Assignment # 4

1. Nagal. Page 98
a) Q2
Step1: diagram of the system
Variable: t, C (t), m (t)

0.25kg/L, 6L/min

6L / min C 0.03kg / L
Parameter:
in
in

50L, 0.5kg salt

out 6L / min

(0) 50 L
0.5
C (0)
0.01kg / L
m(0) 0.5kg
50

6L/min, C (t)

Step2: physical law, mass conservation

dm
Mathematical expression:
m in m out
dt
Set up ODE fro C (t)

C 6 0.05 0.3kg / L
m in
in
in

C 6 C 6Ckg / L
m out
out
out

)t 50 (6 6)t 50
(0) (
in
out
m C 50C
dm
dC
50
dt
dt
dC
50
0.3 6C
dt
dC
Standard from:
0.12C 0.006
dt

Step3: solve the ODE for C (t)

Using the 1st order ODE formula

p ( x ) dx

0.12 dt

p (t ) 0.12 ,

q (t ) 0.006

e 0.12t

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
C (t ) e
[ e
q (t ) dt A]

e 0.12t [ e

012 t

0.006 dt A] 0.05 Ae 0.12t

Apply initial condition C(0)=0.01 to find A

0.01 0.05 Ae 0.120 A 0.04

0.12 t
Final solution: C 0.05 0.04 e
0.12 t
) 50
Mass of salt: m(t ) C (t ) (0.05 0.04e

m(t ) 2.5 2e 0.12t

Step 4: Application --- find t for C = 0.03 kg/L

C (t ) 0.05 0.04e 0.12t

If C (t) =0.03

then

1
2 5.77 min
t
0.12
ln

0.03 0.05 0.04e 0.12 t

b) Q4

0.2kg/L, 4L/min
Step1: diagram of the system
Variable: t, C(t), m(t)

4L / min C 0.2kg / L
Parameter:
in
in

500L,

3L / min C C (t )

out
out
(0) 100 L C (0) 0
Find m(t)

t=?

C=0.1kg/L

Step2: physical law, mass conservation

dm
m in m out
Mathematical expression:
dt

)t 100 (4 3)t 100 t
(0) (
in
out

m C (100 t )C
dm
dC
(100 t )
C
dt
dt

C 4 0.2 0.8kg / L
m in
in
in
C 3C
m out
out
out

3L/min, C

dC
C 0.8 3C
dt
dC 0.8 4C
Standard from:

dt
100 t

(100 t )

Step3: solve by separable method

dC
dt
0.8 4C 100 t
1
ln(0.8 4C ) ln(100 t ) A 0.8 4C A(100 t ) 4
4
C

0.8 A(100 t ) 4
0.2 A(100 t ) 4
4

Apply initial condition to find A

4
4
C (0) 0 0 0.2 A(100 t ) A 0.2 100

4
Final solution: C 0.2 A(100 t )

0.2 0.2(

100 4
)
100 t

m ( t ) C ( t ) [ 0 .2 0 .2 (

Step 4: Application --- t=?

0.1 0.2 0.2(

c)

100 4
) ] (100 t )
100 t

C = 0.1

100 4
100
) t 4
100 18.92 min
100 t
0.5

0.2 g / cm3 , 3cm3 / s

Q8

(1) Diagram
t, C(t) --- drag concentration

3cm 3 / s , C 0.2 g / cm 3

in
in
out 3cm 3 / s C C (t )

out
C (0) 0 (0) 125cm 3
Find t =?

C=0.1g/ cm3

125cm3

3cm3 / s , c

(2):

mass conservation:

dm
m in m out
dt

)t 125 (3 3)t 125
(0) (
in
out

(Constant volume)

m C 125C
dm
dC
125
dt
dt

C 0.6kg / L
m in
in
in
C 3Cg / s
m out
out
out
dC
0.6 3C
dt
3
3
dC
Standard from:

C
675
dt 125

ODE: 125

(3): solve the ODE for C (t)

p (t )

Using the 1st order ODE formula

3

3
,
125

q (t )

3
675

t
p ( x ) dx
dt
e
e 125 e125

General solution C (t ) e

3
t
125

[ e

0.2 Ae

3
t
125

p ( t ) dt

[ e

p ( t ) dt

q (t )dt A]

3
dt A]
675

3
t
125

Determine A by initial condition C (0) =0

0 0.2 Ae 0 0.2 A A 0.2

Final solution: C 0.2 0.2e

3
t
125

0.2(1 e

3
t
125

(4): find t when C = 0.1

Apply: 0.1 0.2(1 e

3
t
125

) t

125
ln 0.5 28.88 sec
3

2. Page 107
a) Q4
(1) Diagram
t T(t)

T (0) =10C, Tatm 23 C

10C

23C

T = 15C

t = 10

Find t =? T = 18C

(2): energy conservation:

dT
1

(Qin Qout )
dt mC p

Q in hAT hA(Tatm T )
Q out 0
dT
hA

(Tatm T ) K (23 T )
dt mC p

Standard from:

dT
KT 23K
dt

(3): solve by formula

p (t ) K ,

p ( t ) dt

q (t ) 23 K

Kdt

e Kt

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: T e

Kt

e Kt [ e 23Kdt C ]
23 Ce Kt
Need to determine K and C
0
T (0) =10 10 23 Ce 23 C C 13

T 23 13e Kt
T (0) 15 15 23 13e

Final solution: T 23 13 e 0.049 t

K 10

ln 8
13 0.049
k
10

(4): t =? T= 18

18 23 13e 0.049 t k

ln 5
13 19.5 min
0.049

b) Q7
(1) Diagram
t T(t)

T (0) =24C, Tatm 35 C

(2): energy conservation:

24C

23C

1
dT
(Q in Q out )

dt mC p

Q in hA(Tatm T ) hA(35 T )

Q out 0
ODE:

dT
hA

(35 T ) K (35 T )
dt mC p

Standard from:

dT
KT 35K
dt

1
1
--- Time constant = 4hr k 0.25 1
hr
K
4
dT
0.25T 8.75
dt
(3): solve by formula

p (t ) 0.25 ,

p ( t ) dt

q (t ) 8.75
0.25 dt

e 0.25t

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: T e

e 0.25t [ e

0.25 t

8.75 Kdt C ]

35 Ce 0 .25 t
Apply initial condition for C
0
T (0) =24 24 35 Ce 35 C C 11

 0 .25 t
Final solution: T 35 11e

(4): Application:

t (2 pm 12 pm) 2hr

T =?

t (6 pm 12 pm) 6hr

T =?

T =27C

t =?

0 .25 2
28 .3 C
t =2, T 35 11e
0 .25 6
32 .5 C
t =6, T 35 11e
0 .25 t
28 .3
t =?, T =27 27 35 11e

t 4 ln

8
1 .27 hr
11

Time is 1.27+12pm=1.27pm

c) Q6
(1) Diagram
t T(t)

21C

T (0) =21C, T 12C

1
3
K

1
3

Q
12C

Find t =? T =16C
1
If 2 t =? T =16C
K
(2): energy conservation:

dT
hA
1

(T T ) K (T 12 ) (T 12 )
dt
mC p
3
Standard from:

dT 1
T 4
dt 3

1
,
3

(3): solve by formula, where p (t )

1

q (t ) 4

t
p ( t ) dt
dt
e
e 3 e3
p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: T e

1
t
3

[ e 3 4 Kdt C ]

12 Ce

1
t
3

Find C by initial condition

0
Apply T (0) =21 T (0) 12 Ce 12 C 21 C 9

Final solution: T 12 9 e

(4):

1
t
3

for K

Application:
(a) t =? T =16C

T ( t ) 16 12 9 e
t1 3 ln
(b)

1
t1
3

4
2.43hr
9

1
1
2 K
K
2

Final solution: T 12 9 e
Apply:

1
t
2

T (t 2 ) 16 12 9 e

t 2 ln

T =16C

t =?

1
t2
2

4
( 2 ) 1 .62 hr
9

1
3

3. Page 115
a) Q1
(1) Diagram
t V(t) y(t)
y (0) =1000m,
(2):

Fd
y
m=5kg

b=50N.S/m

100m

momentum conservation:
dV
m
F Fg Fd
dt

Fg

Fg mg 5 g

Fd bV 50V
dV
mg bV
dt
dV
5
5 g 50V
dt
dV
Standard from:
10V g
dt

ODE: m

(3): solve by formula, where

p (t ) 10 ,

p ( t ) dt

q (t ) g

10 dt

e10t

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: V e

10 t

e 10t [ e gdt C ]
0 . 1 g Ce 10 t
Find C by initial condition t =0, V =0
Apply I.C

0 0.1g Ce 0 0.1g C 21 C 0.1g

10 t
0 .1g (1 e 10 t )
Final solution: V 0 .1g 0 .1ge

(4):

Apply Vterrminal

t V Vter min al lim 0 .1g (1 e 10 t ) 0 .1g

t

b) Q9
(1) Diagram

Fd

t V(t)

Fb

m g
Find

Fb

1
Fg
40

Fd 10V

Fg=mg

V(t)

V 70 m / s
(2) Physis law: momentum conservation:
1
39
dV
m
Fg Fb Fd mg
mg 10V
mg 10V
dt
40
40
dV 10
39
Standard from:
V
g
dt m
40
dV
0.1V 0.975 g
dt
T =?

(3): solve by formula, where

p (t ) 0 .1 ,

p ( t ) dt

q (t ) 0.975 g

0.1dt

e 0.1t

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: V e

e 0.1t [ e

0.1t

0.975 gdt C ]

9 . 75 g Ce 0 .1t
Find C by initial condition t =0, V =0
Apply I.C

V (0) 9.75 g Ce 0 0 C 9.75 g

0 .1t
9 .75 g (1 e 0.1t )
Final solution: V 9 .75 g 9 .75 e

(4): Apply t =? V=70m/s

Pick g=9.8N/kg

V (t ) 70 9 .75 9 .8(1 e 0.1t )

t 13.19 s

1
Fg
40

30m

c) Q10
(1) Diagram
t V(t)
m=2kg
H=30m (above water)
1
Fb F g
2
(air)
b1 =10 NS/m
b2 =100 NS/m (water)
Find V (t)

and

Fb
Fd

Fg

V (1 min) V ( 60 s )

(2) Momentum conservation:

m

mg 0 b1V
dV
F Fg Fb Fd
1
mg mg b2V
dt
2

g 5V
dV
Standard from:
1
g 50V
dt
2
dV
0.1V 0.975 g
dt

(3):

(1)
( 2)

solve (1) and (2) with different I.C.

I.C. for (1): t=0
V (0) =0
I.C. for (2): time to reach water level t1
V (t1) is from the solution of (1)
Solution for (1)
Rewrite:

dV
g 5V
dt

dV
5V g
dt

Formula: p (t ) 5

q (t ) g

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
V e
[ e
q (t )dt C ]

5t
5t
e [ e gdt C ]

0 . 2 g Ce 5 t
Apply I.C for C

V (0) 0.2 g Ce 0 0 C 0.2 g

(in
(in

air )

water )

( Fb 0 )
1
( Fb Fg )
2

 5t
Final solution: V 0 .2 g (1 e )

When to reach water level?

The distance that object travels, y (t ) V (t )dt

y (t ) 0.2 g (1 e 5t )dt 0.2 gt 0.04 ge 5t C

Pick g =10 N/kg
y (t ) 2t 0.4e 5t C
Find C by t=0, y(0)=0

0 2 . 0 0 .4 e 0 C 0 .4 C

C 0 .4

So final solution for y(t) in air

y (t ) 2t 0.4(e 5t 1)
So, when the object reaches water level where y=30
30 2t 0.4(e 5t 1)

76 5t e 5t

By sketching (or using excel)

t=15.2 s, the above equation is satisfied, which means at t=15.2 s,
the object reaches water level, y(15.2)=30m.
V( t 15.2 ) 0.2 g (1 e 5t ) 0.2 10(1 e 5t ) 2m / s

Solve (2):

dV 1
g 50V (pick g=10)
dt
2
dV
50V 5
dt

Formula: p (t ) 50

q (t ) 5

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
V e
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
50 dt
50 tdt
e [ e 5dt C ]

0 . 1 Ce 50 t
Apply I.C. for (2), which is V (15.2) =2

2 0 . 1 Ce 50 15 .2

C 1 . 9 e 50 15 .2

Final solution for V (t)

V 0 . 1 1 . 9 e 50 15 .2 e 50 t 0 . 1 1 . 9 e 50 ( t 15 .2 )
y (t ) V (t )dt [0.1 1.9e 50(t 15.2 ) ]dt 0.1t 0.038e 50( t 15.2 ) C

Apply initial condition for y (t) in water

Y (15.2) =30 to determine C

30 0.1 15.2 0.038e 50(t 15.2 ) C

C 30 0.1 15.2 0.038
Final solution for y (t)

y (t ) 0.1t 0.038e 50(t 15.2 ) 30 0.1 15.2 0.038

30 0.1(t 15.2) 0.038[1 e 50( t 15.2 ) ]

(4): Application: t =60s, V=?

When t <15.2 s, the object is in air
So, t=60 s, the object in water.
Use the solution for (2)

V ( 60 ) 0 .1 1 .9 e 50 ( 60 15 .2 ) 0 .1 1 .9 0 0 .1m / s

4. Page 122
E=5cos (120t)
a) Q1
(1) Diagram
t I(t)
R 50
L=0.05 H
I(0)=1 A E =5cos(120t)
Find

I(t),

R 50
I(0)=1 A
L=0.05 H

V inductor

(2) Kirchoffs voltage law: (current is the same everywhere in a circuit)

dI
dI
RI L
E
5 I 0 .05
5 cos( 120 t )
dt
dt
dI
Standard from:
100 I 100 cos(120t )
dt
(3): solve by formula, where

p (t ) 100 ,

p ( t ) dt

q (t ) 100 cos(120t )
100 dt

e100t

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
[ e
q (t )dt C ]
General solution: I e

100 t

e 100 t [ e
e 100t [100

100 cos(120t )dt C ]

e100t [100 cos(120t ) 120 sin(120t )]

C]
100 2 120 2

1
[100 cos( 120 t ) 120 sin( 120 t )] Ce 100 t
244

Apply I.C: I(0)=1

1
1
[100 cos( 0 ) 120 sin( 0 )] Ce 0
[100 0 ] C
244
244

C 0.59

Final solution: I

1
[100 cos( 120 t ) 120 sin( 120 t )] 0 .59 e 100 t
244

V inductor

(4): Application:

V inductor L

dI
1

[14400 cos( 120 t ) 1200 sin( 120 t )] 59 e 100 t

dt 244

E=sin (100t)
b) Q2
(1) Diagram

t I(t)

R 1
V R

R 1

VC

C 10 6 F
C 10 6 F

E =sin(100t)

VC -initial =0
Find:

I (t),

V R

VC

(2) Kirchoffs voltage law:

1
RI Idt E
C
Substitute values

I 10 6 Idt sin( 100 t )

Take derivative of the above equation to get rid of integration sign
dI
10 6 I 100 cos( 100 t )
dt
(3): solve by formula, where

p (t ) 10 6 ,

q (t ) 100 cos(100t )

p ( t ) dt
p ( t ) dt
I e
[ e
q (t )dt C ]

106 t

e 10 t [ e
6

100 cos(100t ) dt C ]

e10 t [10 6 cos(100t ) 100 sin(100t )]

[100
C]
(10 6 ) 2 100 2
6

10 6 t

10 4 cos( 100 t ) 10 8 sin( 100 t ) Ce 10

I.C.:

VC =0

no current passing through, I=0

Apply I.C.

0 10 4 cos( 0 ) 10 8 sin( 0 ) Ce 0 C 10 4
Final solution: I 10

cos( 100 t ) 10 8 sin( 100 t ) 10 4 e 10

V R RI 10 4 cos( 100 t ) 10 8 sin( 100 t ) 10 4 e 10

Vc

6
1
1
1
1
1
Idt 6 [10 4
sin( 100 t ) 10 8
cos( 100 t ) 10 4 6 e 10 t ]

100
100
C
10
10

sin( 100 t ) 10 4 cos( 100 t ) 10 4 e 10 t ]

6