Chapter 5

WATERSUPPLY
5.1

PURPOSEANDSCOPE

5.1.1

The purpose of this chapter of the Code is to provide minimum standards for the design, installation and
maintenanceofwatersupplyanddistributionsystemwithinabuildinganditspremises.

5.1.2

The regulations of this chapter also provide guidelines for waterrequirements for different classes of buildings
accordingtotheiroccupancyclassification.

5.1.3

The provisions stated herein do not cover the requirements of water supply for industrial plants and process,
municipaluses,viz.streetwashing,streethydrant,etc.

5.2

TERMINOLOGY

ThissectionprovidesanalphabeticallistofthetermsusedinandapplicabletothischapteroftheCode.Incaseof
anyconflictorcontradictionbetweenadefinitiongiveninthissectionandthatinPart1,themeaningprovidedin
thissectionshallgovernforinterpretationoftheprovisionsofthischapter.
Accessible:Whenappliedtoafixture,applianceorequipmentshallmeanhavingaccessthereto,butwhichmay
require the removal of an access panel or similar obstruction; "readily accessible" shall mean direct access
withoutthenecessityofremovinganypanel,doororsimilarobstruction.
Airgap:Theunobstructedverticaldistancethroughthefreeatmospherebetweenthelowestopeningfromany
pipeorfaucetsupplyingwatertotank,plumbingfixtureorotherdeviceandthefloodlevelrimofthereceptacle.
AvailableHead:Theheadofwateravailableatthepointofconsiderationduetomains'pressureorstoragetank
oranyothersourceofpressure.
BackSiphonage:Theflowingbackofused,contaminated,orpollutedwaterfromaplumbingfixtureorvesselinto
awatersupplypipeduetoareducedpressureinsuchapipe(seeBackflow).
Backflow:Theflowofwaterorotherliquids,mixturesorsubstancesintothedistributionpipesofapotablewater
supplyfromanysourceotherthanitsintendedsource.
BackflowConnectionorcondition:Anyarrangementwherebybackflowcanoccur.
BackflowPreventer:Adeviceormeanstopreventbackflow.
BallCock:Awatersupplyvalve,openedorclosedbymeansofafloatorsimilardevice,usedtosupplywatertoa
tankforminganapprovedairgaporvacuumbreakerandactingasanantisiphondevice.AlsoknownasFLOAT
OPERATEDVALVE.
Bedpan Washer and Sterilizer: A fixture designed to wash bedpans and to flush the contents into the sanitary
drainage system and located adjacent to a water closet or clinical sink. Such fixtures can also be provided for
disinfectingutensilsbyscaldingwithsteamorhotwater.
BRANCH:Anypartofthepipingsystemotherthanariserormain.
BRANCHCONNECTOR:AconnectorbetweenwatermainandbranchpipesbyT,Y,TY,doubleY,andVbranches
accordingtotheirrespectiveshapes.
Building Supply: The water supply pipe carrying potable water from the water meter or other source of water
supplytoabuildingorotherpointofuseordistributiononthelot.
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Contamination:Ageneraltermmeaningtheintroductionintothepotablewatersupplyofchemicals,wastesor
sewagewhichwillrenderthewaterunfitforitsintendedpurpose.
Critical LEVEL: The level at which the vacuum breaker may be submerged before backflow occurs. When the
criticallevelisnotindicatedonthevacuumbreaker,thebottomofthedeviceshallbeconsideredasthecritical
level.
CrossConnection:Anyphysicalconnectionorarrangementbetweentwootherwiseseparatepipingsystems,one
ofwhichcontainspotablewaterandtheothereitherwaterofunknownorquestionablesafetyorsteam,gas,or
chemical whereby there may be a flow from one system to the other, the direction of flow depending on the
pressuredifferentialbetweenthetwosystems(SeeBackflow).
CYLINDER: A cylindrical closed vessel capable of containingwaterunder pressure greater than the atmospheric
pressure.
DevelopedLENGTH:Lengthofapipealongthecenterlineofthepipeandfittings
DistributionPIPE:Anypipeconveyingwaterfromastoragetank/cisternorfromahotwaterapparatussupplied
fromafeedcisternunderpressurefromthatcistern.
Effective OPENING: The minimum crosssectional area at the point of water supply discharge measured or
expressed in terms of (1) diameter of a circle, (2) if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of
equivalentcrosssectionalarea.(Thisisalsoapplicabletoairgap.)
FAUCET:Avalveendofawaterpipebymeansofwhichwatercanbedrawnfromorheldwithinthepipe.
FeedCISTERN:Astoragetank/cisternusedforsupplyingcoldwatertoahotwaterapparatus.
FITTING:Anythingfittedorfixedinconnectionwiththesupply,measurement,control,distribution,utilizationor
disposalofwater."Waterfitting"includespipes(otherthanmains),taps,cocks,valves,ferrules,meters,cisterns,
baths,waterclosets,soilpansandothersimilarapparatususedinconnectionwiththesupplyanduseofwater.
FIXTURE:SeePlumbingFixture.
FixtureBRANCH:Awatersupplypipebetweenthefixturesupplypipeandthewaterdistributionpipe.
FixtureSUPPLY:Awatersupplypipeconnectingthefixturewiththefixturebranch.
FixtureUnit:Aquantityintermsofwhichtheloadproducingeffectsontheplumbingsystemofdifferentkindsof
plumbingfixturesareexpressedonsomearbitrarychosenscale.
FloatOperatedVALVE:SeeBallCock.
FloodLevelRIM:Thetopedgeofareceptaclefromwhichwateroverflows.
FlushTANK:Atanklocatedabovewaterclosets,urinalsorsimilarfixturesforthepurposeofflushingtheusable
portionofthefixture.AlsoknownasFLUSHINGCISTERNandFLUSHOMETERTANK.
FLUSHVALVE:SeeFlushometerValve.
FlushingCISTERN:SeeFlushTank.
FlushometerTANK:SeeFlushTank.
FlushometerVALVE:Adevicelocatedatthebottomofthetank,andwhichdischargesapredeterminedquantity
ofwatertofixturesforflushingpurposesandisclosedbydirectwaterpressureorothermechanicalmeans.Also
knownasFLUSHVALVE.
Full FACILITIES: The modern plumbing facilities allowed to the occupants of modern dwellings or, of VIP hotels
andaccommodations.
ULLOPENVALVE:Ashutoffvalvethatinthefullpositionhasastraightthroughflowpassagewaywithadiameter
notlessthanonenominalpipesizesmallerthannominalpipesizeoftheconnectingpipe.
GEYSER:Anapparatusforheatingwaterwithsupplycontrolontheinletsideanddeliveringitfromanoutlet.
GRADE:Theslopeorfallofalineofpipewithreferencetoahorizontalplane.
HANGERS:SeeSupports.
HorizontalPIPE:Anypipeorfittingwhichisinstalledinahorizontalpositionorwhichmakesananglelessthan45
degreeswiththehorizontal.
HotWaterTANK:Avesselforstoringhotwaterunderpressuregreaterthantheatmosphericpressure.
IndividualWaterSUPPLY:Asupplyotherthananapprovedpublicwatersupplywhichservesoneormorefamilies.
LAGGING:Thematerialusedforthermaloracousticinsulation.

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LiquidWASTE:Thedischargefromanyfixture,applianceorappurtenanceinconnectionwithaplumbingsystem
whichdoesnotreceivefecalmatter.
MAIN:Theprincipalarteryofthesystem,towhichbranchesmaybeconnected,forthepurposeofwatersupply
fromasupplytoindividualconsumers.AlsoknownasWATERMAIN.
MechanicalJoint:Aconnectionbetweenpipes,fittingsorpipesandfittingswhichisneitherscrewed,caulked,
threaded,soldered,solventcemented,brazednorwelded.
OFFSET:Acombinationofapprovedbendsinalineofpipingusedtoconnecttwopipeswhoseaxesareparallel
butnotinline.
PLUMBING: The business, trade or work having to do with the installation, removal, alteration or repair of
plumbinganddrainagesystemsorpartthereof.
Plumbing APPLIANCES:Theplumbingfixtures whoseoperation or control canbedependent upon oneor more
energizedcomponents,suchasmotors,controls,heatingelements,orpressureortemperaturesensingelements.
Plumbing APPURTENANCE: A manufactured device or prefabricated assembly of component parts, which is an
adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures, performing some useful function in the operation,
maintenance,servicing,economyorsafetyoftheplumbingsystem.
Plumbing FIXTURE: A receptacle or device which is either permanently or temporarily connected to the water
distributionsystemofthepremises,anddemandsasupplyofwatertherefrom,ordischargesusedwater,waste
materialsorsewageeitherdirectlyorindirectlytothedrainagesystemofthepremises,orrequiresbothawater
supplyconnectionandadischargetothedrainagesystemofthepremises.AlsoknownasFIXTURE.
Plumbing System : A system of potable water supply and distribution pipes, plumbing fixtures and traps, soil
wasteandventpipes,andsanitaryandstormsewersandbuildingdrainsincludingtheirrespectiveconnections,
devicesandaappurtenanceswithinabuildingorpremises.
PotableWATER:Waterfreefromimpuritieswhichmaycausediseasesorharmfulphysiologicaleffectsandwater
whichissatisfactoryfordrinking,culinaryanddomesticpurposes.
Private/PrivateUSE:Plumbingfixturesintendedfortheuseofafamilyinresidences,orfortherestricteduseof
anindividualincommercialestablishments.
Quick closing VALVE: A valve or faucet that closes automatically when released manually or controlled by
mechanicalmeansforfastactionclosing.
Receptor:Anapprovedplumbingfixtureordeviceofsuchmaterial,shapeandcapacityastoadequatelyreceive
thedischargefromindirectwastepipes,soconstructedandlocatedastobereadilycleaned.
ResidualHEAD:Theheadavailableatanyparticularpointinthedistributionsystem.
RestrictedFACILITIES:Theminimumplumbingfacilitiesacceptablefortheoccupantsoflowincomegroup.
RIM:Anunobstructedopenedgeofafixture.
RISER: A water supply pipe which extends vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches or
fixtures.
ROUGHINGIN: The installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the
installationoffixtures.Thisincludeswatersupply,drainage,ventpipingandnecessarysupports.
ServicePIPE:Thepipethatrunsbetweenthedistributionmaininthestreetandtheriserincaseofamultistoried
buildingorthewatermeterinthecaseofanindividualhouseandissubjecttowaterpressurefromsuchmain.
SlipJOINT:Anadjustabletubingconnection,consistingofacompressionnut,africtionring,andacompression
washer,designedtofitathreadedadapterfitting,orastandardtaperpipethread.
Soldered JOINT: A joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures of alloys which melt at a
temperaturebelow427oCandabove149oC.
StopVALVE:Anydevice(includingastopcockorstoptap)otherthanadrawofftap,forstoppingatwilltheflow
ofwaterinapipe.
Storage Cistern : A container, other than a flashing cistern, having a free water surface under atmospheric
pressureandusedforstorageofwater,andisconnectedtothewatermainortubewellbymeansofsupplypipe.
AlsoknownasSTORAGETANK.
STORAGETANK:SeeSTORAGECISTERN.
Supports: Hangers and anchors or devices for supporting and securing pipe, fixture and equipment to walls,
ceilings,floorsorotherstructuralmembers.AlsoknownasHANGERS.

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TemperedWater:Thewaterrangingintemperaturefrom29oCupto43oC.
VacuumBreaker:Atypeofbackflowpreventerinstalledonopeningssubjecttonormalatmosphericpressure.
Vertical Pipe: Any pipe which is installed in a vertical position or which makes an angle of not more than 45
degreeswiththevertical.
WARMINGPIPE:Anoverflowpipesofixedthatitsoutletwhetherinsideoroutsideabuilding,isinaconspicuous
positionwherethedischargeofanywatertherefromcanbereadilyseen.
Washout Valve: A device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of draining a tank for cleaning,
maintenance,etc.
Water conditioning or Treating Device: A device which conditions or treats a water supply so as to change its
chemicalcontentorremovesuspendedsolidsbyfiltration.
WaterHammerArrester:Adeviceusedtoabsorbthepressuresurge(waterhammer)whichoccurswhenwater
flowissuddenlystoppedinawatersupplysystem.
WaterHeater:Anyheatingdevicethatheatspotablewaterandsuppliesittothepotablehotwaterdistribution
system.
Water Line:A linemarked insideacisterntoindicate the highest water levelatwhichthe ballvalveshould be
adjustedtoshutoff.
WATERMAIN:SeeMAIN.
WaterOutlet:Adischargeopeningthroughwhichwaterissuppliedtoafixture,intotheatmosphere(exceptinto
an open tank which is part of the water supply system), to a boiler or heating system, or to any devices or
equipmentrequiringwatertooperatebutwhicharenotpartoftheplumbingsystem.
Water Supply System : A system consisting of building supply pipe, water distributing pipes, and necessary
connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances carrying or supplying potable water in or
adjacenttothebuildingorpremises.
WeldedJointsorSeam:Anyjointorseamobtainedbythejoiningofmetalpartsintheplasticmoltenstate.

5.3

PERMITFORWATERCONNECTION

5.3.1 RequirementofPermit
Nowatersupplysystemshallbeinstalledinanewbuildinguntilapermitforsuchworkhasbeenissuedbythe
Authority.Theadditionoralterationoftheexistingwatersupplyfacilitiesinabuildingshallalsorequireapermit
fortheirinstallation.
5.3.1.1

ApplicationforPermit(ObtainingPublicSupplyConnection)

Applicationforapermitforwatersupplysystemshallbemadeinwritingbythelicensedplumberandtheowner
or his appointed person(s) or agent on a prescribed form (Appendix 8.5.A). The application shall accompany
buildingdrawingsshowingthewatersupplysystemwiththefollowingdetails:
(a)Siteplansshowingthelocationofwatermain.
(b)Typicalfloorplan(s)andelevationsofthebuildingwiththepositionofdifferentplumbingfixtures
andpiping.
(c)Materials,sizesandgradients(ifany)oftheproposedinterconnectingpipingsystem.
(d)Pipes(ifany)conveyingnonpotablewater(forflushingwaterclosetsandurinals)shallbemarkedby
distinctive(durable)yellowcolor.
(e)Designcalculationsofwaterrequirement,indicatingconsiderationsofpercapitawaterrequirement
andpopulation.

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5.3.1.2

Chapter5

ApplicationofPermitforBulkWaterSupply

In the case of large housing colonies or where new services are so situated that it will be necessary for the
Authoritytolaynewmainsorextendanexistingmain,fullinformationabouttheproposedhousingschemeshall
be furnished to the Authority; information shall also be given regarding their phased requirements of water
supply with full justification. Such information shall include site plans, showing the layout of roads, footpaths,
buildingandboundariesandindicatingthereonthefinishedlineandleveloftheroadsorfootpathsandwater
supplylinesandappurtenances.
5.3.1.3

ApplicationforIndividual(PermissionforDTWInstallation)WaterSupply

For private water supply facility in addition to public water main connection through installing own deep tube
well,permissionmustbesoughtsubmittingapplicationtowatersupplyAuthorityinaprescribedform.Necessity
forsuchconnectionindicatingtotalwaterrequirementshouldbementioned.

5.3.2

JustificationofRequirement

Thedesigncalculationsforwatersupplysystemofhighriseandpublicbuildingsshallbesubmittedalongwiththe
drawingsmentionedinSection5.3.1above.

PermitsandApprovals

5.3.3

TheBuildingOfficialshallexamineorcausetobeexaminedtheapplicationforapermitandamendmentsthereto
within45daysfromthedayofreceiptofsuchapplication.Iftheapplicationdoesnotconformtotheprovisionsof
this Code, it shall be rejected in writing, stating the reasons therefore. If the proposed work satisfies the
provisionsofthisCode(Section5.3.2and5.3.3),theAuthorityshallissueanontransferablepermit.

CompletionCertificate

5.3.4

Oncompletionoftheplumbingworkforthewatersupplysystem,thelicensedplumbershallgiveacompletion
certificate in the prescribed form (Appendix 8.5.B) to the Authority for getting the water connection from the
mains.

LICENSING/REGISTRATIONOFPLUMBERS

5.4
5.4.1

LicenseRequirement

Plumbing work shall be executed only by a licensed plumber under the control of the Authority and shall be
responsibletocarryoutalllawfuldirectionsgivenbytheAuthority.Noindividual,partnership,corporationorfirm
shallengageinthebusinessofinstallation,repairoralterationofwatersupplysystemwithoutobtainingalicense
fromtheAuthority.

ExaminationandCertificationofPlumber

5.4.2

TheAuthorityshallestablishaplumbersselectionandexaminationboard.Theboardwilldetermine:
a) Therequirementsofobtaininglicense,i.e.,
(i)

minimumacademicqualification

(ii)

minimumpracticalvocationalandothertraining

(iii)

minimumyearsofexperience

(iv)

totalvolumeofworksdoneand

b) Finally,establishstandardsandproceduresforexaminationoftheapplicantsforlicense.
TheAuthoritywillissuelicensetosuchapplicantswhomeetthequalificationsthereofandsuccessfullypassthe
examinationconductedbytheboard.

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AnnulmentofLicense

5.4.3

The license of a plumber may be annulled by the Authority, if it is proved that a plumbing work has been
completed and certified by the licensed plumber violating the provisions of this Code and deliberately setting
asidetheapprovalsgiveninthepermitorwithoutreceivingthepermitfromtheAuthority.

5.5

WATERSUPPLYREQUIREMENTS

5.5.1

General

5.5.1.1

Buildingsequippedwithplumbingfixturesandusedforhumanoccupancyorhabitationshallbe
providedwiththesupplyofcoldpotablewaterintheamountsspecifiedinSection5.5.2to5.5.4and
atthepressuresspecifiedinSection5.10.4.2and5.10.4.3.Onlypotablewatershallbeaccessibleto
theplumbingfixturessupplyingwaterfordrinking,bathing,culinaryuseandfortheprocessingof
food.

5.5.1.2

Nonpotablewatermaybeusedforflushingwaterclosetsandurinalsprovidedsuchwatershallnotbe
accessiblefordrinkingorsuchotherpurposes.

WaterRequirementforDomesticUse

5.5.2

Water requirement for domestic purposes should be classified according to the socioeconomic status, type of
habitants,populationoftheareaandpublicfacilitiespresent.
Socioeconomicgroups:
(a) HighIncomegroupmonthlyIncome>1lactaka
(b) MiddleIncomegroupmonthlyIncome>30,0001lac
(c) lowincomegroupmonthlyIncome<20,000taka
TypeofHabitants/Population
(a) CityCorporationareas,bigcitiesPopulation>0.5million
(b) Smalldistricttowns,UpazilasandUrbangrowthcenterspopulation>0.1million
(c) Villageareaspopulation<0.05million

Water requirements for daily domestic use of a building shall be assessed on the basis of the one or a
combinationofthefollowingtwomethods:
(a) Number of occupants according to their occupancy classification and their water requirements as
specifiedinTable8.5.1(a).toTable8.5.1(d)
(b) PeakdemandormaximumprobableflowspecifiedinSectionP3andP4intheAppendix8.5.C.

Table8.5.1(a):WaterConsumptionforDomesticPurposes(Cities/BigDistrictTowns)[InResidentialBuildings]

8212

Cat

Socioeconomicgroup,TypeofBuilding&OtherFacilities

WaterConsumption

BigCities/CityCorporationArea/BigDistrictTowns

FullFacility

RestrictedFacility

(Population>0.5million)

(lpcd)

(lpcd)

Highincomegroup:

a1

SingleFamilyDwellingwithGarden&Carwashing

260

200

a2

BigMultiFamilyApartment/Flat(>2500sft)

200

150

Middleincomegroup:

b1

Officer'sQrt./Colony&moderateApartment(<2000sft)

180

135

b2

Smallbuilding/StaffQrt.&smallApartment(<1500sft)

120

Lowincomegroup:

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c1

JuniorstaffQrt./flat(<1000sft)&temporaryshade

80

c2

Standpostconnectioninthefringearea

65

c3

Commonyard(standpost)connectioninthefringearea

50

c4

Slumdwellerscollectionfromroadsidepublicstandpost

40

Table8.5.1(b):WaterRequirementforDomesticPurposes(DistrictTowns/Upazilas/UrbangrowthCentres)
[InResidentialBuildings]
Cat

Socioeconomicgroup,TypeofBuilding&OtherFacilities

WaterConsumption

Small District Towns/ Upajilas & Urban Growth Centre FullFacility

(Population>0.1million)
(lpcd)

Middleincomegroup:

a1

SingleFamilyDwellingwithGarden

150

a2

Officer'sQrt./Colony&moderateApartment(<2000sft)

135

a3

Smallbuilding/StaffQrt.&smallApartment(<1500sft)

120

Lowincomegroup:

b1

JuniorstaffQrt./flat(<1000sft)&temporaryshade

80

b2

PrivateStandpostconnectioninthefringearea

65

b3

Commonyard(standpost)connectioninthefringearea

50

b4

Slumdwellerscollectionfromroadsidepublicstandpost

40

RestrictedFacility
(lpcd)

Table8.5.1(c):WaterRequirementforDomesticPurposes(VillageAreasandSmallCommunities)[InResidentialBuildings]

Cat

Socioeconomicgroup,TypeofBuilding&OtherFacilities

VillageAreas/SmallCommunityfromhandtubewell,
dugwells,ponds&rivers(Nonpipedwatersupplysystem)

WaterConsumption
FullFacility

RestrictedFacility

(lpcd)

(lpcd)

a1

PrivateSource(OwnTubewell/dugwell&pond)

5060

a2

PublicSources(PublicTW/Dugwell/othersources)

4050

5.5.3

WaterRequirementforFireFighting

5.5.3.1

The Authority shall make provision to meet the water supply requirements for fire fighting in the
city/area,dependingonthepopulationdensityandtypesofoccupancy.

5.5.3.2

Provision shall be made by the owner of the building for water supply requirements for firefighting
purposeswithinthebuilding,dependingupontheheightandoccupancyofthebuilding,inconformity
withtherequirementslaiddowninPart4FireProtection.

5.5.3.3

Therequirementsregardingwatersupplyinstoragetanks,capacityoffirepumps,arrangementsofwet
risercumdowncomer and wet riser installations for buildings above 15 m in height, depending upon
theoccupancyuse,shallbeinaccordancewithSection4.2ofPart4.

5.5.4
5.5.4.1

WaterRequirementforSpecialEquipment
Watersupplyinmanybuildingsisalsorequiredformanyotherapplicationsotherthandomesticuse,
whichmustbeidentifiedintheinitialstagesofplanningsoastoprovidetherequisitewaterquantity,
storagecapacityandpressureasrequiredforeachapplication.

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5.5.4.2

Insuchinstancesinformationaboutthewateruseandthequalityrequiredmaybeobtainedfromthe
users.Sometypicalusesotherthandomesticuseandfirefightingpurposesareairconditioningandair
washing, swimming pools and water bodies and gardening. The water requirement for special
equipmentlikeairconditioningorsuchothersshallbebasedonthespecificationofthemanufacturer.

Table8.5.1(d):DomesticWaterRequirementsforVariousothersOccupanciesandFacilityGroups

Classof

ForFulla

ForRestricted

Occupancy

OccupancyGroups

Facilities

Facilities

(lpcd)

(lpcd)

OccupancyA:

A1:Mess,Hostels,orBoardingHouse

135

70

Residential

A2:MinimumStandardHousing

70

A3:HotelsorLodgingHouse(Perbed)

300

135

A4:Hotel(upto4Star)

180

A5:Hotels(upto5Star)

320

A6:GardeningandSprinkling

A7:CarWashing
OccupancyB:

B1:EducationalFacilities

70

45

Educational

B2:PreschoolFacilities

50

35

OccupancyC:

C1:InstitutionforChildren'sCare

180

100

Institutional

C2:CustodianInstitutionforCapable

180

100

C3:CustodianInstitutionforIncapable

120

70

C4:PenalandMentalInstitution

120

70

OccupancyD:

D1:NormalMedicalFacilities/SmallHospitals

340

225

HealthCare

D2:BigHospitals(Over100beds)

450

250

D3:EmergencyMedicalFacilities

300

135

D4:Nurses&MedicalQuarters

250

135

Table8.5.1(d)Cont.:DomesticWaterRequirementsforVariousothersOccupanciesandFacilityGroups

OccupancyGroups

ForFulla
Facilities
(lpcd)

ForRestricted
Facilities
(lpcd)

OccupancyE:

E1:LargeAssemblywithFixedSeats(perseat)

90

45

Assembly

E2:SmallAssemblywithFixedSeats(perseat)

90

45

E3:LargeAssemblywithoutFixedSeatsb

E4:SmallAssemblywithoutFixedSeats

E5:SportsFacilities

OccupancyF:

F1:Offices

45

30

Businessand

F2:SmallShopsandMarkets

45

30

Mercantile

F3:LargeShopsandMarkets

45

30

Classof
Occupancy

8214

F4:GarageandPetrolStations

70

45

F5:EssentialServices

70

45

F6:Restaurant

70

50

OccupancyG:

G1:LowHazardIndustries

40

25

Industrial

G2:ModerateHazardsIndustries

40

25

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OccupancyH:

H1:LowFireRiskStorage

10

Storage

H2:ModerateFireRiskStorage

10

OccupancyJ:

J1:ExplosiveHazardBuilding

Hazardous

J2:ChemicalHazardBuilding

OccupancyKc

K1:PrivateGarage&SpecialStructure

Miscellaneous

K2:Fences,TanksandTowers

aForfullfacilityinoccupancyclassificationsA,B,CandD,thewaterrequirementvalueincludes25%hotwater.
bInthecaseofmosques,thewaterrequirementsgivenaboveshallbeadequateforablutionandotherusesof
onedevoteeperprayer.TheappropriateLPCDvaluemaybecalculatedonthisbasis.
cWaterrequirementforoccupancyKisshownasaprovisionforunknownvisitorsonly.

5.6

ESTIMATIONOFDEMANDLOAD

5.6.1

Estimatesoftotalwatersupplyrequirementsforbuildingsshallbebasedontheestimationoftotalpresentand
predictedfuturepopulationandpercapitawaterrequirementasmentionedinsection5.5.

5.6.2

Inmakingassessmentofwatersupplyrequirementsoflargecomplexes,thefutureoccupantloadshallbekeptin
view.Usemaybemadeofthefollowingmethodsforestimatingfuturerequirements
(a) demographicmethodofpopulationprojection,
(b) arithmeticprogressionmethod,
(c) geometricalprogressionmethod,
(d) methodofvaryingincrementorincrementalincrease,
(e) logisticmethod,
(f) graphicalprojectionmethod,and
(g) graphicalcomparisonmethod.

5.6.3

Forresidentialbuildings,therequirementsofwatershallbebasedontheactualnumberofoccupants;wherethis
information is not available, the number of occupants for each residential unit may be based on a family size
around 5 (five). For assessing the population in other occupants, reference may be made to Part 4 Fire
Protection.

5.6.4

Toestimateofficebuildingoccupancy,allow7.49.3sqm(80100sqft)offloorspaceperperson,dependingon
thetypeofofficebuilding,exclusiveofelevatorandstairspace,corridors,orserviceareas.

5.6.5

Todeterminethepresentandfuturewaterrequirement:
(a) Classify the total population based on the basis socioeconomic status (Higher/middle/lower income
group&slumdwellers)
(b) Determinepercapitawaterrequirementfordifferentcategories(types)ofpeople fordifferenttypeof
domestic,recreational,andcommercialuses.
(c) Multiplythepopulationwithpercapitawaterconsumptiontodeterminethepresentandfuturewater
requirement.

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5.7

WATERSOURCESANDQUALITY

5.7.1

SourcesofWater

Theoriginofallsourcesofwaterisrainfall,Watercanbecollectedasitfallsasrainbeforeitreachestheground;
or as surface water when it flows over the ground or is pooled in lakes or ponds; or as ground water when it
percolates into the ground and flows or collects as ground water; or from the sea into which it finally flows.
Surfacewatersarephysicallyandmicrobiallycontaminatedandcannotbeusedwithouttreatment,ontheother
handgroundwatersourcesarechemicallycontaminatedandtreatmentmaybenecessaryinmanycases.

5.7.2

QualityofWater

ThequalityofwatertobeusedfordrinkingshallbemaintainedusingWHOWaterSafetyPlan(WSP)andatleast
complywiththeBangladeshStandard(ECR,1997)andWHOGuidelineValues(2004)aspresentedinTable5.Q1
ofAppendix8.5.D.Forpurposesotherthandrinking,waterifsuppliedseparately,shallbeabsolutelysafefrom
bacteriological contamination so as to ensure that there is no danger to the health of the users due to such
contaminants.

5.7.3

WasteWaterReclamation

Treatedsewageorotherwastewaterofthecommunitymaybeutilizedfornondomesticpurposessuchaswater
for cooling, flushing, lawns, parks, fire fighting and for certain industrial purposes after giving the necessary
treatmenttosuitthenatureoftheuse.Thissupplysystemshallbeallowedinresidencesonlyifproperprovision
ismadetoavoidanycrossconnectionofthistreatedwastewaterwithdomesticwatersupplysystem.
Wheneverabuildingisusedafterlongintervals,thewaterqualityofthestoredwatermustbecheckedsoasto
ensurethatthewaterissafeforuseasperwaterqualityrequirementsspecifiedinthisCode.

5.8

WATERSUPPLYSYSTEM

Eachfloororunitwithinthewatersupplysystemshallbeprovidedwithacontrolvalveinadditiontothemain
controlvalveattheentranceofthesystem.Oneofthefollowingpublicwatersupplysystemsshallbeadoptedfor
distributingwatertotheplumbingfixtureswithinthebuilding[Figures8.5.C.2(a),2(b)&2(c)ofAppendix8.5.C]

5.8.1

DirectConnectiontoWaterMain

For continuous water supply system with sufficient pressure to feed all plumbing fixtures during peak demand
period,thedirectconnectionofwaterdistributionsystemtothewatermainsmaybeadopted.However,direct
pumpingfromthepublicwatermainshouldstrictlybeprohibited.

5.8.2

SystemIncorporatingBalancingRoofTank

Forcontinuouswatersupplysystemwithinadequatepressureonlyduringpeakdemandhourorforintermittent
water supply with sufficient pressure to feed balancing tank, a balancing roof tank shall be required to feed
plumbing fixtures within the building. The connection to the balancing roof tank from the water main or from
groundtankorfromindividualwatersourcesshallbethroughanonreturnvalve.

5.8.3

SystemIncorporatingGroundTank

Forwatersupplysystemwithinadequatepressuretofeedplumbingfixturesorbalancingrooftank,thebuilding
premises shall have a ground (or underground) tank to store water. The water from the ground tank shall be
boosteduptotherooftanktofeedplumbingfixtures.Theconnectionofwatermaintothegroundtankshallbe
throughaballvalvesystem.Installationofboosterpumpdirectlyintothewatermainshallnotbeallowed.Since,
this system cannot ensure protection against possible contamination (particularly during flood), disinfection
systemshouldbeincorporated.

5.8.4

IndividualWaterSupply

In the absence of a public water supply system, or In case of need of additional supply of water, the building
premisesshallhaveindividualwatersupplyasspecifiedinSection5.23.1.Thewaterfromthesources(DTW)shall
beboosteduptotheroofstoragetanktofeedplumbingfixtures.Thesystemshallbeprotectedasspecifiedin
Section5.13.3to5.23.7.

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5.9

STORAGEOFWATER

5.9.1

CapacityofStorageTank

5.9.1.1

Chapter5

Thetypeandcapacityofastoragetankshallbedeterminedconsideringthefollowingfactors:
(a) Therateandregularityofsupply;
(b) Thefrequencyofreplenishmentofthestoragetankduring24hours;
(c) Buildingoccupancyclassification;
(d) Hoursofsupplyofwateratsufficientlyhighpressuretofilluptheroofstoragetankinabsenceofaground
(orunderground)storagetank;
(e) Theamountofwaterrequiredforfirefightingandmethodoffirefightingsystem(Section4.2,Part4)
(f) Theamountofwaterrequiredbyspecialequipment(Section5.5.4).

5.9.1.2

Thesizeandvolumeofastoragetankshallbecalculatedconsideringthefollowingfactors:
a) Theamountofstoragetobeprovidedisafunctionofcapacityofthedistributionnetwork,thelocationofthe
servicestorage,andtheusetowhichitistobeput.
b) Tocomputetherequiredequalizingoroperatingstorage,amassdiagramorhydrographindicatingthehourly
rateofconsumptionisrequired.
Theproceduretobeusedindeterminingtheneededstoragevolumefollows:
a) Obtainahydrographofhourlydemandsforthemaximumday,throughastudyofavailablerecords.
b) Tabulatethehourlydemanddataforthemaximumdayanddrawacumulativedemandcurve,
c) The required operating storage is found by comparing (maximum deviation) the cumulative demand
curve(SShapedCurve)withcumulativepumpingcurve(Straightline)plottedonit..
c) Therequiredcapacityofatankvarieswiththecapacityandrunningtimeofthehouseorfillpumps,however,
followingproceduremaybefollowedtodeterminethecapacityofstoragetanksandpump:
a) Capacity of Roof Tank = x Total daily demand of water (m3) + 1 hr. reserve (m3) for firefighting
requirement(fortallbuilding).Therefore,twotimesfillingofrooftankwillmeetthedailyrequirement.
b) CapacityofDeliveryPump=Peakhourlydemandofwater,lph.Therefore,dailypumpingperiodwould
bearound78hours(23hoursinthemorning+3hoursintheafternoon+2hoursintheevening).
c) Capacity of Under Ground Reservoir = 1 x Total daily demand of water (m3) + 1 hr. reserve (m3) for
firefighting(fortallbuilding).Foremergencyrequirement23daysdailydemandofwaterissometimes
stored.

5.9.2

ConstructionofStorageTank

5.9.2.1

General

Storagetankshallbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandcleaning.Thetankshallbeprovidedwithadequatesize
ofvalveddrainsatitslowestpointinaccordancewithTable8.5.2.Thewatersupplyinletintothestoragetank
shallbeatanelevationthatisrequiredforanairgapinanopentankwithoverflow(Section5.18.6)or100mm

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abovetheoverflowwhicheverisgreater.Thediameterofoverflowpipeshallnotbelessthanthesizeshownin
Table8.5.3forthespecificdischargeintostoragetank.Thestoragetankshallbeequippedwithwatertightand
verminandrodentproofcover.Thetankshallbeprovidedwithreturnbendventpipewithanopenareanotless
thanhalftheareaoftheriser(upfeedordownfeed).Allopenings(overflowpipeandventpipe)shallbeprovided
with corrosion resistant screens against the entrance of insects and vermin. There must be at least two
compartments/unitsforalternativecleaning.

Table8.5.2:SizesofStorageTankDrainagePipes
TankCapacity(V)
inLitres( )

DiameterofDrainage Pipe
(mm)

V2800

25

2800<V5500

38

5500<V11000

50

11000<V19000

63

19000<V28000

75

28000<V

100
Table8.5.3:SizesofOverflowPipesforStorageTank

MaximumDischarge(Q)of
WaterSupplyPipeintoStorageTank(l/min)

DiameterofOverflowPipe
(mm)

Q190

50

190<Q570

63

570<Q760

75

760<Q1500

100

1500<Q2650

125

2650<Q3800

150

3800<Q

200

5.9.2.2

RoofStorageTank

Theroofstoragetankshallbeconstructedwithprestressedorreinforcedconcreteorferrocementorgalvanized
steel or of the material that will resist any action by the plain or chlorinated water. The tank shall be made of
watertightwithouttheuseofputty.Tanksmadeofnongalvanizedmetalsheetsshallbecoatedinternallywitha
nontoxicmaterialwhichdoesnotimpartatasteorodor.Themetalstoragetankshallbecoatedexternallywitha
goodqualityanticorrosiveweatherresistantpaint.Theoutletofstoragetanktothedistributionsystemshallbeat
least50mmabovethetankbottom.
Toprovidesufficientpressure,thebottomofthetankmustbeelevatedsufficientlyabovethehighestfloorwater
fixtures.
Ventpipeshouldbeprovidetoavoidanyairlockandshouldbeplacedwherethehorizontalbranchpipesconnect
theverticaldownfeedpipes(notadjacenttostoragetankandatinterconnectionplacebetweenstoragetank
anddistributionpipes).
5.9.2.3

GroundorUndergroundStorageTank

The ground or underground storage tank shall be constructed of either prestressed or reinforced concrete or
ferrocement.Thetankshallbeabsolutelywaterproofandhaveawatertightcastironmanholecoversuitablefor
inspection.Theinsideandoutsideofthetankmaybecoatedwithnontoxicandwaterproofmaterials.Theground
tank shall be placed at a location so as to avoid contamination by flood water or any other sources. Each
compartment/units should be divided in two chambers with provision of sump for longer contact time with
chlorineandeasycleaning

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5.10

DESIGNOFDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM

5.10.1

RateofFlowofWater

Chapter5

Oneoftheimportantitemsthatneedstobedeterminedbeforethesizesofpipesandfittingsforanypartofthe
waterpipingsystemmaybedecidedupon,istherateofflowintheservicepipewhich,inturndependsuponthe
numberofhoursforwhichthesupplyisavailableatsufficientlyhighpressure.Ifthenumberofhoursforwhich
thesupplyisavailableisless,therewillbelargenumberoffittingsinusesimultaneouslyandtherateofflowwill
becorrespondinglylarge.
Thedatarequiredfordeterminingthesizeofthecommunicationandservicepipesare:
a) themaximumrateofdischargerequiredatpeakdemandperiod(Peakhourlydemandofwater)
Total

daily requiremen t of water

XPeakFactor(usually2.2)

Hours of water consumptio n ( usually 15 17 hours )

b) thelengthofthepipe;and
c)

theheadlossbyfrictioninpipes,fittingsandmeters.Forheadlosscalculationinpipingsystem
i)

DeterminethetotallengthofpipeandcalculatetheequivalentPipeLength(HeadLossfrombend,gatevalves,reducer
etc.)fromTables8.5.C2(a),C2(b)andC(c)ofAppendix8.5.C.

ii)

Assumetheprobablemaximumvelocityofflow(v)ortentativediameterofpipes(d),
consideringmaximumpermissibleheadlossof1.51.6m/100m

For13mmand50mmdiameterpipe:0.300.60m/sec
For75mmand100mmdiameterpipe:0.750.90m/sec
For150mmand200mmdiameterpipe:1.151.30m/sec

iii) Determinationoftotalheadloss(hf)fromHazenWilliam'sNomograph(Figure8.5.C.4ofAppendix8.5.C)orfrictionloss
4 fLv2
formula,hf= 2 gd where,f=frictionlossfactor,L=lengthofpipe,v=velocityofflowandd=diameterofpipe.

5.10.2 DischargeComputation
5.10.2.1

BasedonFixtureUnitsThedesignoftheconsumerspipesorthesupplypipetothefixturesisbasedon:
a) thenumberandkindoffixturesinstalled;
b) thefixtureunitflowrate;and
c) theprobablesimultaneoususeofthesefixtures.
Theratesatwhichwaterisdesirablydrawnintodifferenttypesoffixturesareknown.Theseratesbecomewhole
numbersofsmallsizewhentheyareexpressedinfixtureunit.Thefixtureunitsfordifferentsanitaryappliancesor
groupsofappliancesaregiveninthefollowingTable8.5.4
Table8.5.4:FixtureUnitfordifferentTypesofFixtureswithInletPipeDiameter

SlNo.

TypeofFixture

FixtureUnit(FU)

MinimumSizeof

AsLoadFactor

FixtureBranch,mm

AblutionTap

15

Bathtubsupplywithspout

15

ShowerStallDomestic

15

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SlNo.

5.10.2.2

TypeofFixture

FixtureUnit(FU)
AsLoadFactor

MinimumSizeof
FixtureBranch,mm

ShowerinGroupperhead

15

WashBasin(DomesticUse)

15

WashBasin(PublicUse)

15

WashBasin(Surgical)

15

KitchenSink(DomesticUse)

15/20

WashingMachine

15/20

10

DrinkingFountain

0.5

15

ProbableSimultaneousDemand(HunterCurve)

Thepossibilitythatallwatersupplytapsinanysystemindomesticandcommercialusewilldrawwateratthe
same time are extremely remote. Designing the water mains for the gross flow will result in bigger and
uneconomicalpipemainsandisnotnecessary.AprobabilitystudymadebyHuntersuggeststherelationshipas
showninFigure8.5.C.1ofAppendix8.5.C,andmayalsobecalculatedfromTable8.5.5.

5.10.3

PipeSizeComputation

Commerciallyavailablestandardsizesofpipesareonlytobeusedagainstthesizesarrivedatbyactualdesign.
Therefore, several empirical formulae are used, even though they give less accurate results. The Hazen and
Williamsformulaandthechartsbasedonthesamemaybeusedwithoutanyriskofinaccuracyinviewofthefact
that the pipes normally to be used for water supply are of smaller sizes. Nomogram of Hazen and Williams
equationhasbeenprovidedinFigure8.5.C.4ofAppendix8.5.C.

5.10.4

GeneralFeaturesofDistributionSystemDesign

5.10.4.1

The water supply system shall be designed to supply minimum but requisite quantity of water to all fixtures,
devicesandappurtenancesineverysectionofthebuildingwithadequatepressure.Thedesignrequirementsofa
watersupplysystemarepresentedinTable8.5.6.
5.10.4.2

For a down feed water distribution system (roof tank supply), static pressure due to gravity increases with
increasing floor height (4.32 psi or 0.3 Bar per floor of 10 ft. height at non flow condition). Therefore, water
distributionpipeinabuildingshallbemaintainedatapressuresothatnoneoftheirfittingsshallaresubjecttoa
waterheadgreaterthan35m(approximately50psi).
Table8.5.5:ProbableSimultaneousDemand

No.of

SystemwithFlushTanks

SystemwithFlushValves

FixtureUnits

Demand(BasedonFixtureUnits)

Demand(AfterHunter)

FlowinLitre

UnitRateof

FlowinLitre

FIow )

perMinute

FIow1)

perMinute

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

20

2.0

56.6

4.7

133.1

40

3.3

93.4

6.3

178.4

60

4.3

121.8

7.4

209.5

80

5.1

144.4

8.3

235.0

100

5.7

161.4

9.1

257.7

120

6.4

181.2

9.8

277.5

140

7.1

201.0

10.4

294.5

160

7.6

215.2

11.0

311.5

180

8.2

232.2

11.6

328.5

UnitRateof
1

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Chapter5

200

8.6

243.5

12.3

348.3

220

9.2

260.5

12.7

359.6

240

9.6

271.8

13.1

370.9

300

11.4

322.8

14.7

416.2

400

14.0

396.4

17.0

481.4

500

16.7

472.9

19.0

538.0

600

19.4

549.3

21.1

597.5

700

21.4

606.0

23.0

651.3

800

24.1

682.4

24.5

693.7

900

26.1

739.0

26.1

739.0

1000

28.1

795.7

Unitrateofflow=Effectivefixtureunits.

5.10.4.3

795.7

28.1

ThedistributionsystemshallbemaintainedatapressurenotlessthanthosespecifiedinTable8.5.6duringpeak
demandperiod.
5.10.4.4

TheminimumsizeofsupplypipefordifferentfixturesshallbeinaccordancewithTable8.5.6.Thefixturesupply
shallnotterminatemorethan0.76m(2.5ft)fromthepointofconnectiontothefixture.Areducedsizeflexible
waterconnectionpipeshallbeused.
5.10.4.5

Thewaterflowvelocityinthedistributionsystemshallbecontrolledtominimizethepossibilityofwaterhammer.
5.10.4.6

Thedesignofwaterdistributionsystemshallconformtoapprovedengineeringpractices.Analternativeguideto
thedesignofabuildingwaterdistributionsystemisalsopresentedinAppendix8.5.C.
Note: Thesizingofwaterdistributionpipingwithinthebuildingmaybemadeeitherbyconsideringthevelocity
of flow or by velocity of flow and pressure loss as governing parameters. The first method have limited
applicationforoneortwostoreybuildingsprovidedtheminimumavailablepressureissufficienttooperatethe
highest ormost remote fixtures duringpeakdemand period. The secondmethod provides betterestimate of
pipesizesforawaterdistributionsystem.

5.10.5

DesignofWaterDistributionPump

Thecapacityofawaterdeliverypumpcanbecalculatedfromtheestimatedmaximumrateofflow(Q)ofwaterin
gpm,andtotalhead(H=hs+hd+hf+hv)ofsupplyofwaterinftandusingthefollowingformula:
BreakHorsePower,BHP= H x Q xEfficiencyofpumpin%.
3960

Statichead,hsisthetotalsuctionliftofwater(sumofverticaldistancebetweentheundergroundreservoirand
pumplevelanddeliveryhead,hdistheverticaldistancebetweenthepumplevelandrooftankstoragepoint.
Frictional head loss, hf can be determined for whole length (vertical and horizontal) of pipe flow using the
proceduresdescribedinsection5.10.1(c).
v2

Velocityhead,hv= 2 g where,v=velocityofflowofwateratthedischargepointintherooftank.

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5.11

WATERDISTRIBUTIONINTALLBUILDINGS

5.11.1

DistributionMethods

In tall buildings some of the fixtures at the lower level may be subject to excessive pressure. The sanitary
appliancesandfittingsintallbuildingsshallnotbesubjecttoapressureofgreaterthan350kPa.Thisshallbe
achievedbyoneoracombinationofthefollowingtwomethods:
a)ZoningFloorsbyIntermediateTank:Highrisebuildingsshallbezonedbyprovidingintermed4atetankson
differentfloors,eachfeedingazonerangingfrom56storeyssothattheplumbingfixturesarenotsubjectedto
excessive pressure.Distribution in each zone shallbethroughindependent downtakepipes from intermediate
tanksasshowninFigures8.5.C.3(a),8.5.C.3(b),8.5.C.3(c)and8.5.C.3(d)ofAppendix8.5.C.Thefloorsonwhich
anintermediatetanksarelocatedshallbefedfromthestoryaboveit.
i) SystemIncorporatingIntermediateTanksSuppliedbyStorageTankWaterrequiredforthebuilding
shall be pumped from the underground tank to the storage tank. The intermediate tanks shall be fed
fromthestoragetankthroughaseparatedowntakepipe.
ii) System Incorporating Intermediate Tanks Supplied by Independent Pumps Alternatively the
intermediatetanksmaybesuppliedfromtheundergroundtankthroughindependentpumps
Table8.5.6:WaterSupplySystemDesignRequirements

Fixture

SupplyControl

MinimumSizeof Required Flow Required

SupplyPipe
Pressure
FlowRate
(mm)
(kPa)
(lpm)

Bathroomgroup

Flushtank

55

Bathroomgroup

Flushometervalve

55

Bathtub

Faucet

13

55

15.1

Clotheswasher

13

55

Combinationfixture

Faucet

13

55

Dishwashingmachine

13

55

10.4

Drinkingfountain

Faucet

13

55

2.8

Kitchensink

Faucet

13

55

9.5

Laundrytray

Faucet

13

55

15.1

Washbasin

Faucet

19

55

Pedestalurinal

Flushtank

13

55

56.8

Pedestalurinal

Flushometervalve

19

100

56.8

Restaurantsink

Faucet

19

55

Servicesink

Faucet

13

55

11.4

Showerhead

Mixingvalve

13

55

11.4

Watercloset

Flushtank

19

55

11.4

Watercloset

Flushometertank

19

55

6.1

Watercloset

Flushometervalve

25

100

132

13
19
25

55
55
100

Forfixturenotlistedherebutmaximum
supplysizerequirement

Note:1psi=6.895kPa(1kPa=0.145psi),1gallon=3.785liter

b) SystemIncorporatingPressureReducingValves:Theexcessivepressuressufferedbydifferentfixturesshall
beminimizedbypressurereductionvalves.
c) HydroPneumatic System: This system may be adopted where the source is independent of public water
supplysystem.Inthissystemthesupplyshallbethroughapneumaticpressurevesselfittedwithaccessories
like nonreturn and pressure relief valves. The pump and compressor shall be automatically controlled
throughanelectriccontrolpaneltoprovideairandwaterasandwhenneeded.

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5.11.2

Chapter5

RecirculationofWasteWater

Recirculationofcoolingwaterand/orwastewaterfromwashbasintothecisternofwaterclosetsandurinalsin
the lower floor may be provisioned only through a separate tank. No connection between the potable water
supplylineandtherecirculatedwastewaterlineshallbeallowedwithorwithoutanynonreflexornonreturn
valves.

5.12

HOTWATERSUPPLYINSTALLATION

5.12.1

HotWaterRequirements

For a residential building, hot water may be supplied to all plumbing fixtures and equipment used for bathing,
washing,cleansing,laundryandculinarypurposes.Foranonresidentialbuilding,hotwatermaybesuppliedfor
bathingandwashingpurposes.WaterrequirementforhotwatersupplyshallbeinaccordancewithSection5.5.

5.12.2

StorageTemperature

Thedesignofhotwatersupplysystemmaybebaseduponthefollowingtemperaturerequirement:

Scalding

68oC

Hotbath

41oC

Warmbath

37oC

Tepidbath

30oC

Sink

5.12.3

60oC

StorageCapacity

Thecapacityofhotwatervesselshallbebasedonthemaximumshorttimedemandofthepremises.

5.12.4

HotWaterHeater

Thehotwaterheatershallconformtothefollowingstandards:BS758,BS779,BS843,BS855,BS1250,BS2883
andthosespecifiedinPart5ofthisCode.

5.12.5

ColdWaterSupplyConnectiontoWaterHeaters

Theconnectionofcoldwatersupplypipingintowaterheatershallbemadenearitsbottom.Theminimumsizeof
coldwatersupplypipingshallbebasedontheprobablehotwaterdemandofdifferentfixturesbutnotlessthan
25mm.Thesupplypipeshalldelivercoldwaterintohotwatercylinderasfollows:
a) The water heater (electric or gas) of less than 15 liters storage capacity may be directly connected to the
watermainthroughanonreturnvalve.
b) Thestorageheaterof20to70literscapacitymaybeconnecteddirectlytothewatermainthroughanon
return valve and with an additional device that will prevent the siphonage of hot water back to the water
main.
c) Theenclosedwaterheaterwithstoragecapacitygreaterthan70litersshallbefedfromthestoragetank.This
waterheatershallnotbeconnecteddirectlytothewatermain.
d) Thewatersupplyconnectiontoanopenvesseltypewaterheatermaybemadewithanairgapofatleast15
mmabovethetopedgeofthewaterheater.Ballvalveconnectionshallnotbeusedtocontroltheflowof
waterintothiswaterheater.

5.12.6

HotWaterDistributionPiping

Theconnectionofhotwaterdistribution pipetothehotwatercylindershallbeatthetopofthecylinder.The
installationofpipingshallbesuchastoavoidairlock.Incaseofhotwaterhorizontalpipingthegradientshallnot
belessthan1in250.

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5.12.6.1

TheprocedureforsizingmaybethesameasthatforcoldwaterdistributionsysteminSec5.10butinnocase
shallthesizebelessthanthatspecifiedinTable8.5.7.
Table8.5.7:MinimumPipeSizeforHotWaterPiping
DifferentPipes

MinimumDiameter(mm)

Thesizeofmaindistributingpipethatsupplieshotwatertothefixtures 25
inthesamestoreyofthehotwatercylinder
Thesizeofmaindistributingpipethatsupplieshotwatertothefixtures 19
notinthesamestoreyofhotwatercylinder

5.12.6.2

Branchpipesupplyinghotwatertothebathtuborshower

19

Branchpipesupplyinghotwatertothesink

19

Branchpipesupplyinghotwatertothewashbasin

19

The design consideration of hot water piping shall be such that hot water will appear quickly at the outlet of
differentfixtures.Toimprovethesituation,asecondarycirculationsystemwithflowandreturnpipefromandto
thehotwatercylinder(Fig8.5.1)maybeadopted.Thelengthofhotwaterdistributionpipemeasuredalongthe
pipefromthetopofdrawofftaptothehotwatercylinderorthesecondarycirculationpipeshallnotexceedthe
lengthprescribedinTable8.5.8.Thedrawofftapshallnotbeconnectedtotheprimaryfloworreturnpipe.
Table8.5.8:MaximumPermissibleLengthofHotWaterDrawOffPipe

5.12.7

LargestInternalDiameter(D)ofPipe

LengthofPipe(m)

D<19mm

12

20mm<D<25mm

7.5

25mm<D

VentPipe

Thepressuretypehotwaterheatershallbeprovidedwithaventpipeofnotlessthan19mmdiameter.Thevent
pipeshallriseverticallyabovethewaterlineofcoldwatertankbyatleast150mmplus1mmforevery30mm
heightofwaterlineabovethebottomofthewaterheater.
Theventpipeshallbeconnectedtothetopofthehotwatercylinder.Theventpipemaybeusedtosupplyhot
watertothepointinbetweenthecoldwatertankandthehotwatercylinder.Theventpipeshallnotbeprovided
withanyvalveorcheckvalves.
Theterminationofventpipeshallbesuchasnottocauseanyaccidentaldischargetohurtorscaldanypasserby
orpersoninthevicinity.

5.12.8

CapacityofColdWaterStorageTank

Thestoragecapacityofcoldwatercisternshallbeatleastequaltothesizeofhotwaterstoragecylinderifthe
coldwatercisternsupplieswateronlytothehotwaterheatercylinder.Thiscapacityshallbeatleasttwicethe
capacityofhotwaterheatercylinderifthecoldwaterstoragetankalsosupplieswatertothecoldwaterdrawoff
taps.

5.12.9

SafetyDevices

Thetemperaturereliefvalveorpressurereliefvalveoracombinationoftemperatureandpressurereliefvalves
shallbeinstalledfortheequipmentforheatingorstorageofhotwater.Thetemperaturereliefvalveshallbeset
atamaximumtemperatureof99oC.Themaximumpressureratingofwaterheatershallnotbemorethan1000
kPa.Thetemperaturereliefvalveshallbeplaceddirectlyabovethecylinderitservesbutinnocasemorethan75
mmawayfromthecylinder.Thelocationofpressurereliefvalveshallbeclosetotheequipmentitserves.There
shallbenovalveconnectioninbetweenareliefvalveandthehotwatercylinderitserves.

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5.12.10

Chapter5

WastesfromReliefValve

Theoutletofpressure,temperatureorsuchothervalveshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtothedrainagesystem.

5.12.11

DrainCock

Adequatesizeofdraincockshallbeprovidedwithallstoragetanksfortheirpropercleaning.

5.13

MATERIALS,FITTINGS&APPLIANCES

a) Thematerialsandfittingsforwatersupplyanddistributionpipeandforstoragetankshallcomplywiththe
standardslistedinPart5'BuildingMaterials'andshallbeinaccordancewithSection2.15andthosespecified
inthissection.
b) The materials chosen shall be resistant to corrosion, both inside and outside or shall be suitably protected
againstcorrosionandfreefromalltoxicandharmfulsubstances.PolyethyleneandunplasticizedPVCpipes
shallnotbeinstallednearhotwaterpipesornearanyotherheatsource..
c) Alljointingofpipesandfittingsshallbedoneinaccordancewithacceptablestandardpractices.

5.13.1

WaterSupplyServiceandDistributionPipes

WatersupplyserviceanddistributionpipesshallconformtothestandardslistedinTables8.5.9and8.5.10.The
watersupplypipesandtubingusedoutsidethebuildingorundergroundshallhaveaminimumworkingpressure
of1.1MPaat23oC.Incaseofwatersupplyexceeding1.1MPapressure,thepipingmaterialshallhaveatleasta
rated working pressure equal to the highest available pressure. The hot water distribution piping shall have a
minimumpressureof550kPaat80oC.Differenttypes/classesofuPVC(UnplasticizedPVCpipes)areusedbothfor
serviceandinternaldistributionpipesasdescribedinTable8.5.11.However,Polyvinylchloride(PVC)plasticpipesshall
notbeusedexposedandunprotectedasriserorwaterdistributionpipe.PolytheneorunplasticizedPVCpipes
shallnotbeinstalledneartheheatersorhotwaterpiping.Leadpipesmaybeusedonlyforflushingandoverflow
purposesinawatersupplysystem.

5.13.2

PipeFittings

ThepipefittingsshallbeinaccordancewiththestandardslistedinTable8.5.12andthosespecifiedinPart5.

5.13.3

Concrete,PrestressedorFerrocementStructures

The properties of the materials used for storage tank or such other structures shall conform to the material
standardsspecifiedinPart5oftheCode.
Table8.5.9:WaterSupplyServicePipe
Materials

Standards

Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene(ABS)plasticpipe

ASTMD1527,ASTMD2282

Brasspipe

ASTMB43

Castironwaterpipe

ASTMD377

CopperorCopperalloypipe

ASTMB42,ASTMB302

CopperorCopperalloytubing

ASTMB75,ASTMB88,ASTMB251,ASTMB447

Chlorinatedpolyvinylchloride(CPVC)pipe

ASTMD2846,ASTMF441,ASTMF442

Galvanizedsteelpipe

ASTMA53

Polybutyline(PB)plasticpipeandtubing

ASTMD2662,ASTMD2666,ASTMD3309

Polyethyline(PE)plasticpipeandtubing

ASTMD2239,ASTMD2737

PVCplasticpipe

ASTMD1785,ASTMD2241,ASTMD2672

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Table8.5.10:WaterDistributionPipe

Material

Standard

Brasspipe

ASTMB43

CopperorCopperalloypipe

ASTMB42,ASTMB302

CopperorCopperalloytubing

ASTMB75,ASTMB88,ASTMB251,ASTMB477

CPVCplasticpipeandtubing

ASTMD2846,ASTMF441,ASTMF442

Galvanizedsteelpipe

ASTMA53

PVCplasticpipe

ASTMD1785,ASTMD2241,ASTMD2672

5.14

GENERALREQUIREMENTFORPIPEWORK

5.14.1

PublicWaterMains

Thefollowingprinciplesshallapplyforthemains:

a) Servicemainsshallbeofadequatesizetogivetherequiredrateofflow.
Table8.5.11(a):WorkingPressureRangeofDifferentTypesofuPVC(UnplasticizedPVC)Pipes
Type/Class(Bar)(kg/cm2)

Material
uPVCPipe

ClassB6.06.12

uPVCPipe

ClassC9.09.19

uPVCPipe

ClassD12.012.25

uPVCPipe

ClassE15.015.30

Table8.5.11(b):AverageWallThicknessClassEuPVC(UnplasticizedPVC)Pipes

AverageWallThicknessofClassETypeuPVCPipe
3/8inch(9.5mm)

inch(13mm)

inch(19mm)

1.0inch(25mm)

1.9mm

2.1mm

2.5mm

2.7mm

Table8.5.12:PipeFittings
Material

Standard

Asbestoscement

ISO160,ISO881,ISO392

Castiron

ASMEB164,ASMEB16.12

Copperorcopperalloy

ASMEB16.15,ASMEB16.18,ASMEB1622
ASMEB16.23,ASMEB16.26,ASMEB16.29
ASMEB16.32

Greyironandductileiron

AWWAC110,ISO2531

Malleableiron

ASMEB16.3

Plastic,uPVC

ASTMD2464,ASTMD2466,ASTMD2467

ASTMD2609,ASTMF409,ASTMF437,
ASTMF438,ASTMF439

Steel

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b) Themainsshallbedividedintosectionsbymakingloopsystemandwiththeprovisionsofsluicevalvesand
othervalvessothatanypartofwatermainmaybeshutoffforrepairswithoutaffectingmajorpartofpipe
network
c) Toavoiddeadends,themainsshallbearrangedinagridformationorinanetwork.
d) Wheredeadendsareunavoidable,ahydrantshallbeprovidedtoactasawashout
e) Thewashoutvalveshallnotdischargedirectlyintoadrainorsewer,orintoamanholeorchamberdirectly
connectedtoit;aneffectivelytrappedchambershallbeinterposed,intowhichthewashoutshalldischarge.
f)

Airvalvesshallbeprovidedatallsummits,andwashoutatlowpointsbetweensummits.

g) Mainsneednotbelaidatunvaryinggradients,butmayfollowthegeneralcontouroftheground.Theyshall,
however,fallcontinuouslytowardsthewashoutandrisetowardstheairvalves.Thegradientshallbesuch
thatthereshallalwaysbeapositivepressureateverypointunderworkingconditions.
h) Thecoverforthemainsshallbeatleast900mmunderroadwaysand750mminthecaseoffootpaths.This
covershallbemeasuredfromthetopofthepipetothesurfaceoftheground.
i)

The mains shall be located sufficiently away from other service lines like electric and telegraph cables to
ensure safety and where the mains cannot be located away from such lines, suitable protective measures
shallbeaccordedtothemains.

5.14.2

InterconnectionPipesfromWaterMain

a) EverypremisesthatissuppliedwithwaterbytheAuthorityshallhaveitsownseparatecommunicationpipe.
Inthecaseofagrouporblockofpremisesbelongingtothesameownerthesamecommunicationpipemay
supplywatertomorethanonepremiseswiththepriorpermissionoftheAuthority.
b) Thecommunicationpipebetweenthewatermainandthestopcockattheboundaryofthepremisesshallbe
laidbytheAuthority.
c) Connectionsupto50mmdiametermaybemadeonthewatermainbymeansofscrewedferrules,provided
the size of the connections does not exceed onethird the size of the water main. In all other cases, the
connectionshallbemadebyaTbranchoffthewatermain.
d) Asfaraspracticable,thecommunicationpipeandtheundergroundservicepipeshallbelaidatrightanglesto
themainandinapproximatelystraightlinestofacilitatelocationforrepairs.Itisalsorecommendedthatthe
communicationpipebelaidinapipeinpipesleeveoflargerdia.Madeofnoncorrosivematerialtoprotect
thecommunicationpipe.
e) Everycommunicationpipeshallhaveastopcockandmeterinsertedinit.Thewaterwayofeachsuchfitting
shallnotbelessthantheinternalsectionalareaofthecommunicationpipeandthefittingsshallbelocated
withinthepremisesataconspicuousplaceaccessibletotheAuthoritywhichshallhaveexclusivecontrolover
it.

5.14.3

User/ConsumerPipes

a) Noconsumerpipeshallbelaidinthepremisestoconnectthecommunicationpipewithouttheapprovalof
theAuthority.
b) Theconsumerpipewithinthepremisesshallbelaidundergroundwithasuitablecovertosafeguardagainst
damagefromtrafficandextremesofweather.
c) Tocontrolthebranchpipetoeachseparatelyoccupiedpartofabuildingsuppliedbyacommonservicepipe,
astoptapshallbefixedtominimizetheinterruptionofthesupplyduringrepairs.Allsuchstopvalvesshallbe

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fixed in accessible positions and properly protected. To supply water for drinking or for culinary purposes,
direct taps shall be provided on the branch pipes connected directly to the consumer pipe. In the case of
multistoriedbuildings,downtaketapsshallbesuppliedfromoverheadtanks.
d) Pumpsshallnotbeallowedontheservicepipe,astheycauseadropinpressureonthesuctionside,thereby
affecting the supply to the adjoining properties. In cases where pumping is required, a properly protected
storagetankofadequatecapacityshallbeprovidedtofeedthepump.
e) Nodirectboosting(byboosterpumps)shallbeallowedfromtheservicepipes(communicationandconsumer
pipes).
f)

Consumerpipesshallbesodesignedandconstructedastoavoidairlocks.Drainingtapsshallbeprovidedat
thelowestpointsfromwhichthepipingshallrisecontinuouslytodrawofftaps.

g) Consumer pipes shall be so designed as to reduce the production and transmission of noise as much as
possible.
h) Consumerpipesinroofspacesandunventilatedairspacesunderfloorsorinbasementsshallbeprotected
againstcorrosion.
i)

Consumerpipesshallbesolocatedthattheyarenotundulyexposedtoaccidentaldamageandshallbefixed
insuchpositionsastofacilitatecleaningandavoidaccumulationsofdirt.

j)

Allconsumerpipesshallbesolaidastopermitexpansionandcontractionorothermovements.

5.14.4

ProhibitedConnections

a) Aservicepipeshallnotbeconnectedintoanydistributionpipe;suchconnectionmaypermitthebackflowof
waterfromacisternintotheservicepipe,incertaincircumstances,withconsequentdangerofcontamination
and depletion of storage capacity. It might also result in pipes and fittings being subjected to a pressure
higherthanthatforwhichtheyaredesigned,andinfloodingfromoverflowingcisterns.
b) NopipeforconveyanceorinconnectionwithwatersuppliedbytheAuthorityshallcommunicatewithany
otherreceptacleusedorcapableofbeingusedforconveyanceotherthanwatersuppliedbytheAuthority.
c) Wherestoragetanksareprovided,nopersonshallconnectorbepermittedtoconnectanyservicepipewith
anydistributingpipe.
d) Noserviceorsupplypipeshallbeconnecteddirectlytoanywaterclosetoraurinal.Allsuchsuppliesshallbe
fromflushingcisternswhichshallbesuppliedfromstoragetank.
e) Noserviceorsupplypipeshallbeconnecteddirectlytoanyhotwatersystemortoanyotherapparatusused
forheatingotherthanthroughafeedcisternthereof.

5.15
5.15.1

SAFECONVEYANCEANDDISTRIBUTIONOFWATER&PREVENTIONOFBACKFLOW
BasicPrinciples

a) Wholesome water supply provided for drinking and culinary purposes shall not be liable to contamination
from any less satisfactory water. There shall, therefore, be no crossconnection whatsoever between the
distribution system for wholesome water and any pipe or fitting containing unwholesome water, or water
liable to contamination, or of uncertain quality, or water which has been used for any other purpose. The
provision of reflux or nonreturn valves or closed and sealed stop valves shall not be construed as a
permissiblesubstituteforcompleteabsenceofcrossconnection.

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b) Thedesignofthepipeworkshallbesuchthatthereisnopossibilityofbackflowtowardsthesourceofsupply
from any cistern or appliance, whether by siphonage or otherwise. Reflux nonreturn valves shall not be
reliedupontopreventsuchbackflow.
c) Whereasupplyoflesssatisfactorywaterthanwholesomewaterbecomesinevitableasanalternativeoris
required to be mixed with the latter, it shall be delivered only into a cistern and by a pipe or fitting
dischargingintotheairgapataheightabovethetopedgeofthecisternequaltotwiceitsnominalboreand
in no case less than 150 mm.It is necessaryto maintaina definite airgap in allappliances or taps usedin
waterclosets.
d) Allpipeworkshallbesodesigned,laidorfixedandmaintainedastoremaincompletelywatertight,thereby
avoidingwastage,damagetopropertyandtheriskofcontamination.
e) Nowatersupplylineshallbelaidorfixedsoastopassintoorthroughanysewer,scouroutletordrainorany
manholeconnectedtherewithnorthroughanyashpitormanurepitoranymaterialofsuchnaturethatis
likelytocauseunduedeteriorationofthepipe,exceptwhereitisunavoidable.
f)

Wherethelayingofanypipethroughcorrosivesoilorpreviousmaterialisunavoidable,thepipingshallbe
properlyprotectedfromcontactwithsuchsoilormaterialbybeingcarriedthroughanexteriorcastirontube
or by some other suitable means as approved by the Authority. Any existing piping or fitting laid or fixed,
which does not comply with the above requirements, shall be removed immediately by the consumer and
relaidbyhiminconformitywiththeaboverequirementsandtothesatisfactionoftheAuthority.

g) Where lines have to be laid in close proximity to electric cables or in corrosive soils, adequate
precautions/protectionshouldbetakentoavoidcorrosion.
h) Undergroundpipingshallbelaidatsuchadepththatitisunlikelytobedamagedbyfrostortrafficloadsand
vibrations. It shall not be laid in ground liable to subsidence, but where such ground cannot be avoided,
specialprecautionsshallbetakentoavoiddamagetothepiping.Wherepipinghastobelaidacrossrecently
disturbed ground, the ground shall be thoroughly consolidated so as to provide a continuous and even
support.
i)

Undesigningandplanningthelayoutofthepipework,dueattentionshallbegiventothemaximumrateof
discharge required, economy in Iabour and materials, protection against damage and corrosion, water
hammer, protection from frost, if required, and to avoidance of airlocks, noise transmission and unsightly
arrangement.

j)

Toreducefrictionallosses,pipingshallbeassmoothaspossibleinside.Methodsofjointingshallbesuchasto
avoidinternalroughnessandprojectionatthejoints,whetherofthejointingmaterialsorotherwise.

k) Change in diameter and in direction shall preferably be gradual rather than abrupt to avoid undue loss of
head.Nobendorcurveinpipingshallbemadewhichislikelytomateriallydiminishoralterthecrosssection.
l)

Noboilerforgeneratingsteamorclosedboilersofanydescriptionoranymachineryshallbesupplieddirect
fromaserviceorsupplypipe.Everysuchboilerormachineryshallbesuppliedfromafeedcistern.

5.15.2

BackflowPrevention

a) The installation shall be such that water delivered is not liable to become contaminated or that
contaminationofthepublicwatersupplydoesnotoccur.
b) Thevarioustypesofpipingandmechanicaldevicesacceptableforbackflowprotectionare:
i)

Barometricloop,

ii) Airgap,
iii) Atmospherevacuumbreaker,

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iv) Pressurevacuumbreaker,
v) Doublecheckvalve,and
vi) Reducedpressurebackflowdevice.
c)

Theinstallationshallnotadverselyaffectdrinkingwater:
i)

bymaterialsincontactwiththewaterbeingunsuitableforthepurpose;

ii) asaresultofbackflowofwaterfromwaterfittings,orwaterusingappliancesintopipeworkconnected
tomainsortootherfittingsandappliances;
iii) by crossconnection between pipes conveying water supplied by the water undertaker with pipes
conveyingwaterfromsomeothersource;and
iv) bystagnation,particularlyathightemperatures.
d) No pump or similar apparatus, the purpose of which is to increase the pressure in or rate of flow from a
supplypipeoranyfittingorapplianceconnectedtoasupplypipe,shallbeconnectedunlessthepriorwritten
permissionofthewatersupplierhasbeenobtainedineachinstance.
Theuseofsuchapumporsimilarapparatusislikelytoleadtopressurereductionintheupstreampipework
which,ifsignificant,increasetheriskofbackflowfromotherfittings.
e) Thewatershallnotcomeincontactwithunsuitablematerialsofconstruction.
f)

Nopipeorfittingshallbelaidin,onorthroughlandfill,refuse,anashpit,sewer,drain,cesspoolorrefuse
chute,oranymanholeconnectedwiththem.

g) Nopipesusceptibletodeteriorationbycontactwithanysubstanceshallbelaidorinstalledinaplacewhere
suchdeteriorationislikelytooccur.Nopipethatispermeabletoanycontaminantshallbelaidorinstalledin
anypositionwherepermeationislikelytooccur.
h) Ifaliquid(otherthanwater)isusedinanytypeofheatingprimarycircuit,whichtransfersheattowaterfor
domesticuse,theliquidshallbenontoxicandnoncorrosive.
i)

A backflow prevention device shall be arranged or connected at or as near as practicable to each point of
deliveryanduseofwater.Applianceswithbuiltinbackflowpreventionshallbecapableofpassingthetest.
All backflow prevention devices shall be installed so that they are accessible for examination, repair or
replacement.SuchdevicesshallbecapableofbeingtestedperiodicallybytheAuthoritytoensurethatthe
deviceisfunctioningefficientlyandnobackflowisoccurringatanytime.

5.16

LAYINGOFPIPESONSITE

5.16.1

ExcavationofTrenchesandRefilling

a) Thebottomsofthetrenchexcavationsshallbesopreparedthatthebarrelsofthepipes,whenlaid,arewell
beddedfortheirwholelengthonafirmsurfaceandaretruetolineandgradient.
b) Intherefillingoftrenches,thepipesshallbesurroundedwithfineselectedmaterial,wellrammedsoasto
resistsubsequentmovementofthepipes.
c) Nostonesshallbeincontactwiththepipes;whenrestingonrock,thepipesshallbebeddedonfineselected
materialor(especiallywherethereisasteepgradient)onalayerofconcrete.
d) Thewidthofexcavationtrenchshallbeatleast0.4mmorethantheoutsidediameterofthepipe.
e) The depth of ground cover shall be at least 0.9 m under roadway or 0.75 m under garden from the top
surfaceofthepipetothegroundsurface.
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f)

Chapter5

Thebottomofthetrenchshallbecarefullypreparedsothatthepipewillbebeddedwellforitsentirelength
onfirmsurface.

5.16.2

LayingofPipe

a) Thepipesshallbecarefullyclearedofallforeignmatterbeforebeinglaid.
b) Inslopingground,thepipelayingshallproceedinupwarddirection.Thepipeshallbeprovidedwithanchor
blockstowithstandhydraulicpressure.

5.16.3

LayingofPipeThroughDucts,Chases,NotchesorHoles

Provisionsforlayingpipesinductsorchaseshallbemadeduringthetimeofconstruction.Whenthesewillbecut
into existing walls, they shall be large enough with smooth finishing for fixing the pipe and to accommodate
thermalexpansion.Pipingsubjecttoexternalpressureshallnotbelaidinnotchesorholes.

5.16.4

LaggedPiping

Laggedpipingshallbeentirelycoveredwithwaterproofandfireinsulatingmaterialsbeforetheirattachmentto
the walls outside the building and shall be anchored with the wall keeping a gap in between the wall and the
piping.

5.16.5

JointingofPipes

Alljointsandconnectionsshallbegastightandwatertightforthepressurerequiredbythetestinaccordance
withSec5.22.2.Thejointsbetweendifferentpipingandfittingsforwatersupplyshallconformtothestandards
citedagainsttheminTable8.5.13.Therequirementsforthejointsnotspecifiedinthetableshallbesubjecttothe
approvaloftheAuthority.

Table8.5.13:JointsBetweenDifferentPipingandFittings
Material

Standard

ABSplasticpipeandfittings

ASTM D2235, ASTM D2661, ASTM

D3139,ASTMF628ASMEB1.20.1

Asbestos,cementpipeandfittings

ASTMD1869

Brasspipeandfittings

ASMEB1.20.1

Castironpipeandfittings

ASTMC564

Copperandcopperalloypipeandfittings

ASTMB32,ASMEB1.20.1

PVCplasticpipeandfittings

ASTM D2846, ASTM D3139, ASTM

F493,ASMEB1.20.1

Galvanizedsteelpipeandfittings

ASMEB1.20.1

PBplasticpipe,tubingandfittings

ASTM D2657, ASTM D3140, ASTM

D3309

PEplasticpipe,tubingandfittings

ASTMD2657

PVCplasticpipeandfittings

ASTM D2564, ASTM D2855, ASTM

D3139, ASTM D3212, ASTM F402,
ASTMF656,ASMEB1.20.1

5.16.6

SpecialCareforRatProofing

The location and installation of water meter box shall be such as not to permit the entrance of rats into the
building.Theopeningsthroughwalls,floorsorceilingsfortheinstallationofpipingshallbeclosedbyusingproper
collarstopreventtheentranceofrats.

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5.17

HANGERSANDSUPPORT

Thepipingsystemshallbeinstalledwithproperhangersandsupporttominimizeunduestrainsandstresses.All
fixturesandfittingsshallbeprovidedwithhangersandsupporttosecurethemproperly.

5.17.1

Galvanicaction

Hangers,anchorsandstrappingmaterialsshallbestrongandductileandshallnotpromotegalvanicaction.

5.17.2

HangerSpacing

VerticalandhorizontalpipingshallbesupportedinaccordancewithTable8.5.14.
Table8.5.14:HangerSpacing
PipingMaterial

Max.Horizontal

Max.Vertical

Spacing(m)

Spacing(m)

Galvanizedsteelpipe

3.5

4.5

Copperpipeorcopperalloytubing>38mmdiameter

3.5

3.0

Copperpipeorcopperalloytubing<38mmdiameter

2.0

3.0

PVCpipeandtubing

1.0

1.0

Aluminiumtubing

3.0

4.5

Brasspipe

3.0

3.0

5.18

PROTECTIONOFPOTABLEWATERSUPPLY

5.18.1

Crossconnection

Potable water supply system shall be protected against nonpotable water sources or wastes (solid, liquid or
gases). There shall be no crossconnection between potable water distribution system and nonpotable water
distributionorwastedisposalsystem.

5.18.2

Submergedoutlet

Frompotablewatersupplysystemshallbeavoided.Connectionofpotablewatertoboilerfeedwatersystem,or
heatingorcoolingsystemshallbemadethroughproperairgap.

5.18.3

Coolingwater

Waterusedforcoolingorforotherpurposesshallnotbereturnedtothepotablewatersupplysystem.

5.18.4

Backflow

Potable water supply system shall be protected against backflow either by air gap or by back flow preventor.
Reflexnonreturnvalveshallnotbeusedforthispurpose.Detailshavebeenexplainedinsection5.15.2.

5.18.5

BackflowProtections

The connection of potable water for health care plumbing fixtures shall be protected against backflow in
accordancewithTable8.5.15.

5.18.6

AirGap

The minimum air gaps for different water supply openings or outlet shall be at least 3 times the effective
opening when they will be placed close to a wall. The minimum air gaps shall be at least 2times the effective
openingwhentheywillbelocatedawayfromawall.

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Table8.5.15:WaterSupplyProtectionforHospitalFixtures

5.18.7

Fixtures

ProtectionsRequired

Aspirators

Vacuumbreaker

Bedpanwasher

Vacuumbreaker

Boilingtypesterilizer

Airgap

Exhaustcondenser

Vacuumbreaker

Flushfloordrain

Vacuumbreaker

Houseconnection

Vacuumbreaker

Pressuresterilizer

Vacuumbreaker

Vacuumsystem

Airgaporvacuumbreaker

(cleaningandfluidsection)

Potablewatersupplyconnectiontoanycisternorapparatuscontainingchemical(s)shallbedoneonlywiththe
specialapprovalforsuchconnectionbytheAuthorityandshallbemarkedbyatag.

5.18.8

Allpipingandfittingshallbedesigned,installedandmaintainedastobeandtoremaincompletelyairtightand
therebyavoidingwasteofwater,damagetopropertyandtoavoidtheriskofcontamination.

5.18.9

Nonpotablewatersupplysystemshallhavetobepaintedandmarkedbyatag.

5.18.10

Flushingvalveoperatedwaterclosetswheninstalledinanybuildingshallbesuppliedthroughaseparatebranch
pipewithabackflowpreventeratthestartingpointwherethebranchpipeistakenofffromthesupplypipe.

5.19

HEALTHCAREWATERSUPPLY

5.19.1

GeneralRequirement

Allhospitalsshallhaveatleasttwoservicepipesfromtheindividualwatersupplysourceorfromthewatermain
forsupplyingwaterwithoutanyinterruption.Forroofstoragesystem,thehospitalshallhaveatleasttwostorage
tanks such that each of them is capable of serving the water distribution system in absence of the other. All
specialfixturesshallbeinstalledwithoutinterferencetothetransportationandtothesafetyofpatientandstaff.

5.19.2

HotWaterSupply

Allhospitalsshallbeequippedtosupplyhotwaterasrequiredbydifferentfixturesandequipment.

5.19.3

WaterSupplyProtection

The water supply connection to all special equipment or fixtures shall be protected against backflow, flooding,
foulingandcontaminationofwatersupplysysteminaccordancewithSection5.9.

5.20

CLEANINGANDDISINFECTINGTHESYSTEM

5.20.1

General

Thenewandrepairedpotablewatersupplysystemincludingstoragetankshallbedisinfectedbeforetheiruse.
The existing water supply system shall be cleaned and disinfected depending upon the quality of water. The
storagetankshallbecleanedanddisinfectedatleastonceayear.

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5.20.2

DisinfectionProcedure

Thefollowingproceduremaybeadoptedtodisinfecttheplumbingsystem:
a) Thewatersupplysystemorstoragetankshallbeflushedwithpotablewateruntilcleanwaterappearsatthe
outlets.
b) Thesystemorpartthereofwhichrequiresdisinfectionshallbefilledupwithchlorinatedwatercontaining50
mg/lofchlorinefor24hoursorfor3hourswithachlorinatedwaterofchlorineconcentrationof200mg/l.
c) After the period of disinfection, the system shall be flushed with potable water until the chlorine is
completelyremovedfromthewaterinthesystem.
d) The above procedureshall berepeateduntil thebacteriologicalexamination shows presence of no water
contaminationwithinthesystem.

5.21

INSPECTION,TESTINGANDCOMPLETIONCERTIFICATE

5.21.1

Inspection

Pipingandjointsshallnotbeenclosed,concealedorcovereduntiltheyhavebeeninspectedandapprovedbythe
Authority. All piping and fixtures shall be inspected for satisfactory supports and protection from damage and
corrosion.

5.21.2

Testing

After installation of the entire water supply system or part thereof, it shall be tested and approved by the
Authoritybeforeitsuse.
a) Testing of Water Mains : The section of the main to be tested shall be charged with water carefully by
providinga25mminletwithastopcocktoexpelallairfromthemain.Themainshallbeallowedtostandfull
ofwaterforafewdays.Afterthatthemainsshallbetestedtoapressureof500kPaordoublethemaximum
workingpressure,whicheverisgreaterforatleast5minutes.Thesystemshallbeabletomaintaintheabove
testpressure.
b) TestingofDistributionPipesandFixtures:Thedistributionsystemtobetestedshallbeslowlyandcarefully
chargedwithwatertoexpelallairfromthesystemandtoavoidallshocksandwaterhammer.Thepipingand
fittingsshallbeabsolutelywatertightwhenalldrawofftapsareclosed.Thesystemshallbeabletomaintain
thepressuresandflowrequiredunderworkingconditions.
c) Testing of Hot Water System : The entire hot water system shall be tested for the maximum rated
temperatureandpressureofhotwaterstoragesystem.Thesystemshallbeabletomaintaintherequired
testpressure.Allsafetydevicesshallbetestedfortheirproperoperation.

5.21.3

CompletionCertificate

Thelicensedplumbershallissuecompletioncertificateinaprescribedform(Appendix8.5.B)totheAuthorityon
completionofthewatersupplysystemorpartthereofforinspectionandtesting.Aftertesting,theAuthoritywill
allowthewaterconnectionfromthewatermain(ifany)andgivethefinalapproval(Appendix8.5.B)tousethe
system.

5.22

GUIDETOMAINTENANCE

Theownerorhis/herdesignatedagentshallmaintainthewatersupplysysteminasafeoperatingcondition as
specifiedbytheCode.

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5.22.1

Chapter5

FrequencyofCleaning

The storage tank shall be inspected regularly and shall be cleaned and disinfected periodically. Metal tanks
showingthesignofcorrosionshallbecoatedasspecifiedinSection5.9.2.2.

5.22.2

OverflowPipe

Theoverflowpipesofstoragetankshallbeinspectedregularlytokeeptheflowfreefromobstruction.

5.22.3

WaterQuality

Aperiodicalexaminationofwaterqualitymaybemade.

5.23

INDIVIDUALWATERSUPPLYSYSTEM

5.23.1

General

Intheabsenceofapublicwatersupply,the individualpotablewatersourceshallbeusedtosupplywaterina
distributionsystem.Thefollowingwatersourcesmaybeusedforindividualwatersupplypurposes:drilledwell,
dugwell,drivenwell,spring,infiltrationgallery.

5.23.2

WaterRequirements

ThecapacityofsourceshallbesufficienttosupplywaterasspecifiedinSection5.5.

5.23.3

QualityofWater

Water from developed well or cistern shall meet the potable water quality standard requirements specified by
theDepartmentofEnvironment,Bangladesh.

5.23.4

Chlorination

Thewellorcisternshallbechlorinatedaftertheirconstructionorrepair.

5.23.5

LocationofWaterSource

Theminimumdistanceofwatersourceandpumpsuctionlinefrompotentialsourcesofcontaminationshallbein
accordancewithTable8.5.16.
Table8.5.16:DistancefromPotentialSourcesofContamination
PotentialSourceofContamination

Distance(m)

Pumpfloordrainofcastiron,drainingtogroundsurface

Sewer

Farmsilo

Septictank

Subsurfacepit/Seepagepit

15

Subsurfacedisposalfield

15

Barnyard

30

Pasture

30

5.23.6

WellConstruction

5.23.6.1

LocationofWaterTable

Theindividualwatersupplyshallnotbedevelopedfromawaterbearingstratumwithwatertableatadepthless
than3mbelowthegroundsurface.

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BuildingServices

5.23.6.2

OutsideCasing

The outside watertight casing shall have to be installed for each well up to a depth of at least 3 m below the
groundsurfaceandshallprojectatleast150mmabovethegroundsurface.Thelowerendofthecasingshallbe
sealedinanimpermeablestratumorextendintothewaterbearingstratum.Thesizeofthecasingshallbelarge
enoughtopermittheinstallationofanindependentdroppipe.Thecasingmaybeofconcrete,tile,orgalvanized
or corrugated metal pipe. The annular space between the casing and the earth shall be filled with grout to a
minimumdepthof3m.Forfloodproneregions,topofthecasingorpipesleeveshallbeatleast300mmabove
thefloodlevel.
5.23.6.3

WellCover

Allpotablewellsshallbeequippedwithawatertightcoveroverlappingthetopofthecasingorpipesleeve.Fordugorboredwell,
theoverlapanddownwardextensionofthecovershallbeatleast50mmoutsidethewellcasingorwell.Theannularspacebetween
thecasingorpipesleeveandthedroppipeshallhaveawatertightsealing.

5.23.6.4

DrainagefromWellPlatformorPumpHouse

Theconstructionofwellplatformorpumphouseshallbesuchthatthiswilldrainawayfromthewellbygravity.

5.23.7

PumpingEquipment

Thedesign,installationandconstructionofpumpsshallbesuchthattheywillnotpermittheentranceofanycontaminatingmaterial
intothewellorwatersupplysystem.Thepumpshallbeaccessibleforinspection,maintenanceandrepair.

RelevantAppendices:

Appendix8.5.A ApplicationforPermittoConstructWaterSupplyandDistributionSystem
Appendix8.5.BCompletionCertificate(WaterSupplyWorks)
Appendix8.5.C SizingofColdWaterSupplyandDistributionPiping
Appendix8.5.D RecommendedWaterQualityforDomesticPurposes.

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