CORRUPTION, COLLUSION, AND NEPOTISM IN INDONESIA REVIEWED IN

THE GOVERNMENT ETHICS

Cekli Setya Pratiwi, SH., LL.M.

This answer sheet is completed with purpose

to accomplish the Final Examination of Indonesian Values and Ideology.

By:
Ratri Anggarani 125020307121007
(+6281320026298)

INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM IN ACCOUNTING

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA
Jl. M.T. Haryono 165 Malang, 65145.
2015.

ABSTRACT

Corruption, collusion, and nepotism have undermined the moral of our nation, many
people who feel aggrieved or affected by the crime. In Indonesia the phenomenon of
corruption, collusion and nepotism even been considered as a culture. This paper to
accomplish the final examination of Indonesian Values and Ideology. Corruption, collusion,
and nepotism within the government bureaucracy have become something almost inevitable.
So it is almost hard to find a government agency that does not engage in corruption,
collusion, and nepotism, even if the institution is the institution which has the authority to
eradicate corruption, collusion, and nepotism. The most fundamental thing about the causes
of corruption, collusion, and nepotism associated with it that is due to the human characters,
namely faith, honesty, morality, and ethics in carrying out everyday tasks. Ethics mandates
that government officials have a sense of the high interest in providing services to the public,
was ready to resign if he felt he had violated the norms and value systems or deemed unable
to fulfill the mandate of the people, nation, and state.

Keywords: Corruption, Ethics, Government.

INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEMS

In this reform era, many political crimes involving even the leaders of this nation.
Corruption, collusion, and nepotism have undermined the moral of our nation, many people
who feel aggrieved or affected by the crime. In Indonesia the phenomenon of corruption,
collusion and nepotism even been considered as a culture.1 Called a culture because of
corruption in Indonesia is done congregation, no longer individuals. Not only the officials
and intellectuals, people from the lower class too much to do. Treatment of criminals in
Indonesia is also somewhat special. To them prepared special uniforms, health care is also a
cost borne by the government if they fall ill during the examination. This is different from the
other prisoners for crimes, even though corruption was obviously got a lot of money. Once
found guilty and sentenced to prison, they often apply policies to time served. So, talking
about Indonesia without highlighting corruption collusion and nepotism like to know
Indonesia prematurely.2
In essence, corruption is a social parasite that damages the structure of government,
and be a major obstacle to the running of the government and development in general. In
practice, corruption is very difficult if not impossible can be eradicated, and therefore very
difficult to give exact proofs. Besides, it is very difficult to detect with the basics of legal
certainty. However, access to the act of corruption is a latent danger to watch out either by
the government or by society itself. Corruption is a product of attitudes one group of people
who use money as a standard of truth and as the absolute powers. As a result, the corrupt
wealthy and corrupt politicians that excessive money can go into the ruling elite and highly
respected. They will also occupy a high social status in the eyes of the public.
Corruption starts with the urgency of development efforts is desirable, while relatively
slow bureaucratic process, so that any person or entity wanting a quick shortcut to give
rewards by giving kickbacks (bribes). This practice will take place continuously over the lack
of control of the government and society, so that the resulting group of employees that
includes the new rich who enrich themselves (ambition material). The thing that is the main
point in the discussion of this paper, namely "How corruption, collusion, and nepotism in
Indonesia when reviewed in the government ethics?".

1
2

(Mujiburrahman, Sentilan Kosmopolitan (Jakarta: Penerbit Kompas. 2013), 131.

(Christopher J. Robertson & Andrew Watson, Korupsi dan Perubahan Nilai 1999).

LITERATURE

Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism

Many experts are trying to formulate corruption, if seen from the structure of
language and the way of delivery is different, but in essence has the same meaning.
Kartono (1983) defines corruption as a behavior of individuals who use the authority
and position to extract personal gain, to the detriment of public interest and the state. So
corruption is one of the symptoms of wear and mismanagement of power for personal gain,
mismanagement of the sources of wealth of the country by using the authority and powers of
formal (e.g, by reason of the law and force of arms) to enrich themselves. Corruption occurs
due to the abuse of authority and positions held by officials or employees for personal gain in
the name of personal or family, relatives and friends.
Merican (1971) states the causes of corruption are as follows:
a. Relics of colonial rule.
b. Poverty and inequality.
c. Low salaries.
d. Popular perception.
e. The setting was rambling.
f. Not enough knowledge of the field.
Mc Mullan (1961) stated that corruption is inefficiency, injustice, people do not trust
the government, a waste of state resources, does not encourage companies to strive especially
foreign companies, political instability, restrictions in government policy and not repressive.
Corruption cannot be allowed to walk away if a country wants to achieve its goals,
because if allowed a continuous basis, then it will get used and become fertile and will cause
mental attitude of officials who are always looking for the easy way and justifies any means.
Therefore, corruption needs to be addressed thoroughly and responsibly.
Myrdal (in Lubis, 1987) advises prevention of corruption is that arrangements and
procedures for administrative decisions concerning individuals and companies more
simplified and reinforced, procurement oversight harder, personal discretion in the exercise
of power should be reduced as far as possible, staff salaries low must be increased and socioeconomic status improved, more secure, security units including the police must be
strengthened, criminal law and the law on corrupt officials can be quickly retrieved. People
who bribe officials should be prosecuted as well.

The Government Ethics

Ethics in government, there is a prevailing assumption that through the appreciation
of the ethical good, the apparatus will be able to build a commitment to make himself as an
example of goodness and morality keeping the government. Apparatus good governance and
high morals, will always keep him in order to avoid misconduct, as he is called to keep the
mandate given, through the imaging behavior of everyday life. Within the scope of the
profession of government for example, there are certain values that should be upheld in order
to maintain the image of the government and that could make the government, able to carry
out its duties and functions. Among these values, there remains a part of ethics and those that
have been transformed into positive law. For example, the act in collusion with certain
groups, more appropriately viewed as a violation of ethics rather than law violation because
the law has not yet detailed set of forms of violations generally take place in secret and
hidden. Therefore, a government officer who caught doing acts of collusion, although cannot
always be accused of breaking the law means he is deemed to have violated ethics, so
professionally and morally, can still be penalized.
Collusion is a dishonest attitude by making a secret deal to do a deal agreement
colored with gifts of money or a particular facility as a lubricant so that all his affairs to be
smooth.
Ethical governance should be developed in an effort to achieve the mission, that
means-any action deemed accord- considered support-especially felt could hamper the
achievement of the mission in question, should be considered as a breach of ethics. Lazy
government employees in the office, not seriously carry out the task entrusted to him, the
minimum can be assessed, has violated the professional ethics of civil servants. Those who
abuse power for personal interests or groups to the detriment of the public interest is
essentially to have violated ethical governance.
Ethics mandates that government officials have a sense of the high interest in
providing services to the public, was ready to resign if it felt he had violated the norms and
value systems, or even considered unable to fulfill the mandate of the people, nation and
state.
Ethics is intended to realize a clean government, efficient and effective as well as
foster the atmosphere of democratic politics that is characterized by openness, a sense of
responsible, responsive to the aspirations of the people, respect differences, honest
competition, a willingness to accept the opinion of a truer even come from individuals or
group of people, and uphold human rights.

Government ethics always associated with the values associated with the primacy of
the fundamental rights of citizens in humans as social. The values of virtue developed in
government ethics are:
1. Respect for human life and other human rights.
2. Honesty both to themselves and to other human beings.
3. Justice and decency, is an attitude that especially need to be treated against others.
4. Fortitude, that moral strength, fortitude and daring as true to temptation and fate.
5. Temperance, namely simplicity and restraint.
6. The values of religious and social culture, including religious values that mankind
must act professionally and working hard.

DISCUSSION AND ANALYZES

Nowadays, we have entered the era of reform. However, this nation cannot be
separated from the downturn in various dimensions of national life, including ethical and
moral deterioration. Poor ethics and morals have led to the proliferation of corruption,
collusion, and nepotism and poor performance of the bureaucracy. In democratic life in
Indonesia, corrupt practices more easily found in various areas of life.
First, because of the weakening of social values, personal interests become more
important than the choice of public interest, as well as ownership of individual objects into
personal ethics underlying social behavior of most people. Secondly, there is no transparency
and responsibility of public integrity systems. Bureau of public services can be used by
public officials to pursue personal political ambitions, solely for the promotion and
advancement. While the quality and quantity of public services, instead of the main priorities
and orientations.
Two of these reasons pushed in Indonesia, public service are never being maximized
because of corruption and the democratization it facilitates corruption. Therefore, an attempt
to get out of the crisis that occurred needs to be tested with a range of breakthrough policies
centered on strategies to reduce corruption, collusion, and nepotism explicitly. The real
problem is not the inability capable or not this nation to combat corruption, but unwilling or
unable wants us to realize it. Therefore, the policy toward the eradication of corruption,
collusion, and nepotism since the era of the first President until the President today continue
to be done, but the fact pathology of corruption, collusion, and nepotism is never subsided,
quite the contrary. So it is no exaggeration to policies to eradicate corruption, collusion, and
nepotism that had been there only adds to the thick slabs of the state archives, without the
slightest reduce the quality and quantity of corruption in the state apparatus both at central
and regional levels.
Corruption, collusion, and nepotism within the government bureaucracy have become
something almost inevitable. So it is almost hard to find a government agency that does not
engage in corruption, collusion, and nepotism, even if the institution is the institution which
has the authority to eradicate corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
In terms of pathology there is ethical governance, which means a disease or
bureaucracy. Bureaucracy pathologist may include diseases caused by the unlawful conduct,
which is aligned with bribery, fraud, and even other criminal acts.

From the conversation about corruption, the most fundamental thing about the causes
of corruption, collusion, and nepotism associated with it that is due to the human characters,
namely faith, honesty, morality, and ethics in carrying out everyday tasks. Because whatever
high academic degrees a bureaucrat, if he does not have faith, honesty, morals and ethics, he
will be the destroyer component bureaucracy. The higher the power, the more destructive role
anyway, so it becomes dysfunctional bureaucracy. Look at how the paralysis of public
services as a result of criminal acts of corruption.
The existence of the bureaucracy itself is a noble aim, namely as a standard procedure
in order to achieve a goal effectively. However, when manned by people who are not
professional, bureaucratic actually bad dreams, which is a process that is stiff, inefficiency of
graft and bribery more vivid. So that the tangled bureaucracy in this country, it thrives
corruption, collusion and nepotism.
Corruption, collusion, and nepotism itself is not money but the only tangible goods or
other objects. As an example the case in City X, the government has allocated for the holiday
allowance to civil servants as many as 4,000 people. While the overall number of civil
servants as many as 7,000 people. That all civil servants are getting justice with equal rights,
eventually the money should be given directly, it spent parcel. Some actors who know this
immediately report the incident because it is against government policy itself.
Actually, a number of problems due to corruption, collusion, and nepotism that
increasingly chronic this can be avoided if the value - the value of Pancasila can we interpret
and resume practicing. Things that need to be shared awareness that in the life of our country,
acceptance of Pancasila as the state and national ideology carries a logical consequence that
the values of Pancasila used as a basic foundation, the fundamental foundation for the
implementation of the Indonesian state. Contains five principles of Pancasila which
essentially contains five basic fundamental values. The basic values of Pancasila is the value
on God, the value of the Just and civilized humanity, unity of Indonesia value, the value
Populist led by the wisdom role in consultative / representative, and the value of social justice
for all the people of Indonesia. With a brief statement that the basic values of Pancasila is the
value of divinity, human values, values of unity, democratic values, and the values of justice.
By constantly making basic values of Pancasila as the source of the formation of
ethical norms in society, nation, and state that the government administrators to be much of a
desire to enrich themselves with the road against the law.
The value of Pancasila is a moral value. Therefore, the Pancasila values can also be
realized into moral norms. Norms of conduct can further be used as a guide or reference in

the act and behave in the life of the nation. Indonesian nation is now able to formulate norms
of conduct as a guide in the act and behave. Norms of conduct are based on Pancasila as the
nation's cultural values. The formulation of norms of conduct listed in the MPR decree No.
VI / MPR / 2001 on Ethical Life of a Nation, Stateless, and society. MPR Decree No. VI /
MPR / 2001 on the ethical life of a Nation, state, and society is a translation of values - values
of Pancasila as guidance in thinking, acting and behaving as a reflection of religious values
and culture which is rooted in social life.
Ethics is intended to realize a clean government, efficient, and effective; foster a
democratic political atmosphere characterized by openness, a sense of responsibility,
responsive to the aspirations of the people; respect for diversity; honest competition;
availability to receive even more true opinion comes from individuals or groups of people;
and upholding human rights. Ethics mandates that government officials have a sense of the
high interest in providing services to the public, was ready to resign if he felt he had violated
the norms and value systems or deemed unable to fulfill the mandate of the people, nation,
and state.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion
Corruption, collusion and nepotism are the most chronic diseases that afflict our
nation at this time. Diseases that make the most of the organizers of our government into a
full desire to enrich themselves or group, not professional in carrying out the mandate of the
people, and far from the fulfillment of public service that is good is the very act contrary to
the law, much less than the value - the value of Pancasila. In terms of any kind, corruption,
collusion and nepotism remain licentious acts. Have damaged the nation from all aspects,
whether economic, political, Social-culture, and the most severe the ethics and morals of the
nation.
Previously, the ethical problems has been set in the MPR decree No. VI / MPR / 2001
on Ethical Life of a Nation, Stateless, and society. From the aspect of governance, ethics is
intended to realize a clean government, efficient, and effective; foster a democratic political
atmosphere characterized by openness, a sense of responsibility, responsive to the aspirations
of the people; respect for diversity; honest competition; availability to receive even more true
opinion comes from individuals or groups of people; and upholding human rights. Ethics
mandates that government officials have a sense of the high interest in providing services to
the public, was ready to resign if he felt he had violated the norms and value systems or
deemed unable to fulfill the mandate of the people, nation, and state.
Recommendation
Ethics in government bureaucracy is very important for the sustainability of
governance and bureaucracy in order to maintain the image of the government bureaucracy
continues to earn the trust of the public. Government officials in carrying out their work in
accordance with the ethics office should each and have an obligation and a moral
responsibility to society.
It needs to be done to eradicate corruption among these components function as a
supervisor or controller, so there is a check and balance process. Society should participate in
efforts to combat corruption. Then the need for streamlining the bureaucratic red tape in order
to more effectively and efficiently and to prevent further employee corruption.
In the formulation of policy, state administration officials need to pay more attention
to the public interest. The government should continue to reform the bureaucracy to
implement good governance in governance so that the Indonesian government bureaucracy
more accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient.

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