Académique Documents
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Culture Documents
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
I
in rn trntlinlng
rn or i o
B(fl R :I i iCtOl S h
iIlflL TT ttort to ndrstnJ
n io inc
1
h9
1 H c 1d to the I1Lrnc of the
f t
th
interd isciplinarv field of behavioral medicine. The
utions
uotielJ o no th p, holog ocus on 1
our
deter
How
ot
a
situation
as:
do
such
perceotions
emotions
How
our
and
we
teel?
the
stress
do
mine
personality influence our risk of disease? How can
psychology contribute to the prevention of illness?
Chapter 14 addresses key topics in health psy
chology. First and foremost is stressits nature, its
effects on the body, psychological factors that determine hon it affects u and how stress contributes
to heart disease, infectious diseases, and cancer, The
chapter concludes by looking at physical and psychoiooical tactors that promote good health including
ouU nppoit
and cv minm,
illness-related behaviors: smoking and obestv
-
Th
leading
1LI
dtithintheLmtcd Stik
oi
doe
0
rr ic
is
and
disease
to
health
relevant
knowledee
CHAPTER REVIEW
First skim each section notmg headings and boldface
items. After you have read the section, review each
objective by answering the fill-in and essay-type
questions that follow it. As you proceed, evaluate
your performance by consulting the answers begin
ning on page 372. Do not continue with the next sec
tion until you understand each answer. if you need
to, review or reread the section in the textbook before
continuing.
358
or a
Rather, it is the
by which we perceix e and
respond to environmental threats and challenges
3. This dc finition highlights the fact that stressors
canhixc
(only
negatix c both positix c and negatix e) eftects,
3 are perceh ed.
dept nding on how thc
Objective 3: Describe the dual track system by which
our bc d4 responds to stress, and identity the three
phases of the general adaptation si ndrome.
4. in the iPOs, ole. siologist praltcr
began tridvng the etteet
of stress on the body. He dtscox ered that the horn
and
are released into the
hioodst earn in response to stress, TI is and other
rodih Lhangc due to 4rrss are mediated hr the
neri otis system, tho
preparin,r the body for
6.
son is
able to disease.
ot cata
359
(I pe A Ix pe 13)
person is angered blood flow is diverted away
from the internal org ins, im luding the lix er
which is responsible for rcmc x ing
and fat from the blood,
thus, such people hax e dcx ated lex els of these
substances in the blood
characteristic that is most strongly
linked with c oronarv heart disease is
ciall
21. Another toxic emotion is
illnesses physical
23. In
symptoms are produced by psychological causes.
This is distinct from the misint rpretataon of nor
mal phi sic al scnsations as si mptoms of a disease,
360
ii
c be th
h
Obje
r
r c
tressandH a Si
26
t
d
27
C
ii
s u
8.
in u
I n
d
29
tr
troi gh
i
ds t
he immune system
nd cse
5
3AL
r an
rca tion Or it may
alloss ng a dormant her
cells
cr y t c r
cii
33
itt
s and
linked to c ir c
34 Whenrd
it
e in h se I i
35. Stress
in ate
emotions
(havc has e not) been
s iate of progression.
s r inoculatedssith
cells or gn en
tnmors des eloped soon
I e e also exposed to
stress
(does does not)
mci
elk
c
n
2
ik
igc
sh
ki1
c I c th
fy t e
spread prim r
it
nstance
or
(i/hi
cclcac Ic
a
3
Ic
P
Objective 11. C. ontrast problem-focused coping and
emotic I fix used coping.
1. Ie pIe learn to
Pa finding
ii ith
9. Researchers I
sti.shil tOt
I)
ents iras he
,cr%e of
,tre.s
10. One %tudv found thn c%Nert. o-eJ .rpi.
anJ mi*3
or
1% an
161
ta1th
it.i
sersec
lies turito
or belies e thn cannot
copnc,whcnthei cannot
a
at the same ap
State several po bI
health and social s
r
ink N-riiccn
%ittIeitiflfl.
rnoking, and
7. In anma! ant
1 hunbsn&. sudden lack of control is
tollctsed hi. a drop it immune re.pon.cs. an;
(i;.trease, detrea,e) in
iit
n the level. tt
pc ishohase.in
is sti Ic a Ic- hit
xpia
it,
Ct
motonal
di rsels affci.
at I
t.
I. JM.
fl
1k .jh tt it hi
1
is to t.
r ut
1
S
-i:
%t
.1.,
n
-
:-
ii
J I u.k.
heart .likl ii
est I
Ic.
C
r
e
1
Ubcftv
etc
ai
uq
q
tn
20
1r
Cat
toli
)l
Zli)t
V.
2r
ac.
it
t.
C
363
among
m e)
ii
and those at
lowerj sOciOecOnOir ic icr ci
34. Worldwide per pc
near an all time
or
et
up)
ci
St
dramatically in
t .c
ti
dmry
of smoking.
29. Sn ok ng usuallr lx ;ins during
and is espeuaih ommon
amc igtlosexrh
I h st
ho sen e
the
b.
c.
is
smoking is to make
it
morc
01
ig M
n di t y
hen
attempting to quit.
31 By terminating an aversive state, smoking pro
r les a person vs ith a powerful
)besit
sign of
s corsid red a
mid
and
mental
and of neuro
and
s a 1 rca to
rduce
32. (o isistent with the
proa I iv ir Dudies md tate
c
Sr
mc king addiction
tabihtx
liii
nkcrsalsna differ ma
that influences rc spc nsc s
smittcr
c
r
\rcr
c dec
thc smoku
is smwtproiounced
tissue loss.
39. Pcople isho arc osermie ght at
vi
than thosc ito a
r t
kt
c
I,-
late lifn
nl,rJ
364
and increase
X\ hen obese mice are
(does/does
is
nor er to mantain
eight. XVhe it eight
is
dec reascs
PROGRESS TEST
Progress Test 1
365
a. problem-focused coping.
b. em ottonfoc used coping.
c. managing rather than coping with stress.
d. hvpochondriasis
13. A study in ix hich peoplc ix ore asked to contide
that;
366
16. 1% hi
te
a.
PROGRESS TEST 2
d.
IultipIe-Choae Questions
ietcS ifllVii.flt%
tLiflrlofling
of the
unifiUfli.
n
L.R
t
s
itesci
tic
a.
b. aaietv
in
C.
d. a1
18 In
is.
sb
drug.
a. thi. animal. dci eloped tolerance for the drug
inJ immune responses returned to normal.
b. it 1
et iiater a
one triggered immune suppre.
1
0
eiuc
ie cirus cieieloped and with
1 srit s appeared when the drug
ld
1
a sithh
d. n:ris of the animals died.
C.
s..
mlrat
at as a
dictor f
lot ge .t ie,i- u un oh tmcnl:
a.
t ill fl.CfljflC?flt ctfn.t.
b. 1nLTe. ttirate br woiren than mtn.
C.
I ott
u ai. for men than womcn.
o1.sr
d.
g in I ns
ii.
is
lndardbdrierdrcfercto
a. tte final stige of the general adaptation syn
drome
b. the health-promoting liTLpaCt of hai ing a
strong st stem of social support.
c. an alternatis c to the fight-or-flight recponse
that mas he more common in women.
d the I ct it spritual people tvpkallv are not
oXc V )atcd.
.
? iich cf
follc s ig ,tatrn ants co erring
pe \ar... per.ons is true?
a. Even it hen relaxed. r pt i persons have
bights blood pre.%ure than ry-pe 13 persons.
b. When ,tres,.cd, Ti.pe - persons shins greater
outpit if stress he rmones than I> pe B per
sons.
c. I> p B rc.ons t and to suppress anger mort
than Ispe A peiscns.
d. 1. pe A persons tend to be more outgoing
than kne B persons.
Progress Test 2
6.
a.
h lvnphocs tes.
B. I i\rnph.ocxtes.
c. both rn and h.
d. antigens.
c.
rwm en
367
genetic predicpoition
childhood eating patterns.
adulthood eating patterns.
all of the ahoy e.
368
19
1 h tendency
is
9. Chronic 5th s
and hi p Ic isic
10. People is it I
ties are tin
P
tha a
tI c
ii, Ihe trim ire
condi iu cc
1
PSYCHOLOGY APPUED
\nsxier these questlo is thc
final cheek on iour und i
terms and concepts
Multiple-ehoice Questions
1, Which of the followir
Psychology Applied
4. \iaicoim report on the effects of nicotine men
tion each of the roliowing cxccpt:
a. increased heart rate.
b. appetite mtppresMon.
c. Inc rcasec circulatiun to e\trem1tie.
d. releaNe ot cod rphins triggered hr nicotine.
S
cardo ha
r ia oush
369
ritf
\\
it
ant
ac
; asha dasrounork.
1
ph
seu m
ntroi and a positive
hia r
\/1
ait
am
NOCIX
Iae aatr
a.
srmiiaunp, the
Nra t N
flifl\ OtiS
ii
reiea5e
ot dopamine
In
NLtem \\hat am I?
c.
tata
h.
asponses in check by
urself
11
tee
nicotine
d. cocaine
iii
c nearh ioentical ea
e Kenny is obese and
is t in 1 m n o-t hkelr explana
tteren n t ieir body weights is
no;
mod
I
d I r iii:
tact er
tF,tsi oieiahoh r ites.
toW a. mid b
auc 1 thu aLiovu
to
tot
a.
b.
c,
d.
Essay Question
)r
ho w do
smoking cessation
nt hat smoking is best
oF
an itt ra ti )n of psychological,
N
a,t
socia
Prances, Dr. Williams is
perspedha e.
Line t in the
101
medic,ne
ch,
FL
a
)
;
a.
ii
I
it
10
Cit
0.
rn
orift
hi
:at
0
erson s ability
Discuss ses eral factors that enhance
to cope with stress. (Use the space below to list th
points you want to make, and organize them. then
write the essay on a separate sheet of paper
ICeS Terms
371
6. Type A
KEY TERMS
7. lypeB
Writing 1)efinitions
9. Iymphocy tes
10. coping
1. behavioral medicine
2. health p chologv
3. .tres.
4. general adaptation
14. biofeedback
Crocs-Check
ACROSS
2. Ifardening of the arteries that
leads to heart disease.
7. Fat-detecting hormone.
12. Coronary-prone heha br pattern.
13. 1 he three stage bodily reaction to
stress.
15. type of exercise that may help
alle,iatc ancietj.
17. During he
stage of the
stress reaction, the boths svmpa
thetic neri ous system is %uddenlv
activated.
iS. Ik chologist is ho first described
the general adaptation syndrome.
19. l)urmg tht.
stage of the
%tress a t i tht. body ,rcserves
dql ted.
20. 1 u 3 t cr of the mmunc ss
:4
Li
I
9
J
[101
WI
.(
--4
ii
L.j
J
.1
km
0014 N
1. Friedman and Rosenman\ term for easygoing,
relawd people.
1. subtld of psvc hologv that contributes to
Id iaviora, .it.dkine.
4 11w body
eight die rostat.
1;
J
V
4.
_._
stressor.
4 SIn
x n
and Health
ii
is
brain musclc
un (111k
31. hax e
32. have
iesponsc, procti-s
Illncss
)S
22. increases
ugStr ssandllealth
Chapte Review
r t
17 do not differ
AF S VERS
tidi ,ane
Ionic a
Promoting Hcalth
N \
1
a
s
I ccpc;eno
nat
2. problcm f c
ic
cgnih c 1 1
3. emoti an tc cused
4. problem-totusc 1 ontrol c wok r locus
change
5. uncontrollable; deatf
i
vpcrtcnsion
su
1
bcixf
ed ioest rd
i,
o a
6. r i )rtaiitv birth
ft
e c
7, rrcs
res
c 6
ht
r rc
e ic
Answers
8. optimistic
9, humor
10, tone; blood flow
11. social
373
42. obese
14. writing
15. self-disclosing
16. aerobic
17. have
18. norepinephrine; serotonin; endorphins; memory
47. do
26. believe
27. predicts
50. gain
51. more
19. two
20. biofeedback; do not provide
21. meditation (relaxation); relaxation
22. park tal; frontal
Progress Test
374
13.
c.
Progress Test 2
Multiple-Choice Questions
5 chanter dea:
1. d. is the answer. Fh1
:he top
c.
inblcxelgr sit
Answers
c. Anger. both expressed and suppressed. is more
charactersrs. of i r pe \ people.
d. f no tc xt doesnt in fir ate that fype
persons
are mc rc on gc lug tt a I rpt B perso m
6. d h tt c ar s cr. Bob x crs that cntribute to the
lea dir
scs ot r ortatit 11Kb do smoking,
excessn e a hol or su nphon maladaptii e re
spouses to stress, insufficient exercise, use of illic
it drugs, and pour nutrition. p. 4)
7. c. is thc ansuer. B Ii nrplrocvtes fight bacterial
n1ections; I Ir mphocvtes attack cancer cells.
iruses, and foreign substances, ip.
d. Antigcris anse the production of antibodies
when thel s c ntroduced into the bouv.
eases. (p. 7(
the ansu er. (p. 55Th
10. b. is the ansci er. Both human and animal studies
ndcate that uncontrollable negative events trig
gei an outpouring ot stress hormones and a drop
9. d.
is
nduid at
mat
375
not
to ox creat.
20. d. is the answer. As a group, religiously actix
people are no more attluent than other peoptc.
(pp. 5735741
21. B. is the answer. (p. 5701
a. I here is no such subtielci of med icuoe.
c. (Thi is an alleged torm of eoergt. imbalances cif
1. 1 (p. 58Th
2. F (p. ;57)
3. 1 (p. 563)
4. F (p. 580)
5. F(p 585)
6. T .p. SSfl
11. I p. U0;
7. T (p 5631
8. 4 (p. 555)
9. 1 (p 556)
10. I(p 566
t,6
Psychology Applied
Multiple-Choice Questions
.-
lie an
tahohsrr
cs as ft d u take is
1. d. i. the answer.
Aiosi
e.eac
0,/ia
57S)
clrculation to tli
;.
sri
it
cslh
ans.
Rita rdo n attempting to address
!ns,tion ti noes, ante he has been unable to
oh tios diectis lp. b2
b.
ho
Ie
tin
6 a.
h.. c
so
(Ms
lstag
o I s sc is greater during the
Fr
h ses because the bodys
zcd it
icc arc nc t yet depleted.
oss
d.
it
) 330
I
tin ( is a factor in coping with
I
r
d.
a
sr
5
but it s how at event is prrreiiLd that
iiots whether ii a strecstul or not.
1
10. b
n. tiia
St
cdir tab
A i
lit
A t so
b thing as a Lope C person
5
t2. a a h,- nos or ip. 57)
\e. uha
05 are mmune agents that search
ti
rnitul ins aders,
d in t
ipi
tort i n the bone marrow and
b
it
pit b icterial infcctions.
ia
13. h
h a
Strc sful situaticns, such as
Iv. . Cs. he reae in ,n one responses. (p. S2)
1
h tnmg
0
a. Ihe text does not discuss ant so
as a
Essay Question
ci.-
1+.
a.
h & d
fl,.
s,.. C
to
5r,4
iw
ii,
a
v.ipht
ruten
ci
alP
tresso 5
the health
in
in
(ii
.n
b.
d r-
.n,i
run
ii
c tia
ii.
s.
irs
i ipses.
dir
dtte c
15
is
rr
ferent
cs n netabo
f oss nle for
eights desi itc
ci
cuts
occur, a persons
mores ulncrahle to
eliminated, aerobic
and social support
xert ire n rcducr
rl ps b r c aPr
Cross-Check
ACROSS
2. atherocclero-is
7. leptin
12. lype
13. GAS
15. aerobic
17. alarm
18, Selye
19. exhaustion
20. macrophage
1.
3.
4.
5,
6
8.
9,
10,
11,
14,
16.
IxpeB
health psycholog
set point
stress
fight or flight
perceived control
behax ioral medicine
epinephrine
mc,tabolisn
B lvmpho tec
heart disc ase
I p
; r Ill te s
a iz
Refngees and others who
r de 1) leave their homes (they are
me reas 0 rates of depression, anxiety,
s dc r ir d )ther stress srmptoms.
ealtl
pi
ri
nrpairnients
eume
astrcs
Type Ba
ir
3 is Moreox em, not one of I r
S-the most at Ii and lat I bid of tt eir gronp had
suffered a tea t itt z k Rese rmchers ha e identiti if
two pcrsonahtr types Type \s ire react i (eta j
aitci d) compe titnc ccrbally aggressh e highis
5 n p ie k
motn ated aBs , ustwd and akr
I ype Bs are less easily angered (cc it ) are easr
going (laid ba 1) pahent, nnderstanding and non
eemnpetithe. Ihe most protetpieaI i pi ) Tspe Bs
were the least hkelr to be affhcted by e renary he art
disease (heart attaifs).
Page
runt
p
it
r
I p
se
r c
land
s
1 1 it
Is
inc
r i
itl
a
b
igrih
puts
ant than
ire
es
reaith problems. If a
a c as
r
nlnerahle C diean
close together
ci
tt ale
I g
9 Ore dangn n pp
crc Is
r
d
and arcer is that cne atc it n a
thenmsehes ft r their i Inks One pr ft Ic a I
statmng (iyprnif the reP henshmp b tsr e n alt lade
and earner m that seme cincer suhmnc n i C l tI
they hare somehow e nsed the r sickncs the bit
logical factors inrelsed m the di ease camnmat e r I
be mitigated td rail d) by belier ii g good 1 a ith is
Ce
due to a healtl el ra te the
I
t
i
ts it apprcpr ale tc I rre
n
r ad
whe lerelep the In
\sM e t
a z tarhes
F Icartarhcs
is
a term that
ice hoo The aid fact is that the effect of social ties is
otlnnp to scow it. Myers is being humorous here.
I he expressjon that is nothhrg to sneeze at indi
cates that sor iething (the object, cx cut, accomplish
ment, ctc.l is not minor or insignificant, and, of
course, people a ith colds tend to sneeze a lot. In
research on resistance to cold viruses, the finding
that healthy olunteers who had the most social ties
were less iikix to catch a cold and produced less
r incus (the
d Fictl is not an insignificant result
(
h ag in
atj. In addition, research shows
th t social s P1 ort calms the cardiox ascular system,
c v crinl bloo p cssur a id stress hormones.
F agc h a: I P r g about cur t oubles can be open
Research has shown that those with
us, I ii,ennin
se suaaporux e riends and tamili tend to hat e
(cx. or health prohiens and lit e longer. One reason
this mat te th,at trusting relationships prox ide
mc unprtunm to talk about our rrohiem and toe1Os and, ju
s open lit it si rerc car s x e In e,
F ng s
c
i Salk
an cc a I nw of opcsz
LIar
Ps. \l y U th ii had, quite htc raIls, sn z
,h,s. Mar y research studies hat e
p as r
shox a the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on
depnssion and ansiotx. In one study, women who
took up jogging (nieniig i showed a substantial
tducton
oepi esian. A Ms cr humorously puts
.:.tha had .rualit :z cUaztiairiiaittanu
p
379
Page l7:
nzolicm sz:ae. Smoking i
0
Ac
5 contin
ued because among other reasons, it itfers a pleas
ant feeling p1 asucabic lift and it oscar cs ir avoids
the unpleasant persistent desire Im nzg of deprn a
hon or withdrawal. ihe negatn e aspect of smoking,
howex er, is the increased health risk which ox or
time mas result in the death of the smoker (4cansolirin sad Pci.
,
380
Ca
otOw
he:,
sit arour
Cs)
te p