kHz & VO(pp) = 7v , in a triangular
wave generator. The op-amp is 1458/741 and supply voltage = 15v. (Take internal
resistor=10k)
a) 0.03nF
b) 30nF
c) 0.3nF
d) 3nF
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Given, Vsat =15v
VO(pp) = (2R2/R3) Vsat
=> R2 =(VO(pp) R3) / (Vsat2) = [7/(215)]R3 = 0.233R3
Internal resistor, R2 = R1= 10k
=> R3 = 0.23310k = 2.33k.
So, the output frequency fO = R3 / ( 4R1 C1 R2)
=> 2khz = 2.33khz/ (410k 10kC1)
=> C1 = 2.33k / (810-11) = 2.9 10-9 3nF.
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7. Triangular wave form has
a) Rise time < fall time
b) Rise time = fall time
c) Rise time fall time
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The triangular wave form has rise time of the triangular wave always equal to its
fall time, that is, the same amount of time is required for the triangular wave to swing from
-VRamp to +VRamp as from +VRamp to -VRamp.
8. Output of an integrator producing waveforms of unequal rise and fall time are called
a) Triangular waveform
b) Sawtooth waveform
c) Pulsating waveform
d) Spiked waveform
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Sawtooth waveform has unequal rise and fall times. It may rise positively many
times faster than it falls negatively or vice versa.
9. Find out the sawtooth wave generator from the following circuits.
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The triangular wave generator can be converted into a sawtooth wave generator by
inserting a variable dc voltage into the non-inverting terminal of the integrator.
10. Consider the integrator used for generating sawtooth wave form. Match the list I with the list
II depending on the movement of wiper.
List-I
List-II
Rise time =fall time (Triangular wave)
Longer fall time and short rise time (Sawtooth wave)
Longer rise time and short fall time (Sawtooth wave)
a) 1-iii,2-ii,3-i
b) 1-i ,2-ii ,3-iii
c) 1-i, 2-iii, 3-ii
d) 1-ii ,2-iii ,3-i
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Depending on the duty cycle (movement of the wiper) the type of waveform is
determined.
Which circuit is used for obtaining desired output waveform in operational amplifier?
a) Clipper
b) Clamper
c) Peak amplifier
d) Sample and hold
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an op-amp clipper circuits a rectifier diode is used to clip off certain portions of
the input signal to obtain a designed output waveform.
2. The clipping level in op-amp is determined by
a) AC supply voltage
b) Control voltage
c) Reference voltage
d) Input voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The clipping level is determined by the reference voltage which should be less than
the input voltage range of an op-amp.
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3. In a positive clipper, the diode conducts when
a) Vin < Vref
b) Vin = Vref
c) Vin > Vref
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation:In a positive clipper, the diode conducts until Vin = Vref (during the positive half
cycle of the input), because when Vin < Vref, the voltage (Vref) at the negative input is higher than
that at the positive input.
4. What happens if the potentiometer Rp is connected to negative supply?
a) Output waveform below -Vref will be clipped off

b) Output waveform above +Vref will be clipped off
c) Output waveform above -Vref will be clipped off
d) Output waveform below +Vref will be clipped off
View Answer
5. Find the output waveform for when Vin < Vref
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The negative portion of the output voltage below -Vref is clipped off because, diode
will be in off condition when Vin < Vref.
6. What happens if the input voltage is higher than reference voltage in a positive clipper?
a) Output voltage = Reference voltage
b) Output voltage = DC Positive voltage
c) Output voltage = Input voltage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When input voltage is higher than reference voltage, the op-amp operates in open
loop and diode become reverse biased. Thus, the output voltage will be equal to reference
voltage.
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7. A positive small signal halfwave rectifier can
a) Rectify signals with peak value only
b) Rectify signals with value of few millivolts only
c) Rectify signals with both peak value and down to few millivolts
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A positive small signal halfwave rectifier can rectify signals with peak values down
to few millivolts, because the high open loop gain of the op-amp automatically adjusts the
voltage drive to the diode, so that the rectified output peak is the same as the input.
8. Determine the output waveform of negative small signal half wave rectifier.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: During the positive alteration of Vin, D1 is reverse biased. Therefore, Vo =0v. On the
other hand, during the negative alteration, D1 is forward biased and hence Vo follows Vin.
9. Diode in small signal positive halfwave rectifier circuit acts as
a) Ideal diode
b) Clipper diode
c) Clamper diode
d) Rectifier diode
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The diode acts as an ideal diode, since the voltage across the ON diode is divided
by the open loop gain of the op-amp. As the input voltage starts increasing in the positive
direction, the output of the op-amp also increases positively till the diode become forward
biased.
10. How to minimize the response time and increase the operating frequency range of the opamp?
a) Positive halfwave rectifier with two diodes
b) Positive halfwave rectifier with one diode
c) Negative halfwave rectifier with two diodes
d) Negative halfwave rectifier with one diode
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Negative halfwave rectifier circuit with two diodes are used so that the output of
the op-amp does not saturate. Thus, minimizes the response time and increases the operating
frequency range.
11. Why a voltage follower stage is connected at the output of the negative small signal half
wave rectifier?
a) Due to Non-uniform input resistance
b) Due to Non-uniform output resistance
c) Due to Uniform output voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output resistance of the circuit is non-uniform as it depends on the state of
diode. That is, the output impedance is low when diode is on and high when diode is off.
12. A circuit with a predetermined dc level is added to the output voltage of the op-amp is called
a) Clamper
b) Positive clipper
c) Halfwave rectifier
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A clamper clamps the output to a desired dc level.
13. Determine the output waveform for a peak amplifier with input =4Vpsinewave and Vref=1V.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a peak amplifier the input waveform peak is clamped at Vref.
The output voltage Vo=2Vp+Vref=(24v)+1v = 9v.
14. An op-amp clamper circuit is also referred as
a) DC cutter
b) DC inserter
c) DC lifter
d) DC leveller
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an op-amp clamper circuit, a pre-determined dc level is deliberately inserted at
the output voltage. For this reason, the clamper is sometimes called as DC inserter.
15. At what values of Ci and Rd a precision clamping can obtained in peak clamper when the time
period of the input waveform is 0.4s?
a) Ci=0.1F and Rd=10k
b) Ci=0.47F and Rd=10k
c) Ci=33F and Rd=10k

d) Ci=2.5F and Rd=10k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For precision clamping, Ci and Rd << T/2.So,(0.1F10 k) << (0.4/2) = 110-3 <<
0.2.Therefore, Ci=0.1F and Rd=10k.
Determine the time period of a monostable 555 multivibrator.
a) T= 0.33RC
b) T= 1.1RC
c) T= 3RC
d) T= RC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The time period of a monostable 555 timer is T = RCln(1/3) = 1.1.RC.
2. Find monostable vibrator circuit using 555 timer.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When 555 timer is configured in monostable operation, the trigger input is applied
through pin2 whereas, upper comparator threshold (pin6) & discharge (pin7) are shorted and
connected at the output.
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3. How to overcome mistriggering on the positive pulse edges in the monostable circuit?
a) Connect a RC network at the input
b) Connect an integrator at the input
c) Connect a differentiator at the input
d) Connect a diode at the input
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To prevent the mistrigger on positive pulse edges, a resister & capacitor combined
of 10k and 0.001F at the input to form a differentiator
The circuit shows the differentiator to be connected between trigger input and the +VCC.
4. A monostable multivibrator has R = 120k and the time delay T = 1000ms, calculate the value
of C?
a) 0.9F
b) 1.32F
c) 7.5F
d) 2.49F
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Time delay for a monostable multivibrator, T = 1.1RC
=> C = T/(1.1R) = 1000ms/(1.1120k) = 7.57F.
5. Which among the following can be used to detect the missing heart beat?
a) Monostable multivibrator
b) Astable multivibrator
c) Schmitt trigger
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A monostable multivibrator can be used as a missing pulse detector by connecting a
transistor between trigger inputs. If a pulse misses, the discharge trigger input goes high &
transistor become cut-off and the output goes low. So, this type of circuit can be used to detect
missing heart beat.
6. A 555 timer in monostable application mode can be used for
a) Pulse position modulation
b) Frequency shift keying
c) Speed control and measurement
d) Digital phase detector
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In monostable operation mode, if input trigger pulses are generated from a rotating
wheel, the circuit will determine the wheel speed whenever it drops below a predetermined
value. Therefore, it can be used for speed control and measurement.
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7. How can a monostable multivibrator be modified into a linear ramp generator?
a) Connect a constant current source to trigger input
b) Connect a constant current source to trigger output
c) Replace resistor by constant current source
d) Replace capacitor by constant current source
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The resistor R of the monostable circuit is replaced by a constant current source.
So, that the capacitor is charged linearly and generates ramp signal.
8. Determine time period of linear ramp generator using the specifications
RE = 2.7k, R1 =47k , R2 100k , C= 0.1F, VCC =5v.
a) 8ms
b) 4ms
c) 2ms
d) 1ms
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The time period of the linear ramp generator, T= [(2/3)(VCCRE)(R1+ R2)C]/
{(R1VCC)-[VBE(R1+R2)]}
= {(2/3)5v[2.7k(4.7k+ 100k)](0.1F)}/{[(47k)5v]-[(0.7)(47k+100k)]}
=>T= 132.3/132.100 =1.001510-3 = 1ms.
9. How does a monostable multivibrator used as frequency divider?

a) Using square wave generator
b) Using triangular wave generator
c) Using sawtooth wave generator
d) Using sine wave generator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Monostable multivibrator can be used as a frequency divider when a continuously
triggered monostable circuit is triggered using a square wave generator. Provided the timing
interval is adjusted to be longer than the period of triggering square wave input signal.
10. What will be the output, if a modulating input signal and continuous triggering signal are
applied to pin5 and pin22 respectively in the following circuit?
a) Frequency modulated wave form

b) Pulse width modulated wave form
c) Both pulse and frequency modulated wave form
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: On application of continuous trigger at pin22 and a modulated input signal at pin5,
a series of output pulses are obtained. The duration of which depends on the modulating signal.
Also in the pulse duration, only the duty cycle varies, keeping the frequency same as that of the
continuous input pulse train trigger.
Which circuit can be used as a full wave rectifier?
a) Absolute vale output circuit
b) Positive clipper with two diodes
c) Negative clipper with two diodes

d) Peak clampers
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Absolute value output circuit produces an output signal that swings positively only,
regardless of the polarity of the input signal; because of the nature of its output wave form, the
circuit is used as full wave rectifier.
2. For the circuit shown below find the output voltage
a) Vo (+) = +10 v
b) Vo (+) = +12v
c) Vo (+) = +7v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The voltage at the terminal V1 = (Vp -Vd1) /2
V1 = (12-0.7) /2 = 5.65 v (Vd1= voltage drop across diode=0.7)
Similarly, the voltage at the negative terminal V2 = (Vo -Vd3 ) /2 = (Vo 0.7) /2
Since Vid 0v , V1 = V2
Vo = (5.65 *2 ) + 0.7 = 12v.
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3. Determine the output waveform for the circuit
Where input = 2 Vp sine wave with time period 0.2ms.
View Answer
4. What is the alternate method to measure the values of non-sinusoidal waveform other than ac
voltmeter?
a) Clipper
b) Clamper
c) Peak detector
d) Comparator
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A conventional ac voltmeter is designed to measure rms value of the pure sine wave
whereas, the peak value of the non-sinusoidal wave forms can be a peak detector.
5. State the condition needed to be satisfied by peak detector for proper operation of circuit.
a) CRd T/10 and CRL 10T
b) CRd 10T and CRL T/10
c) CRd T/10 and CRL 10T
d) CRd 10T and CRL T/10
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For proper operation of the circuit, charging and discharging time constant must
satisfy the following: CRd T/10 and CRL to 10T.
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6. The resistor in the peak detector are used to
a) To maintain proper operation
b) Protect op-amp from damage
c) To get shaped non-sinusoidal waveform
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The resistor is used to protect the op-amp against the excessive discharge current,
especially when the power supply is switched off.
7. How the recovery time of the op-amp is reduced?
a) Diode is connected at the output of amplifier
b) Load resistor
c) Forward biased diode resistor
d) Discharge capacitor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The diode connected at the output of op-amp conducts during negative half cycle of
input voltage. Hence, prevent the op-amp from going into negative saturation. This in turn helps
to reduce the recovery time of the op-amp.
8.how to detect the negative peaks of input signals in the peak detector given below?
a) Reversing D1 diode
b) Reversing D1 and D2 diodes
c) Reversing D2 diode
d) Charging the positions of D1 and D2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The negative peaks of the input signal Vin can be detected by reversing diodes D1
and D2.
9. In the sample and hold circuit, the period during which the voltage across capacitor is equal to
input voltage
a) Sample period
b) Hold period
c) Delay period
d) Charging period
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The time periods of the sample and hold control voltage during which the voltage
across capacitor is equal to the input voltage are called sample period.
10. During which period the op-amps output of sample and hold circuits is processed?
b) Sample and hold period
c) Sample period
d) Hold period
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Hold period is the period during which the voltage across the capacitor is constant
and the output of the op-amp is processed or observed during hold periods.
11. Which IC is mostly preferred for sample and hold circuit?

a) 771
b) IC741
c) LF398
d) 351
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: LF398 have significant reduction in size and improved performance and require
only an external storage capacitor.
12. Sample and hold circuit are used in
a) Analog to Digital modulation
b) Digital to analog modulation
c) Pulse position modulation
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All types of modulation involve taking samples of an input signal and hold on to it
last sample value until the input is sampled.
Which circuit converts irregularly shaped waveform to regular shaped waveforms?
a) Schmitt trigger
b) Voltage limiter
c) Comparator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Schmitt trigger are also called as squaring circuit because, this type of circuit
converts an irregularly shaped wave to a square wave or pulse.
2. Determine the upper and lower threshold voltage
a) VUT = +14.63v, VLT= +14.63v

b) VUT = -14.63v, VLT= -14.63v
c) VUT = VLT= 14.63v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Upper threshold voltage, VUT = [R1/(R1+ R2)] (+Vsat) = [10k/(10k
+250)](+15v)= +14.63v.
Lower threshold voltage VLT = [R1/(R1+ R2)]( -Vsat) = [10k /(10k+250)](-15v)= -14.63v.
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3. What happens if the threshold voltages are made longer than the noise voltages in schmitt
trigger?
a) All the mentioned
b) Enhance the output signal
c) Reduce the transition effect
d) Eliminate false output transition
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In schmitt trigger, if the threshold voltage VUT and VLT are made larger than the
input noise voltage. The positive feedback will eliminate the false output transition.
4. To a schmitt trigger in non-inverting configuration an input triangular wave of 1Vp is applied.
What will be the output waveform, if the upper and lower threshold voltages are 0.25v?
a) Square waveform
b) Pulse waveform
c) Sawtooth waveform
d) Cannot be determined.
View Answer
5. In which configuration a dead band condition occurs in schmitt trigger

a) Differential amplifier with positive feedback
b) Voltage follower with positive feedback
c) Comparator with positive feedback
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The comparator with positive feedback is said to exhibit hysteresis, a dead band
condition, when the input of comparator exceeds upper threshold voltage. At this condition,
output switch from +Vsat to -Vsat. It reverts back to its original state, +Vsat when the input goes
below lower threshold voltage.
6. Calculate the hysteresis voltage for the schmitt trigger from the given specification:
R2 =56k , R1 = 100 ,Vref = 0v & Vsat = 14v.
a) 0 mv
b) 25 mv
c) 50 mv
d) -25 mv
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Upper threshold voltage, VUT =[R1/(R1+R2)]( +Vsat) = [100k/(56k +100
)](+14v)= +25mv.
Lower threshold voltage VLT = [R1/(R1+ R2)](-Vsat) = [100k /(56k+100)](-14v)= -25 mv.
Hysteresis voltage = VUT-VLT = 25-(-25) = 50mv.
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7. How to limit the output voltage swing only to positive direction?
a) Combination of two zener diodes
b) Combination of zener and rectifier diode
c) All of the mentioned
d) Combination of two rectifier diodes

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To limit the output voltage swing to positive or negative direction, the basic op-amp
comparator should be connected with a combination of zener and rectifier diode in the feedback
path.
8. For the circuit shown below, obtain output waveform. Assume zener voltage to be 4.78v and
voltage drop across the forward biased zener to be 0.7v.
View Answer
9. A basic op-amp circuit has a zener and rectifier diode connected in the feedback path.
Calculate the maximum positive voltage. Where, zener voltage = 5.1 v and voltage drop across
the forward biased zener = 0.7v?

a) VO= 5.8v
b) VO= 9.9v
c) VO= 4.7v
d) VO= 7.1v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Initially, rectifier diode will be reverse biased and makes the op-amp to operate in
open loop configuration. So, the output voltage is obtained till the rectifier diode is forward bias
and zener goes into avalanche condition. Hence, the maximum positive output voltage VOz +VD
(VD > voltage drop across rectifier diode).
=> VO= 5.1v+0.7 v= 5.8v.
What is Barkhausen criterion for oscillation?
a) A>1
b) A<1
c) A=1
d) A1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Barkhausen criterion for oscillation is A=1.
Where, A-> gain of amplifier and -> transfer ratio.
2. At what condition the output signal can be continuously obtained from input signal?
a) When the product of input voltage and feedback voltage is equal to 1
b) When the product of amplifier gain and transfer ratio is equal to 1
c) When the product of feedback voltage and transfer ratio is equal to 1
d) When the product of amplifier gain and input voltage is equal to 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When A=1, the feedback signal will be equal to the input signal. At this condition,
the circuit will continue to provide output, even if the external signal is disconnected. This is
because the amplifier cannot distinguish between external signal and signal from the feedback
circuit. Thus, output signal is continuously obtained.
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3. An oscillator is a type of
a) Feedforward amplifier
b) Feedback amplifier
c) Waveform amplifier
d) RC amplifier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An oscillation is a type of feedback amplifier in which a part of output is fed back
to the input via a feedback circuit.
4. Find the basic structure of feedback oscillator.
a)
b)
c)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The above mentioned diagram is the basic structure of feedback oscillator. It
consists of an amplifier, to the external input (vi) is applied and it have a feedback network from
which the feedback signal (vf) is obtained.
5. What is the condition to achieve oscillations?
a) |A|=1
b) A=0o
c) A=multiples of 2
d) All the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the conditions should be simultaneously satisfied to achieve oscillations.
6. What happens if |A|<1
a) Oscillation will die down
b) Oscillation will keep on increasing
c) Oscillation remains constant
d) Oscillation fluctuates
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If |A| becomes less than unity, the feedback signal goes on reducing in each
feedback cycle and oscillation will die down eventually.
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7. How sustained oscillation can be achieved?
a) Maintaining |A| slightly greater than unity
b) Maintaining |A| equal to unity
c) Due to non-linearity of transistor
d) Due to use of feedback network
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When |A| is kept slightly greater than unity the signal, however, cannot go on
increasing and get limited due to non-linearity of the device (that is transistor enters into
saturation). Thus, it is the non-linearity of the transistor because of which the sustained
oscillation can be achieved.
8. Why it is difficult to maintain Barkhausen condition for oscillation?
a) Due to variation in temperature
b) Due to variation in supply voltage
c) Due to variation in components life time
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Barkhausen condition |A|=1 is usually difficult to maintain in the circuit as the
value of A and vary due to temperature variations, aging of components, change of supply
voltage etc.
9. Name the type of noise signal present in the oscillation?
a) Schmitt noise
b) Schottky noise
c) Saturation noise
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Schottky noise is the noise signal always present at the input of the transistor due to
variation in the carrier concentration.
10. A basic feedback oscillator is satisfying the Barkhausen criterion. If the value is given as
0.7072, find the gain of basic amplifier?
a) 2.1216
b) 0.7072
c) 1
d) 1.414
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Barkhausen criterion for oscillation is given as A=1
=> A=1/ = 1/0.7072 = 1.414.
11. The feedback signal of basic sine wave oscillator is given as
a) Vf = A Vo
b) Vf = A Vi
c) Vf = A (Vo/ Vi)
d) Vf = A (Vi/ Vo)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The feedback signal of an oscillator is given as the product of external applied
signal & the loop gain of the system.
=> Vf= A Vi.
12. Express the requirement for oscillation in polar form
a) A =1360o
b) A =190o
c) A =1o
d) A =1270o
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two requirements for oscillation
1. The magnitude of A=1
2. The total phase shift of A=0o or 360o.
Which is not considered as a linear voltage regulator?
a) Fixed output voltage regulator
b) Adjustable output voltage regulator
c) Switching regulator
d) Special regulator
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In linear regulators the impedance of active element may be continuously varied to
supply a desired current to the load. But in the switching regulator, a switch is turned on and off.
2. What is the dropout voltage in a three terminal IC regulator?
a) |Vin| |Vo|+2v
b) |Vin| < |Vo|-2v
c) |V in| = |Vo|
d) |Vin| |Vo|
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The unregulated input voltage must be atleast 2V more than the regulated output
voltage. For example, if Vo=5V, then Vin=7V.
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3. To get a maximum output current, IC regulation are provided with
a) Radiation source
b) Heat sink
c) Peak detector
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The load current may vary from 0 to rated maximum output current. To maintain
this condition, the IC regulator is usually provided with a heat sink; otherwise it may not provide
the rated maximum output current.
4. For the given circuit, let VEB(ON)=1v, = 15 and IO=2mA. Calculate the load current
a) IL = 23.45A
b) IL = 46.32A
c) IL = 56.87A
d) IL = 30.75A
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The equation for load current, IL = [(+1)IO]-[(VEB(ON)/R1)]=[(15+1)2]
[15(1v/12 )] =32-1.25 =30.75A.
5. Which type of regulator is considered more efficient?
b) Special regulator
c) Fixed output regulator
d) Switching regulator
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The switching element dissipates negligible power in either on or off state.
Therefore, the switching regulator is more efficient than the linear regulators.
6. State the reason for thermal shutdown of IC regulator?
a) Spikes in temperature
b) Decrease in temperature
c) Fluctuation in temperature
d) Increase in temperature
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The IC regulator has a temperature sensor (built-in) which turn off the IC, when it
becomes too hot (usually 125oC-150oC). The output current will drop and remains there until the
IC has cooled significantly.
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7. Find the difference between output current having a load of 100 and 120 for 7805 IC
regulator. Consider the following specification: Voltage across the load = 5v; Voltage across the
internal resistor= 350mv.
a) 8.4mA
b) 7mA
c) 9mA
d) 3.4mA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Given the voltage across the internal resistor to be 350mv, which is less than 0.7v.
Hence the transistor in 7805 is off.
When load = 100, IL= IO= Ii= 5v/100 = 50mA
When load=120, IO= 5v/120 = 41.6mA.
So, the difference between the output voltage = 50-41.6mA = 8.4mA.
8. The change in output voltage for the corresponding change in load current in a 7805 IC
regulator is defined as
b) Line regulation
c) Load regulation
d) Input regulation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Load regulation is defined as the change in output voltage for a change in load
current and is also expressed in millivolts or as a percentage of output voltage.
9. An IC 7840 regulator has an output current =180mA and internal resistor =10. Find the
collector current in the output using the transistor specification: =15 and VEB(ON) =1.5v.
a) 270mA
b) 450mA
c) 100mA
d) 50mA
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The collector current from transistor, IC= IB
Where, IB= IO-(VEB(ON)/R1) = 180mA-(1.5v-10) = 0.03A.
Therefore, IC= 150.03 = 0.45A = 450mA.
10. How the average temperature coefficient of output voltage expressed in fixed voltage
regulator?
a) miilivolts/oC
b) miilivoltsoC
c) None of the mentioned
d) oC/ miilivolts
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The temperature stability or average temperature coefficient of output voltage, is
the change in the output voltage per unit change in temperature and expressed in miilivolts/oC.
11. In the circuit given below, let VEB(ON)=0.8v and =16. Calculate the output current coming
from 7805 IC and collector current coming from transistor Q1 for a load of 5.
a) IO =111mA, IC= 808mA

b) IO =111mA, IC= 829mA
c) IO =111mA, IC= 881mA
d) IO =111mA, IC= 889mA
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When load = 5, IL= 5v/5 =1A. The voltage across R1 is 7 1A=7v. Since, IL is
more than 100mA, the transistor Q1 turns on and supplies the extra current required.
Therefore, IL =(+1)IO-[(VEB(ON)/R1)
IO = [IL/(+1)]+ [(VEB(ON)/R1) = [1/(16+1)]+[16(0.8/2)] 111mA.
=> IC=IL-IO=1A-111mA =889mA.
12. Calculate the output voltage for LM314 regulator. The current IADJ is very small in the order
of 100A. (Assume VREF=1.25v)
a) 17.17v
b) 34.25v
c) 89.34v
d) 23.12v
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The output voltage, VO =VREF[1=(R2/R1)]+(IADJR2)=1.25Vin [1+(3k/240)] +
( 100A3k )= 16.875 +0.3.
=> VO=17.17v.
13. Compute the input voltage of 7805c voltage regulator with a current source that will deliver a
0.725A current to 65, 10w load. (Assume reference voltage =5v)
a) Vin = 84v
b) Vin = 34v
c) Vin = 54v
d) Vin = 64v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: VO=VREF+VL =VREF+(ILRL) = 5v+(0.725A65) = 52.125v
=> Input voltage, Vin = VO + dropout voltage = 52.125v+2v.
=> Vin 54v.
14. Which of the following is not a characteristic of adjustable voltage regulators?
a) Non-versatile
b) Better performance
c) Increased reliability
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Adjustable voltage regulators are versatile; it has improved over-load protection
allowing greater output current over operating temperature range.
Find out the resolution of 8 bit DAC/ADC?

a) 562
b) 625
c) 256
d) 265
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The resolution is the value of LSB
Resolution =2n, where n-> number of bits
Resolution =28=256 possible output values.
2. Non-linearity in the output of converter is expressed in
b) Percentage of reference voltage
c) Percentage of resolution
d) Percentage of full scale voltage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Non-linearity is the measure of deviation of actual output () from the ideal straight
line output (). Therefore, it is expressed as percentage of full scale voltage (/).
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3. A binary input 000 is fed to a 3bit DAC/ADC. The resultant output is 101. Find the type of
error?
a) Settling error
b) Gain error
c) Offset error
d) Linearity error
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Offset error implies that the output of the DAC is not zero when the binary inputs
are all zero.
4. How many equal intervals are present in a 14-bit D-A converter?
a) 16383
b) 4095
c) 65535
d) 1023
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A 14-bit D-A converter has 2n-1 equal interval =214-1=16384-1=16383.
5. Resolution of a 6 bit DAC can be stated as

b) 6-bit resolution
c) Resolution of 1.568% of full scale
d) Resolution of 1 part in 63
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Resolution of 6 bit DAC =VFS% /(2n-1) =(VFS100)/(26-1) = 1.588% of VFS and the
number of interval is 26-1=63.
=> Thus, resolution of a 6 bit DAC can be stated as a resolution of 1 part in 63.
6. Find the resolution of a 10-bit AD converter for an input range of 10v?
a) 97.7mv
b) 9.77mv
c) 0.977mv
d) 977mv
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Resolution (in volts) VFS /(2n -1)= 10 /(210 -1) =10/1023 =9.77mv.
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7. A good converter exhibits a linearity error
a) Less than or equal to (1/2)LSB
b) Greater than equal to (1/2)LSB
c) Greater than or equal to (1/2)LSB
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A good converter exhibits a linearity error of less than (1/2)LSB.
8. The maximum deviation between actual and ideal converter output after the removal of error
is
a) Absolute accuracy
b) Relative accuracy
c) Relative /absolute accuracy
d) Linearity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Relative accuracy is the maximum deviation after gain and offset error has been
removed.
9. A monotonic DAC is one whose analog output increases for

a) Decreases in digital input
b) An increases in analog input
c) An increases in digital input
d) Decreases in analog input
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In a DAC, the analog input is converted into digital output. So, a monotonic DAC
increases its analog output with increase in its digital output. For example, if the output decreases
when input code change from 001 to 010, it is said to be a non-monotonic DAC.
10. All the commercially available DAC are
a) Monotonic
b) Non-monotonic
c) Either monotonic or non-monotonic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the commercially available DACs are monotonic because the linearity error
never exceeds (1/2) LSB at each output level.
11. The time taken for the output to settle within a specified band of its final value is referred as
a) Conversion time
b) Settling time
c) Take off time
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Settling time represents the time taken for the output to settle within a specified
band (1/2) LSB of its final value following a code change at the input (usually a full scale
change).
At what condition the digital to analog conversion is made?
a) Va > Vd
b) Va Vd
c) Va Vd
d) Va Vd
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When Va < Vd, the output of the comparator becomes low and the AND gate is
disabled. This stops the counting at that time and the digital output of the counter represents the
analog input voltage.
he Integrating type converters are used in
a) Digital meter
b) Panel meter
c) Monitoring system
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Integrating type converters are used in application such as digital meter, panel
meter and monitoring system where the conversion accuracy is critical.
4. In integrating type ADCs, the
a) Input voltage is proportional to input averaged over the integration period
b) Output voltage is proportional to input averaged over the integration period
c) Output voltage is proportional to sum of input voltage
d) Input voltage is proportional to sum of input voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the integrating type ADC do not require sample and hold circuit at the input.
The change in input during conversion will not affect the output code and is proportional to the
value of the input averaged over the integration period.
5. Which type of ADC is chosen for noisy environment?
a) Successive approximation ADC
b) Dual slope
c) Charge balancing ADC
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The main advantage of these converters is that it is possible to transmit frequency
even in noisy environment or in isolated form.
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6. How to overcome the drawback of the charge balancing ADC?
a) By using precision integrator
b) By using Voltage to frequency converter
c) By using voltage comparator
d) By using dual slope converter
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Charge balancing ADC depend up on RC product whose value cannot be easily
maintained with temperature and time. This is eliminated using dual slope ADC as it is
independent of R, C and T.
7. Which among the following has long conversion time?
a) Servo converter
b) Dual ramp converter
c) Flash converter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The main disadvantage of dual slope ADC is the long conversion time. For
instance, if 2n-T=1/50 is used to reject line pick-up, the conversion time will be 20ms.
8. In which application dual slop converter are used.
a) Thermocouple
c) Weighting scale
d) Digital panel meter
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Dual slope converters are particularly suitable for accurate measurement of slow
varying signals.
9. A dual slope has the following specifications:
16bit counter; Clock rate =4 MHz; Input voltage=12v; Output voltage =-7v and
Capacitor=0.47F.
If the counters have cycled through 2n counts, determine the value of resistor in the integrator.
a) 60k
b) 50k
c) 120k
d) 100k
View Answer
10. A 12 bit dual ramp generation has a maximum output voltage of +12v. Compute the
equivalent digital number for the analog signal of +6v.
a) 1000000000
b) 10000000000
c) 1000000000000
d) 100000000000
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: since Va =VR (N/2n) so the digital count N= 2n(Va/VR)
N= 212(6/12v) = 40960.5 =2048.
Binary equivalent for 2048 => 100000000000.
For the given circuit find the output voltage?
a) -5.625v
b) -3.50v
c) -4.375v
d) -3.125v
View Answer
2. Which type of switches are not preferable for a simple weighted resistor DAC?
a) Bipolar Transistor
b) Voltage switches
c) MOSFET
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Bipolar transistor does not perform well as voltage switches and MOSFET, due to
the inherent offset voltage when in saturation.
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3. The inverted R-2R ladder can also be operated in
a) Inverted mode
b) Current Mode
c) Voltage mode
d) Non inverted mode
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The inverted mode R-2R ladder circuit works on the principle of summing current.
Therefore, it is said to operate in current mode.
4. Which of among the following circuit is considered to be linear?
a) Weighted Resistor type DAC
b) R-2R ladder type DAC
c) Inverter R-2R ladder DAC
View Answer
5. Multiplying DAC uses
a) Varying reference voltage
b) Varying input voltage
c) Constant reference voltage
d) Constant input voltage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A digital to analog converter which uses a varying reference voltage is called a
multiplying D-A converter.
6. Calculate the value of LSB and MSB of a 12-bit DAC for 10v?
a) LSB =7.8mv, MSB =5v
b) LSB =9.3mv, MSB =5v
c) LSB =14.3mv, MSB =5v
d) LSB =2.4mv, MSB =5v

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: LSB=1/2n=1/212=1/4096.
For 10v range, LSB =10v/4096=2.4mv and MSB = (1/2)full scale =(1/2)10v =5v.
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7. A multiplying DAC is given a reference voltage VR = Vom cos2ft. Determine the output
voltage?
a) Vo(t) = Vom sin(2ft+180o)
b) Vo(t) = Vom cos(2ft+180o)
c) Vo(t) = Vom tan(2ft+180o)
d) Vo(t) = Vom sec(2ft+180o)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Vo(t) = Vom cos2ft+180o. The 180ophase shift is added, since the VR is connected to
inverting input terminal and Vom = 0v to (1-2-n)Vim depends on the input code.
8. Multiplying digital to analog converters are used in
b) Digitally programmable filter
c) Digitally programmable oscillator
d) Digitally controlled audio attenuator
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In multiplying DAC, the output voltage is a fraction of the voltage representing the
input digital code and the attenuator setting can be controlled by digital logic.
9. A 10-bit D/A converter have an output range from 0-9v. Calculate the output voltage produced
when the input binary number is 1110001010.
a) 7.96v
b) -7.96v
c) 7.96v
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Vo=9v[(11/2)+ (11/22) +(11/23)+(01/24)+(01/25)+
(01/26)+(11/27)+(01/28)+(11/29)+( 01/210)]
=9v(0.5+0.25+0+0.125+7.812510-3+1.95 10-3) =9v0.8547 =7.96v.
10. The basic step of a 8-bit DAC is 12.4mv.If the binary input 00000000 represents 0v.
Determine the output, if the input is 101101111?
a) 1.36v
b) 2.27v
c) 5.45v
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output voltage for input 10110111 = 12.4mv [(127)+(026) + (125) + (124)
+ (023)+ (122) +(121)+ (120)] = 12.4 (128+32+16+4+2+1) =12.4mv183=2.27v.
. Express the output voltage of digital to analog converter?
a) Vo =KVFS(d12-1+d22-2+.dn2-n)
b) Vo =VFS/k(d12-1+d22-2+.dn2-n)
c) Vo =VFS(d12-1+d22-2+.dn2-n)
d) Vo =K(d12-1+d22-2+.dn2-n)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The input is an n-bit binary word D and is combined with the reference voltage VR
to give on analog output signal. Mathematically it is described as
Vo =KVFS(d12-1+d22-2+.dn2-n) where, K -scaling factor, VFS-full scale output voltage.
2. Why the switches used in weighted resistor DAC are of single pole double throw (SPDT)
type?
a) To connect the resistance to reference voltage
b) To connect the resistance to ground
c) To connect the resistance to either reference voltage or ground
d) To connect the resistance to output
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: SPDT are electronic switches controlled by a binary word. If the binary input to a
switch is 1, it connects the resistance to the reference voltage and if the input is 0, the switch
connects the resistor to ground.
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3. Determine the output current for an n-bit weighted resistor DAC?
a) (VR/R ) (do/2 +d1/22 + dn/2n)
b) (VR/R ) (d1/21 +d2/22 + dn/2n)
c) (VR/R ) (d02/2 +d12/22 + dn2/2n)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The output current, Io= I1+I2+.In
Io= (VR/2R )(d1) +(VR/22R) (d2) .+(VR/2nR )(dn)

Io =(VR/R) (d1/21 +d2/22 + dn/2n).
4. In a D-A converter with binary weighted resistor, a desired step size can be obtained by
a) Selecting proper value of VFS
b) Selecting proper value of R
c) Selecting proper value of RF
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The size of the steps depends on the value of RF, provided that the maximum output
voltage does not exceed the saturation level of an op-amp.
5. Determine the Full scale output in a 8-bit DAC for 0-15v range?
a) Full scale output=15.1v
b) Full scale output=15.2v
c) Full scale output=14.5v
d) Full scale output=14.94v
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Full scale output = (Full scale voltage -LSB)
= [15v-(15v/28)] = (15v-0.0586) = 14.94v.
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6. Pick out the incorrect statement In a 3 bit weighted resistor DAC
a) Although the op-amp is connected in inverting mode, it can also be connected in non-inverting
mode
b) The op-amp simply work as a current to voltage converter
c) The polarity of the reference voltage is chosen in accordance with the input voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The polarity of the reference voltage is accordance with the type of the switch used.
For example, in TTL switches, the reference voltage should be +5v and the output will be
negative.
7. What is the disadvantage of binary weighted type DAC?
a) Require wide range of resistors
b) High operating frequency
c) High power consumption
d) Slow switching
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For better resolution of output, the input binary word length has to be increased. As
the number of bit increases, the range of resistance value increases.
8. The smallest resistor in a 12 bit weighted resistor DAC is 2.5k, what will be the largest
resistor value?
a) 40.96M
b) 10.24M
c) 61.44 M
d) 18.43M
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The largest resistor value for 12-bit DAC= 2nR = 2122.5k = 40962.5k
=10.24M.
9. CMOS inverter is used as SPDT switch in resistor DAC and is connected to the op-amp line.
Find the output of CMOS, if the input applied is 1
a) Resistance is connected to ground
b) Resistance is connected to input line
c) Resistance is connected to bit line
View Answer
10. How to overcome the limitation of binary weighted resistor type DAC?
a) Using R-2R ladder type DAC
b) Multiplying DACs
c) Using monolithic DAC
d) Using hybrid DAC
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Usage wide range of resistors is the limitation of binary weighted resistor type
DAC, this can be avoided by using R-2R ladder type DAC Where only two value of resistor are
required.
11. Find output voltage equation for 3 bit DAC converter with R and 2R resistor?
a) Vo= -RF [(b2/8R) +(b1/4R) +(b0/2R)]
b) Vo= -RF [(b2/R) +(b1/2R) +(b0/4R)]
c) Vo= -RF [(b2/2R)+(b1/4R) +(b0/8R)]
d) Vo= -RF [(b0/4R)+(b1/2R) +(b2/R)]
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output voltage corresponding to all possible combination of binary input in a 3-
bit R-2R DAC is given as

Vo=-RF [(b2/2R) +(b1/4R) +(b0/8R)].

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1.

Determine the output from the following circuit

a) 180o in phase with input signal

d) None of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

b) Digital to analog converter

d) All of the mentioned

a) When Green LED glow

a) RIF = 66M, ROF = 30

c) Vin=9v and Vout = 9v

a) fF = 1000hz, VooT = 7.5v.

b) Use coupling capacitor

6. Find out AC-coupled voltage follower?

6. Find out AC-coupled voltage follower?

3. Find the value of V1 in the circuit shown below?

a) None of the mentioned

d) -Vn (non-inverting terminal)+ Vn (inverting terminal)

4. In which type of amplifier, the input voltage is amplified by a scaling factor

a) VO = -0.985v ; RoM = 111.11

Voltage gain and Input resistance

a) 1-i , 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-ii

RC = (14.3v 2.4v)/1.83mA = 6.5k

d) Greater than one

7. Select the specifications that implies the inverting amplifier?

d) Output reaches both positive and negative saturation.

Answer & Explanation

Which is not the internal circuit of operational amplifier?

2. Find the thevenins equivalent for resistance and voltage?

a) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-1

3. What is done to compensate the voltage, when V1 > V2?

a) Move the wiper towards +Vcc

a) Vio = (Rb*Vmax)/( Rmax+ Rb+ Rc)

8. Calculate ROM, if the value of IB1 = IB2 in the given circuit.

d) All of the mentioned

5. Find out the input offset current from the circuit

d) None of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned.

b) Band step filter

high pass filter.

b) fc= (fh +fL)

=> 2Q2 =2(32) =18.

8. Find the output of inverting amplifier?

d) Output reaches both positive and negative saturation.

5. The gain of the first order low pass filter

What is the function of low pass filter in phase-locked loop?

d) Decreases from the outermost compensated curve to the innermost

5. From the circuit given, find the value of output frequency?

9. Which filter is used in VCO?

a) 1-i 2-iii 3-ii

b) Connect Voltage follower at the output

5. Determine the output triangular waveform for the circuit.

= (-10k/40k) 15v =-3.75v

Rise time =fall time (Triangular wave)

Longer fall time and short rise time (Sawtooth wave)

Longer rise time and short fall time (Sawtooth wave)

a) Output waveform below -Vref will be clipped off

5. Find the output waveform for when Vin < Vref

c) Ci=33F and Rd=10k

2. Find monostable vibrator circuit using 555 timer.

9. How does a monostable multivibrator used as frequency divider?

a) Frequency modulated wave form

c) Negative clipper with two diodes

3. Determine the output waveform for the circuit