$ST Hot stream 1:

$ST Cold stream 2:

$ST Stream
$SI Shellside:
$SI Tubeside:
$SI X-side:
$SI
$IO inlet
$IO outlet
$
$M001
*** WARNING *** The following input item(s) are beyond the expected range:
$M002
** FATAL ERROR ** The following input item(s) are beyond the permitted range:
$M003
** FATAL ERROR ** No data input provided for the following item(s):
$M004
** FATAL ERROR ** The following data input item(s) are unacceptable:
$M005
*** WARNING *** The following lines in the input are unrecognised:
$M006
*** WARNING *** There are unrecognised characters on this line.$NL
Some or all input on this line is ignored.
$M010
*** WARNING *** An output message is not available in the message file. Contact
HTFS. $NL $I1 $I2 $I3 $I4 $R1 $R2 $R3 $R4 $$
$M011
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO Temperature $R1 and quality $R2 at pressure $R3
are inconsistent. Quality has been reset to $R4. [CURV 1906,2906] $$
$M012
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO Temperature $R1 and quality $R2 at pressure $R3
are inconsistent. Temperature has been reset to $R4 $$
$M013
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO Boiling point $R1 and pressure $R2 are not
consistent. Boiling point used is $R3. Saturation pressure at $R1 is $R4. $NL
You may wish to revise this temperature or pressure, or revise
temperatures / pressures in the property data input. If the property data are
calculated or from a databank, you can use the T-h-x over-ride, in the
property data input, to force them to be consistent with your process data
[CURV 1907,2907] $$
$M014
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO There is a small inconsistency in the temperature
/ enthalpy interpolation. Temperature has been reset from $R1 to $R2. $$
$M015
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI Neither inlet nor outlet conditions have been input.
Specify at least three of the following. $NL Inlet temperature; Outlet
temperature; Flowrate; Heat Load. $$
$M016
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI Only inlet or outlet conditions have been specified,
but no flow rate. Specify at least three of the following. $NL
Inlet temperature; Outlet temperature; Flowrate; Heat Load. $$
$M017
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO The heat load of $R1 specified in the input has
been changed to $R2, to agree with the outlet conditions specified (or
defaulted) in the input. $NL To avoid this change of heat load, omit the outlet
temperature and quality from the input data, or specify a heat balance flag

(input item 205.1) of 3,4, or 5.

$M018
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI A very small or zero heat load has been calculated.
The inlet quality is $R1, the outlet quality is $R2. Check that inlet/outlet
temperatures and qualities specified in the Process Data input are consistent
with Physical Property data. Also check the mass flowrate.
$NL You can force the Properties data to be consistent, by using the T-h-x
over-ride facility in the Properties input..
$M019
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO The temperature calculated from your input
enthalpy ($R1) and pressure ($R2) is $R3, which differs from your input
temperature ($R4). The calculated value is used.
$M020
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI $IO The quality (vap.mass frac.) calculated from your
input enthalpy ($R1) and pressure ($R2) is $R3, which differs from your input
quality ($R4). The calculated value is used.
$M021
** FATAL ERROR ** No heat loads specified for either stream, nor can they be
calculated from flowrates and inlet and outlet conditions. [CURV 3602] $$
$M022
** FATAL ERROR $ST Inlet conditions and flowrates not input, and cannot be
calculated. Both are required in SIMULATION mode. %%
$M023
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI Temperature changes from $R1 at inlet to $R2 at
outlet. $NL Hot streams should get colder, and cold streams hotter. $$
$M024
** FATAL ERROR ** Temperature cross. $ST $SI Outlet temperature is $R1.
For the other stream, the inlet temperature is $R2.
$M025
** FATAL ERROR ** Serious mis-match of heat loads. $ST $SI Heat load is $R1.
For the other stream, the heat load is $R2. [CURV 3604] $$
$M026
** FATAL ERROR ** Heat loads differ by more than 10 %.
$ST $SI Heat load is $R1. For the other stream, the heat load is $R2.
[CURV 3601] $$
$M027
*** WARNING *** Heat loads differ by more than 1 %. $NL
$ST $SI Heat load is $R1.
For the other stream, the heat load is $R2. The ratio of the larger load to
the mean load is $R3. $NL
The program uses the mean heat load, and adjusts individual stream enthalpies
to give the specified inlet and outlet conditions. [CURV 3501] $$
$M028
*** WARNING *** Initial heat loads from input differ by more than 1 %.
A revised initial heat load of $R1 has been selected, giving initial
estimates of outlet temperatures of $R2 for stream 1 and $R3 for stream 2.
$$
$M029
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI The specified leakage fraction is such that, in
order to achieve the specified heat load, the remainder of the stream would
need to achieve a temperature of $R1 in the shell, which is impossible,
given the tubeside inlet temperature of $R2. [CURV 1804] $$
$M031
*** WARNING *** $ST $SI Boiling of the cold stream is expected. Since the
boiling methods require surface tension, a default value, as shown in a
preceding warning has been assumed in some calculations. If you wish to revise
this value, specify the new value(s) with the liquid properties input

(line 316) for the cold stream. $$

$M032
*** WARNING *** Approximations are made for the tubeside temperature profile
in DESIGN mode. These approximations are reasonable for most cases, but
sometimes the results may be inaccurate for cases which are two phase on the
tubeside, especially if the tubeside heat transfer coefficient varies
significantly. Please check the design in CHECKING mode. [CURV 3702] $$
$M033
*** WARNING *** In DESIGN mode, TASC3 can only handle a maximum of 4 tubeside
passes per shell pass (E,F or K shells), when the flow is two phase on the
tubeside. The maximum number of tubeside passes has been changed from $I1 to
4. [CURV 3703] $$
$M034
*** WARNING *** In DESIGN mode, TASC3 can only handle a maximum of 2 tubeside
passes per shell pass (I,J or G shells), when the flow is two phase on the
tubeside. The maximum number of tubeside passes has been changed from $I1
to 2. [CURV 3704] $$
$M035
** FATAL ERROR ** In CHECKING or SIMULATION modes, TASC3 can only handle a
maximum of 4 tubeside passes per shell pass (E,F or K shells), when the
flow is two phase on the tubeside. [CURV 3801] $$
$M036
** FATAL ERROR ** In CHECKING or SIMULATION modes, TASC3 can only handle a
maximum of 2 tubeside passes per shell pass (I,J or G shells), when the
flow is two phase on the tubeside. [CURV 3802] $$
$M037
*** WARNING *** I and J shells are calculated assuming equal duty in each
half. This assumption can be inaccurate for I and J shells with only one
tubeside pass. $NL
You can check this assumption by modelling each half of the I or J shell
separately as an E shell, in Simulation mode. The calculated tubeside exit
conditions from first E shell give the inlet conditions to the second.
(The first E shell is the one with the tubeside inlet: the shell length is
half that of the I or J shell.)
The heat loads calculated for each half can then be compared. [CURV 3701] $$
$M038
** FATAL ERROR ** TASC3 can only perform calculations for RODbaffled
exchangers with single phase flow on the shellside, since appropriate two phase
correlations are not available. [CURV 3603] $$
$M039
*** WARNING *** The correlations for RODbaffles have been supplied by Phillips
Petroleum Company to enable users to design or check exchangers with
RODbaffles. However, the use of the correlations does not grant any licence
under any Phillips patent. [CURV 3503] $$
$M040
** FATAL ERROR ** $ST $SI The exchanger is operated as a falling film
evaporater, but the film side is single phase between the inlet and outlet
temperatures at the system pressure. Please check the data. The most likely
cause is missing the bubble point in isothermal or nearly isothermal cases.
If this is the case amend the temperatures or system pressure so that phase
change takes place. [CURV 2805] $$
$M041
*** WARNING *** The exchanger is operated as a falling film evaporater, with
the hot stream condensing. However, in the geometry data, the exchanger has
been specified as countercurrent (input item 103.4), which implies that the
hot stream is condensing in upflow. The methods are suspect in this
situation. Please check whether the exchanger should be co-current.
[CURV 1908] $$
$M050

** FATAL ERROR ** The thermosyphon stream (stream 2, the cold stream) must
be two phase. Its T-h-x data must have x (quality, vapour mass fraction)
which is not all =0 (liquid only) or all =1.0 (vapour only).
$M051
*** WARNING *** You did not specify a pressure at the liquid surface (in the
distillation column or equivalent) for this thermosyphon stream. A value of
$R1 has been estimated from the exchanger inlet pressure ($R2) you specified.
The difference is based on the gravitational head in the inlet line, assuming
negligible frictional losses there. When the thermosyphon stream flowrate
comes to be calculated, the exchanger inlet pressure will be modified to
allow for such losses.
$M052
*** WARNING *** Based on the pressure of $R1 at the liquid surface in the
column, and an initial estimate of $R2 at inlet to the exchanger, the
corresponding temperature and quality (vapour mass fraction) at inlet
have been calculated to be $R3 and $R4. Your data input for one or both
of these was different. The temperature has been reset to the calculated
value, and the quality set to zero.
$M053
*** WARNING *** You did not specify pressure dependence for the properties
of the thermosyphon stream (stream 2). This may lead to inconsistencies,
or inaccurate results. Switch pressure dependence on, or if possible, supply
properties data at a second pressure level. $NL
The estimated exchanger inlet pressure is currently $R1, while the outlet
pressure must be above $R2, the pressure in the column. All your property
data will be calculated at a pressure of $R3, where the bubble point is
$R4.
$M100
*** WARNING *** TASC has failed to calculate a tubecount. Your input value of
$I1 will be used. $$
$M101
*** WARNING *** TASC has failed to calculate a tubecount. Furthermore, the
area occupied by the input number of tubes ($I1) of outside diameter $R1, is
greater than the area defined by the shell inside diameter ($R2), the bundle
to shell radial clearance ($R3), and the positions of the top and bottom rows
of the tube bundle. $NL
TASC by default calculates the positions of the top and bottom rows of the
tube bundle, but they can also be set in the input on line 109. [OUTP 1042] $$
$M102
*** WARNING *** TASC has failed to calculate a tubecount, and you have not
input a tubecount. A further attempt to set a tube count will be made. $$
$M103
** FATAL ERROR ** A single tube of outside diameter $R1 cannot fit into the
E,I,J,K,D or M shell with an inside diameter of $R2 and bundle to shell radial
clearance of $R3. Please check your input geometry carefully. $$
$M104
** FATAL ERROR ** Two tubes of outside diameter $R1 and pitch $R2 cannot
fit into the F or G shell with an inside diameter of $R3 and bundle to shell
radial clearance of $R4. Please check your input geometry carefully. $$
$M105
** FATAL ERROR ** Dividing the area defined by the shell inside diameter ($R1)
and the bundle to shell radial clearance ($R2), by the area occupied by a
single tube with a pitch of $R3, gives a simple tubecount of $I1 for a full
bundle. However, this is less than the number of tubeside passes, $I2. Please
check your input geometry carefully. $$
$M106
*** WARNING *** Dividing the area defined by the shell inside diameter ($R1)
and the bundle to shell radial clearance ($R2), by the area occupied by a
single tube with a pitch of $R3, gives a simple tubecount of $I1 for a full

bundle. This value is used by TASC, but you are advised to check your input
geometry carefully. If you did not enter a tubecount on line 106, or the
positions of the top and bottom rows of the tube bundle on line 109, then
please consider doing so.$$
$M107
*** WARNING *** TASC has calculated a tubecount of $I1, which is less than the
tubecount of $I2 which you input. Your input value will be used. [OUTP 1013] $$
$M108
*** WARNING *** The area occupied by the input number of tubes ($I1) of
outside diameter $R1, is greater than the area defined by the shell inside
diameter ($R2), the bundle to shell radial clearance ($R3), and the positions
of the top and bottom rows of the tube bundle. However, TASC has calculated
a tubecount of $I2 which will be used. $NL
TASC by default calculates the positions of the top and bottom rows of the
tube bundle, but they can also be set in the input on line 109. [OUTP 1042] $$
$M110
*** WARNING *** The checking or simulation calculation has terminated
after $I1 iterations, because of excessive pressure drop on the $SI. $NL
The stream pressure has not been allowed to fall below 10% of the inlet
pressure. The calculated pressure loss may be implausibly high, which
suggests that there is likely to be choked flow on the $SI.
$M111
*** WARNING *** The checking or simulation calculation has terminated
after $I1 iterations, because of a temperature cross.
$M112
*** WARNING *** The checking or simulation calculation has terminated
after $I1 iterations, because of choking: See separate message.
$M113
*** WARNING *** The checking or simulation calculation has not converged
after $I1 iterations, which is the maximum permitted number.
$M201
** WARNING ** Vapour belts are not permitted for shellside outlet or
intermediate nozzles, or on X-shells. TASC will assume that the
shellside nozzle type is plain.
$M202
** WARNING ** The shellside inlet nozzle orientation is $I1 degrees and the
tubeside inlet nozzle orientation is $I2 degrees. These have been either
worked out by TASC on the basis of the hot stream inlet nozzle at the top
(0 degrees) and cold stream inlet nozzle at the bottom (180 degrees), or
they have been specified in the input data. However, the orientation of
the inlet nozzles is inconsistent with the countercurrent to first tubeside
pass flag. You should either change the countercurrent to first tubeside
pass flag or change/specify the orientation of the nozzles.
$M203
** WARNING ** $SI $ST : The inlet and outlet nozzle are offset by ninety
degrees. TASC does not yet make full allowance for such cases.
$M204
** WARNING ** $SI $ST : The outlet nozzle in F, G, H, OR X shells must be
on the opposite side from the inlet nozzle, and has been reset accordingly.
$M205
** FATAL ERROR ** $SI Nozzles: You have either not specified any
nozzles when they are needed, or have specified one of the types of
nozzle more than once, or you have not specified an inlet nozzle.
Your input data cannot be interpreted.
Please check that you specify one of the following combinations: $NL
Inlet and outlet nozzle $NL
Inlet and outlet and intermediate nozzle (multiple shells in series) $NL
Inlet and liquid-only outlet and vapour-only outlet (mandatory on
the shellside of K-shells, not allowed for multiple shells in series,

or on the shellside of X-shells)

$M206
** WARNING ** $SI Nozzles: You should specify either inlet and outlet
nozzles, or inlet, liquid-only-outlet and vapour-only-outlet nozzles.
[Liq/vap-only nozzles are mandatory on the shellside of kettles, but
are not allowed for the shellside of X-shells, or for thermosyphon
streams]. You have not specified a permissible set of nozzles.
TASC will try to interpret your input data, but you should
check carefully the nozzle information in the program output.
$M207
** WARNING ** $SI Nozzles: For multiple shells in series, you
should specify inlet, outlet and intermediate nozzles. Your nozzle
input is different. TASC will try to interpret it, but you should
check carefully the nozzle information in the program output.
$M208
** FATAL ERROR ** $SI Nozzles: TASC has tried to interpret your
input data and failed.
$M209
** WARNING ** $SI Nozzles: For I or J shells, TASC3 sometimes
adjusts the nozzle diameters by a factor of 0.707 (check the TASC3
output). However, TASC4 does not adjust the specified nozzle
diameters. Please check if your data set is from TASC3, and adjust
your nozzle diameters if necessary.
$M210
** WARNING ** The Thermosyphon stream flow has been reduced from an
initial estimate of $R1 down to $R2, in order to reduce the pressure
loss in the inlet line, and ensure that the pressure at the exchanger
inlet is above that at the liquid surface in the column.
$NL The flowrate of the hot stream has been reduced correspondly, to
maintain a heat balance.
$M211
** WARNING ** The heat transfer calculation has not converged for the
current thermosyphon flowrates. (shellside = $R1, tubeside = $R2).
The ratio of actual to required area is $R3.
$M212
** FATAL ERROR ** The calculation of thermosyphon flowrate has failed
to converge. For the current estimate of flowrate, $R1, the pressure
loss in the exchanger and inlet/outlet lines is $R2, while the driving
head due to gravity is $R3. Check other messages, and specification of
exchanger and inlet/outlet lines. Use a new estimate of flowrate, and
try again.
$M213
** WARNING ** The thermosyphon calculation has been aborted because of
the above fatal error. Thermosyphon flow iteration $I1, heat balance
iteration $I2.
$M220
*** WARNING *** The tube length increment has been specified as $R1,
but this is unacceptable, so TASC uses a default tube length increment
of $R2. The specified tube length increment is unacceptable because it
is either negative, or it is zero but the specified maximum and
minimum tube lengths are not equal, or it is greater than the
difference between the specified maximum and minimum tube lengths.
$M221
*** WARNING *** You have specified the number of baffles as zero.
The exchanger has been re-defined as unbaffled, and the baffle type reset
accordingly. Input relating to baffles will be ignored.
$M222
*** WARNING *** The number of baffles specified $I1 is inconsistent with the

shell type. Expected numbers could be $I2 or $I3. $NL

G, I and J-shells have an odd number (includes baffle under cental nozzle).
$NL H-shells have an even number. (for H shells only, the number of baffles
has been reduced by one).
$M223
*** WARNING *** The number of baffles specified $I1 is inconsistent with the
nozzle orientations, and up and over flow. The expected numbers could be
$I2 or $I3. $NL
For each shellside flow path, there is an odd number of baffles if inlet
and outlet nozzles are on the same side, or an even number if they are on
opposite sides. F, G and H shells always have nozzles on opposite sides .$NL
E, F-shells have one shellside flow path, G,I and J two paths, H-shells four.
G, I and J-shells are assumed to have an additional baffle under the central
nozzle. H-shells have two such additional baffles.
$M224
*** WARNING *** A calculated endspace length was below zero. The endspace
is the endlength, $R1, minus the tubeplate thickness (plus projection
if any) $R2. The endspace has been set to $R3, and the endlength adjusted
to $R4. (for U-tubes, tubeplate and endspace lengths can be near zero)
$M225
*** WARNING *** The length of the baffled region, $R1, plus the endlengths,
were inconsistent with the tubelength $R2. The endlengths have been
reset to $R3 and $R4. $NL
Check Help text for exact definitions of endlengths.
$M226
*** WARNING *** The length of the baffled region, $R1, plus the endlengths,
were greater than the tubelength $R2. The number of baffles has been
reset from $I1 to $I2, and the endlengths reset to $R3 and $R4. $NL
Check Help text for exact definitions of endlengths.
$M227
*** WARNING *** A shellside nozzle diameter $R1 is larger than $R2, the
corresponding endspace length (or than twice the baffle pitch for central
nozzles). The corresponding endlength and tubeplate thickness are $R3 and $R4.
$NL Check your input carefully.
$M228
*** WARNING *** An endspace length $R1 is less than the baffle pitch $R2,
and/or the TEMA minimum (2 inches/ 50mm).
The corresponding endlength and tubeplate thickness are $R3 and $R4.
Check your input carefully.
$M229
*** WARNING *** The number of baffles, $I1, as specified or revised, is
inconsistent with the minimum for the shell type.
(2 for E and F , 5 for G, I and J, and 6 for H-shells: a baffle is assumed
under a central nozzle).
The exchanger has been re-defined as unbaffled, and the baffle type reset
accordingly.
$M230
*** WARNING *** You did not specify the number of baffles. This has been
calculated as $I1, the nearest value, given the tube length $R1, endlengths
$R2 and $R3, (as input or estimated) and a baffle pitch of $R4. $NL
Note: for G, H, I and J shells, with central nozzles, there is assumed to be
a baffle under such a nozzle.
$M231
*** WARNING *** There is a full support baffle (blanking baffle) present
(specified or default for S and T type rear heads), but the distance
beyond this baffle has not been specified. The distance beyond the
blanking baffle has been calculated as $R1. For U-bends, this distance is
the estimated support plate thickness $R2. For S-type rear heads, the
distance is two tubeplate thicknesses ($R3) plus the greater of 100mm or
the estimated support plate thickness. For all other rear head types, the

calculated distance beyond the blanking baffle is the tubeplate thickness

plus the greater of 100mm or the estimated support plate thickness.
$M240
*** WARNING *** A specified shell to nearest tube row distance $R1 is less
than the shell to bundle radial clearance $R2 plus half the tube outside
diameter $R3. This is not possible so TASC will calculate this distance.
$M241
*** WARNING *** The sum of the two specified distances from the shell to
the extreme tube row centrelines, $R1 plus $R2, is greater than the shell
inside diameter $R3.
This is not possible so TASC will calculate these two distances.
$M300
*** WARNING *** TASC has failed to calculate the interpass tubeside
enthalpy accurately.
$NL
The tubeside enthalpy at the end of pass 1 or 3 is $R1, but the mean of
the enthalpies at the end of this pass, and the beginning of the next
pass, is $R2. The difference between the enthalpy at the end of the pass
and the mean, compared to the heat load, is $R3 %.
$NL
TASC continues assuming that the interpass enthalpies have the mean value.
$M501
*** ERROR *** $NL
REASON: The iterations for the local heat transfer rate failed to converge
to the normal accuracy. Successive values of the local overall heat
transfer were $R1 and $R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation may be suspended.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Treat results with caution. Contact HTFS if program halted.
$M502
*** ERROR *** $NL
REASON: The iterations for the local tubeside boiling heat transfer coefficient
failed to converge to the normal accuracy. Successive heat fluxes were $R1 and
$R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation may be suspended.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Treat results with caution. Contact HTFS if program halted.
$M503
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The critical heat flux was exceeded in the calculation at qualities
between $R3 and $R4. At the point with a quality of $R3 the calculated
heat flux was $R1 and the critical heat flux was $R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued using the calculated heat flux OR
if you have requested a post-dryout heat transfer calculation, the program
limits the calculated heat flux to the critical heat flux.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: You should consider revising the design or the process
conditions.
$M504
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Boiling calculation - mixture correction parameter $R1 is greater
than the maximum allowable value of $R2.

$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Parameter set to 1.0 and calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M505
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Boiling calculation - mixture correction factor of $R1 is greater
than maximum allowable value of $R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Correction factor set to 1.0 and calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M506
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Boiling calculation - mixture correction factor of $R1 is less
than minimum allowable value of $R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Correction factor set to $R2 and calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M507
*** WARNING ** $NL
REASON: Parameter in critical heat flux correlation for shellside boiling
out of normal range.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M508
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Horizontal shell with axial flow boiling - insufficient liquid in
the bottom of the shell to cover the tubes
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Local heat transfer rate set to zero.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M509
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The calculated value of Xtt of $R1 was out of range of validity
($R2 to $R3) of the shellside two-phase flow pattern map.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M510
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The calculated value of the superficial velocity of $R1 was out of
range of validity ($R2 to $R3) of the shellside two-phase flow pattern map.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M511
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The shellside two phase flow pattern map predicted intermittent flow.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Assess consequences of intermittent flow
$M512

*** WARNING *** $NL

REASON: Tubeside boiling - the calculated critical heat flux of $R1 was
abnormal (data out of range of correlation)
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M513
*** ERROR *** $NL
REASON: Incorrect input to subroutine htsing for single phase heat transfer
inside tubes.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation halted.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data. Inform HTFS if error persists.
$M514
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Rayleigh number of $R1 outside range of validity ($R2 to $R3) of
correction to laminar Nusselt number for effects of free convection on
heat transfer in vertical heated downflow or cooled upflow.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution. See HTFS Handbook
Sheet SM2.
$M515
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Failure to converge natural convection calculation for single
phase heat transfer inside tubes. There is a possibility of instability.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued using result from last iteration.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M516
*** ERROR *** $NL
REASON: The iterations for the local shellside boiling heat transfer
coefficient failed to converge to the normal accuracy. Successive heat
fluxes were $R1 and $R2.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation may be suspended.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Treat results with caution. Contact HTFS if program halted.
$M517
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The crossflow flow distribution failed to converge within 1 per cent,
but was within 10 percent
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Treat results with caution.
$M518
*** ERROR *** $NL
REASON: The crossflow flow distribution failed to converge within 10 per cent.
$NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation normally halted.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data. Inform HTFS if error persists.
$M519
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Mass transfer correction factor of $R1 in condensation calculations

out of normal range ($R2 to $R3).

$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Mass transfer correction factor set to 1.0 and calculation
continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data. Treat results with caution.
$M520
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: Liquid/vapour density ratio of $R1 in critical heat flux correlation
for tubeside boiling out of normal range ($R2 to $R3).
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued using actual density ratio.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M521
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The correlations for single phase heat transfer and pressure loss
in low-finned tubes were applied outside their range of validity.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M522
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: A parameter with value $R1 in the correlation for single phase
heat transfer and pressure loss in Rod Baffled exchangers was
outside its range of validity of $R2 to $R3.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$M523
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: A simplified method was used for pool boiling heat transfer on low
finned tubes because the critical pressure was not available.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation continued.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Note that predictions may be over-conservative.
$M524
*** FATAL ERROR *** $NL
REASON: Error from PPP package. Liquid properties returned, since vapour
properties could not be found.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation normally halted.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data. Inform HTFS if error persists.
$M525
*** FATAL ERROR *** $NL
REASON: Error from PPP package. Vapour properties returned, since liquid
properties could not be found.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Calculation normally halted.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data. Inform HTFS if error persists.
$M526
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The method for the effects of natural convection on the
single-phase heat transfer coefficient produced over-conservative results.
$NL $NL

PROGRAM ACTION: Calculated heat transfer coefficient of $R1 replaced by

estimated minimum value of $R2.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: No action required, but you should check the property data.
$M531
*** WARNING *** $NL
REASON: The tubeside critical heat flux could not be
calculated between qualities of $R1 and $R2, probably because the
program has predicted fully stratified flow in a horizontal tube.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: It was therefore not possible to do a calculation of
post-dryout heat transfer (if requested) at these conditions, and the $NL
program has used the normal boiling heat transfer coefficient.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Note that the program has predicted fully stratified flow
in a horizontal tube. It may be desirable to increase the tubeside
mass flux.
$M600
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
RESULT: Analysis using HTFS Handbook Sheet TM16 (1983) could NOT be performed.
$NL $NL
PROGRAM ACTION: Stability condition of system not calculated.
$NL $NL
USER ACTION: Check data and treat results with caution.
$NL $NL
REFERENCE: HTFS Documents TM16, TP7, DR1, DR17 & Windows Help Text.
$$
$M601
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
RESULT: Analysis indicates that the system is likely to be stable.
$NL $NL
DETAILS: The calculated stability point (HTFS Handbook TM16, 1983) is $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI Figure = $I1 $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI X3 = $R1
$NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'y' = $R2 ('y' = Rp1, or DP13F/DP01FA) $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'z' = $R3 ('z' = Ja , or Rp2, or DP13A/DP13F)
$NL $NL
If you have the HTFS Handbook or Design Reports, see Handbook Sheets
TM16, TP7, Design Report DR1, DR17 for information on the methods used.
$$
$M602
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
RESULT: Analysis indicates that two-phase instability
may result in the system.
$NL $NL
DETAILS: The calculated value of the 'Exit Quality Number', X3 = $R1,
which is greater than the stable value of 15.0
$NL $NL
The calculated heat transfer and pressure drop do not allow for this
instability. $NL
You can usually reduce the exit quality, and hence the exit quality number,
by reducing the flow resistance in the circuit, or increasing the driving
head of liquid. $NL
See Windows Help text on Stability for more information. $NL
If you have the HTFS Handbook or Design Reports, see Handbook Sheets

TM16, TP7, Design Report DR1, DR17 for information on the methods used.
$$
$M603
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
RESULT: Analysis indicates that Excursive (Ledinegg) two-phase instability
may result in the system.
$NL $NL
DETAILS: Calculated stability point in HTFS Handbook Sheet TM16 (1983) = $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI Figure = $I1 $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI X3 = $R1
$NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'y' = $R2 ('y' = Rp1, or DP13F/DP01FA) $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'z' = $R3 ('z' = Ja , or Rp2, or DP13A/DP13F)
$NL $NL
The calculated heat transfer and pressure drop do not allow for this
instability. $NL
See Windows Help text on Stability for more information. $NL
If you have the HTFS Handbook or Design Reports, see Handbook Sheets
TM16, TP7, Design Report DR1, DR17 for information on the methods used.
$$
$M604
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
RESULT: Analysis indicates that Oscillatory (Density Wave) two-phase $NL
instability may result in the system.
$NL $NL
DETAILS: Calculated stability point in HTFS Handbook Sheet TM16 (1983) = $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI Figure = $I1 $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI X3 = $R1
$NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'y' = $R2 ('y' = Rp1, or DP13F/DP01FA) $NL
$SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI $SI 'z' = $R3 ('z' = Ja , or Rp2, or DP13A/DP13F)
$NL $NL
The calculated heat transfer and pressure drop do not allow for this
instability. $NL
See Windows Help text on Stability for more information. $NL
If you have the HTFS Handbook or Design Reports, see Handbook Sheets
TM16, TP7, Design Report DR1, DR17 for information on the methods used.
$$
$M605
**** THERMOSYPHON STABILITY ASSESSMENT ****
$NL
Analysis indicates that the system is likely to be stable. $NL
The Overall Pressure Ratio, Rp = $R1, which is less than the critical value
of 2.0
$NL $NL
See Windows Help text on Stability for more information. $NL
If you have the HTFS Handbook or Design Reports, see Handbook Sheet
TM16, TP7, Design Report DR1, DR17 for information on the methods used.
$$
$M606
*** WARNING *** The thermosyphon operating point was beyond the range of the
two-phase stability correlations [ If you have the HTFS Handbook, see Sheet
TM16, Figure $I1. Use the details above to see how far beyond the range it is]
$NL The stability calculation used the limit value on the Figure.
$$
$M620
**** VIBRATION ANALYSIS MESSAGES ****
$NL
The vibration analysis has generated $I1 warning/information message/s. $NL
Details are printed at the end of the lineprinter output file.

$$