Article

Article is a determiner which generalizes or particularizes a noun.

Ex- There is a bird in the tree. The bird is singing a song.

Article

Generalization

Indefinite Article (A, An)

Particularization

Definite Article (The)

Indefinite article
We use indefinite articles before a noun which is singular in verb.
Generally we use A before a word which begins with consonant.
Similarly, we use An before a word which begins with a vowel.
But, there is a deviation. While using indefinite article we must bear in mind
that sound is more important than letter.

Sound system
A= v] vk] ,
E= b ,
I=

O=
U=

Use A or An
1. A useful animal.
2. A university scholar.
3. A European.
4. An historical novel.
5. An hotel.
6. An heir.
7. An honest man.
8. A U.P. School teacher.
9. An LIC officer.
10.
A one day match.
11.
An hour.
12.
An upper primary school teacher.

 NOUN
Common Noun
It refers to all the living animals and objects.
Ex- Man, Cow, Cat, Dog, Tree, Moss, etc.

Proper Noun
It refers to all the names of persons and objects.
Ex- Tajmahal, Hitler, etc.

Collective Noun
It refers to a collection of things, institutions, and organizations.
Ex- School, College, Meeting, etc.

Material Noun
It refers to all the dead objects.
Ex- chair, Table, etc.

Abstract Noun
It refers to all the qualities and conditions.
Ex- Love, Violence, Poverty, etc.
--------------::::-------------

3 kinds of nouns as per numbers

1. Countable
2. Uncountable
3. Mass

Countable
Which have both singular and plural forms.
It is organized having conditions.
Ex- Book, Books, Pen, Pens, etc.

Uncountable
It is a noun which has only singular number.
It is disorganized having no conditions.
EX- Water, Gold, etc.

Mass Noun
It is a noun which has only plural form but no consideration of gender.
Ex- audience, Police, Mob, etc.

Number
Generally we make singular noun plural by adding s, es, ies.

Any singular noun

ending with
ch/sh/o/s/x demands
es in its plural form.

Any singular noun ending

with y without a vowel
before it demands ies in
place of y in plural

Nouns having same singular and plural forms

Deer, Sheep, Swine, Moose, Salmon

Nouns plural in body buit singular in spirit

Series, Measles, Physics, Politics, Cards, Darts, Dominoes, barracks, crossroads, etc.

Masculine
Bachelor
Buck
Boar
Colt
Dog
Drake
Drone
Gander
Hart
Lord
Duke
Saint
Ram
Stag
Wizard

Feminine
Spinster, Maiden
Doe
Sow
Filly
Bitch
Duck
Bee
Goose
Hind
Lady
Dutches
Nun
Ewe
Doe
Witch

6.Possession
(Noun used in the s genitive or
off genitive)

5.Apposition
(Designation of a
noun)

1.Nominative
(Noun used as subject)

Case
4.Vocative
(Noun addressed by
somebody)

2.Acquisitive
(Noun used as direct
object)

3.Dative
(Noun used as indirect
object)

Rohan! Did Rani, Manis sister, give Reshma a pen?

5