Solution of ME203 Assignment #5

1. (a) Page 177, Q2 : y + y = 0

(1) introduce : V = y
(2) Substitute into ODE:
Recognize:

V '+ y = 0

( 3 variable reduce t 2)

dV
dV
=V
dy
dx

ODE becomes V

dV
+y=0
dy

(3) Solve for V

VdV = ydy
1
1
V 2 = A y2
2
2
V = A y2
V=

dy
dx

V =

From the condition y > 0

V > 0

A y2

(4) Solve for y

V=

dy
=
dx

A y2

From integral table

Rewrite equation (1):

dy

A y

= dx

dy

x
= sin 1 ( )
a
a2 y2

dy
A2 y 2

= dx

(1)

y
sin( ) = x + B
A
y = A sin( x + B )

___ General solution

y + 9 y = 0

(b) Q24

y (0) = 1

y (0) = 1

or

V = A 9y2

(1) V = y
(2) V
(3)

dV
+ 9y = 0
dy

VdV = 9 ydy
1
9
V 2 = A y2
2
2
Q y (0) = 1 > 0

V =
(4) V =

1
3

V > 0

A 9y2 =

dy
=
dx

A2 9 y 2

dy
A 9y2
2

d (3 y )
A (3 y )
2

A2 9 y 2

= dx
= dx

1
3y
arcsin
= x+B
3
A
3y
= sin(3 x + B )
A
y = A sin( 3 x + B )

Apply I.C. to determine A&B

y (0) = A sin( B ) = 1

(1)

y = A cos(3 x + B ) 3
y (0) = 3 A cos( B ) = 1

A cos( B ) =

tan( B ) = 3

(1)/ (2)

Then A =

1
3

(2)

B = 1.249 rad

1
= 1.054
sin B

Final solution: y = 1.054 sin( 3 x + 1.249 )

(c) Q31 (a)

y + 16 y = 0

y (0) = 0

(2) V = y
(2) V
(3)

dV
+ 16 y = 0
dy

VdV = 16 ydy
1
V 2 = A 8y2
2

V = A 16 y 2
Q y (0) = 1 > 0 and

V =

A 16 y 2

V=

dy
dx

y (0) = 1

(4) V =

dy
=
dx
dy

= dx

A 16 y 2

Rewrite:

sin 1

A 16 y 2

1
4

d (4 y )
A 2 (4 y ) 2

= x+B

4y
= 4( x + B )
A

y = A sin( 4 x + B )
Apply I.C.

y (0) = A sin( 0 + B ) = 0

A=0
{
or
sin B = 0

If A=0, then y ( x ) = 0 and y ( x ) = 0

However, y (0) = 1 y ( x) 0 A 0
Then sin B = 0 B = n

n = 0,1

From the problem statement 0 < B < B = 0

Now

y = A sin( 4 x )
y = 4 A cos( 4 x )

I.C.:

y (0) = 4 A cos( 0) = 4 A = 1

Final solution: y =

1
sin( 4 x )
4

A = 1/ 4

y + 3 y = 9

(d) Page 186 Q9

(1)

V = y

(2) V

dV
+ 3 y = 9
dy

VdV = (9 3 y )dy

(3)

1 2
3
V = 9 y y 2 + A
2
2
V = A 18 y 3 y 2
From I.C.: y (0) = 1

V =
(4) V =

V =

A 18 y 3 y 2

dy
=
dx

A 18 y 3 y 2
dy

dy
>0
dx

= dx

A 18 y 3 y 2

From the table

---- (1)

dy

x
= sin 1 ( )
a
a2 y2

Try to manipulate equation (1) to the same format as that in table

dy
A ( y 2 + 6 y + 9)
2

arcsin(

d ( y + 3)
A 2 ( y + 3) 2

= dx

= 3dx

y+3
) = 3x + B
A

y + 3 = A sin( 3 x + B )

y = A sin( 3 x + B ) 3

Apply I.C. y (0) = A sin( B ) 3 = 1

A sin B = 4

y = 3 A cos( 3 x + B )

y (0) = 3 A cos( B ) = 1
tan B = 4 3
A=

A cos B =

1
3

B = 1.427

4
4
=
= 4.041
sin B sin(1.427 )

Final solution: y = 4.041sin( 3 x + 1.427 ) 3

2. Nagal page 159 Q3

ODE: y + y = 0
(1)

y (0) = 0

y (0) = 1

Check y1 = sin t

y1 = sin t

y1 = cos t

Sub into ODE: sin t + sin t = 0

y1 (0) = sin(0) = 0

Satisfy the ODE and I.C.

y1 = cos(0) = 1
(2)

Yes, y1 is a solution.
Find the missing solution

y 2 = Vy1 = V sin t
y 2 = V sin t + V cos t
y 2 = V sin t + V cos t + V cos t V sin t

Sub into ODE

V sin t + 2V cos t V sin t + V sin t = 0

V + 2V cot(t ) = 0

= V
(1) = V
Sub into ODE:
+ 2 cot(t ) = 0

= 2 cot(t ) dt

ln = 2 ln sin(t ) + A

= A csc 2 t
V = d = A csc 2 tdt = A cot(t ) + B
Drop constant in V: V = cot(t )

y 2 = Vy1 = cot(t ) sin t = cos(t )

General solution: y g = C1 y1 + C 2 y 2 = C1 sin t + C 2 cos t

Apply I.C.: y (0) = C1 sin( 0) + C 2 cos( 0) = C 2 = 0

y = C1 cos t C 2 sin t
y (0) = C1 cos( 0) C 2 sin( 0) = C1 = 1
Final solution: y = sin t

3. Nagal page 168 Q35

y2 = t 3

y1 = t 3

(a) for 0 < t < y1 = t 3 y 2 = t 3

y
= 1
y1

y2
t3
=
y 2 3t 2

t3
= 3t 5 3t 5 = 0
2
3t

y1 and y 2 are not L. I.

OR simply y 2 = 1 y1

--- constant multiplier of y1

Therefore y1 & y 2 are not L.I.

3
3
3
(b) for < t < 0 y1 = t y 2 = t = t

y1
y1

y2
t3
= 2
y 2 3t

t3
= 3t 5 + 3t 5 = 0
2
3t

y1 and y 2 are not L. I.

OR y 2 = ( 1) y1

--- constant multiplier of y1

Therefore y1 & y 2 are not L.I.

3
3
(c) for < t < y1 = t y 2 = t
3
3
The only way to make y 2 = C y1 ( t = Ct ) for < t < is C = 0

by definition: y1 and y 2 are L. I.

4. Nagal page 326, Q31

(a) f ( x ) = e x

y ( x ) = vf ( x ) = ve x

y = v e x + ve x = (v + v )e x
y = (v + v )e x + (v + v )e x = (v + 2v + v )e x
y = (v + 2v + v )e x + (v + 2v + v )e x = (v + 3v + 3v + v )e x
(b) Sub into ODE:

(v + 2v + v )e/ x 2(v + 2v + v )e/ x 5(v + v )e/ x + 6ve/ x = 0

v + v 6v = 0 --- (1)
Let = v
(1) become + 6 = 0

--- (2)

2x
(c) 1 = e

2 = ( x )1 = ( x )e 2 x
2 = e 2 x + 2e 2 x = ( + 2 )e 2 x
2 = e 2 x + 2 e 2 x + 2 e 2 x + 4e 2 x = ( + 4 + 4 )e 2 x
Sub into (2)

( + 4 + 4 )e 2 x + ( + 2 )e 2 x 6e 2 x = 0

+ 5 = 0

--- (3)

Let (x ) = sub into (3)

+ 5 = 0
d

= 5dx

ln = 5 x + C1

= C1e 5 x
1
= dx = C1e 5 x dx = C1e 5 x + C 2 = C1e 5 x + C 2
5

 2 = 1 drop constant in : = e 5 x
2 = e 5 x e 2 x
2 = e 3 x

--- missing solution of

General solution for :

g = C11 + C 2 2 =C 1 e 2 x + C 2 e 3 x
2x
3 x
(d) Recall v = dx = (C 1 e + C 2 e ) dx

1
1
= C 1 e 2 x C 2 e 3 x + C 3
2
3

= C 1 e 2 x + C 2 e 3 x + C 3 1
2x
v 2 = e 3 x . Because if choose v1 = 1 ,
(e) Two linearly independent choices are v1 = e

then y1 = v1 f ( x ) = f ( x ) which is the same as f(x).

2x
3 x
2x
v 2 = e 3 x
Pick (e e ) for v1 = e

y1 = v1 ( x)e x = e 2 x e x = e 3 x
y 2 = v 2 ( x ) e x = e 3 x e x = e 2 x
L.I. check for e x , e 3 x , e 2 x
ex

e 3x

e 2 x

= ex

3e 3 x

2e 2 x

ex

9e 3 x

4e 2 x

= e x (12e x + 18e x ) e 3 x (4e x + 2e x ) + e 2 x (9e 4 x 3e 4 x )

= 30e 2 x 6e 2 x + 6e 2 x = 30e 2 x 0
Therefore e x , e 3 x , e 2 x are L.I. for ( ,+ ) .