Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
100007
2008
A single optical lens has one fixed lens magnification only. To get different
lens magnification, those equipments above must use several lenses and either exchange
lenses or change the distances among the lenses.
controlling the liquid amount via a computer program. The variable magnification
liquid lens can be used in teaching physical courses about convex lenses in the junior
high schools or elementary schools.
[1]
Philips
FluidFocus [2]
1.
2.
3.
1 1
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
(PVDC )
(PVC
)
Robolab
MSDS
40, 45 mm)10 ml
10 ml
( 35mm 1mm)O
1.
2.
3.
()
1.
2.
3.
[3]
4.
( 1.1 )
1.1
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
()
1.1
1.1
** : X:
1.1
1.2
1.3 1.3.I
1.3.II
1.3.III
1.2 9
/
1.2
II
III
1.3
1.2
()
1.
(1).
(2).
a.
( 2.1 )
b.
c.
d.
a.
d.
b.
2.1
c.
10
2.
(1) 2.1
(2)
(3) ()
(4)
(5) ()
( 2.1 )
3.
2.1
7
2.1
** : : :
11
()
1.
(1).
7 9 x 2 cm
(2). 8.1 x 1.2 cm ( 2.2 )
(3). ( 2.3 )
(4).
12
2.2
2.3
2.4
13
2.
(1)
(2) 2.5
2.5
14
2.6
2.7
(
2.6 )
15
2.2
98.0
97.0
97.0
92.0
87.0
51.0
95.0
96.0
1
1
4
5
6
3
2
6.0/10.1
4.1
5.6/10.0
4.4
1
5.5/10.9
5.4
5
5.8/10.8
5
4
5.5/10.9
5.4
5
3.6/12.8
9.2
6
5.8/10.4
4.6
3
5.9/10.4
4.5
2
100
80
60
40
20
2.8
()
()
16
1.
(1). 7
(2). 0.1
(3).
2.
(1) 2.2 2.6 2.7
( 2.5 )
(2) 2.2 2.9
(3) 2.2
10
sec
8
6
4
2
0
2.9
17
()
F kx
F x k F
k F / x k
[4]
1.
(1). 10 x 2 cm 4cm(
2.10 )
(2).
( 2.11 )
(3). 100200300400500 gw
(4).
(5). (2)~(4)
(6).
18
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.
(1) 2.3 2.13
(2) 2.4
(3) 2.4
2.3
( cm / cm)
100 gw
200 gw
300 gw
400 gw
500 gw
(cm)
0.4 / 0
1.0 / 0
1.5 / 0.1
2.1 / 0.15
2.0 / 0.4
7.1
0.1 / 0
0.1 / 0
0.2 / 0
0.4 / 0
0/0
0/0
0.1 / 0
0.3 / 0
0.2 /
--
0.2
0.7 / 0
2.5 / 0.4
3.2 / 0.4
10.3
0.7 / 0
8.4 / 0.5
12.4 / 0.5
28
2.8 / 0
7.3 / 0
9.8 / 0
15.0
11.0 / 3.5
13.5 / 4
15.4
4.6 / 0
6.7 / 0
19
0.6
2.5
0.5
0.4
1.5
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
500
400
500
400
500
Force (g)
Force (g)
F=190X
F=1250X
0.2
3.5
3
0.15
2.5
2
0.1
1.5
1
0.05
0.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
Force (g)
300
Force (g)
14
F=2500X
12
12
10
10
8
6
6
4
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
100
200
Force (g)
F=357X
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
Force (g)
300
Force (g)
F=37X
2.13
20
F=51X
2.4
(gw/cm)
(gw)
190
1250
---
2500
357
51
37
300
> 500
400
200
200
> 500
100
()
()
1.
(1)
(2)
(3) (1)~(2)
(4)
2.
(1) 2.3
(2) 2.4
(3) 2.4
21
2.4
(gw / cm)
190
1250
--2500
357
51
37
(cm)
7.1
1
0.2
10.3
28
15.0
15.4
(gw)
1349
1250
400
25750
9996
765
570
()
2.5
()
2.5
2.5
1
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
5
4
5
6
3
2
3
5
7
6
4
2
1
3
1
2
4
4
1
5
22
3
4
7
1
2
5
6
13
22
32
31
34
20
20
1
3
5
4
6
2
2
1.
2.
1.
(1)
(2) MSDS
(3) MSDS
2.
(1)
(2) MSDS
()() 3.1
(3) 3.1
23
3.1
C2H5OC2H5
CH3COCH3
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C19H16
0.7135
0.785
0.79
0.789
0.86
0.92
1.00
1.260
1.263
1.484
1.594
0.877
1.3538
1.3593
1.3290
1.3618
1.4721
1.4763
1.3330
1.4730
1.6276
1.4467
1.4607
1.5012
H2 O
C3H8O3
CS2
CHCl3
CCl4
C6H6
()
35
82.3
64.7
78.4
154
100
290
46.3
61
76.5
80
170
399
385
363
253
-45
12
12
13
35
-30
498
-11
()
[3]
[3]()
24
1.
4.1
1.
(1) 4.1
(2) 4.1 ( 1.333)
( 1.473)(>53.2 cm)
(<31.9 cm)(
)(
)
(3) 100cm 50 cm
4.1
25
4.1
(cm)
2.1
10.6
21.3
31.9
42.6
53.2
63.8
74.5
85.1
95.7
1.30
1.32
1.34
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.49
N/3.00
N/2.95
N/2.95
N/2.95
N/2.90
N/2.90
N/2.90
N/2.90
N/2.85
N/2.85
N/2.75
N/2.65
N/2.65
N/2.6
N/2.6
N/2.55
N/2.55
N/2.55
N/2.50
N/2.50
N/2.40
N/2.45
N/2.45
N/2.30
N/2.30
N/2.25
N/2.25
N/2.25
N/2.20 12.50/2.20
N/2.20 12.50/2.15 11.75/2.10 10.90/2.05 10.05/2.05 9.35/2.00 8.70/1.95 8.15/1.90 7.65/1.90 7.20/1.90
9.65/1.00 8.65/1.90 7.95/1.85 7.25/1.80 6.65/1.80 6.05/1.75 5.75/1.7 5.30/1.65 4.85/1.60 4.55/1.55
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
X/
** p/qpq
** N ;
X
()
10 ml
4.2
26
1.
(1) ( 10, 12, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 mm)
10
(2) ()
(3)
(4) (
4.2 )
(5)
(6) ( 4.3 )
4.2
27
4.3
2.
(1)
(2)
(3) 30 mm
30 mm
(4) 4.4
(1) e (mm) q
(c.c.)
e 0.589 2.125 q
(1)
(5) e 4.5 rd
13 mm
28
r 2 (r e) 2 (rd ) 2
4.5
2er e 2 rd
2
e 2 rd
2e
(2)
e r r 2 rd
(3)
(1)(2)
e 2 rd
r
rd
[e d ] / 2 r 0.589 2.125 q
2e
e
0.589 2.125 q
2
r r 2 rd 0.589
(4)
(5)
2.125
(4)(5) q r
(4)(5)
14
y = -0.58929 + 2.125x R= 0.99416
12
10
8
6
4
2
(mm)
0
(ml)
4.4
29
e
D
r
4.5
( 5.1 )
1.
(1)
(2) 0()30456090()120135150
180 ()( 5.2 )
30
2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
5.1
31
5.2
(1)
( 6.1 )
(2)
( 6.2 )
(3) 6.3
()
32
6.1
6.3
6.2
1.
(1)
(2)
1.
(1) 6.1 6.2
(2)
33
(3)
(4)
(5)
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.4
34
6.5
6.6
1.
(1).
(2).
2.
(1) 7.1
(2) 7.2
35
7.1
7.2
(3) 7.3
7.3
7.4
(4)
( 7.5 )
(5)
10 ( 7.6 )
36
7.3
7.4
7.5
37
7.6
14
(6)
7.7
(7) 7.8
( 7.9 )
(8)
( 7.10a )( 7.10a
) 20 (
)
7.7
38
7.8
7.9
(a)
(b) 12
7.10
39
()
6.5 6.6
1.
(1) 6.5 6.6 6.5
(a)
(b)
8.1
(c)
40
()
1.
(1) LabVIEW NI USB-6008
2.
(1) 8.2(4)(5)
8.2
41
(2)
(3)
9.1 r rd
dx e
e
D
r
9.1
42
dx = rd dx rd dx
2
2
2
rd r 2 x 2 rd = rd (r 2 x 2 )
x f r
Vd =
dx
x0
x f r
(r
Vd
x ) dx
2
x0
x f r
2
dx
x0
x f r
0
x 2 ) dx
dx] [r
x0
[r x x
2
(r
x0
x f r
x f r
x3
x f r
2
x f r
dx x
x0
dx]
x0
x f r
] [r 2 ( x f x0 ) ( x f x0 ) / 3]
3
x0
e
2
Vd (3e 2 rd )
2
(6)
(1) q
Vd q Vd
9.2 q Vd e
9.2 q e Vd e
q Vd q Vd
q Vd
43
16
dq
Vd
mm^3
12
0
0
9.2
(mm)
10
12
14
q Vd e
( 7.10b
)
1
2
44
45
1.
http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1405122714940
2.
http://www.research.philips.com/technologies/light_dev_microsys/fluidfocus/
3.
http://www.phys.ncku.edu.tw/~optlab/modernoptics/fiber%202/modulator.htm
4.
46
47