Report On T&D in India

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
On
PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION &

DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
IN INDIA
Exploring the Business Opportunity in
Manufacturing Sector
At
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited
JUNE-JULY, 2012
Under the Guidance of
Mr. ANURAG RAIZADA

Principal Consultant, Energy
Division
Feedback Infrastructure
Services Private Ltd.
Mr. J. S. S. RAO
Principal Director
National Power Training Institute
Prepared By
ABHINAV GUPTA
Roll No. 1120812182
MBA - Power Management, Batch: 2011-13
NATIONAL POWER TRAINING

INSTITUTE (NPTI), Faridabad
Submitted to
MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,

ROHTAK
DECLARATION
I, ABHINAV GUPTA, Roll No. 1120812182, student of MBA-Power Management (2011-13) at
National Power Training Institute (NPTI), Faridabad hereby declare that the Summer Training
Report entitled
PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT
MANUFACTURING IN INDIA
is an original work and the same has not been submitted to any other institute for the award of
any other degree.
A Seminar presentation of the Training Report was made on 29th August, 2012 and the
suggestions as approved by the faculty were duly incorporated.
Presentation In-Charge
Signature of the Candidate
(Faculty)
Countersigned
Director/Principal of the Institute
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Its my immense pleasure to present this report under the subject of Prospects of Transmission
& Distribution Equipment Manufacturing in India. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of the project.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Devtosh Chaturvedi, Director, Energy
Division and Mr. Anurag Raizada, Principal Consultant, Energy Division of Feedback
Infrastructure Services Private Limited for giving me an opportunity to work under their
guidance and a rare chance to work on a prominent project.
I would like to express my heartiest thanks to Mr. Dilip Behera, Consultant, Energy Division,
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited for giving me a chance to work with him,
providing me with the necessary resources, ideas and facilitating me in this project.
I am also thankful to Mr. J.S.S. Rao, Principal Director, CAMPS (NPTI); Mr. S.K. Chaudhary,
Principal Director, CAMPS; Mrs. Manju Mam, Dy. Director, NPTI; Mrs. Indu Maheshwari, Dy.
Director, NPTI; for arranging my summer internship at Feedback Infrastructure Services Private
Limited. Its my privilege to have Mr. J.S.S. Rao, Principal Director, CAMPS (NPTI) as my
internal project guide. He has been a constant source of motivation and guidance throughout
the course of my internship.
I also extend my thanks to all the faculties and my batch mates in CAMPS (NPTI), for their
support and guidance throughout the course of internship.
ABHINAV GUPTA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No.
CONTENTS
Page No.
CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY
DECLARATION
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
vi
LIST OF TABLES
vii
ABBREVIATIONS
ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry
1.2
Problem Statement
1.3
Objective
1.4
Organization Profile
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1
Literature Survey
2.2
Research Methodology
SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA
3.1
Indian Power Sector
3.2
Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan
3.3
3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation
3.2.2 Transmission System in India
3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines
10
3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations
12
3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector
14
3.2.6 Technological Development
16
Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan
18
3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan
18
3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines
20
3.3.3 Addition of Substations
21
3.3.4 Development of National Grid: Inter-State Transmission Capacity
22
3.3.5 Growth of Distribution Business
23
INDIAN ELECTRICAL T&D EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY
28
4.1
Industry Scenario
28
4.2
Cable & Conductor
30
4.3
4.2.1 Cable
30
4.2.2 Types of Cable
30
4.2.3 Conductor
31
4.2.4 Types of Conductor
31
4.2.5 Competitor Analysis
32
4.2.6 Financial Analysis
34
4.2.7 Industry Performance
35
4.2.8 Market Prospects
36
Transmission Tower
38
4.3.1 Types of Transmission Tower
39
41
45
46
47
4.4
Switchgear & Control Instruments
48
4.4.1 Constituents of Switchgear
48
51
57
57
4.4.5 Demand Segments
58
60
4.5
Transformer
60
4.5.1 Major Components of Transformer
61
4.5.2 Market Analysis
64
67
73
4.5.5 Growth in Market Size
73
4.5.6 Prospective Clients
74
4.5.7 Business Risk
75
Energy Meter
75
4.6
4.6.1 Types of Energy Meter
76
80
83
84
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES
87
5.1
Increasing Imports: A Major Challenge
87
5.2
Critical Issues
88
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
90
6.1
Business Opportunities
90
6.2
Cables
90
6.3
Conductors
90
6.4
Transmission Towers
91
6.5
Switchgears & Controls
91
6.6
Transformers
92
6.7
Energy Meters
92
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
94
ANNEXURE - I
96
ANNEXURE II
97
LIST OF FIGURES
NAME OF FIGURE
Page No.
Figure 1: Per Capita Yearly Electricity Consumption
Figure 2: Trend in Transmission Line Growth
11
Figure 3: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Transmission Lines
12
Figure 4: Trend in Substation Capacity Growth
13
Figure 5: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Substation Capacity
14
Figure 6: AT&C Loss: Past Performance and Future Expectations
15
Figure 7: Infrastructure Addition in 11th Plan
18
Figure 8: Structure of T&D Network Planning
18
Figure 9: Sourcing of Financial Investment
19
Figure 10: Transmission Line Length (Ckm): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
20
Figure 11: Substation Capacity (MVA): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
21
Figure 12: Cumulative Growth of Inter-State Transmission Capacity (MW)
22
Figure 13: Growth of T&D Lines below 66 kV
23
Figure 14: Growth of (All) T&D Equipments Industry in India
28
Figure 15: Growth of Major T&D Equipments in India
29
Figure 16: Cable
30
Figure 17: Cross Sectional View of Three Core Belted Cable
31
Figure 18: Aluminum Conductor
31
Figure 19: ACSR Conductor
31
Figure 20: Cable Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
37
Figure 21: Conductor Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
37
Figure 22: Cable & Conductor: Export Trend
38
Figure 23: Transmission Tower
39
Figure 24: Waist Type Tower
40
Figure 25: Double Circuit Tower
40
Figure 26: Steel Tubular Pole
40
Figure 27: Guyed-V Tower
41
Figure 28: Tower Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
47
Figure 29: Switchgear: Circuit Breaker
48
Figure 30: Oil Circuit Breaker
48
Figure 31: Voltage Circuit Breaker
49
Figure 32: Gas Circuit Breaker
50
Figure 33: Current Transformer
51
Figure 34: Voltage Transformer
51
Figure 35: Export of Switchgear Instruments
58
Figure 36: Switchgear Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
60
Figure 37: Transformer
61
Figure 38: Transformer Windings
61
Figure 39: Core
62
Figure 40: Conservator Tank
62
Figure 41: Radiator
62
Figure 42: Buchholz Relay
63
Figure 43: Bushings
63
Figure 44: Demand Drivers fo Transformer
65
Figure 45: Transformer Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
74
Figure 46: Energy Meter
75
Figure 47: Electromechanical Meter
76
Figure 48: Electronic Meter
77
Figure 49: HTMD Meter
77
Figure 50: Apex Meters
78
Figure 51: LTCT Meter
78
Figure 52: LT Whole Current Meter
79
Figure 53: Prepaid Meter
79
Figure 54: Running Cycle of Prepaid Meter
80
Figure 55: Export of Electrical Meters
84
Figure 56: Metering Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
86
Figure 57: CHINA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments
87
Figure 58: KOREA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments
88
LIST OF TABLES
NAME OF TABLE
Page No.
Table 1: Snapshot: Indian Power Sector
Table 2: Planwise Generation Capacity Addition
Table 3: Growth of Transmission Lines (Ckm)
10
Table 4: Growth of Substation Capacity (MVA)
13
Table 5: 12th Plan: Investment Layout in Power Sector
19
Table 6: Planned addition of Transmission Lines (Ckm) in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
20
Table 7: Planned Addition of Substation Capacity in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
22
Table 8: Distribution Sector: Network Enhancement in 12th Plan
24
Table 9: AT&C Losses: Projected Performance
25
Table 10: Transmission & Distribution Equipments
28
Table 11: Sterlite Technologies Limited
32
Table 12: JSK Industries Pvt. Limited
32
Table 13: Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited
33
Table 14: Deepak Cables (India) Limited
33
Table 15: KEC International
34
Table 16: Competitor Performance
34
Table 17: Performance of Cable & Transmission Line Industry
35
Table 18: Strategic Analysis
36
Table 19: Voltage Segmentation of Power System
38
Table 20: Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited
41
Table 21: IVRCL
41
42
42
Table 24: Jyoti Structures Limited
43
Table 25: Gammon India Ltd
43
Table 26: Unitech Power Transmission Ltd
44
Table 27: Aster Private Ltd
44
Table 28: Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd
45
45
Table 30: Performance of Transmission Line Industry
46
46
Table 32: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
51
Table 33: Siemens India Limited
52
Table 34: ABB Limited
53
Table 35: Crompton Greaves Limited
53
Table 36: Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited
54
Table 37: Biecco Lawrie Limited
55
Table 38: Jyoti Limited
55
Table 39: Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd
55
Table 40: Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited
56
Table 41: Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd
56
Table 42: Kappa Electricals
57
57
Table 44: Performance of Switchgear Industry
58
59
Table 46: Types of Transformer
61
Table 47: Transformer: Domestic Demand Vs Supply
64
Table 48: Performance of Transformer Industry
65
Table 49: Transformer: Demand Creators
66
Table 50: Transformer Exports from India
66
Table 51: Transformer Industry: Prominent Players
67
67
68
68
69
70
Table 57: Transformers & Rectifiers
71
Table 58: Vijai Electricals
71
Table 59: Voltamp
71
Table 60: Bharat Bijlee
72
Table 61: EMCO
72
Table 62: Competitor Analysis
73
Table 63: Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd
80
Table 64: Secure Meters Limited
81
Table 65: L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division)
82
Table 66: ECE Industries Limited
82
Table 67: HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd
83
Table 68: Capital Power Systems Ltd
83
Table 69: Performance of Metering Industry
84
85
ABBREVIATIONS
ABC
Areal Bunched Conductor
IPTC
Independent Power Transmission Company
ACA
Additional Central Assistance
IS
Indian Standard
ACAR
Aluminum Core Alloy Reinforced
ISTS
Interstate Transmission System
ACS
Average Cost of Supply
I-STS
Intra-State Transmission System
ACSR
Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced
JV
Joint Venture
AMR
Automatic Meter Reading
kV
Kilo Volt
ARR
Average revenue Realized
kWh
Kilowatt Hour
AT&C
Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
ATO
Annual Turn Over
LTCT
Low Tension Current Transformer
CAGR
Compound Annual Growth Rate
LV
Low Voltage
CEA
Central Electricity Authority
MCB
Miniature Circuit Breaker
Ckm
Circuit Kilometer
MCCB
Molded Case Circuit Breaker
CRGO
Cold Rolled Grain Oriented
MV
Medium Voltage
CT
Current Transformer
MVA
Mega Volt Ampere
CTU
Central Transmission Utility
MW
Mega Watt
CVD
Counter Veiling Duty
OCB
Oil Circuit Breaker
DISCO
M
Distribution Company
PGCIL
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
DT
Distribution Transformer
R&D
Research & Development
ED
Energy Division
R-APDRP Restructured-APDRD
EE
Electrical Equipment
RGGVY
Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojna
EHV
Extra High Voltage
RoW
Right of Way
EPC
Engineering, Procurement, Construction
SAD
Special Additional Duty
EU
European Union
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

System
FY
Financial Year
SEB
State Electricity Board
FYP
Five Year Plan
STU
State Transmission Utility
GENCO Generation Company
T&D
Transmission & Distribution
GIS
Gas Insulated Switchgear
ToD
Time of Day
HCTC
High Capacity Transmission Corridor
TRANSC
O
Transmission Company
HTMD
High Tension Maximum Demand
UHV
Ultra High Voltage
HVAC
High Voltage Alternating Current
VCB
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
HVDC
High Voltage Direct Current
VT
Voltage Transformer
HVDS
High Voltage Distribution System
WC
Whole Current
IEEMA
Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturing

Association
XLPE
Cross Link Poly Ethylene
INR
Indian Rupees
YoY
Year on Year
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Indian Power Sector has witnessed the robust growth during the 11th Five Year Plan. Power
generation capacity of 53,000 MW has been added in 11th Plan which is ever highest among any
five year plan. The focus of investments in the Indian Power Sector has typically been on the
generation segment, while the importance of Transmission and Distribution segment has always
been undervalued. During 11thPlan, about 55% of total investment in the power sector was in the
generation segment, 15% in transmission and 30% in distribution. This investment pattern needs
to be revised. Investment in the generation, transmission and distribution segments should ideally
be in the ratio of 2:1:2. During the 12th plan, 47% of the total investment in the sector has been
earmarked for the generation segment while the rest has been reserved for T&D and other
segments. Power transmission is the backbone of whole power system for any country. To
transmit more power from one end to another, even more robust and reliable network is required.
In India, voltage level at 220 kV and above is used for long distance power transfer. In the
11th Plan, focus has been to shift the operating transmission voltage level from 220 kV & 400 kV
towards 765 kV. Initial efforts in 1200 kV segment has also been made successfully. HVDC
transmission has emerged as more convenient way to transmit power for distance more than 8001000 km. Accordingly, availability of equipments of suitable voltage level have become prime
need of the time for the further development. Indian T&D equipment industry has grown faster
in 2009-10 and 2010-11 as compared to 2007-08 and 2008-09. It reflects high degree of
correlation between generation capacity addition activity and corresponding enhancement of
transmission & Distribution system.
In this development, now the importance of T&D manufacturing industry can not be subdued.
Balance between demand and; timely & cost effective supply of equipment affects the growth of
transmission & distribution network and hence connectivity between generator and the end
consumer. Today countrys major T&D equipment market has crossed the mark of INR 64,000
Crore. Indian T&D manufacturing industry comprises a mixture of around four hundred; Power,
Distribution and instrument transformer manufacturers, one hundred fifty switchgear
manufacturers, fifty energy meter manufacturers, seventy capacitor manufacturers, one hundred
fifty cable manufacturers and approx fifty insulator manufacturers.
Overall, Indian T&D equipment manufacturing industry is able to cater the domestic demand.
Additionally, industry exports various kinds of equipments to the foreign market. This portfolio
especially comprises small & medium; power and distribution transformers, switchgears,
conductors etc. Import portfolio includes EHV cables, large transformers electric rotating
machines etc.
Although this industry is flooded with more than one thousand manufacturers yet most of the
market share is held by a few leading multinational players. It is mainly because of poor
attention on Research and Development to explore new technologies. Today, in spite of being
one of the largest markets in the world; domestic manufacturers are not able to fulfill countrys
demand of equipments. In order to become self dependent, Indian Government has Vision 2022
set for Indian Electrical Equipment Industry to make India the country of choice for the
production of electrical equipment and reach an output of INR 5 Lakh Crore by balancing
exports and imports. To achieve the vision, concerted efforts by all stakeholders including
government, industry and industry association, needs to be deployed.
According to Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Association (IEEMA) which consists
95% of Indian Manufacturing Companies; performance of industry has remained average
compared to last year. Cable and Energy Meter industry has been able to lead the industry in
2011-12.
Equipment Category
Market Size in 2011-12 (INR Crore)
Growth in 2011-12 (YoY)
CAGR (11th Plan)
Cables
19,496
25.7%
14.5%
Conductors
5,914
4.3%
5.9%
Transmission Towers
6,257
-5.2%
6.4%
Switchgears
8,882
-2.4%
7.9%
Transformers
12,498
1.2%
5.5%
Capacitors
506
-1.8%
10.8%
Energy Meters
2,387
6.1%
5.8%
Rotating Machines
6,373
1%
5.5%
Although Year on Year (YoY) basis, growth rate at 6.6% in 2011-12 half as compared to 13.7%
in 2010-11 yet over the last five years industry size has increased at a CAGR of 8.5%. It is a sign
of long term growth of the equipment industry.
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry
The process of power generation and its eventual transmission and distribution (T&D) can be
compared to the process by which food grains are supplied to cities from the places where they
are produced and stored. Even if the warehouses are full with food grains, the transport
infrastructure should be in good condition for the food grains to reach the end-users. If transport
infrastructure is inefficient and inadequate, it not only results in to supply shortage but also leads
to wastage during transport. In case of power, generation capacity is the warehouse and T&D
infrastructure plays the role of transport facility.
Considering the rapidly increasing demand of power in country, massive generation capacity is
planned to fulfill this demand. At the same time, huge investment is required in building up the
T&D infrastructure so as to ensure efficient supply of power. The power transmission and
distribution equipment industry is a critical part of the Indian power sector. Power generation is
key growth-driver for the equipment manufacturing industry.
In India, power transmission equipment companies include those who manufacture transmission
lines and towers, substations, equipments like transformers, reactors and electrical equipments
like electrical meters and metering solutions. Indian T&D equipment market is fragmented. It is
characterized by the presence of a number of small and medium enterprises yet some major
players dominate the market share. These companies do their business through different routes
available in the market. In an EPC contract route, the EPC contractor (EPCC) agrees to deliver a
completely commissioned plant to the owner for an agreed amount. This is just as a builder who
hands over the keys of a fully furnished flat to a purchaser. Transmission equipment companies
that are in the business of setting up transmission lines and towers; and substations follow the
EPC route wherein they take up turnkey projects. Companies that deal in manufacturing
transformers and electric meters, directly sell them to Power Grid Corp (PGCIL), State
Electricity Boards (SEBs) and other private distribution companies.
1.2 Problem Statement

The electrical T&D equipment industry in India has a long history. Clocked at 6.6% growth in
the FY 2011-12, it covers over 1,500 units of varying sizes, amounting for an annual turnover of
about INR 64,000 Crores. It amounts for more than INR 20,000 Crores of annual exports and
above INR 32,000 Crores of annual imports; it has a negative trade balance which has been
increasing in recent times.
In spite of increasing imports, this industry has a very good potential for domestic as well as
export market in most of the developing and some of the developed countries. But matter is the
correct assessment of the market and selection of right equipment segment to enter in the
manufacturing business.
1.3 Objective
The objective of this report is as under
i. Analyzing the performance of Indian Electrical T&D equipment industry during last five
to ten years and current status.
ii. Analyzing the prospects and growth drivers of T&D equipment industry in next five to
ten years in India.
iii. Identification of equipment segment and exploring the business opportunity for a new
entrant in the market.
1.4 Organization Profile

Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited, more commonly known as Feedback Infra, is a
leading professional and technical services company in the infrastructure sector in India. From
concept to commissioning, Company offers an integrated suite of services across all sectors of
infrastructure.
Headquartered in Gurgaon, Feedback Infra has 5 regional offices and 70 project offices
nationally. Besides India, Feedback has projects in Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Europe, Indonesia, Malaysia, Middle East, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Syria.
Feedback Infra is enabled by a large pool of multidisciplinary experts; cutting-edge functional
and domain knowledge; an all-India network of offices; and a strong shareholding L&T,
IDFC, and HDFC.
The Various sectors are Transportation & Logistics, Energy, Housing & Townships, Commercial
Infrastructure, Industrial Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Retail & Entertainment, Healthcare,
Hospitality, Urban Development and Special Economic Zones
Feedback is presently working on more than 35,000 MW of new power generation capacity;
20,000 km of National and State Highways; 100,000 acres of real estate development and a
building area of more than 22 million square feet.
Energy Division (ED) is an integral part of the energy and fuel landscape in India, handholding
utilities through the reform and re-structuring process and introducing and guiding private
investments in the sector. From, identifying and evaluating business opportunities, structuring of
projects, representing the clients in the financial and power markets, providing implementation
support and performance management capabilities, Feedback Infra has built valuable
relationships with utilities; Indian and global energy majors and with individual captive plants.
Its services range from policy framework creation addressing sectoral issues, to project-driven
customized services meeting specific needs of the client.
In generation, Energy Division (ED) offers coal and IPP entry strategies, tariff studies, project
structuring, business plans and long-term fuel strategy procurement.
In transmission, ED offers transmission service agreements, cost of service, energy accounting at
the SLDC level, merit and UI trade analysis and grid support changes.
In distribution, the division conducts the valuation of an existing business, a go-no-go analysis,
set up distribution franchisees, offer tariff rationalization, ways to enhance revenues, reduce
T&D losses and costs of service.
In the regulatory area, ED assists with the ARR filings, review of regulations and regulatory
comparison, open access regulations and PPA renegotiations.
In the renewable area, ED provides strategic advisory services through the entire project cycle from site evaluation to post commissioning support; including assessment of business models,
technology issues, policy and regulatory factors.
In the energy efficiency space, ED enjoys a strong domestic and an evolving international
presence. As a Grade-II ESCO, it goes beyond providing traditional advisory or engineering
design services - offering guaranteed energy conservation solutions and project
development/management services to the household, industry, commercial and rural sector.
In the information technology space, ED is a leader in providing IT solutions to the Power
Distribution utilities and has undertaken IT assisted performance improvement for utilities across
the country. The Division is also moving into the Smart Grid arena with international
accreditations under its belt.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
2.1 Literature Survey
The global electrical equipment industry consists of the following two segments:
i. Global heavy electrical equipment market power generating equipment, including

wind turbines, and other heavy electrical equipments such as power turbines, heavy
electrical machinery intended for fixed-use and large electrical systems.
ii. Global electrical components and equipment market electric power cables,
transformers and electrical switchgear, transmission line towers, etc.
The global EE market is expected to increase from more than US$ 3 trillion (2008-15) to US$
6.8 trillion (2016-30). This translates into ~2% CAGR over the long term. Asia-Pacific and
Europe together account for more than 70% of the global market, with Asia- Pacifics share
being 45%. This region is expected to see the strongest demand in future due to the regions
strong expected economic growth rates.
Globally, growth rates have been less-than-impressive in recent years in the electrical equipment
market, but there is scope for expansion in certain geographical areas, such as the emerging
markets in the Asia-Pacific region. Robust economic growth in emerging countries such as China
and India, combined with rapid urbanization and strong growth in fixed investment spending in
these countries, is expected to boost the demand for electrical equipment in these countries.
A period of deregulation is being witnessed in the power sectors of most countries, with an
increase in the number of independent power distributors and operators who are capable of
supplying services at different points in the power sector value chain. In developed countries,
rising ecological concerns and investment in alternative sources of power generation should
benefit the heavy electric power equipment segment such as the wind turbines.
Global trade in EE products accounts for 3% of the overall trade. While global trade has grown
at 5.2% CAGR (2006-10), while trade in EE has grown by 5.8% over the same period, thus
increasing its share in the global trade. Global trade in EE has reached US$ 453 billion in 2010,
with China being the leading exporter of electrical equipment with over 15 percent share. India
accounts for less than 1% of the total share of exports. USA and China are the largest import
markets in the world for EE. India imports 2% of total EE trade of the world. India has a trade
deficit in EE trade, with imports higher than exports, consistently for the last many years.
Switchgears and rotating machines together cover ~36% of the trade market. China is the leading
exporter in rotating machines as well as transformers with more than 16% share, while India has
less than 2% share in global trade of these products. US is the largest importer of rotating
machines as well as transformers. China dominates trade in most of these product segments.
Segments such as rotating machines, transformers, lamps, cables are dominated by China with
double digit shares in global trade. Countries like Japan, US and Germany dominate trade in a
few segments like switchgears, insulators, capacitors etc.
2.2 Research Methodology

The project is based on the basic concept of research methodology. The following concepts are
directly or indirectly used while dong this project.
Collection of Data
Secondary source of data collection has been adopted. Sources of data have been the companies
websites and different commercial & ministry websites.
Population
Prominent players in the manufacturing sector have been chosen from the population mean.
Analysis Pattern
Comparative analysis of different companies has been carried out.
CHAPTER - 3
SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA
3.1 Indian Power Sector
Indian power sector has witnessed a rapid growth in all verticals i.e. generation, transmission and
distribution. Generation sector which saw the fastest growth during last five years was followed
by transmission capability enhancement. On the third dimension, distribution sector has now
achieved the pace of reforms especially in last five years. Corrective measures taken after
economic crisis of 1991, whole power sector has proved to be a great opportunity; especially for
private players.
Table 1: Snapshot: Indian Power Sector
Area
32.8 Lakh sq km
Population
(Census 2011)
1.21 Billion
Per Capita Electricity Consumption
(2010-11)
814 kWh per annum
205,340 MW
Thermal: 136,436 MW
Installed Generation Capacity
Hydro: 39,291 MW
(June 2012)
Nuclear: 4,780 MW
RES: 24,833 MW
Installed Transmission Capacity
(May 2012)
Transmission Line Length
EHV Substation Capacity
Total: 270,873 ckm
Total: 420,561 MVA
500 kV HVDC: 9,432 ckm
500 kV HVDC: 11,200 MW
765 kV: 6,337 ckm
765 kV: 30,500 MVA
400 kV: 114,277 ckm
400 kV: 152,342 MVA
220 kV: 140,827 ckm
220 kV: 226,519 MVA
Unbundled Discoms
(2000-11)
73
Average AT&C Losses
(2009-10)
27.15%
Electrified Villages
th
Up to 11 Plan
90%
Source: CEA, Planning Commission
The power generation capacity added in the 11th Plan, which ended in March 2012, was around
53,000 MW. It is close to 68% of the originally projected addition (78,700 MW during the plan
period). But the capacity addition achieved is no mean accomplishment, given that the quantum
is similar to what the country had added in the previous three Five-Year Plans (15 years ended
March 2007). In fact, 20,501 MW of addition last fiscal was the highest for any year and is close
to 21,180 MW added in the whole of 10th Plan period (2002-07). Increasing population,
improving lifestyle, developing infrastructure and growth has led the higher demand of power.
Consistent increase in per capita annual electricity consumption is reflected by growth in power
sector. Elasticity between the overall growth of the country and that of power sector has been in
the range of 0.8 to 0.9.
Source: CEA
Figure 1: Per Capita Yearly Electricity Consumption
The investment climate is very positive in the power sector. Due to policy liberalization, the
power sector has witnessed higher investment flows than envisaged. The power ministry has set
a target for adding 76,000 MW of electricity generation capacity in the 12th Plan (2012-17) and
93,000 MW in the 13th Plan (2017-2022). The Working Group on Power for formulation of the
12th Plan has estimated total fund requirement of INR 1,372,580 Crore for the power sector.
During the 12th Plan, main sources of financing are commercial banks, public financial
institutions, dedicated infrastructure/power finance institutions, insurance companies, overseas
markets, bilateral/multilateral credit, bond markets and equity markets. In addition, steps have
been taken by government to make available funds through Credit Enhancement Schemes and
Infrastructure Debt Fund etc.
3.2 Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan

3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation
11th Plan has emerged as the best inception period for private companies. On a positive note, the
better execution capabilities of private players came forth in the last FYP. Approx 23,000 MW of
capacity is added by the private sector during the 11th plan. Much of the capacity addition was
again through the thermal route. The working group envisages more than 40,015 MW of 76,000
MW of capacity to be added by private players in the current plan (ended 2017).
Table 2: Planwise Generation Capacity Addition
Plan
7th Plan
Central Sector
State Sector
Private Sector
Total
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
9,320
9,534.5
12,925
11,867
22,245
21,406
% Achievement
8th Plan
102%
12,858
% Achievement
9th Plan
11,904
% Achievement
4,504
22,832
13,005
10,748
15,220
2,810
9,353
11,157
6,245
17,589
71.7%
16,732
77%
30,538
5,262
7,121
1,931
40,245
23,013
118%
19,119
48%
41,110
27%
19,797
16,423
54%
30%
56%
21,355
1,430
96%
60%
87%
57%
21,222
6,835
0%
46%
37.8%
% Achievement
11th Plan
14,870
63.4%
% Achievement
10th Plan
8,157
92%
21,180
52%
62,374
54,964
88%
Source: CEA
3.2.2 Transmission Systems in India

The transmission systems that are in place in the country consist of Inter-State Transmission
System (ISTS) and Intra State Transmission System (Intra-STS).
Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS)

ISTS is mainly owned and operated by Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
(POWERGRID) which is also Central Transmission Utility (CTU). In future, Inter State
Transmission System (ISTS) schemes would be built through competitive bidding and many
private sector entities would own and operate the ISTS elements. Already, various ISTS schemes
owned by the private sector or joint venture (JV) between private sector and POWERGRID are
under construction. The ISTS serves the following purpose:
Evacuation of power from inter-state generating stations which have beneficiaries in

more than one state.
Onwards transmission of power to power from inter-state generation stations up to the

delivery point of the state grid.
Transfer of operational surpluses from surplus state(s) to deficit state(s) or from surplus
region(s) to deficit region(s).
Intra State Transmission System (Intra-STS)

Intra-STS within the state are mainly owned and operated by the state transmission utilities of
each state. The Intra-STS serves the following purpose:
Evacuation of power from generating stations having beneficiaries in the same state.
Power transmission within the State from ISTS boundary up to the various substations of
the state grid network.
Power transmission within the state grid for delivery to the load centre within the state.
3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines
A program for construction of 88,515 ckm transmission lines for evacuation of power from
generating stations as well as for strengthening of transmission network was envisaged at the
beginning of the 11th Plan corresponding to generation capacity addition program of 78,700
MW.
Table 3: Growth of Transmission Lines (Ckm)
6th Plan
7th Plan
8th Plan
9th Plan
10th Plan
11th Plan(As on Mar-2012)
Central
1,634
3,234
4,368
5,948
State
1,504
1,504
1,504
JV/Private
1,980
Total
1,634
4,738
5,872
9,432
Central
751
1,775
5,319
State
409
409
411
Total
1,160
2,184
5,730
1,831
13,068
23,001
29,345
48,708
75,974
At the end of
500 kV HVDC
765 kV
400 kV
Central
State
4,198
6,756
13,141
20,033
24,730
33,681
JV/Private
2,284
8,443
Total
6,029
19,824
36,142
49,378
75,722
11,3367
Central
1,641
4,560
6,564
8,687
9,444
11,004
State
44,364
55,071
73,036
88,306
105,185
128,823
JV/Private
468
Total
46,005
59,631
79,600
96,993
114,629
140,164
Progressive Growth
52,034
79,455
117,376
152,269
198,407
Total# 268,693
220 kV
Source: CEA
Subsequently, during the mid-term appraisal by the Planning Commission, generation capacity
target for the 11th Plan was scaled down to 62,374 MW. Accordingly, 68,673 ckm of
transmission line addition in the 11th Plan was anticipated during Mid-Term appraisal of the
Planning Commission. This comprises 2,773 ckm of 765 kV lines, 40,000 ckm of 400 kV lines,
24,300 ckm for 220 kV lines and 1600 ckm for HVDC lines. Against this program, actual
addition of transmission lines during 11th Plan was 75,148 ckm comprising of 3,546 ckm of 765
kV lines, 3,560 ckm of HVDC lines, 37,645 ckm of 400 kV lines and 25,535 ckm of 220 kV
lines.
During last six Five Year Plans country has added the transmission line at a CAGR of 39%.
11th Plan has witnessed the largest line addition of 75,148 ckm. Total length up to 11th plan has
been 38% more over the cumulative length up to 10th Plan. It is more than 1.62 times of the lines
added during 10th Plan. During last six FYP, transmission lines at the voltage level of 400 kV and
765 kV have grown at CAGR of 81% & 122% respectively. It indicates more focus towards
higher voltage level in order to minimize the transmission losses. Higher interest in HVDC
projects has been shown to overcome the limitation of AC transmission. In 11th Plan private
players have entered in to this segment.
Figure 2: Trend in Transmission Line Growth
Transmission lines at the voltage level of 220 kV has shown consistent average growth rate of
25% over last six FYP. Central Transmission Utility (CTU) i.e. Power Grid has made an
impressive addition of more than 12,000 MW in interregional transmission capacity. Hence total
interregional transfer capacity has reached up to 28,000 MW by the end of 11th Plan.
Figure 3: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Transmission Lines
India is now looking at linking the transmission system with its neighboring countries Bhutan,
Nepal and Sri Lanka. There are also plans to develop an undersea HVDC transmission link
between Sri Lanka and India.
3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations
A program of 157,691 MVA of transformation capacity corresponding to generation capacity

addition program of 78,700 MW was envisaged at the beginning of the 11th Plan. During the midterm appraisal by the Planning Commission, no revision in transformation capacity addition
program was indicated. Actual achievement of transformation capacity addition during 11th Plan
clocked at 153,362 MVA comprising of 25,000 MVA at 765 kV level, 3,000 MW of HVDC,
58,085 MVA at 400 kV level and 67,277 MVA at 220 kV level.
Table 4: Growth of Substation Capacity (MVA)
6th Plan
7th Plan
8th Plan
9th Plan
10th Plan
11th Plan(As on Mar-2012)
Central
3,500
6,500
9,500
State
1,700
1,700
1,700
JV/Private
Total
5,200
8,200
11,200
Central
24,000
State
Total
25,000
Central
715
6,760
17,340
23,575
40,455
77,225
State
8,615
14,820
23,525
36,805
52,487
73,172
JV/Private
630
Total
9,330
21,580
40,865
60,380
92,942
151,027
Central
500
1,881
2,566
1,866
4,276
6,436
State
36,791
51,861
81,611
113,497
152,221
215,771
JV/Private
1,567
Total
37,291
53,742
84,177
116,363
156,497
223,774
Progressive Growth
46,621
75,322
125,042
181,943
257,639
Total# 411,001
At the end of
500 kV HVDC
765 kV
1,000
400 kV
220 kV
Source: CEA
During last six FYP, country has added the substation capacity at a CAGR of 54%. Total capacity
up to 11th plan has been 60% more over the cumulative capacity up to 10th Plan.
Figure 4: Trend in Substation Capacity Growth
During the 10th Plan, capacity addition was of 75,696 MVA while in 11th Plan it reached the
record level of 153,362 MVA. It is almost two times of the capacity added during 10th Plan.
Transmission substations at the voltage level of 400 kV and 220 kV have grown at CAGR of
74% & 43% respectively.
Figure 5: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Substation Capacity
Over a span of five years, involvement of private players in T&D sector has changed from
nascent stage to mature level. In the IPTC & JV route collectively INR 20,000 has been invested
so far. Eight Inter-state transmission projects have been awarded through competitive bidding in
the past few years. On the state level several STUs have awarded projects to private players to
develop Intra-state transmission network.
In the manufacturing/manufacturing cum EPC segment there are more than fifty players in the
market. Further this segment is very broad due to presence of several small, medium & large
manufacturing companies and several medium & large EPC companies in the field. This segment
consists of Indian as well as foreign players and has witnessed a large growth in terms of number
of players and manufacturing capacity.
3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector

During the 11th Plan, emphasis was on creation of capacity in Sub-transmission & Distribution
system to strengthen the Distribution sector. Emphasis has been given to Metering, Consumer
Indexing, adoption of IT facilities, GIS mapping, modern payment system, HVDS, Rural
franchise etc.
Access to Power for Population of India

As per Census 2001, 80% of the total inhabited villages were electrified and 44% of the rural
households had access to electricity. As on 31st July 2011, total of 96% of the villages of the
country have access to electricity.
Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses
Source: CEA
Figure 6: AT&C Loss: Past Performance and Future Expectations
Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (APDRP) was launched in 2002-03 as
an Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to finance the modernization of sub-transmission &
distribution networks with the main objectives to reduce AT&C losses to 15%. AT&C loss at
national level has been reduced from 38.86% in 2001-02 to 27.15% during 2009-10. While some
states have shown an improvement in AT&C Loss reduction, it is pertinent to note that the
absolute loss levels are still at a higher level with respect to losses and require further efforts for
loss reduction.
Revenue Loss (ARR and ACS Gap)

As per the PFC report on Performance of State Power Utilities for the year 2009-10 the cash
losses (revenue and subsidy realized basis) of utilities selling power directly to consumers
increased from INR 17,620 Crore in the FY 2007-08 to INR 42,415 Crore in the FY 2009-10.
The cumulative book losses (accrual basis) of the state utilities have increased from INR 79,339
Crore as on 31.03.2009 to INR 106,247 Crore at the end of year 2009-10. Gap between Average
Cost of Supply (ACS) and Average Revenue Realized (ARR) is widening and has increased to
INR 0.73 per unit in 2009-10 from Rs.0.37 per unit in 2007-08 on subsidy realized basis. While
some states have shown improvement in the financial health, others are yet to demonstrate the
impact of the policy initiatives. In order to restore the commercial viability of the distribution
companies it is necessary to eliminate the gap between (ARR) and (ACS).
Mounting of Debt on Utilities

The total borrowings of state DISCOMs have touched INR 177,602 Crore as on 31.03.2010 and
total interest charged from state utilities in year 2009-10 is INR 15,651 Crore. RBI has taken
cognizance of the difficult financial situations of DISCOMs and their attempts to bridge cash
losses by short term borrowings. In order to bridge the gap between revenue and expenditure and
to service interest on borrowing states resort to short-term borrowing and even divert long-term
loans to bridge cash losses. Conversion of existing Government loans to DISCOMs into
Government equity will help cash flow of DISCOMs because now subsidy payable by State
Government is adjusted against interest on loan.
3.2.6 Technological Development

In order to utilize the resources optimally, transmission and distribution network planning has
been moved away from the earlier generation evacuation system planning to integral system
planning. T&D network planning is a continuous process of identification of system addition
requirements, their timing and need. The transmission requirements could arise from
New generation additions in the system

Increase in demand
General system strengthening
These transmission addition requirements are identified, studied and firmed through the
transmission planning process. While the predominant technology for electricity transmission
and distribution has been Alternating Current (AC) technology, High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) technology has also been used for interconnection of all regional grids across the
country and for bulk transmission of power over long distances.
On the distribution end, system automation, implementation of SCADA, GIS, Asset
Management and High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) has attracted the industry. This is an
effort to minimize system losses and energy pilferage which is degrading the financial health of
distribution utilities at a very fast pace. The reforms in distribution sector could arise from
Increase in demand and new connections

High system losses
Replacement of old system
Lack of new technology in distribution system
Lack of commercial principles
In order to meet the increasing power demand and address right-of-way (RoW) issue, higher
voltage technology is being adopted for developing transmission infrastructure. PGCIL has tried
to be an early adopter of new technologies and is moving towards higher voltage transmission
systems. It is currently focused on introducing 1,200 kV A/C voltage in the country. In May
2012, PGCIL in collaboration with 35 local and global manufacturers established 1,200 kV ultra
high voltages A/C test station at Bina (Madhya Pradesh) for the development of 1,200kV
equipment at large scale. In HVDC segment, it is implementing worlds longest 800 kV, 6,000
MW Bi-pole multi terminal link of 2,000 km. It will connect Biswanath Chariyali in the northeastern region which is rich in hydro resources; to the Agra in northern region which is a power
deficit region.
Extensive use of Gas Insulated Switchgear substations, SCADA, Compact Tower Design, Phasor
Measurement Units, and Wide Area Measurement System etc is being done.
In the distribution segment, implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
(SCADA), Geographical Information System (GIS), Automatic Meter Reading (AMR), Smart
Metering, High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS), Prepaid Metering, 24*7 Customer Care,
DT Metering etc. are under progress.
3.3 Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan
Figure 7: Infrastructure Addition in 11th Plan
3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan
Source: CEA
Identification of transmission expansion requirement for a plan period is done based on power
system studies corresponding to the generation capacity addition program and forecasted demand
scenario expected at the end of that plan. Transmission alternatives are identified after the
detailed studies based on which the specific schemes are evolved, and re-evolved taking into
account the changes in the generation program from time to time and subsequently discussed and
firmed up.
Figure 8: Structure of T&D Network Planning
Sub-transmission System
132 kV and 66 kV
Distribution System
33 kV, 11 kV & below
Transmission System
Power system above 220 kV
New connections
Increase in demand
Intra-state transmission ability
Implementation of new technology
Evacuation from new power plants

Increase in demand
Inter-state transmission ability
Transmission & Distribution Capacity Expansion Planning

Transmission System Planning
Distribution System Planning
The implementation program is subsequently worked out keeping in view identification of
projects, schemes and transmission elements that should be implemented matching with program
of generation capacity addition and load growth on yearly basis during the plan.
The 11th Plan fund requirement for the power sector was INR 1,031,600 Crore. The All India
Expenditure in power sector for 11th Plan has been about INR 707,278 Crore. For 12th Plan,
Planning Commission has envisaged an ambitious investment of INR 1,124,600 Crore. This is
9% more than earlier envisaged amount and 59% higher than actual expenditure during 11th Plan.
Table 5: 12th Plan: Investment Layout in Power Sector
Physical Plan
Investment (INR) Crore
Generation
75,785 MW
638,600
Transmission
109,440 Ckm; 283,000 MVA
180,000
Distribution
System Automation, RAPDRP, RGGVY
306,000
Total
1,124,600
Source: Planning Commission
Figure 9: Sourcing of Financial Investment
The total fund requirement for development of T&D system is estimated to be of the order of
INR 180,000 Crore (INR 100,000 Crore in Central Sector, INR 55,000 Crore in State Sector and
INR 25,000 Crore in Private Sector).
In the Central Sector, there is no problem of capital resources for setting up transmission
facilities. However, in the State Sector some of the STUs require financial support, especially for
building transmission system for renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and small hydro.
It is proposed that viability gap funding may be provided on case to case basis for building intraState transmission system for renewable generation and conventional hydro stations.
The increase in the transmission lines of 220 kV and above voltage levels, in terms of circuit km,
have been around five times in last 26 years and that for substation capacity more than seven
times in the same period. There has been more increase in the transmission system at higher
voltage levels and substation capacities. This aspect of growth in transmission highlights
requirements of transmission network to carry bulk power over longer distances and at the same
time optimize right of way, minimize losses and improve grid reliability.
3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines

During 11th Plan, various 765 kV lines and substations have been added and a more are under
construction. The trend of increasing 765 kV systems in the grid is going to continue in the
12th Plan also. A number of new 765 kV lines and substations have been planned for evacuation
of bulk power in the range of 3,000 - 6,000 MW to longer distances. Their actual realization
would depend upon progress of associated generation projects. The planned 765 kV transmission
systems are expected to be implemented during 12th Plan or early 13th Plan period. Most of the
planned 765 kV systems are initially being operated at 400 kV. Their 765 kV operation depends
upon associated generation projects, which could be in 12th Plan or beyond.
Table 6: Planned addition of Transmission Lines (Ckm) in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
HVDC Bi-pole
765 kV
400 kV
220 kV
Total Ckm
9,440
27,000
38,000
35,000
109,440
Source: Ministry of Power
During 12th Plan period, a total of about 109,440 ckm of transmission lines have been planned for
addition. In this, 400 kV lines will dominate over other voltage levels but simultaneously there is
a decrement of 21% contribution than in 11th Plan.
Figure 10: Transmission Line Length (Ckm): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
765 kV lines are going to take place of 400 kV lines as there is direct increment of 20% in their
contribution during 12th Plan. Over a period of last three FYP it will achieve a CAGR of 413%
which shows the countrys rapid adoption of higher voltage technology in order to facilitate large
amount of power transmission lines and reducing the need of Right of Way requirement.
PGCIL is constructing 11 High Capacity Transmission Corridors (HCTC) to evacuate 80 GW of
generation capacity consisting six UMPPs of 28,000 MW and 55,000 MW for IPPs in coal rich
eastern region and coastal areas. The high capacity corridors entail the construction of 23,000
ckm. 70% of total ckm will be in 765 kV level while 30% in 400 kV level. These ambitious
corridors require estimated fund of INR 58,000 Crore. These projects are scheduled to be
commissioned over next five to seven year of time.
3.3.3 Addition of Substations
During the 12th Plan 270,000 MVA of AC transformation capacity and 13,000 MW of HVDC
substations are planned to be added.
Figure 11: Substation Capacity (MVA): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
Contribution of 765 kV substations will achieve robust growth. Just within next five years its
contribution will increase from mere 16% to highest level of 53%. 400 kV substations will see
steep downfall from 38% to only 16%. As the development of substation is to be kept in pace
with corresponding voltage level of transmission lines therefore 765 kV will dominate here too.
Table 7: Planned Addition of Substation Capacity in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
HVDC
765 kV
400 kV
220 kV
Total MVA
13,000
14,9000
45,000
76,000
283,000
Source: Ministry of Power
Timely development of transmission network requires firming up of the specific transmission

schemes corresponding to specific generation projects, which particularly in respect of inter-state
transmission system, need to be done 3 to 5 years ahead of the target date of completion. There
has been a consistent increase in the transmission network and transformation capacity of the
country. This increase is in consonance with increase in generation and demand of electricity in
the country. 11 HCTC under construction require 29 EHV substations aggregating over 60,000
MVA and four HVDC terminals totaling 7,000 MW Capacity.
3.3.4 Development of National Grid: Inter-State Transmission Capacity

Generation planning studies carried out by CEA had indicated that the capacity addition planned
on all-India basis is less than that planned on regional basis. Further, a strong all-India integrated
national grid enables harnessing of unevenly distributed generation resources in the country.
Recognizing the need for development of National grid, thrust was given to enhance the capacity
of inter-regional links in a phased manner.
Figure 12: Cumulative Growth of Inter-State Transmission Capacity (MW)
Source: CEA
Total Inter-regional transmission capacity by the end of 9th Plan was 5,750 MW. During 10th Plan
i.e. 2002-07, a total of 8,300 MW of capacity was added. At the end of 10th Plan capacity reached
at 14,050 MW which has crossed the level of 28,000 MW by the end of 11th Plan. Addition of
37,800 MW in 12th Plan has been envisaged to make cumulative capacity to the mark of 65,800
MW.
It is expected that, at the end of 12th Plan, each region in the country would be connected to an
adjacent region(s) through at least two high capacity synchronous 400 kV or 765 kV lines and a
HVDC Bi-pole/back-to-back link. This would make the National Grid a large, meshed
synchronous transmission grid where all the regional and State grids in them would be
electrically connected and operating at single frequency.
3.3.5 Growth of Distribution Business
Source: CEA
Figure 13: Growth of T&D Lines below 66 kV
Distribution sector has been remaining the underperformer since late 70s. Various reasons
as described earlier did not let the distribution business run on commercial principles. Now
the discoms are in the dire need of financial bail out package but it doesnt seem the long
term solution for sustainable development and survival. In the 12th Plan period, certain goals
have been set to achieve.
Capacity Addition and Investment

Planning Commission has envisaged the investment of INR 306,235 Crore in distribution sector.
This investment can majorly be further divided in to following category of equipments and
activities.
New Lines: In the 12th Plan, 1,305,000 ckm of new lines are required to be added. In this, share
of LV lines will be 47%, while 11 kV lines and 33 kV will be 43% and 10% respectively. This
will require a sum of INR 92,730 Crore.
New Substations: In the 12th Plan, 4,400 new distribution substations of 33 kV/11 kV voltage
level are to be added. In these substations, 8,800 new power transformers are required to be put
in the service which will comprise transformation capacity of 88,000 MVA. The activity will
require a sum of INR 22,000 Crore.
Table 8: Distribution Sector: Network Enhancement in 12th Plan
Sr. No. Name of Segment
Units
Physical
Financial (INR Crore)
2012-17
2012-17
New Lines
(i)
33 kV O/H Line
Ckm
121,500
9,720
33 kV U/G Cable
Ckm
13,500
4,050
Total 33 kV line
Ckm
135,000
11 kV O/H Line
Ckm
448,000
(ii)
22,400
11 kV U/G Cable
Ckm
112,000
Total 11 kV Line
Ckm
560,000
LV O/H
Ckm
488,000
24,400
LV ABC
Ckm
122,000
9,760
Total LV
Ckm
610,000
33/11 kV (2*10 MVA)
Nos.
4,400
No. of 10 MVA Transformers
Nos.
8,800
Transformation Capacity
MVA
88,000
Installation of DT's Including all Accessories
MVA
105,000
1000 KVA
Nos.
10,500
1,260
630 KVA
Nos.
33,500
3,350
315 KVA
Nos.
67,000
4,020
200 KVA
Nos.
105,000
5,250
100 KVA
Nos.
210,000
8,400
25 KVA
Nos.
424,000
8,480
Total No. of DT's
Nos.
850,000
33/11 kV
MVA
50,000
10,000
11/0.4 kV
MVA
50,000
10,000
Capacitors
MVAR
16,000
1,280
VI
Service Connections
50,000,000
25,000
VII
Re-Conductoring of Lines
(iii)
II
III
IV
22,400
Installation of New S/S

22,000
Augmentation of S/S
(i) 33 kV
Ckm
100,000
3,000
(ii) 11 kV
Ckm
500,000
10,000
(iii) LV
Ckm
1,000,000
20,000
Sub Total
224,770
Productive Load Scheme
61,940
Smart Grid
9,500
IT facilities & SCADA including HRD
10,000
R&D
25
Total
306,235
Distribution Transformers: Distribution transformers comprising transformation capacity of

105,000 MVA are to be be added in the 12th Plan. Total number of required transformer will be
850,000 in which DTs of 25 kVA will have largest chunk of 424,000 nos. This is because of
greater focus on rural electrification in which DTs of small capacity are required in large number.
It will require an investment of INR 30,760 Crore.
System Augmentation: Capacity enhancement of existing substations, replacement of old
components and equipment revamping will need an investment of INR 79,280 Crore. It will
comprise substations transformation capacity enhancement, installation of capacitors, expenses
due to new service connections, re-conductoring of distribution line etc.
IT Implementation: With increased focus on IT implementation in distribution system, a sum of
INR 81,465 Crore has been planned for investment. This is to enhance the operational and
commercial performance of the distribution utilities.
Reduction of AT&C Losses

It has been the most focused activity for last ten years in the Indian power distribution industry.
Still, expected results have not been received in last ten years. For the next five years, Planning
Commission is very optimistic in terms of AT&C loss reduction from a current level to 18% by
the end of FY 2014-15.
Table 9: AT&C Losses: Projected Performance
Region
State
2009-10
10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
Input Energy (MU)
AT&C Loss (%)
Bihar
9,281
43.92
40.92 37.92 34.92 31.92 28.92
Jharkhand
8,396
10.43
8.93
CESCO
6,232
39.99
36.99 33.99 30.99 27.99 26.49
NESCO
4,705
36.68
33.68 30.68 27.68 26.18 24.58
SESCO
2,286
51.01
48.01 45.01 42.01 39.01 36.01
WESCO
6,301
37.58
34.58 31.58 28.58 27.08 25.58
Sikkim
512
51.37
48.37 45.37 42.37 39.37 36.37
WB
25,427
33.24
30.24 27.24 25.74 24.24 22.74
AP
670
52.99
49.99 46.99 43.99 40.99 37.99
Assam
4,392
29.03
27.53 26.03 24.53 23.03 21.53
Manipur
454
48.02
45.02 42.02 39.02 36.02 33.02
Meghalaya
1,342
48.73
45.73 42.73 39.73 36.73 33.73
Mizoram
320
39.06
36.06 33.06 30.06 28.56 27.06
Nagaland
385
45.97
42.97 39.97 36.97 33.97 30.97
Tripura
672
29.17
27.67 24.67 21.67 18.67 15.67
7.43
5.93
4.43
2.93
Orissa
Eastern
North East
Delhi
BRPL
9,667
19.83
18.33 16.83 15.33 13.83 12.33
BYPL
5,645
28.63
27.13 25.63 24.13 22.63 21.13
NDPL
6,910
15.69
14.19 12.69 11.19 9.69
8.19
DHBVNL
15,884
28.1
26.6
20.6
UHBVNL
15,211
29.91
28.41 26.91 25.41 23.91 22.41
HP
6,806
18.47
16.97 15.47 13.97 12.47 10.97
J&K
9,813
70.45
67.45 64.45 61.45 58.45 55.45
Punjab
38,806
17.73
16.23 14.73 13.23 11.73
AVVNL
12,345
33.04
30.04 27.04 22.04 21.04 18.04
JDVVNL
12,820
31.51
28.51 25.51 22.51 19.51 16.51
JVVNL
16,286
26.69
25.19 23.69 22.19 20.69 19.19
DVVNL
13,143
49.62
46.62 43.62 40.62 37.62 34.62
MVVNL
9,653
28.72
27.22 25.72 24.22 22.72 21.22
PaVVNL
17,766
27.92
26.42 24.92 23.42 21.92 20.42
PoVVNL
12,783
54.46
51.46 48.46 45.46 42.46 39.46
KESCO
2,722
37.36
34.36 31.36 28.36 26.86 25.36
Uttaranchal
8,280
33.53
30.53 27.53 24.53 21.53 18.53
APCPDCL
31,933
17.93
16.43 14.93 13.43 11.93
10.43
APEPDCL
10,814
9.69
8.19
2.19
APNPDCL
10,464
18.52
17.02 15.52 14.02 12.52 11.02
APSPDCL
15,300
16.63
15.13 13.63 12.13 10.63 9.13
BESCOM
20,317
21.1
19.6
GESCOM
5,764
38.05
35.05 32.05 29.05 27.55 26.05
HESCOM
7,402
28.51
27.01 25.51 24.01 22.51 21.01
MESCOM
3,274
18.39
16.89 15.39 13.89 12.39 10.89
CHESCOM
4,245
28.22
26.72 25.22 23.72 22.22 20.72
Kerala
16,129
14.89
13.39 11.89 10.39 8.89
Pondicherry
2,527
19.35
17.85 16.35 14.85 13.35 11.85
Tamil Nadu
66,974
20.15
18.65 17.15 15.65 14.15 12.65
Chhattisgarh
18,476
37.98
34.98 31.98 28.98 27.48 25.98
Goa
2,962
7.77
6.27
1.77
0.27
10,565
15.23
13.73 12.23 10.73 9.23
7.73
Haryana
Northern
25.1
23.6
22.1
10.23
Rajasthan
UP
AP
6.69
5.19
3.69
Karnataka
Southern
Western
18.1
4.77
16.6
3027
15.1
13.6
7.39
Gujarat
DGVCL
MGVCL
6,727
15.27
13.77 12.27 10.77 9.27
7.77
PGVCL
19,858
32.34
30.84 29.34 27.84 26.34 24.84
UGVCL
14,891
18.89
17.39 15.89 14.39 12.89 11.39
MPMKVVCL
10,563
42.26
39.26 36.26 33.26 30.26 27.26
MPPKVVCL
12,705
36.16
33.16 30.16 28.66 27.16 25.66
MPPUKVVCL
9,632
46.11
43.11 40.11 37.11 34.11 31.11
MSEDCL
80,526
25.02
23.52 22.02 20.52 19.02 17.52
Grand Total
667,963
27.15
25.23 23.31 21.48 19.73 17.99
MP
Maharashtra
CHAPTER 4
INDIAN ELECTRICAL T&D EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY
4.1 Industry Scenario
Transmission and Distribution sector encompasses more than hundred major, medium and small
equipments and components. From application point of view it can divide broadly in two
sections. Indian T&D equipment industry consist of variety of products. Today the industrys size
is estimated at INR 64,072 Crore.
Table 10: Transmission & Distribution Equipments
Transmission Line Components
Substation Components
Conductors
Circuit Breaker
Transmission Towers
Isolator
Insulators
Current Transformer
Wave Trap
Potential Transformer
Auto Re-Closer
Lighting Arrester
Vibration Damper
Bus Bar
Corona Rings
Control Panels
Other Accessories
Relays
Capacitor Bank
10
Battery Bank
11
Metering Instruments
Figure 14: Growth of (All) T&D Equipments Industry in India
Source: IEEMA
Figure 15: Growth of Major T&D Equipments in India
The T&D equipment market has registered a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.7%,
from INR 7,400 Crore in 2000-2001 to INR 64,072 Crore in 2011-12. This growth has been
driven by increased generation capacity addition and subsequent need to augment the T&D
network.
Source: IEEMA
Growth rate of the Indian electrical equipment industry has decelerated to 6.6% in 2011-12 as
compared to 11.3% and 13.7% in 2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively. Imports of electrical
equipment have grown in the past five years at a CAGR of 28.28%. Current export-import trends
based on 27 major ports trade data indicates that imports continue to rise for 765 kV transformers
& reactors (mostly through power project imports), insulators, LV switchgear and HV cables.
Total Imports of 765 kV transformers & reactors in 2011-12 were INR 1,229 Crores; in the last
quarter (Q4) 2011-12, imports sharply increased by 125% (INR 687 Crores) over the combined
total of the first three quarters (INR 542 Crores).
4.2 Cable & Conductor
Figure 16: Cable
4.2.1 Cable
Cables are used when underground transmission or distribution is required. These cables are laid
in ducts or may be buried in the ground. Unlike in overhead lines, air does not form part of the
insulation, and the conductor must be completely insulated. Thus cables are much more costly
than overhead lines. Cable consists of core that is made of copper. For insulation purpose,
different type of material & medium are used. It depends upon the level of voltage to
transmitting power.
4.2.2 Types of Cable

High voltage cables are generally single cored, and hence have their separate insulation and
mechanical protection by sheaths. In the older paper insulated cables, the sheath was of extruded
lead.
Paper Insulated Power Cables

The insulation consists mainly of paper tape impregnated with compound. The paper must be
free from ligneous fibers and from metallic or other conducting spots. The compound with
which the paper is insulated should be of such a consistency that it is plastic at ordinary
temperatures, and has no tendency to drain away from the cable.
The impregnating compound varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but they all are based on
paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil, with resin frequently added to lower the viscosity and to
improve its impregnating qualities. The paper is made from Manila fiber or wood pulp.
Three-Core Belted Type Cables

In the case of a 3-core cable, the 3-cores are individually insulated with paper insulation. The
filler space between the core insulation is also filled up with insulation, but depriving these of
Figure 17: Cross Sectional View of Three Core Belted Cable
voids is much more difficult. Belt insulation is used on top of all three core insulations, and
the lead sheath is extruded over this. Over the lead sheath, there is generally bitumen to
prevent damage.
Pressurized High Voltage Cables

Oil Pressure Cables
Gas Pressure Cables
These are used for extra high voltage transmission.
Figure 18: Aluminum Conductor
4.2.3 Conductor
A conductor is a material that facilitates the flow of electricity (or electric current) through a
transmission line. Different types of conductor are used in transmission lines. They vary in
number and size, depending on the type of circuit and the transmission voltage. Steel,
Aluminium and copper are the most common conducting materials used in transmission lines.
4.2.4 Types of Conductor

Broadly two types of conductors ACSR (Aluminium Core Steel Reinforced) and ACAR
(Aluminium Core, Alloy Reinforced) are used.
Figure 19: ACSR Conductor
Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced (ACSR)

In an ACSR conductor, a stranded steel core carries the mechanical load, and layers of stranded
aluminium surrounding the core carry the current. ACSR conductors are usually used for highvoltage transmission lines. Steel strands forms central core which is surrounded by two layers of
aluminum strands. For a given resistance conductors of different strengths can be made by taking
different properties of steel and aluminum areas. The steel core does not contribute to conduction
of current practically. The current carrying capacity and resistance of this conductor is dependent
on conductivity of aluminum.
Aluminum Core, Alloy Reinforced (ACAR)

An ACAR conductor is a stranded cable made of an aluminium alloy with low resistance and
high mechanical strength. The central core is made up from aluminum alloy which is surrounded
by layers of aluminum conductors. The conductivity is better and strength to weight ratio is equal
to ACSR conductor having same diameter. As compared to ACSR conductor, ACSR conductor is
smaller in size and lower in weight for the same electrical capacity. ACAR conductors are used
for sub transmission and distribution lines.

Table 11: Sterlite Technologies Limited
Year of Establishment 2006-2007
Manufacturing
EPC
Transmission Tower Manufacturing
Commissioning and Testing of Transmission Lines & Substation
Power Conductor and Cable Manufacturing
Mfg Unit: 4
(2010-2011 and 200910)
INR 2,317 Crore and INR 2,432 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Across 70 countries such as: China, Denmark, India, Netherlands, Russia, South
Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA
Various SEBs across India
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele

Certification
Private companies in Power T&D field
ISO 9001-2000, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, NABL
Table 12: JSK Industries Pvt. Limited

Year of Establishment 1965
Nature of Business
Manufacturing
Products/Services
Power Conductors
Leading
Product/Service
Aluminum Conductor
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 2
(2010-2011 and 200910)
INR 763 Crore and INR 498 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Dubai
Various SEBs such as: MPPTCL, GETCO, LPTCL, MAHATRANSCO, TNEB
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL
Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, Torrent Power, Suzlon Energy, EMI
Transmission, Essar Power
ISO 9001-2008

Year of Establishment
1970
Manufacturing
EPC
Transformer Manufacturing
LV Cable: 34,300 kmpa
HV Cable: 5,800 kmpa
EHV Cable: 2,000 kmpa
Tower Manufacturing: 48,000 tpa
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Production Capacity
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Global Footprints
New-Zealand, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Israel
Various SEBs of states such as: Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka,
MP, Maharashtra, Punjab, UP, West Bengal
PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL, BHEL, NTPC, PGCIL, SAIL
Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, EMCO, CGL, Enercon, Suzlon Energy,
Kalpataru Power Transmission, Jindal, Essar Power
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001-2008, ERDA, CPRI, BIS, BSI, DIN, IEC, ASTM
Table 14: Deepak Cables (India) Limited

Nature of Business
1982
Manufacturing
EPC
Turnkey Projects
Erection, Commissioning and Testing of Transmission Lines & Substation
Products/Services
Leading Product/Service
Infrastructure
Mfg Unit: 2
Aluminum Conductor: 36,000 tpa
Aluminum Wire Rods: 18,000 tpa
Indigenous
Central utilities
Production Capacity
Technology Sourcing
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001-2000

Nature of Business
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
Power Cable
Infrastructure Development (Railways, Oil & Gas, Construction)
Products/Services
Power Cable
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 6 (India) + 2 (Abroad)
Production Capacity
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Across 40 countries spread over Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, North America;
Manufacturing in Brazil and Mexico
Government utilities such as: WBSEDCL, MSEDCL, PGCIL, NHPC,

MAHATRANSCO, J&K Power Development
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001:2000, CPRI, ISO, BIS

Sr
No
2010-2011 (Figures in Crore)

Company Name
ATO
(V)
Op Ex
(W)
Raw Mat. Cost

(X)
EBIDTA
(Y)
PAT (Z)
INR
INR
INR
X/W
INR Y/V
IN
R
Z/
V
Sterlite Technologies Limited
2,317
1,995
1,585
79%
320
14% 185 8%
JSK Industries Pvt. Limited
763
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited

(Conductor)
1,285
1,149
1,098
95%
159
12% 98
KEC International
4,057
3,593
2,172
60%
463
11% 275 7%
NA NA
8%

Table 17: Performance of Cable & Transmission Line Industry
Name of the Equipment
Weight (%) Industry Size (INR Crore) YoY % Change

2010-11
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Cables
25.8
15,510
4.4
12.1
16.9
25.7
PVC Power Cables
17.9
9,710
14.3
14.5
17.4
Control & Special Purpose Cables
7.9
4,300
-26.6
2.4
34.3
44.5
Transmission Lines
23.4
14,070
13.5
9.2
-0.8
Transmission Line Towers
12.6
6,600
6.5
19
6.8
-5.2
Conductors
10.8
5,670
21.3
0.2
-0.8
4.3
Source: IEEMA
The Indian cable industry is highly fragmented with hundreds of cable manufacturing
companies; a larger total than can be found in any other country in the world except China. Many
of these Indian companies are small-scale cable producers. The 6.6% growth seen in the overall
electrical equipment industry during FY12 was largely driven by remarkable performance of the
cables industry. It grew by 25.7% in FY12, which came over and above the 16.9% rise in FY11.
In fact, growth in the cables industry has been steadily inching up from 4.4% in FY09. The
cables industry has grown appreciably in size. In FY11, the cables industry was estimated to be
worth INR 15,510 Crore. With changing specifications, kilometers are not the sole barometer to
judge the growth of the industry. Though there seems a slight volume growth in the industry, the
same is mandate due to increase in commodity prices. The weight age of cable industry is about
25.8% of the overall electrical industry. The growth of HV & EHV cable industry was mainly
due to acceleration in implementation to the ongoing and new projects in the pipeline. In year
2010-2011, the total production of LV, PVC & XLPE power cables was about 2.65 lakh km both
in organized & unorganized sector, amounting to an increase over previous year by 12.7%. While
PVC & XLPE power cables (3.3 kV- 33 kV), the production was about 24,200 km which is an
increase over the previous year by 6.6%.
Growth Drivers
12th Five Year Plan
New Transmission Lines: 109,440 Ckm
New Distribution : 1,305,000 Ckm
Re-Conductoring of Distribution Lines: 1,600,000 Ckm
Replacement of Old Transmission Lines
RGGVY scheme
System strengthening under R-APDRP Projects
Market Competitors
o JSK Industries Pvt. Limited
o Finolex Cables
o Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited
o Cable Corporation of India
o Birla Group
o Havells India
o Nicco Corp.
o KEC International (RPG Group)

o Khetan Group of Industries
o KEI Wires & Cables
o Paramount Cables
o Sterlite Technologies Limited
Prospective Clients
Central Transmission Utility
State Transmission Utilities
Existing & forthcoming private distribution companies
EPC companies
Major industries e.g. Petrochemicals, Mining, Steel/Metallurgical, Ship
building, Engineering, Cement, Railway, Defense
Entry Opportunity
o Very few dominant players
o Unorganized sector
Various local & regional manufacturers
Business Risk
Fluctuating raw material prices
Pricing issue specially with Govt. clients
Industry is highly dependent and driven by growth in power sector

About 1000 km of Power cables above 33 kV was produced in this fiscal an increase of about
33%. The estimated industry size in 2010-11 for power cables is INR 9710 Crore, an increase of
25% over the previous year 2009-2010.
Figure 20: Cable Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
Cable industry has emerged as most consistent and fastest growing market in last five years.
This trend is expected to continue in future also. One of the best positive aspects with the cable
industry is that all three verticals of power sector i.e. generation, transmission and distribution
are the demand drivers for cable industry.
Source: IEEMA
Figure 21: Conductor Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
In the 11th Plan cable industry has grown at a CAGR of 14.5%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has
envisaged this market size of INR 37,000 Crore.
Source: IEEMA
While being optimistic, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 38,394 Crore.
Conductor industry has not witnessed a good growth rate over last five years. CAGR in 11th Plan
has been 5.9% with fluctuating performance.
Figure 22: Cable & Conductor: Export Trend
Major users of power cables are broadly classified into:
Power sector: Central, State and Private electricity utilities
Source: Ministry of Commerce
Major industries like: Petrochemicals, Mining, Steel/Metallurgical, Ship building, Engineering,

Cement, Railway, Defense etc.
Many overseas cable companies are looking at Indian market as the upcoming market for HV &
EHV cables. Considering the strong domestic demand for cables in the power sector, overseas
cable manufacturing giants have entered into market through joint ventures with Indian cable
manufacturers for manufacturing EHV cables and special types of cables.
Major imports of HV/EHV cables are from Thailand, China, Germany, Switzerland and Korea
whereas export destinations are UK, UAE, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Oman.
4.3 Transmission Tower

The electric power system can be divided into transmission, sub-transmission, and distribution
systems. With operating voltages less than 33 kV, the distribution system carries energy from the
local substation to individual households, using both overhead and underground lines.
Table 19: Voltage Segmentation of Power System
Generation
11kV, 15.5kV, 22kV etc.
Transmission
Transmission Lines
HVAC: 765kV, 400kV, 220kV; HVDC: 500kV, 800 kV
Sub-Transmission lines
132kV, 110kV, 66kV
Distribution
33kV, 22kV, 11kV, 6.6kV, 440 Volts, 220Volts
Figure 23: Transmission Tower
With operating voltages of 66 kV, 132 kV and up to 220 kV the sub-transmission system
distributes energy within an entire district and regularly uses overhead lines. With operating
voltage exceeding 220 kV, the transmission system interconnects generating stations and large
substations located close to load centers by using overhead lines.
4.3.1 Types of Transmission Tower

Overhead transmission lines distribute the majority of the electric energy in the system. A typical
HVAC line has three phase conductors to carry the current and transport the energy, and two
grounded shield conductors to protect the line from direct lightning strikes. The usually bare
conductors are insulated from the supporting towers by insulators attached to grounded towers or
poles. Lower-voltage lines use post insulators, while the high-voltage lines are built with
insulator chains or long-rod composite insulators. The normal distance between the supporting
towers is a few hundred feet. Transmission lines are subject to environmental adversities,
including wide variations of temperature, high winds, and ice and snow deposits. Typically
designed to withstand environmental stresses occurring once every 50100 years, lines are
intended to operate safely in adverse conditions.
A distinction is made between the anchor towers and the intermediate towers of a power
transmission line. The rigid and strong construction of the anchoring towers is intended to
withstand considerable stresses caused by tension in the lines. Anchor towers are installed at the
beginning and end of a power transmission line, at turns, and at points where the line passes over
water or through mountains. Intermediate towers are not as strongly constructed, serving mainly
to support the power lines and cables along straight sections.
Figure 24: Waist Type Tower

The transmission towers are usually made from steel and galvanized steels.
Aluminum is also used as construction material for transmission lines.
Type of the transmission towers used in a circuit depends mainly on following factors.
Working voltage level

Amount of power
o Wind speed profile in the zone
o Physical environment
o Availability of RoW (Right of Way)
Waist Type Tower

This is the most common type of transmission tower. It's used for voltages ranging from
110 to 735 kV. Because they're easily assembled, these towers are suitable for power
lines that cross very uneven terrain. But this type of tower requires large RoW for single
circuit.
Figure 25: Double Circuit Tower
Double Circuit Tower

Both tubular and lattice steel towers can be designed so as to support either one or two
circuits of electrical current. Double-circuit towers hold the different conductors stacked
atop one another, while in single-circuit towers the conductors are lined up horizontally.
This small-footprint tower is used for voltages ranging from 110 to 315 kV. Its height
ranges from 25 to 60 meters.
Steel Tubular Pole
Figure 26: Steel Tubular Pole
Featuring a streamlined, aesthetic shape, this structure is less massive than other
towers, allowing it to blend easily into the environment. Therefore, it's being used more
and more in urban centre. Measuring between 27 and 45 meters in height, it's suitable
for voltages ranging from 110 to 315 kV.
Figure 27: Guyed-V Tower
Guyed-V Tower
This tower is designed for voltages ranging from 230 to 735 kV. It is more economical
than the double-circuit and waist-type towers. These towers have also been
used by the transmission companies in cases where more space is
available. These are simple, easy and cheaper to install. The guyed
towers also require less time for installation. The main disadvantage is
that these towers require more space due to presence of guy wires.

Table 20: Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited
Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Tower Manufacturing
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 2
Production Capacity
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
Across 31 countries such as: Ethiopia, Algeria, Vietnam, UAE, South Africa,
Nigeria, Kenya, Kuwait, Philippines, Syria, Mexico, Thailand, Abu Dhabi, USA,
Canada, Peru
o
ISO 9001-14001
Table 21: IVRCL

PGCIL, GETCO, Essar Power, MSETCL, TNEB, WBSEB, ADANI Power
Manufacturing
Tower Manufacturing
Tower Manufacturing
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1
Production Capacity
Across 45 countries world wide
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Global Footprints
Government utilities such as: BHEL, NTPC, ONGC, NPCIL, BPCL, IOCL,
PGCIL, AAI, Indian Railways, Ministry of Defense, Konkan Railway, MSETCL,
HVPNL
Private companies such as: BITS, DLF, Telco Construction Equipment

Company Ltd, Tata Projects Ltd, JSPL, Tata Docomo, Tata Cummins
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001:2000, IS

Manufacturing
EPC
Services
Power Cable
Tower Manufacturing
Tower Manufacturing
Power Cable
Infrastructure
Production Capacity
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Global Footprints
o
o
o
Indian Clientele
o
Certification
Across 40 countries spread over Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, North
America;
Manufacturing in Brazil and Mexico
Government utilities such as: WBSEDCL, MSEDCL, PGCIL, NHPC,

MAHATRANSCO, J&K Power Development
Various private companies
ISO 9001:2000, CPRI, ISO, BIS

1970
Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Transformer Manufacturing
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
LV Cable: 34,300 kmpa
HV Cable: 5,800 kmpa
EHV Cable: 2,000 kmpa
New-Zealand, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Bangladesh,
Production Capacity
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Global Footprints
Israel
o
o
Indian Clientele
Certification
Various SEBs of states such as: Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan,

Karnataka, MP, Maharashtra, Punjab, UP, West Bengal;
PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL, BHEL, NTPC, PGCIL, SAIL
Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, EMCO, CGL, Enercon, Suzlon
Energy, Kalpataru Power Transmission, Jindal, Essar Power
ISO 9001-2008, ERDA, CPRI, BIS, BSI, DIN, IEC, ASTM
Table 24: Jyoti Structures Limited

Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Conductor Manufacturing
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 2 (India) + 1 (Dubai)
Tower Manufacturing: 110,000 tpa (India) + 50,000 tpa (Dubai)
Conductor Manufacturing: 2,500 ckm per annum
Production Capacity
Annual Turnover
(2011-2012 and 201011)
Global Footprints
Presence across 40 countries such as: Australia, Chile, Canada, Ethiopia,

Egypt, France, Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Philippines,
Peru, Qatar, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, UAE, Uganda etc.
Various Transcos in country
PSUs: PGCIL & NTPC
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007
Table 25: Gammon India Ltd

1984
Manufacturing
EPC
Turnkey Projects
Engineering & Design
Tower Manufacturing
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 3
Production Capacity
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints
Annual Turnover
Indian Clientele
Afghanistan, Kenya, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Sri Lanka,

Oman
Various state such as: Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Govt. of West Bengal
DMRC, GAIL, PGCIL, NTPC, NHPC, NPCIL, NHAI, SJVNL
Private companies such as: Godrej Properties, Municipal Corporation of

Amritsar
Certification
ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007
Table 26: Unitech Power Transmission Ltd

1972
Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Commissioning and Testing of T&D Lines & Substations
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1
Production Capacity
Average Annual Turnover
INR 1,500 Crore
Global Footprints
Nepal, Korea, Sudan, Finland, Spain, France, Libya, Germany,
PSUs: PGCIL, NTPC
Indian Clientele
Certification
Private companies such as: Tata Power, Fortrum, Hyundai, Inabensa,

Alstom, Seimens
ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004
Table 27: Aster Private Ltd

Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Mfg unit: 6
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Infrastructure
Production Capacity
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana,

India, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nepal, Cameroon, Nigeria, Oman,
Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, UAE, Yemen
Various State Transcos such as: MSETCL, APTRANSCO, GETCO,

MSEDCL, OPTCL, UPPTCL, KPTCL, MPPTCL, HVPTNL, KSEB, RRVPNL
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
o
o
Certification
PSUs: PGCIL & NTPC

Private players such as: Alstom, Siemens, ABB, TATA, Lanco, L&T, Sterlite,
KSK, JSPL, Vijay Electricals, EMC Limited, ECI, Deepak Cables
ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007
Table 28: Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd

Manufacturing
EPC
Tower Manufacturing
Infrastructure Development (Railways, Construction)
Tower Manufacturing
Mfg unit: 3
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Government utilities such as: PGCIL, RRVPNL, KPTCL, GEB, OSEB,

HPEB;
Indian Clientele
Certification
Other players such as Kalindee Rail Nirman, SIEMENS Ltd, KEC

International, Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Tata Projects Ltd, Techno Electric & engineers
Co. Ltd, Nepal Electricity Supply Co.
ISO 9001:2000

Sr No Company Name
ATO (V) Op Ex (W) Raw Mat. Cost (X) EBIDTA (Y) PAT (Z)
INR
INR
INR
X/W
INR
Y/V
INR Z/V
Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd
2,874
2,497
1,277
51%
377
13%
149 5%
IVRCL
5,659
NA
NA
NA
523
9%
158 3%
KEC International
4,057
3,593
2,172
60%
463
11%
275 7%
Diamond Power Infrastructure Ltd
1,285
1,149
1,098
95%
159
12%
98
8%
Jyoti Limited
2,647
2,376
1,431
60%
271
10%
61
2.3%
5,636
5,297
1,488
28%
339
6%
184 3.3%
Gammon India Ltd
SPML
1,219
1104
420
38%
115
10%
25
ICSA
1,406
1,115
1,011
90%
291
20%
118 8%
2%
Revenue from all businesses

Table 30: Performance of Transmission Line Industry
Weight (%)
Industry Size (INR Crore)
YoY % Change
2010-11
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Transmission Lines
23.4
14,070
13.5
9.2
-0.8
Transmission Line Towers
12.6
6,600
6.5
19
6.8
-5.2
Conductors
10.8
5,670
21.3
0.2
-0.8
4.3
Source: IEEMA
This important segment (having a weight of 23.4 per cent in the total industry in FY11)
has been on a downturn over the past four years.
Growth Drivers
12th Five Year Plan
o New Transmission Lines: 109,440 Ckm
o New Distribution : 1,305,000 Ckm
o Interregional Transmission Capacity: 37,000 MW
o Investment of INR 180,000 in 12th Plan
o RGGVY and R-APDRP Projects
Market Competitors
Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd
IVRCL
KEC International
o Jyoti Structures Limited
o Gammon India Ltd
o Unitech Power Transmission Ltd
o Aster Private Ltd
o Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd
Prospective Clients
o Central Transmission Utility
o State Transmission Utilities
o Private transmission and distribution companies
o EPC players
Entry Opportunity
Increasing voltage level for bulk transmission and hence EHV
tower testing facility

Good starting as a medium scale manufacturer
Prospects of good business in steel tubular poles because of less
RoW requirement
Business Risk
o Fluctuating raw material prices
o Pricing issue specially with Govt. clients
o Industry is highly dependent and driven by growth in power sector
o Lack of domestic testing facilities for EHV towers
Growth in this industry has consistently decreasing from 13.5 per cent in FY09 to 4 per
cent in FY11. It has further declined to -5.2% in FY12. Transmission line manufacturing
sector has its own issues. Some of them are as under.
o Fiscal performance of state transcos and discoms continues to be poor with little
or no funds for planned investment.
o Poor credit-worthiness of state utilities is leading to lack of payment security for

private investors.
o Procedural delays for both public & private projects and long time taken for the
entire bidding process.
o Lack of coordination in transmission planning and implementation activity.
o Commercial conditions such as unrealistic terms of payment, non-availability of
price variation clauses often lead imbalance in price levels.
The decline in growth of tower industry has led the manufacturing facilities to operate
on 67% capacity utilization only.
Figure 28: Tower Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
Tower manufacturing capacity is a mature enough industry in the country. It has been
showing fluctuating performance for last five years. Still future of this segment is bright
due to adoption of higher voltage for power transmission.
Source: IEEMA
This factor is the main growth driver of this industry which needs more testing facility
of transmission towers. Apart from it, PGCILs aggressive planning to invest INR
100,000 Crore for line addition in 12th Plan is being considered as leading demand
driver. It is worth to note that PGCILs investment during 11th Plan was INR 55,000
Crore while in the 12th Plan this amount would be around INR 100,000 Crore.
In the 11th Plan this industry has grown at a CAGR of 6.4%. By the end of 12th Plan,
CEA has envisaged this market size of INR 18,038 Crore. While looking at the past
trend, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 8,545 Crore in next five
years.
Figure 29: Switchgear: Circuit Breaker
4.4 Switchgear & Control Instruments

Switchgears are integral component at every switching point in power systems. Basic
function of switchgear in power system is the measurement and protection from short
circuits and overload fault currents while simultaneously providing service continuously
to unaffected circuits while avoiding the creation of an electrical hazard. Switchgear

power system also provides important isolation of various circuits from different power
supplies for safety issues.
Figure 30: Oil Circuit Breaker
4.4.1 Constituents of Switchgear

There are many different types and classifications of switchgear power systems to meet
a variety of different needs. On the basis of different application, theses are classified
accordingly.
Oil Circuit Breaker (OCB)

The oil in OCBs serves two purposes. It insulates between the phases and between the
phases & ground, and it provides the medium for the extinguishing of the arc. When
electric arc is drawn under oil, the arc vaporizes the oil and creates a large bubble that
surrounds the arc. The gas inside the bubble is around 80% hydrogen, which impairs
ionization. The decomposition of oil into gas requires energy that comes from the heat
generated by the arc. The oil surrounding the bubble conducts the heat away from the
arc and thus also contributes to deionization of the arc. Main disadvantage of the oil
circuit breakers is the flammability of the oil, and the maintenance necessary to keep the
oil in good condition (i.e. changing and purifying the oil).
Figure 31: Voltage Circuit Breaker
Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)

In this breaker, vacuum is being used as the arc quenching medium. Vacuum offers
highest insulating strength; it has far superior arc quenching properties than any other
medium. When contacts of a breaker are opened in vacuum, the interruption occurs at
first current zero with dielectric strength between the contacts building up at a rate
thousands of times that obtained with other circuit breakers.It consists of fixed contact,
moving contact and arc shield mounted inside a vacuum chamber. The movable member
is connected to the control mechanism by stainless steel bellows .This enables the
permanent sealing of the vacuum chamber so as to eliminate the possibility of leak. A
glass vessel or ceramic vessel is used as the outer insulating body. The arc shield
prevents the deterioration of the internal dielectric strength by preventing metallic
vapors falling on the inside surface of the outer insulating cover.
VCB are used for outdoor applications ranging from 22 kV to 66 kV. These are suitable
for majority of applications in rural area.
Gas Circuit Breaker

In this circuit breaker, Sulphar Hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching
medium. The SF6 gas is an electro negative gas and has a strong tendency to absorb free
electrons. The contacts of the breaker are opened in a high pressure flow of SF6 gas and
an arc is struck between them. The conducting free electrons in the arc are rapidly
captured by the gas to form relatively immobile negative ions. This loss of conducting
electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough insulation strength to extinguish the arc.
The SF6 circuit breakers are very effective for high power and high voltage service.
Figure 32: Gas Circuit Breaker
Advantages of Gas Circuit Breaker

o Due to superior arc quenching property of SF6, such breakers have very short
arcing time
o Dielectric strength of SF6 gas is 2 to 3 times that of air, such breakers can interrupt
much larger currents
o Gives noiseless operation due to its closed gas circuit
o Closed gas enclosure keeps the interior dry so that there is no moisture problem
o There is no risk of fire as SF6 is non inflammable
o There are no carbon deposits
o Low maintenance cost, light foundation requirements and minimum auxiliary
equipment
Disadvantages of Gas Circuit Breaker

o High cost of SF6
o SF6 gas has to be reconditioned after every operation of the breaker, additional
equipment is required for this purpose
Instrument Transformers
Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protective application, together
with equipment such as meters and relays. It is also a part of switchgear family. Their
role in electrical systems is of primary importance as they are a means of "stepping
down" the current or voltage of a system to measurable values, such as 5A or 1A in the

case of a current transformers and 110V or 100V in the case of a voltage transformer.
This offers the advantage that measurement and protective equipment can be
standardized on a few values of current and voltage. Current transformers, together with
Voltage Transformers (VT) (or Potential Transformers (PT)), are known as instrument
transformers.
Current Transformers
Figure 33: Current Transformer
When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a

current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in
the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording
instruments. A current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from what
may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current transformers are commonly
used in metering and protective relays in the electrical power industry.
Figure 34: Voltage Transformer
Voltage Transformers
When voltage level of a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a
voltage transformer produces a stepped down voltage level accurately proportional to
the voltage level of the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and
recording instruments. A voltage transformer also isolates the measuring instruments
from what may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit. Voltage (Potential)
transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electrical
power industry.

1964
Nature of Business
Manufacturing
EPC
Oil & Gas
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
BTG Sets
BOP
Power Transformers
BTG Sets
Switchgear
Mfg unit: 15
Business office: 15
Service centre: 8
Siemens AG Germany
Germany ABB
Switzerland
General Electric
USA
More than 70 countries
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
Power Utilities, Oil & Gas Sector, Mining Sector, Indian Railways, EPC
Contractors, Cement Industry, Steel Industry
ASME, API

1956-57 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Network Protection & Control
System Automation & Robotics
Electric Motors & Alternators
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
System Automation
Mfg unit: 8
Sales offices: 19
R&D center: 10
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous technology
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Certification
IEC, ANSI, IEEE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001

1949 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Power Transformers
Switchgear
System Automation
Mfg unit: 12
Marketing offices: 23
Service center: 8
Logistic warehouse: 3
Training centers: 4
Power & Automation engineering centers: 2
Channel partners: 550
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX, CE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS
18001

Year of Establishment 1937 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Rotating Machines
System Automation
Mfg unit: 20
More than 30 communication points in India
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
For SLIM Transformers with Duponts Nomex Thermal Insulating

Technology
Global Footprints
Indonesia, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, USA, UK, Ireland, Netherland,

Sweden, France, UAE, China, Australia, New Zealand, Curacao
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, CPRI, IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX,
CE

1911 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Nature of Business
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Power Transformers
Switchgear
System Automation
Mfg unit: 8
Sales offices: 25
R&D center: 4
Engineering center: 2
(20010-11)
INR 4,037 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Indian Clientele

Certification
IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
Table 37: Biecco Lawrie Limited

1943
Manufacturing
Turnkey Projects
Electrical Repairs
Switchgear
Electronics & Control (Relays Division)
Switchgear
(2009-10)
INR 66 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Indian Clientele
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
Certification
Power Utilities, Indian Railways, EPC Contractors, Cement Industry, Steel

Industry
ISO 9001-2008, ISO-14000
Table 38: Jyoti Limited

Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Switchgear
Electronics & Control (Relays Division)
Rotating Electrical Machines
Hydel System, Electrical Pump
Switchgear
Rotating Electrical Machines
(20010-11 and 200910)
INR 395 Crore and INR299 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Toshiba Corporation, Japan
Global Footprints
Bhutan, Oman, Nepal,
Indian Clientele
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Annual Turnover
Certification
Contractors, Cement Industry, Fertilizer Industry, Steel Industry
ISO 9001
Table 39: Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd
Manufacturing
Auxiliary Transformers
Distribution Transformers
Special Purpose CT & VT
Metering Cubicle
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 3
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Various SEBs of ctates such as: UP, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Punjab,

Haryana
Indian Clientele
Certification
Entities such as: BHEL, Siemens, ABB, CGL, ALSTOM, L&T, CGL,
Nagarjuna Construction Company, Indian Railways, Subhash Projects
ISO 9001-2008, IS
Table 40: Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited

Nature of Business
1994
Manufacturing
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Various SEBs of states such as: UP, UttraKhand, Rajasthan, Punjab,

Haryana, J&K, HP, Chhattisgarh, Odissa
Power utilities such as: Areva, ABB, BBMB, BHEL, CGL, INRCL
International Ltd, KEC International, Nagarjuna Construction
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001-2000, IEC,IS
Table 41: Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd

Manufacturing
Isolating Transformers
HV Testing Transformers
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Technology Sourcing
Indian Clientele
Certification
Indigenous
Government utilities such as: MSEB, ASEB, MPSEB, GEB, NEEPCO,

BBMB, APSEB, RSEB, GRIDCO, WBSEB
Others such as: ABB, ALSTOM, CGL, Bharat Bijlee, EMCO, Essar, GAIL,
IOCL, Railways, KRIBHCO, Jyoti Enterprises, Suzlon Energy, Torrent Power,
UltraTech
ISO 9001:2000, IS
Table 42: Kappa Electricals

1966
Manufacturing
Control & Auto Transformers
Relays, Switches and Fuses
Products/Services
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous
Global Footprint
Indian Subcontinent, East Asia, Middle East and South East Asia
Various SEBs
Private Utilities
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Indian Clientele
o
Certification
Industrial Consumers
ISO 9001:1994, BS, IEC, AS, DIN, KEMA

Sr No Company Name

ATO (V) Op Ex (W) Raw Mat. Cost (X) EBIDTA (Y) PAT (Z)
INR
INR
INR
X/W
INR
Y/V
INR Z/V
BHEL
43,337
33,856
23,209
69%
9,538
22% 6,011 14%
Siemens India Limited
12,253
3,895
2,162
56%
1,409
12% 868
7%
ABB Limited
7,693
7,126
5,518
77%
393
5%
2%
Crompton Greaves Limited
6,276
5,018
2,828
56%
937
15% 694
11%
Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited* 4,037
3,718
2,875
77%
319
8%
65
2%
Biecco Lawrie*
66
62
39
63%
6%
3%
Jyoti Limited
395
341
270
80%
54
14% 18
*Figure for FY10

The switchgear industry in India manufactures the entire range of circuit breakers from
bulk oil, minimum oil, and air blast, vacuum; to Sulphar Hexafluoride (SF6) as per
standard specifications. There are a few leading circuit breaker manufacturers in the
country. Rests are medium scale manufacturers. In the field of instrument transformer
also there are eight to ten players who are majorly involved in manufacturing of
instrument transformers at EHV level only. Other players manufacture these
components at sub-transmission and distribution voltage level. At the medium and low
voltage level, it is an unorganized market and regional players are
Figure 35: Export of Switchgear Instruments
involved in doing business in their area of reach.
185
5%
After two consecutive years of double-digit growth, the switchgear industry had to
contend with a 2.4 per cent fall in FY12. In FY11, the segment had grown by 21.2% that
had come over and above a 14.5% growth in FY10. It is estimated that the size of the
switchgear market, (not including domestic switches), was around INR 9,100 Crore in
2010-11.
Table 44: Performance of Switchgear Industry
Weight (%)
YoY % Change
2011-11
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Switchgear
15.1
9,100
14.5
21.2
-2.4
Power Contactors
2.6
1,000
-17.8
41
28.7
-10.4
LT Circuit Breakers
3.6
1,360
-1
29.4
19.5
-5.8
MCBs
2.8
1,050
9.7
23
7.7
15.5
S/F and F/S Units
0.5
207
-11.1
5.3
3.8
-4.3
HT Circuit Breakers
5.6
2,140
2.4
-5.8
28.4
-5.8
Source: IEEMA
4.4.5 Demand Segments

Utilities: HV and EHV demand majorly comes from the utilities. India's power
generation capacity of 2,300 MW in 1950 expanded to 200,000 MW in 2012. With the
12th Plan the capacity is expected to increase by around 75,000 MW. The Government is
focusing on increasing the penetration of power supply in villages. Schemes like
APDRP and RGGVY are providing an excellent opportunity for the LV and MV
switchgear market with about 10-15% villages yet to be electrified.
Industrial Segment: An increase in process automation levels observed which support
push-buttons, contactors and switching relays, as well as the protection relays market,
which finds application extensively for motor control. Investment in new infrastructural
setup is set to increase the market for Insulated Switchgears, Ring Main Units, Molded
Case Circuit Breakers, Air Circuit Breakers and Control & Relay Panels.
Growth Drivers
12th Five Year Plan
o Focus on RGGVY schemes
o Power Plant Modernization and Refurbishment

o More focus on higher transmission and High Voltage Distribution
System
o Introduction of gas insulated switchgears which require less space
o Increasing system automation
Market Competitors
o Siemens India Limited
o ABB Limited
o Crompton Greaves Limited
o BHEL
o Schneider Electric
o Pentagon Switch Gear
o Biecco Lawrie Limited
o Jyoti Limited
o Power Protection
Prospective Clients
o Central Transmission Utility
o State Transmission Utilities
o Existing & forthcoming private distribution companies
o EPC companies
o Major industries e.g. Petrochemicals, Mining, Steel/Metallurgical, Ship
building, Engineering, Cement, Railway, Defense
Entry Opportunity
o Around 15-20 leading manufacturers in country
o Present market is dominated by multinational players, therefore good
opportunity for new players

o The switchgear industry has traditionally been low on technology, but
with changing times automation has ushered in newer concepts such as

soft starters, intelligent relays, compact intelligent switchgear and
energy efficient switchgear
Business Risk & Issues

o Requires good technological partnership or in house R&D and testing
facilities
o Competitive pricing
o Volatile price of raw material
Power Plant Modernization and Refurbishment: As in other parts of the world,
numerous power plants in India are nearing the end of their services plan, thus requiring
overhauling and modernization. This includes replacement of existing transformers and
LV, MV and HV switchgear, which are on average over 30 years old. Power plant
modernization and refurbishment is expected to additionally support growth of the
switchgear market.
Alternative Energy Sources: The India Government continues to research and invest in
renewable energy sources such as wind, solar-thermal and hydroelectric power. The
increase in investment in alternative energy sources is also expected to support market
growth, as LV and MV switchgear products are required for general protection as well
as switching. The MCCB and MCB markets are expected to benefit considerably from
alternative energy expansion.
Figure 36: Switchgear Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
Switchgear industry has been growing for last years at a CAGR of 7.9%. Only in FY
2011-12 it witnessed negative growth. Still future of this product is good enough due to
R&M plans of old power plants. This factor is the main growth driver of this industry.
Source: IEEMA
By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this market size of INR 22,000 Crore. While
looking at the past trend, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 12,977
Crore.
4.5 Transformer
Figure 37: Transformer
A transformer is a static machine used for transforming voltage level from one circuit
to another circuit without changing frequency. By using a step up transformer at the
sending end of the power system network we transmit the power at high voltage. This
power may not be distributed to the consumers directly and must be stepped down to the
desired level at the receiving end with help of step down transformer.
Table 46: Types of Transformer
Power Transformer
Distribution
Transformer
Instrument
Transformer
Above 1 MVA, 33 kV
Up to 1 MVA, 11 kV
440 Volts to 1200 kV
Applicatio Generation, Transmission, Sub-transmission and

n
Distribution
Distribution
Measuring & Protection
Types
Oil filled & Dry type
Oil filled & Dry type
Rating
Oil filled & Dry Type
Figure 38: Transformer Windings
4.5.1 Major Components of Transformer

Windings
The conducting material used for the windings depends upon the application, but in all
cases the individual turns must be electrically insulated from each other to ensure that
the current travels throughout every turn. Larger power transformers operating at high
voltages may be wound with copper rectangular strip conductors insulated by oilimpregnated paper and blocks of pressboard.
Core
For efficient flux linking between the two windings, one low reluctance magnetic path
common to both of them should be provided in the transformer. This low reluctance
magnetic path in transformer is known as core of transformer. The main problem
with transformer core is the
Figure 39: Core
hysteresis and eddy current loss in transformer. Hysteresis

loss in transformer mainly depends upon its core materials. The core steel which has
under gone through the both silicon alloying and cold rolling treatments is commonly
known as CRGOS or Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Silicon Steel. This material is now
universally used for manufacturing for transformer core.
Figure 40: Conservator Tank
Conservator Tank
Two main roles of conservator: whenever high electrical stress are produces inside the
transformer due to fault then temperature raise of oil it gives contraction effect & gases
also produced inside the main tank then it takes a path to release the pressure via
Buchholz relay to the conservator & breather releases the gas.
Conservator tank is provided to maintain the oil level in the transformer. It is never
filled with oil up to the neck. Thermal expansion nature of the oil is kept in the view and
therefore oil is filled only up to 3/4th of conservator tank level.
Figure 41: Radiator
Radiator
Radiators are used in a transformer to cool the transformer oil through natural air or
forced air flowing in these radiator fins. As the transformer oil temperature goes down
due to cooling it goes to the transformer tank from bottom, cool the windings and gets
heated, and then returns to the radiator for next cooling. This cycle repeats as the oil
flow is also natural due difference in temperature of oil on bottom and top. In big power
transformers this oil circulation is forced by oil pumps for effective cooling. The
radiator has many small fins and there are 4-10 radiator banks in a transformer
depending on capacity and make of the transformer.
Figure 42: Buchholz Relay
Buchholz Relay
Buchholz Relay in transformer is an oil container housed the connecting pipe from main
tank to conservator tank. It has mainly two elements. The upper element consists of a
float. The float is attached to a hinge in such a way that it can move up and down
depending upon the oil level in the Buchholz Relay Container. One mercury switch is
fixed on the float. The alignment of mercury switch hence depends upon the position of
the float. The lower element consists of a baffle plate and mercury switch. This plate is
fitted on a hinge just in front of the inlet (main tank side) of Buchholz Relay in
transformer in such a way that when oil enters in the relay from that inlet in high
pressure the alignment of the baffle plate along with the mercury switch attached to it,
will change. In addition to these main elements a Buchholz Relay has gas release
pockets on top. The electrical leads from both mercury switches are taken out through a
molded terminal block.
Figure 43: Bushings
Bushings
A bushing is a hollow electrical insulator through which a conductor may pass. The
bushing is a hollow insulating liner that fits through a hole in a wall or metal case,
allowing a conductor to pass along its centre and connect at both ends to other
equipment. The purpose of the bushing is to keep the conductor insulated from the
surface it is passing through. Bushings are often made of wet-process fired porcelain,
and may be coated with a semi-conducting glaze to assist in equalizing the electrical
stress along the length of the bushing.
The inside of the bushing may contain paper insulation and the bushing is often filled
with oil to provide additional insulation. Bushings for medium-voltage and lowvoltage apparatus may be made of resins reinforced with paper. The use
of polymer bushings for high voltage applications is becoming more common. The
largest high-voltage bushings made are usually associated with high-voltage directcurrent converters.
4.5.2 Market Analysis

Transformer is the most costly and critical component in a substation. It accounts for 1015% of the total cost of switchyard in a power system. The Indian transformer
industry is more than five decadeold and manufactures all types of transformers. The
industry enjoys a good reputation in terms of quality, price and delivery in the domestic
as well as overseas markets even in advanced countries. The Indian transformer industry
can generally be divided into distribution transformers, power transformers, generating
transformer and other types of special transformers for welding, traction, furnace etc.
Past Performance
Power transformers account for about 65-70% of the total transformer industry in MVA
terms. Distribution transformers account for the remaining 30-35% of the total
transformer industry in MVA terms. A transformer could either be oil filled or dry type
by nature, with voltage ranging from 1.1 kV-33 kV.
Table 47: Transformer: Domestic Demand Vs Supply
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Installed manufacturing Capacity (MVA)
1,13,360
1,44,190
1,52,065
1,72,065
2,10,000
Production (MVA)
90,810
1,07,723
1,22,487
1,29,049
1,68,000
Total Transformer Demand (MVA)
1,39,364
1,60,129
1,83,988
2,11,402
2,42,901
The transformer industry grew by a feeble 1.2% in FY12 as against a very healthy
13.5% in FY11. While power transformers have performed consistently, it is distribution
transformers that have shown erratic trend. In FY12, the distribution transformer
category suffered a 3.3% against the 7.4% growth seen in power transformers.
Table 48: Performance of Transformer Industry
Weight (%)
YoY % Change
2010-11
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Transformers
20.6
12,350
-1.2
9.1
13.5
1.2
Power Transformers
8.6
5,150
25.8
17.2
13.2
7.4
12
7,200
-16.9
13.8
-3.3
Source: IEEMA
Figure 44: Demand Drivers fo Transformer
Demand Segments
The Indian transformer manufacturing is a mature industry with large manufacturing
base. Huge capacity has been added by several manufacturers over the last 5-7 years
based on the planned programs. Indian Electrical Equipment industry over the years has
also gained global acceptance and India has emerged as a preferred destination for
sourcing of quality, reliable and competitively priced equipment including transformers.
Generator Transformers: These are used primarily as step up transformer in power
generation plants. Power transformer is said to be one of the main and costly plant
equipment. With the 12th Planthe capacity is expected to increase by around 75,000 MW
which reflects the requirement of 96,837 MVA of generator transformers.
Transformation Capacity: Substation capacity has been added satisfactorily in
11th plan and it will continue in the 12th plan also because of good target of generation
capacity addition. Transformation capacity addition is the primary requirement for
evacuation of power from any generating power plant. Therefore this segment will keep
a high demand of the tune of 60-65 thousand MVA per annum. Transformation capacity
in 11th FYP has increased at CAGR of 54%. 12th Plan also, is likely to perform in same
way in order to achieve the national target.
Table 49: Transformer: Demand Creators
Transformer Demand Segment
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
TOTAL
GT Capacity (MVA)
20,497
19,011
19,974
21,090
16,265
96,837
Transformation Capacity (MVA)
67,372
62,488
65,654
69,321
53,462
318,297
Industry Installations (MVA)
3,369
3,124
3,283
3,466
2,673
15,915
Export Demand (MVA)
18,000
21,420
25,490
30,333
36,096
131,339
Replacement Demand (MVA)
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
100,000
Total (MVA)
129,238
126,043
134,401
144,210
128,496
662,388
Industrial Installation: Whatever loom in industrial growth was to happen, has

occurred already. Therefore, in future more development is obvious. Although Industrial
segment contributes only 2% of total demand but it encourages customized product
which can give better profitability. Industries such as steel, oil, cement, textile, sugar,
heavy engineering etc are the segment growth drivers.
Export Demand: In the global market, performance of Indian product is acknowledged
as technically at par with the leading international
companies since Indian transformer industry is matured enough as a reliable supplier, it
is exporting transformer in various parts of the world including countries like USA,
Europe, African Countries, Cyprus, Syria, Iraq and other Middle East countries.
Table 50: Transformer Exports from India
Figures in INR Crore
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
CAGR
Up to 650 kVA
65.1
175.9
234.7
251.2
379.1
460.1
48%
650 kVA-10 MVA
38
127.6
161.8
200.2
189
212.4
41%
Above 10 MVA
307.6
488.7
699
1273.5
1221.2
748.9
19%
410.7
792.2
1095.5
1724.9
1789.3
1421.4
28%
Over a period of six years industry has exported the transformers at a robust CAGR of
28%. In this, small manufacturers are now emerging as leading exporters in small
transformer which has seen highest growth rate of 48%.
Replacement Demand: As in other parts of the world, numerous power plants in India
are nearing the end of their service plan, thus requiring overhauling and modernization.
This includes replacement of existing transformers, which are on average over 30 years
old and the replacement of distribution and power transformers. BEE has started the
program of efficiency wise star rating of the transformers. It has provided additional
market to the industry which ill drive the extensive use of more efficient and reliable
transformers in the future. Further, the strengthening of the transmission and distribution
grid under the R-APDRP scheme will be growth driver for the industry.

Table 51: Transformer Industry: Prominent Players
Key Attributes
Transformers & Rectifiers
Vijai Electricals
BHEL
ABB Limited
Alstom (Areva)
Over all more than 300 players in market
Volume wise 70:30 ratio between organized and

unorganizedmarket
Organized market consist 15-20 established players

who dominate Power Transformer segment
Local manufacturers dominate Distribution

Transformer segment
T&D India Ltd
Bharat Bijlee
EMCO
Voltamp
Lack of EHV transformer testing facility
Prospective Clients
RTS Power
Accurate Transformer
TELK
IMP
Central & State Transmission Utilities
EPC Companies
State & Private Discoms
o
o
Major industries e.g. Heavy Engineering,

Cement, Steel,Railway, Defense etc.
Diamond Power
Infrastructure Limited

1964
Manufacturing
EPC
Oil & Gas
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
BTG Sets
BOP
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Power Transformers
BTG Sets
Switchgear
Mfg unit: 15
Business office: 15
Service centre: 8
Siemens AG Germany
Germany ABB
Switzerland
General Electric
USA
Global Footprints
More than 70 countries across the world
Indian Clientele
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Certification
ASME, API

1956-57 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Power Transformers
Switchgear
System Automation
Mfg unit: 8
Sales offices: 19
R&D center: 10
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
IEC, ANSI, IEEE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001

1949 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Capacitors
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Power Transformers
Switchgear
System Automation
Mfg unit: 12
Marketing offices: 23
Service center: 8
Logistic warehouse: 3
Training centers: 4
Power & Automation engineering centers: 2
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Certification
IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX, CE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS
18001

Year of Establishment 1937 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Consumer Products
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Rotating Machines
System Automation
Mfg unit: 20
30 Communication points in India
For SLIM Transformers with Duponts Nomex Thermal Insulating
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Technology
Global Footprints
Indonesia, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, USA, UK, Ireland, Netherland,

Sweden, France, UAE, China, Australia, New Zealand, Curacao
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, CPRI, IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX,
CE

1911 (In India)
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
R&D
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Substation Erection
Power Transformers
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Switchgear
System Automation
Mfg unit: 8
Sales offices: 25
R&D center: 4
Engineering center: 2
(20010-11)
INR 4,037 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Certification
IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
Table 57: Transformers & Rectifiers

Nature of Business
Manufacturing
Products/Services
Power Transformers
Leading
Product/Service
Rectifier Transformers
Furnace Transformers
Reactors
Transformers
Mfg unit: 3
Infrastructure
Strategic unit: 3 (for transformer component mfg)
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 200910)
INR 577 Crore and INR 515.09 Crore
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
South Africa, Ethiopia, Bhutan, Canada, Congo, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Oman,
Iran, Nepal, Kenya, Ghana, USA, Australia, Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, UK, Philippines, UAE,
Bangladesh
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 90012008, ISO 140012004, OHSAS 180012007
Table 58: Vijai Electricals

Nature of Business
Products/Services
1973
Manufacturing
Power Transformers
Switchgear
Leading
Product/Service
Transformers
Strategic unit: For indigenous component development
(2010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing
Daihen Corporation, Japan
Global Footprints
USA, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
APEB, MSEB, Gujarat SEB, Rajasthan SEB, ABB, UPSEB, Asam SEB,
BSEB, BSES,Enercon India Ltd, HSEB, KSEB
Kalpataru Power, PGCIL, NTPC, NPCL, Reliance Energy, Wilson Power

Solutions, Siemens Ltd
Indian Clientele
Certification
Lloyds-UK, Crown Agents- UK, BSI Inspectorate Griffith, OMIC Japan, CAPE- Thailand,
Tubescope Vecto GmbH Germany
Table 59: Voltamp

1963
Manufacturing
Services
Transformers
Unitized Substation
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Induction Furnace
Lighting Arrestor
Electrical Maintenance
Transformers
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 2
(2010-11 and 2009-2010)
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Annual Turnover
Certification
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Middle East Asian

Countries
NTPC, ONGC, NALCO, IOCL, BPCL, AEC-SEC, GSFC, GACL
ISO 9001 2000, ISOQAR Accreditation, IEC
Table 60: Bharat Bijlee

Year of
Establishment
Nature of
Business
Products/Service
s
1946
Manufacturing
EPC
Power transformers: Station transformer, Unit Auxiliary transformer
Elevator System: Gearless motors
Motors: 3-phase induction motors, Pumps,
Sub Station erection projects
Transformers
Mfg unit: 1
Branch Office: 13
(2011-12 and 201

0-11)
Technology
Sourcing
Global Footprints
Bangladesh, Tanzania, Algeria, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Kenya, Namibia,

Oman,UAE, Egypt, Jordan, South Africa
AAI, NTPC, PGCIL, BSEB, BSES, MPPTCL, MSETCL, TATA

POWER, TORRENT POWER, RILAINCE INFRA, UPPTCL, WBSETCL, BGR
Energy, NALCO, Singareni Collieries
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 90012008, BIS, Canadian Standards Association
Table 61: EMCO

1964
Nature of Business
Manufacturing
EPC
Services
Transformers
Sub-station EPC
Energy meters
Transmission Line & Towers
Transformers
EPC
Mfg unit: 6
(2010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing
Presence across 45 nations
America, Europe, Middle-East countries, Asia Pacific
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
Power Utilities, Oil & Gas Sector, Mining, EPC Contractors, Cement
Industries, Steel Industries
ISO 90012008, ISO 14001-2004, OHSAS 18001-2007, IS, IEC, ANSI
Table 62: Competitor Analysis
Sr No Company Name

ATO (V) Op Ex (W) Raw Mat. Cost (X)
EBIDTA (Y) PAT (Z)
INR
INR
INR
X/W
INR
Y/V
INR Z/V
BHEL
43,337
33,856
23,209
69%
9,538
22%
6,011 14%
12,253
3,895
2,162
56%
1,409
12%
868
7%
ABB Limited
7,693
7,126
5,518
77%
393
5%
185
2%
6,276
5,018
2,828
56%
937
15%
694
11%
Alstom (Areva) T&D India Ltd*
4,037
3,718
2,875
77%
319
8%
65
2%
577
510
454
89%
66
11%
40
7%
Vijai Electricals
1,849
1,689
1,350
80%
160
9%
18
1%
Voltamp
526
470
442
94%
67
13%
51
9%
Bharat Bijlee**
781
685
535
78%
96
12%
60
7%
10
EMCO
1049
1054
900
(4.7)
(67)
*Figures for 2009-10; **Figures for 2011-2012
4.5.5 Growth in Market Size

Transformer industry has witnessed consistent growth in the market size and this trend
is likely to continue in the future also. Indian small and medium transformer
manufacturers are expected to gain momentum due to various government reform
programs.
Figure 45: Transformer Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
Source: IEEMA
Export will also be a good growth driver for this industry. In the 11th Plan this industry
has grown at a CAGR of 5.5%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this market
size of INR 29,500Crore. While looking at the past trend, this industry is expected to
grow up to the size of INR 16,323 Crore.
4.5.6 Prospective Clients

Transmission Utilities
o Large amount of projects planned by PGCIL and State transmission Utilities.
o Nodal investors in transmission sector.
Distribution Utilities
o Large number of projects coming up under R-APDRP and RGGVY.
o Thrust on decreasing the AT&C losses: investments in distribution and sub
transmission infrastructure.
EPC Companies
o EPC players are flooded with projects due to transformation in utility approach
from cost plus to turnkey basis.
o Better commercial arrangement can be outlined.
o Repeating orders.
o Easy reach to clients exposed to limited established players (transformer
manufacturers).
4.5.7 Business Risk

Industry Level risk
o Almost all major players have increased their capacities leading to excess supply
situation in the industry.
o Pricing becoming an issue especially with Govt. clients.
o CRGO Steel and Copper are the key raw material, which are highly price
volatile which can cause unfavourable impacts on pricing.
o Transformer Industry is highly dependent and driven by growth in power sector.
o Any dent in performance of sector affects the growth of the industry.
Consumer Level Risk

o Choice of states and schemes: Certain states and schemes have had huge
execution challenges, administrative and payment issues.
o The L1 guidelines are objective leaves no room for subjective matters like quality.
o Unilateral testing by State Utilities: Leading to false results and develops
dispute. Also bottleneck in High Voltage Transformer Testing in the Country.
o Local administrative and executive staff at utilities: Results in to delayed

payments.
Figure 46: Energy Meter
4.6 Energy Meter

An electricity meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric
energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device. Electricity
meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt
hour (kWh). Periodic reading of electric meters establishes billing cycles and energy
used during a cycle.
In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure
demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. Time of Day metering allows
electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods
and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand
response shedding of loads during peak load periods.
4.6.1 Types of Energy Meter

Electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts)
and current (amperes) and finding the product of these to give instantaneous electrical
power (watts) which is thenintegrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatthours etc.). Meters for smaller services (such as small residential customers) can be
connected directly in-line between source and customer. For larger loads, more than
about 200 ampere of load, current transformers are used, so that the meter can be
located other than in line with the service conductors. The meters fall into two basic
categories, electromechanical and electronic.
Figure 47: Electromechanical Meter
Electromechanical Meter
The most common type of electricity meter is the electromechanical induction watt-hour
meter. The electromechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of
an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. The
number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. The voltage coil
consumes a small and relatively constant amount of power, typically around 2 watts
which is not registered on the meter. The current coil similarly consumes a small amount
of power in proportion to the square of the current flowing through it, typically up to a
couple of watts at full load, which is registered on the meter.
Electronic Meter
Figure 48: Electronic Meter
Electronic meters display the energy used on an LCD display, and can also transmit
readings to remote places. In addition to measuring energy used, electronic meters can
also record other parameters of the load and supply such as maximum demand, power
factor and reactive power used etc. They can also support time-of-day billing, for
example, recording the amount of energy used during on-peak and off-peak hours.
Now a day, electronic meters are able to store the data for a long time which can be
downloaded at any time of need. Meters with battery back up are able to transmit the
data even when main power supply is off. Various kinds of signaling and indication
functions are available to detect any kind of tempering or violation of safety norms. All
of these functions are controlled through inbuilt electronic microprocessor.
Figure 49: HTMD Meter
HTMD Meter
This is instrument transformers supported metering system. This type of meter is
connected through the secondary of current transformer and potential transformer. These
are used at the points in power system where voltage and current both are at
very high level and their direct measurement is not possible.
Technical Specification:
o Type: 3 Phase
o Accuracy Class: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5
o Current Rating: For the load above 200 Ampere where CT is used
o Voltage Rating: For the system above 440 Volts where PT is used
Figure 50: Apex Meters
Application:
o Generating Stations (Apex Meters)
o EHV Substations (Apex Meters)

o Distribution Substations
o HT Consumers
Figure 51: LTCT Meter
LTCT Meter
This is current transformer supported metering system. This type of meter is connected
through the secondary of current transformer but potential transformer is not used.
These are used at the points in power system current is at very high level and its direct
measurement is not possible.
o Type: 3 Phase
o Accuracy Class: 0.5, 1.0
o Current Rating: For the load above 200 Ampere where CT is used
o Voltage Rating: For the system up to 440 Volts where PT is not used
Application:
o HT Consumers
o LT Consumers
o DT Metering
LT Whole Current Meter

These meters are free from the use of instrument transformers. These meters are put in
to the path of main electrical circuit. Whole current implies the fact that the entire load
current in the electrical circuit passes through the meter. These energy meters are
installed for single and three phase supply connection types with different current
ratings. They are suitable for low voltage residential supply connections, small and
medium enterprises and low voltage distribution transformer metering. They are
designated with single or three phase supply type, current carrying capacity and
accuracy class indices of 1.0 and 2.0 in compliance with international
Figure 52: LT Whole Current Meter
metering standards.
o Type: 1 Phase and 3 Phase
o Accuracy Class: 1.0, 2.0
o Current Rating: For the load up to 100 Ampere where CT is not used
o Voltage Rating: For the system up to 440 Volts where PT is not used
Application:
o Domestic Consumers
o Small Commercial Complexes etc.
Figure 53: Prepaid Meter
Smart Metering System: Prepaid Meter

Smart metering has gained popularity by bringing benefits to all stakeholders in the
utilities industry. Different payment methods available via smart meters for the amount
of energy consumed help end users to increase payment transparency and enable utilities
to easily comply with regulations on consumer rights. Prepaid service options have
become an attractive payment solution allowing users to better manage their energy
consumption and optimize their budget allocation.
Figure 54: Running Cycle of Prepaid Meter
Prepayment metering is simple and user friendly. Prepayment or pay as you go has
been accepted by the utilities worldwide as a way to improve customer service, cash
flow and the revenue cycle. It is altogether a new arena in India and is likely to be
important for revenue and energy management. This will benefit the State Electricity
Boards (SEBs), private utilities and the electricity consumers.
There are more than twenty five companies manufacturing approximately 20 million
energy meters per year in India.
Table 63: Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd
Manufacturing
Turnkey Services
Automation
R&D
Various Kind of Meter Manufacturing
EPC in T&D
Manufacturing of Meter Testing Equipments
Inverters & Solar Product Manufacturing
System Automation & SCADA Implementation
Custom Built Software
Billing Solutions
Meter Manufacturing
System Automation
Mfg unit: 2 (Rajasthan, Uttarakhand)
Indigenous Technology
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 200910)
Technology Sourcing
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
USA, Germany, UK, Ireland, Canada, Bangladesh, Middle East, Africa,

Brazil, China, Singapore, Nepal
Various SEBs of States such as: KSEB, ASEB, RSEB, MSEB, MPSEB,
UPPCL, UPCL, DHBVNL, JKPDD
Various Government Organization Such as: ITI, CDOT, Central Electronics

Ltd., BSNL, DRDO, BEL
Other Players Such as: Reliance Energy, Ahmadabad Electricity Co., Surat
Electricity Company, Tata Power, Torrent Power Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd, Instruments
Ltd
ISO 9001:1994, IECQ, DLMS Certification, IS, IDEMI, ERTL

Certification
Awards from BHEL, NPCL etc.
Table 64: Secure Meters Limited

1988
Manufacturing
Turnkey Services
Automation
R&D
Nature of Business
EPC in T&D
Custom Built Software
Billing Solutions
Meter Manufacturing
System Automation
Mfg unit: 3 (India) + 4 (UK & Sweden)
(2010-2011)
INR 599 Crore
Technology Sourcing
In house R&D
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
Presence in 50 countries across the world
NABL, IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
Table 65: L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division)

Presence in Market
Since early 90s
Nature of Business
Manufacturing
Turnkey Services
R&D
Energy Management Services
Relay Manufacturing
Meter Manufacturing
Relay Manufacturing
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1 (Mysore)
Technology Sourcing
Indigenous Technology
Mfg in UK: Collaboration with CyanTechnology;
South East Asia, Middle East Countries, Africa
Focus on European Markets
Various SEBs across country
Products/Services
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
Private Utilities
NABL
Table 66: ECE Industries Limited

1945 (Metering Division Since 1962)
Manufacturing
Turnkey Projects
Energy Meter
AMR Solutions
Transformer
Switchgear
Elevator
Energy Meter
Transformers
Mfg unit: 1 (Energy Meter at Hyderabad)
Veb Electo Apparate-Werke, Germany
Nature of Business
Products/Services
Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing
Indian Clientele
Certification
Private Utilities
ISO 9001-2000, BIS,
Table 67: HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd

Nature of Business
1956
Manufacturing
Energy Meter
Relays
Switchgears
Lighting
Luminaries
Wires & Cables
Energy Meter
Switchgears
Mfg unit: 9 (Meters: 2)
Marketing Offices: 69
Products/Services
Infrastructure
Average Annual Turnover
Dealers: 1,200
Retailers: 15,000
INR 1,000 Crore
Middle East and SAARC countries
European Markets
Private Utilities
Global Footprints
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001:2000, IEC,
Table 68: Capital Power Systems Ltd

Nature of Business
1988
Manufacturing
Energy Meter
Relays
Products/Services
Leading
Product/Service
Energy Meter
Infrastructure
Mfg unit: 1
Annual Turnover
(2009-10)
INR 72.5 Crore
Various Govt. Utilities such as: DHBVN, JSEB, Orissa utilities, CSEB,
WBSEDCL, UP utilities, KSEB, Maharashtra utilities, Jaipur utilities, AP utilities,
Haryana utilities
Private companies such as: Lanco, Tata, KEC International, Yamuna Power
& Infrastructure, NCC Ltd, IVRCL, Kalpataru, Maytas, RPG, Kirlosker, A2Z, Jyoti
Structures Ltd, Shyama Power India Ltd
Indian Clientele
Certification
ISO 9001:2000, IEC, IS

100% metering of power supply connections insisted by many state regulatory
commissions and support by Ministry of Power through various reform programs,
particularly RGGVY and now RAPDRP has provided impetus to demand for meters.
Overall environment for metering industry in 09-10 has been generally good. Though
physical sales did pick up as compared to 2008-09, prices have continued to fall. During
the 2011-2012, growth rate of energy meters has remained 6.1% which is 60% lower as
compared to FY 2010-2011 that saw a growth of 15.4%.
Table 69: Performance of Metering Industry
Energy Meters
Weight (%)
3.7
Source: IEEMA
Figure 55: Export of Electrical Meters
YoY % Change
2010-11
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
2,250
-8.2
11.3
15.4
6.1
This can be attributed to sharp decline in financial health of most of distribution utilities
during the FY 2011-2012.
During the Year 2009-10 sales of energy meters increased by over 11.3% mainly due to
38% growth in Single phase static meters. Share of Electromagnetic meters has further
reduced to 4.5%. CEA guidelines, which have mandated use of static meters, have seen
the Indian energy meter market shift largely to static meters. Market share of
conventional electromagnetic meters is on decline and is less than the 5% in 2010-2011.

The demand for meters, both for Single Phase and Three Phase, is expected to remain
good for next 2-3 years. Utilities are also procuring Indian companion standard
compliant meters for feeders, transformers and HT Consumers. This will lead to good
demand for system meters. Reasonable flow of enquiries with short delivery schedules
have been observed from various SEBs. Procurement of meters for RGGVY is being
done by project contractors. An overall sale of meter industry is expected to remain at
current level. The basic underlying problems being faced by the industry remain same,
some of them are actually found to be on the rise.
Varying tender specifications, decreasing prices, practically little attention to quality in
the procurement procedures, etc. continue to bother manufacturers. Huge numbers of
meters are being procured for BPL consumers under RGGVY program through
contractors, where both quality and price have received severe beating. Lack of proper
metering at every required point has been the critical issue with the whole power sector
(especially with distribution sector) in India. But now efforts are being made to put the
power sector on track of commercial principle. It can be achieved only when a utility
ensures 100% metering status.
Growth Drivers
12th Five Year Plan
o RGGVY and R-APDRP Projects
o 5 Crore new connections to be added
o Investment in Smart Grid: INR 9,500 Crore
o Installation of 850,000 new DTs which require metering also
Market Competitors
Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd
o Secure Meters Ltd
o L&T Limited
Capital Meters Ltd
ECE Industries Ltd
Elster Metering Pvt. Ltd.
Landis Gyr Ltd
HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd
Mahashakti Energy Ltd
o Automatic Electric Ltd
o Power Protection
o Bentec Electricals & Electronics Ltd
Prospective Clients
o Central & State transmission utilities
o Govt. & private discoms
o Industrial Consumers
Current Issues
High diversity in utilities demand

Lack of standardization of software for different meters
Diversity in meter class in different states
High performance indices and lack of meter testing facilities
Durability of meters
Lack of focus on exports
Business Risk
o More than 50% market share is held by top two players
o Pricing issue specially with Govt. clients
o Industry is highly dependent and driven by growth in power sector
o Lack of domestic testing facility at large scale
Figure 56: Metering Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
Metering industry has witnessed consistent growth in all aspects such as market size,
volume and quality etc. This trend is likely to continue in the future even at a higher
pace. Indian metermanufacturing industry may gain momentum because of power sector
reforms, reduction of T&D and commercial losses etc. In the 11th Plan this industry has
grown at an aggressive CAGR of 5.8%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this
market size of INR 5,500 Crore. While looking at the past trend, this industry is
expected to grow up to the size of INR 3,158 Crore.
CHAPTER 5
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES
5.1 Increasing Imports: A Major Challenge
Figure 57: CHINA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments
Imports of electrical equipment have grown in the past five years at a CAGR of
28.28%. Current export-import trends based on select major ports trade data indicates
alarming growth of almost 20% in imports; especially from China, South Korea,
Germany and other EU countries. The unfavorable domestic economic situation due
to depreciation in Indian Rupee, high inflation, high interest costs, credit squeeze etc. is
having a significant adverse effect on the bottom line of the industry; apart from intense
overseas competition. This situation is getting exacerbated by the turmoil in the global
economy.
Prices of key inputs / raw material, especially which are imported in large quantities, are
on an upward trend. Stiff competition in the domestic market from foreign suppliers and
also in global markets is eroding the price competitiveness of Indian manufacturers. The
price difference between domestic companies vis--vis Chinese manufacturers is mainly
due to disadvantages faced by domestic manufacturers (State and local levies, higher
financing costs, lack of quality infrastructure, dependence on foreign sources for critical
inputs / raw material, etc.), as well as subsidies / incentives provided to the Chinese
manufacturers by their government. It is widely known that Chinese imports are
relatively cheaper because equipment makers from China benefit from low interest rates
and an undervalued currency, which in itself leads to cheaper exports. India now has
adequate domestic capacity to fulfill the anticipated annual demand for power
Figure 58: KOREA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments
generation capacity augmentation, which was not the case earlier.
A most recent positive step taken by Indian Government is the approval of long-delayed
proposal to levy 21% import duty on sourcing power equipment from overseas.
This move will benefit domestic equipment manufacturers in the country. In the July
2012, Indian Govt. has approved 5% basic customs duty, 12% Counter Veiling Duty
(Excise Duty) and 4% Special Additional Duty (SAD), totaling 21%. Earlier, the
government had imposed of 5% customs duty on import of power equipment for
projects of less than 1,000 megawatt (MW) capacity, while projects with more than that
capacity did not attract import levy.
5.2 Critical Issues

The T&D sector today faces several major challenges. Some of them are as under.
o Inadequate Availability of Critical Inputs (Raw Material)
o Looming Skill Gap, Manpower Issues
o Lack of Standardization
o Inadequate Domestic Testing and Calibrating Infrastructure
o Frame Model Procurement Guidelines/Practices for Utilities
o Promotion of Innovation and R&D in the Industry
o Right of Way, Forest Clearances and Land Acquisition Issues
o Price Variation Issues
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Business Opportunities
After the comprehensive analysis of the present market scenario, market players, growth
drivers of the sector, imports & exports, future investment etc. following market has
been explored as a business opportunity for a new entrant in the market.
Business Opportunity
Cable
Outstanding
Conductor
Low
Transmission Tower
Medium
Switchgear & Control
High
Transformer
Medium to High
Energy Meter
Outstanding
6.2 Cable
Cable manufacturing in India is the business full of opportunity. Although this
segment has witnessed the highest growth in the market size, yet India needs more cable
manufacturing capacity in EHV segment. Since EHV cable manufacturing
is highly technology oriented process therefore number of existing players in this
segment is relative low. For entering in to this field now Indian manufacturers are doing
partnership with some technologically mature player irrespective of Indian or foreign
origin. Future of this industry can be rated as Outstanding.
Cable
Market Size (2011-12)
INR 19,496 Crore
Manufacturing Capacity Utilization (2010-11)
47% (Power Cables Only)
th
CAGR (11 FYP)
14.5%
Optimistic Market Size (2016-17) (Y)
INR 37,000 Crore
Most Likely Market Size (2016-17) (X)
INR 38,394 Crore
Relative Achievement (X/Y)
104%
Outstanding
6.3 Conductor
Conductor manufacturing capacity in India is sufficient and it is not being considered as
a very attractive field from manufacturer point of view. It can be attributed to plans and
process to adopt HVDS and ABC technology by distribution utilities in
the various states. Overall business opportunity in this segment is Low.
Conductor
INR 5,914 Crore
68%
th
CAGR (11 FYP)
5.9%
INR 15,462 Crore
INR 7,875 Crore
51%
Low
6.4 Transmission Tower

Tower manufacturing in India is in good state and performing satisfactorily apart from
lack of EHV and UHV tower testing facilities with some players. Domestic
manufacturers have sufficient capacity and they are increasing their capacity on the right
pace. It is EPC and Turnkey Solution Provider route which can let a new player enter in
to the market easily. It is because of now most of the companies are shifting from
manufacturing to additional construction activities. Future of this industry can be rated
as Medium.
Transmission Tower
INR 6,257 Crore
67%
th
CAGR (11 FYP)
6.4%
INR 1,8038 Crore
INR 8,545 Crore
47%
Medium
6.5 Switchgear & Control
Switchgear manufacturing in India is dominated by a few big players followed by

medium and small players. Since this industry is highly technology oriented therefore
number of capable players in this segment is relative low. This segment may be one of
the most rewarding for a new entrant because of lack of domestic players in EHV and
UHV category. Technological partnership with some technologically mature player may
be the entry strategy for a new player. Therefore future of this industry can be rated
as High.
Switchgear & Control
INR 8,882 Crore
66% (HT Switchgears Only)
th
CAG (11 FYP)
7.9%
INR 22,000 Crore
INR 12,977 Crore
59%
High
6.6 Transformer
Transformer manufacturing can be divided in to two segments. One is Distribution
transformers and another is Power transformers. Indian market is performing well with
respect to both segments.Some major bottlenecks such as limited domestic EHV and
UHV transformer testing facilities and in house sourcing of key raw material are
hindering the sector growth. In spite of these challenges transformer industry is able to
cope up with the foreign players. Future of this industry can be rated as Medium to
High.
Transformer
INR 12,498 Crore
75%
th
CAGR (11 FYP)
5.5%
INR 29,500 Crore
INR 16,323 Crore
55%
Medium to High
6.7 Energy Meter
Manufacturing of Energy Meters in India can promise any manufacturer for a long
lasting and consistent growth. This business is likely to follow one of the highest growth
rates at least for next ten to fifteen years. Modern technology and state of the art
manufacturing facility is the key to success in this business. Lack of adequate Meter
testing facility is one of the major bottlenecks of this industry. Now it has
become technology oriented process therefore number of leading players in this segment
is very low. For the initial stage, technological partnership with a domestic or
international mature player can be the entry strategy.
Energy Meter
th
INR 2,387 Crore
11 FYP CAGR
5.8%
INR 5,500 Crore
INR 3,158 Crore
57%
Outstanding
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE

o Ministry of Power, GoI, Report of the Working Group on Power for 12th Plan:
January 2012
o Ministry of Power, R-APDRP, RGGVY
o Planning Commission, Shunglu Committee Report, Report of High Level Panel
on Financial Position of Distribution Utilities December 2011
o Power Finance Corporation
o Central Electricity Authority, Draft, National Electricity Plan (Volume I and
Volume II)
o Central Electricity Authority, Annual and Monthly Summary Report of
Transmission & Distribution Work
o Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Indian Electrical Equipment
Industry Mission Plan: 2012-2022, Base Document
o Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
o Ministry of Commerce, GoI

o Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturer Association (IEEMA)
o Powerline Magazine, June 2012
o Electrical Monitor Magazines Website
o Websites and Annual Reports (of last two to three years) of following companies
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Power Grid Corporation of India
ALSTOM (AREVA) T&D India Ltd.
SIEMENS India Limited
ABB Limited
Vijay Electricals Limited
EMCO
Voltamp
Bharat Bijlee Limited
Sterlite Technologies Limited
JSK Industries Pvt. Limited
Deepak Cables (India) Limited
KEC International
Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited
IVRCL
Jyoti Structures Limited
Gammon India Ltd
Unitech Power Transmission Ltd
Aster Private Ltd
Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd
Biecco Lawrie Limited
Jyoti Limited
Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd
Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited
Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd
SCT Limited
Macroplast Pvt. Ltd
Kappa Electricals
Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd
Secure Meters Limited
L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division)
ECE Industries Limited
HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd
Capital Power Systems Ltd
For Annexure I and Annexure II
Following assumption and steps have been adopted while finding out the future market
size as per tables displayed below.
2. This data sheet includes major T&D equipments as per mentioned by IEEMA.
IEEMA consists 95% Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturers.
3. Actual market size for 2010-11 was available. Apart from it YoY % growth rate
was available. Accordingly, markat size for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2011-12 has
been calculated.
4. On the basis of available market size of last five consecutive years, CAGR has
been calculated.
5. Assumption for market size forecasting: Conservative approach has been
adopted with consideration that Market will grow at the same CAGR of last five
years.
6. Prospective market has been calculated with the help of found CAGR.
Assessed Market in 2017 and 2022 by CEA has been taken from "Indian Electrical
Equipment Industry Mission Plan 2012-2022: Base Document" from "Ministry of
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises"
ANNEXURE I (Following raw data sourced from IEEMA, CEA & thereafter
calculated)
Performance of Major T&D Equipments Industry: 2007-08 to 2011-12
Weight 2007(%)
08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
YoY
Market Market
Growth
Size
Size
(%)
YoY
Market
Growth
Size
(%)
YoY
Market
Growth
Size
(%)
YoY
Market
Growth
Size
(%)
Rotating
Machines
10.5
5144
4964
-3.5%
5624
13.3%
6310
12.2%
6373
1.0%
LT Motors
5.1
2305
2155
-6.5%
2644
22.7%
2985
12.9%
3021
1.2%
HT Motors
2.1
996
1126
13.1%
1242
10.3%
1225
-1.4%
1492
21.8%
Alternators
1.9
888
914
2.9%
924
1.1%
1115
20.7%
918
-17.7%
FHP Motors
1.4
733
642
-12.3%
665
3.5%
780
17.3%
734
-5.9%
Switchgear
15.1
6557
6557
0.0%
7508
14.5%
9100
21.2%
8882
-2.4%
Power Contactors 2.6
670
551
-17.8%
777
41.0%
1000
28.7%
896
-10.4%
LT Circuit
Breakers
3.6
888
880
-1.0%
1138
29.4%
1360
19.5%
1281
-5.8%
MCBs
2.8
723
793
9.7%
975
23.0%
1050
7.7%
1213
15.5%
S/F and F/S Units 0.5
213
189
-11.1%
199
5.3%
207
3.8%
198
-4.3%
HT Circuit
Breakers
5.6
1728
1769
2.4%
1667
-5.8%
2140
28.4%
2016
-5.8%
Cables
25.8
11337
11836
4.4%
13268
12.1%
15510
16.9%
19496
25.7%
PVC Power Cables 17.9
6807
7780
14.3%
8908
14.5%
9710
9.0%
11400
17.4%
Control & Special

7.9
Purpose Cables
4260
3127
-26.6%
3202
2.4%
4300
34.3%
6214
44.5%
Transformers
20.6
10095
9973
-1.2%
10881
9.1%
12350
13.5%
12498
1.2%
Power
Transformers
8.6
3086
3882
25.8%
4549
17.2%
5150
13.2%
5531
7.4%
Distribution
Transformers
12
7392
6143
-16.9%
6327
3.0%
7200
13.8%
6962
-3.3%
Capacitors
0.9
336
345
2.6%
382
10.7%
515
34.9%
506
-1.8%
HT Capacitors
0.3
120
128
6.7%
169
32.2%
200
18.2%
183
-8.3%
LT Capacitors
0.6
220
222
1.0%
217
-2.2%
315
44.9%
319
1.4%
Energy Meters
3.7
1908
1752
-8.2%
1950
11.3%
2250
15.4%
2387
6.1%
Transmission
Lines
23.4
10915
12389
13.5%
13529
9.2%
14070
4.0%
13957
-0.8%
Transmission Line
12.6
Towers
4876
5193
6.5%
6180
19.0%
6600
6.8%
6257
-5.2%
Conductors
10.8
4703
5704
21.3%
5716
0.2%
5670
-0.8%
5914
4.3%
Total
100
46247
47496
2.7%
52863
11.3%
60105
13.7%
64072
6.6%
ANNEXURE II (Following raw data sourced from IEEMA, CEA & thereafter
calculated)
Prospective Market Size
CAGR 0809 to 11-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Market Size in
Relative
2017 (Assessed by Achievement
CEA) (Y)
(Y/X)
Market Market Market Market Market

Size
Size
Size
Size
Size (X)
Rotating
Machines
5.5%
6724
7094
7484
7896
8331
LT Motors
7.0%
3232
3459
3701
3960
4237
HT Motors
10.6%
1651
1826
2020
2235
2473
Alternators
0.8%
925
933
941
948
956
FHP Motors
0.0%
734
735
735
735
736
Switchgear
7.9%
9581
10336
11151
12030
12977
Power Contactors
7.5%
963
1036
1114
1198
1288
1404
1538
1686
1847
2025
LT Circuit Breakers 9.6%
15000
56%
22000
59%
MCBs
13.8%
1380
1571
1788
2036
2317
S/F and F/S Units
-1.8%
195
191
188
184
181
HT Circuit
Breakers
3.9%
2095
2177
2263
2352
2444
Cables
14.5%
22326
25567
29278
33528
38394
PVC Power Cables 13.8%
12968
14752
16782
19091
21718
Control & Special

Purpose Cables
9.9%
6828
7504
8247
9063
9960
Transformers
5.5%
13184
13907
14670
15474
16323
Power
Transformers
15.7%
6400
7405
8569
9914
11472
Distribution
Transformers
-1.5%
6859
6757
6657
6558
6461
Capacitors
10.8%
560
620
687
761
843
HT Capacitors
11.2%
204
227
252
280
312
LT Capacitors
9.8%
351
385
422
464
509
Energy Meters
5.8%
2525
2670
2824
2986
Transmission
Lines
6.3%
14842
15783
16783
Transmission Line
6.4%
Towers
6659
7087
Conductors
5.9%
6263
Total
8.5%
69513
37000
104%
29500
55%
1000
84%
3158
5500
57%
17847
18978
33500
57%
7543
8028
8545
18038
47%
6632
7023
7437
7875
15462
51%
75415
81819
88767
96305
177000
54%

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SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION &

Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited

Mr. ANURAG RAIZADA

NATIONAL POWER TRAINING

MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,

Signature of the Candidate

CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY

Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry

LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

Indian Power Sector

Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan

3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation

3.2.2 Transmission System in India

3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines

3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations

3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector

3.2.6 Technological Development

Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan

3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan

3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines

3.3.3 Addition of Substations

3.3.4 Development of National Grid: Inter-State Transmission Capacity

3.3.5 Growth of Distribution Business

INDIAN ELECTRICAL T&D EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY

Cable & Conductor

4.2.2 Types of Cable

4.2.4 Types of Conductor

4.2.5 Competitor Analysis

4.2.6 Financial Analysis

4.2.7 Industry Performance

4.2.8 Market Prospects

4.3.1 Types of Transmission Tower

4.3.2 Competitor Analysis

4.3.3 Financial Analysis

4.3.4 Industry Performance

4.3.5 Market Prospects

Switchgear & Control Instruments

4.4.1 Constituents of Switchgear

4.4.2 Competitor Analysis

4.4.3 Financial Analysis

4.4.4 Industry Performance

4.4.5 Demand Segments

4.4.6 Market Prospects

4.5.1 Major Components of Transformer

4.5.2 Market Analysis

4.5.3 Competitor Analysis

4.5.4 Financial Analysis

4.5.5 Growth in Market Size

4.5.6 Prospective Clients

4.5.7 Business Risk

4.6.1 Types of Energy Meter

4.6.2 Competitor Analysis

4.6.3 Industry Performance

4.6.4 Market Prospects

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES

Increasing Imports: A Major Challenge

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Switchgears & Controls

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

Figure 1: Per Capita Yearly Electricity Consumption

Figure 2: Trend in Transmission Line Growth