MB Recycling Strategy 2014

Recycling and Waste Reduction:
A Discussion Paper
Part of:
This discussion paper supports the implementation of TomorrowNow Manitobas Green

Plan, an eight year strategy for mobilizing Manitobans to work together to protect the
environment while ensuring a prosperous and environmentally-conscious economy. In
addition to the proposed actions outlined in this document, the province has other
initiatives underway to ensure we protect the environment and sustainably manage our
natural resources now, for tomorrow.
Manitobas goal is to be one of the most sustainable places to live.
Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction................................................................................. 4
HOW DOES MANITOBA MEASURE UP?............................................ 5
targets and timelines.................................................................. 6
LEADING BY EXAMPLE...................................................................... 7
Organic Waste............................................................................... 9
Divert 100,000 Tonnes of Organic Waste
Full Landfill Ban on Organic Waste
Working with the ICI Sector
Manitoba Composts
Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste.......... 12
Keeping Valuable Products out of the Landfill
Working with Industry Partners
Improved Standards
Landfill Ban on CR&D Waste
Made in Manitoba Solutions
Extended Producer Responsibility........................................ 13
Ambitious Recycling Targets
PHASE II BEVERAGE CONTAINER TARGETS
Taking Action on New Materials
MATERIAL Disposal Bans
Encouraging Local Processing
Buy Local
Recycling in Quick-Service Restaurants and

Convenience Stores
Encouraging Innovative Packaging Design
Hard-to-Recycle Products....................................................... 16
RETAIL CARRY OUT PLASTIC BAGS
Addressing Other Hard to Recycle Products
RESPONDING TO Floods and Other NATURAL DISASTERS, AND
EMERGENCIES
Northern and Remote Areas................................................... 18
Waste Diversion Everywhere
Enhancing Recycling Services
LANDFILL TRANSFORMATION......................................................... 19
Landfill Disposal Bans
Finding Alternatives to Landfills
REGIONAL ZERO WASTE PLANNING
FURTHER RESTRICTIONS ON BURNING OF WASTE
Landfill Mapping
Reducing Manitobas Landfills
Crackdown on Dumping
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO RECYCLE
Benefits of Waste Reduction.................................................. 22
Fighting Climate Change
BOOSTING MANITOBAS GREEN ECONOMY
Improve Regional Recycling Services

Institutional, Commercial and Industrial Waste............. 15
Waste Characterization
Stewarding More Materials
Reducing Waste from Quick-Service Restaurants
Lets Do Better!............................................................................ 26
Measuring Progress to Ensure Success
Manitobas Ultimate Goal Zero Waste
Engagement ................................................................................ 28
INTRODUCTION
Manitoba has made great strides to prevent and recycle waste.
Municipalities, industries, businesses, institutions and the public
have all embraced waste prevention and recycling, helping to
reduce the amount of solid waste going to landfill. Since the early
1990s, Manitoba has decreased the amount of waste going to
landfills by about 15%, while the population has grown by 14%. In
addition, Manitobas waste diversion practices are improving as a
result of the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility
programs, the Waste Reduction and Pollution Prevention (WRAPP)
Fund, the Waste Reduction and Recycling Support Landfill Levy
(WRARS) and the recent launch of the Manitoba Composts
Program. Manitoba also has one the most successful Blue Box
programs in Canada as recognized in 2013 by the Canadian
Stewardship Services Alliance - with Manitoba recycling 68.7
kilograms per person.
Year over year, Manitobas Producer Responsibility Organizations
(PROs) are reporting increases in the amount of designated
materials being diverted from landfill sites. PROs are non-profit,
industry associations designated by industry stewards to support
and extend the environmental responsibility to manage
designated waste materials and operate recycling programs.
Over 108 million kilograms of material was diverted in 2012 or
approximately 90 kilograms of material per Manitoban. Successes
for 2013 include:
83,703 tonnes of residential blue box materials recycled from
185 municipalities
13.6 million litres of used oil and 323,700 litres of antifreeze fluid
recovered
3,026 tonnes of e-waste collected for recycling from 57

collection sites
61% of empty beverage containers recovered and close to
40,000 recycling bins placed across the province in partnership
with municipalities; industrial, commercial and institutional
facilities; government buildings; and other public spaces
283,804 litres of paint and household hazardous waste collected
from 21 year-round municipal and private collection sites and 60
return to retail sites
14,713 tonnes of used/scrap tires collected from 1,460 sites
ns
ita
29
70
89
31
33
99
70
97
52
87
How does Manitoba measure up?

Despite our efforts, there is still much work to be done to make
Manitoba a national leader in recycling and waste management
practices. According to the most recent Statistics Canada report,
Manitoba continues to dispose of more waste than most provinces
(see Fig. 1). In addition, the amount of waste Manitobans send to
landfills continues to be above the national average of 730

kilograms/capita, and internationally, Canada consistently ranks
behind other industrialized countries on waste diversion.
Figure 1 - Waste Disposal Per Capita Comparisons
2010 Waste Disposal Per Capita Comparisons

British Columbia
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland and Labrador
Canada
Kgs per Capita 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Waste Management Industry Survey: Business and Government Sectors, 2010

(Statistics Canada, August 2013)
TARGETS AND TIMELINES

Lets aim to cut Manitobas per capita waste in half
from 840 kg in 2013 to 420 kg by 2020. This is an
ambitious, but achievable goal that will require the
combined efforts of government, industry and
individuals.
Our ultimate goal is to become a zero
waste society
This discussion paper proposes, for feedback, approaches and
actions that will ensure continued environmental protection in the
following priority areas while bolstering Manitobas green
economy:
o Organic waste
o Construction, renovation and demolition waste
o Extended producer responsibility
o Institutional, commercial and industrial waste
o Hard to recycle products
o Northern and remote areas
o Landfill transformation
The actions proposed in this discussion document will produce

the following key outcomes:
1. Zero Waste we aim to ultimately reach zero waste in

Manitoba. Zero waste is also a guiding design philosophy for
eliminating waste at source and all points down the supply chain.
2. Cutting Waste in Half we can reduce our waste to

420 kg/person by 2020.
3. Green Jobs about 450 green jobs in the waste sector can
be created.
4. Fighting Climate Change a significant amount of our

greenhouse gas emissions come from landfills. The actions
proposed in this discussion document will reduce overall
emissions by an amount equal to taking 71,000 cars off the road.
Your feedback on the actions proposed in this discussion

document will play a critical role in ensuring that we
achieve our key outcomes.
Leading by Example: Reducing Governments Ecological Footprint

The Manitoba government is already leading by example by greening government through:

Collecting single use and rechargeable batteries and recycling beverage containers in government offices.
Green Office Program creating staff awareness and taking action to reduce our financial and environmental footprints.
Green Procurement using recycled content products.
Parks and Highway Rest Stops establishing recycling and household hazardous waste collection services in campgrounds.
Greening the Legislature providing recycling and composting services.
Banning plastic water bottles in government buildings.
Future activities will include:

Piloting a program that will aim to reduce paper and toner use by 15% in participating offices. The pilot will be expanded
government-wide by 2015.
Piloting a recycling enhancement program in select offices and developing a strategy for enhancing recycling across
government, including provincial parks.
All waste bins at the Legislature and on the legislature grounds, Memorial Park and the surrounding area will be replaced
with dual stream waste and recycling bins.
Extending the Bottled Water Ban to Crown Corporations.
Eliminating the use of polystyrene food and beverage containers in government buildings and mandating the use of
certified compostable packaging by 2020.
Further investigation and research of a polystyrene product use ban and recycling options will be pursued.
Future procurement efforts will focus on elimination of non-recyclable products and the purchase of products that contain
recycled content or are less toxic to the environment.
Starting in 2015, New York City will prohibit restaurants, food carts and stores from selling or providing single-use cups,
clamshells and trays, made from a type of thermoplastic petrochemical called expanded polystyrene unless it can be
recycled in an environmentally effective, economically feasible and safe way. Peanut-shaped packing material will also be
subject to this ban.
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7
Waste Reduction Hierarchy

Reduce
Reducing waste is the most cost effective
waste management option in the long-term.
20%
30%
Residential
Re-use
50%
ICI
This involves items being used again for the

same or different purposes.
CRD
BC Waste Analysis (2006)
Recycling
Value should be recovered through recycling,
composting, refining, or other processes
where appropriate.
Industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) waste is

approximately 50-to 60% of total waste.
TYPICAL CONTENT OF RESIDENTIAL WASTE IN CANADA
40%
Disposal
organic materials
Landfilling may be needed when other options

are not feasible.
10%
bulky goods
10%
other materials
Reducing or eliminating waste altogether is the highest

preference in the waste reduction hierarchy - Manitobas
challenge is to work towards reversing the current waste profile
and ultimately work towards a zero waste society.
40%
recyclable materials
FCM, Getting to 50% and Beyond (2009)
Organic material is the highest proportion of waste material

landfilled (30% - 40%).
ORGANIC WASTE
Forty per cent of our residential waste and
30% of industrial, commercial and institutional
waste is estimated to be organic material that
could be composted.
The organic waste we generate is mostly leaf and yard
waste, food waste, and wood waste. Composting organic
waste produces a useable product that can improve the
physical structure of soil, restore nutrients and water to the
soil, and add biological diversity. Compost can reduce
reliance on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation,
thereby reducing energy consumption. Keeping organic
waste out of landfill reduces the production of methane, a
potent greenhouse gas that has a global warming
potential 21 times greater than carbon dioxide.
Currently there are 53 composting sites across Manitoba
with the majority managed by municipalities and only
collecting leaf and yard waste. However, two municipalities
also collect curbside residential food waste and six
commercial facilities collect food waste from the industrial,
commercial and institutional (ICI) sector. Manitobas overall
diversion is estimated at 35,000 tonnes, representing 10%
of the total organic material generated province-wide.
Food Recovery Hierarchy

FOOD WASTE REDUCTION - Prevent food waste before it is
created by avoiding over producing, purchasing and preparing, reduce preparation

waste by using all edible components, find secondary uses for excess, and
implement proper cooking and handling techniques to reduce spoilage of food.
FOOD BANK DONATION - Seek facilities that can accept edible

food for human consumption when excess food has been purchased, prepared,
or produced.
INDUSTRIAL FOOD PROCESSOR - Seek facilities that can

accept unused components of edible food for human consumption to create a
new food product.
ANIMAL FEED - Seek agricultural facilities or industrial animal feed

producers facilities that can accept food or fibre that is acceptable for animals
but not suitable for human consumption.
COMPOSTING - Divert food waste to your residential or community
composter or a licensed composting facility that can process food waste to
produce compost.
LANDFILL - Disposal of food waste in landfills should only be considered

if all other options are unacceptable for food waste.
Based on the US EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy
Food waste is organic residue generated by the processing, handling, storage,

sale, preparation, cooking and serving of foods.
Food waste reduction or prevention is a strategy for preventing food waste
before it is created. Reducing food waste through source reduction or
donating to food banks, shelters or as animal feed are alternatives to
composting and should be used where appropriate. Residential as well as
industrial, commercial, and institutional food service providers can adopt
this approach to improve management of this waste stream.
ORGANIC WASTE
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:
3. Working with the ICI Sector - Work with the
Diversion of organic materials is essential to reaching Manitobas

diversion targets. Manitoba could divert 100,000 tonnes of
organic waste annually from landfill by 2020 - this is equivalent to
diverting over 15,000 garbage trucks from landfill each year.
Diverting 100,000 tonnes of organic waste (60% food waste, 40%
leaf and yard) will reduce greenhouse gas emissions from waste
by 59,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).
industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sectors, including

food processors, groceries, hotels, and restaurants to promote
best composting practices; provide financial incentives and other
assistance for composting operations, facility enhancement and
equipment purchases; enable organic waste research, training,
promotion and market development; and enhance food waste
reduction and prevention initiatives. We will work with Green
Action Centre and other community groups to explore food waste
reduction initiatives.
2. Full Landfill Ban on Organic Waste - Institute a
4. Manitoba Composts - Incentives offered under the
1. Divert 100,000 Tonnes of Organic Waste -
full organics landfill ban from the residential and industrial

commercial, and institutional sectors by 2020. Organic waste is
the largest waste stream in Manitoba. Diverting organic waste
from landfills would significantly reduce Manitobas per capita
waste disposal by 2020 and enable Manitoba to achieve its waste
reduction goal.
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recently launched Manitoba Composts Program will help

Manitobans achieve organic material diversion levels of
85 kg/person, exceeding the Canadian national average of
68 kg/person.
Figure 2Figure
- Total2Organics
Diverted Diverted
- Total Organics
Organic Waste Diverted (Tonnes)
300,000
250,000
Canada
Year
Manitoba
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Canada
Manitoba
(1,000 Tonnes)
(Tonnes)
1996
57,677
37,193
1998
110,029
2000
98,079
4,398
2002
117,079
16,261
2005
166,915
20,995
2006
200,646
12,490
2008
243,922
2010
221,248
19,672
*Canada data is normalized
Year
Waste Management Industry Survey: Business and Government Sectors, 2010 (Statistics Canada, August 2013)
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CONSTRUCTION, RENOVATION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

Building Momentum
5. Made in Manitoba solutions - Invest in research
Construction, renovation and demolition (CR&D) waste is the

second largest component of the waste stream in Manitoba,
representing an estimated 20 30% of our total waste. Manitoba
must pursue the diversion and reuse of CR&D waste from landfill
and proposes diverting 100,000 tonnes of CR&D waste from
landfill by 2020. Regionalized approaches to managing these
kinds of waste can be helpful.
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. Keeping Valuable Products out of the Landfill Provide financial and other incentives for research and initiatives
that demonstrate that there is significant potential to keep wood
and other CR&D waste out of landfills. The Waste Reduction and
Pollution Prevention (WRAPP) Fund and WRARS program could
provide grant funding for projects to ensure success.
2. Working with industry partners - Work with

industry partners to implement best management practices and
expand recycling of CR&D materials into value added products.
Diverting CR&D products, such as drywall/gypsum board, wood,
steel, concrete, asphalt, and shingles from landfill offers increased
economic benefits and avoids landfill-related costs. We could also
establish mandatory recycling and source separation for large
scale demolition and construction sites by 2020.
3. Improved standards - Expand the provincial Green

Building Policy to ensure that CR&D waste is diverted from
provincially-funded building projects.
and development to investigate, design and develop best

management practices and local processing capabilities to
increased diversion of CR&D materials from disposal.
Examples of Green Businesses that use waste to

create local economic development and green jobs
in Manitoba
Manitoba Producer Responsibility Organizations
(organizations that are responsible for managing designated
waste materials such as tires, oil, packaging and paper, etc.)
invested over $37 million dollars in Manitoba last year to
properly dispose, manage and recycle designated waste
products. Those funds are expended here in Manitoba, which
leads to local economic development and sustainable green
jobs for staff coordinators, collectors, depot operators,
processors/manufacturers, and the transport industry.
Antex Western recently piloted an innovative soil stabilizer for
clay subgrade made from recycled CR&D waste in the
construction of a multi-use trail along Bishop Grandin
Boulevard in Winnipeg. The soil stabilizer is expected to
reduce heaving and cracking in the trail, reducing the need for
maintenance and repair. Greenhouse gas emissions and landfill
costs will also be reduced by replacing raw materials with
CR&D waste materials. This pilot project is just one example of
the many potential innovative uses for CR&D materials such as
crushed glass, carpet fibre, bio-fibre (flax, hemp) that would
otherwise go to landfill.
4. Landfill ban on CR&D waste - CR&D materials could

be banned from landfill by 2020 this would reduce Manitobas
ecological footprint, while also helping to cut our waste in half.
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EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) engages industry to
pursue the most efficient and feasible waste reduction option for
each material while achieving environmental standards.
Manitobas EPR program is grounded on the polluter pays
principle by shifting the waste management burden from
governments (e.g. municipalities) and taxpayers to a products
producers and consumers, while reducing the amount of waste
going to disposal. A products end-of-life management should
take into consideration economic and societal costs to encourage
manufacturers to improve product reusability and recyclability with
sustainability as the overall goal.
Manitoba has established 13 EPR programs to recycle used oil, oil
filters, and oil containers, antifreeze, tires, beverage containers,
packaging and printed paper, farm chemical containers, single use
and rechargeable batteries, lead-acid batteries, mercury
thermostats, electronic equipment, and cell phones. EPR
programs are managed by a network of Producer Responsibility
Organizations (PROs). In 2012 these successful industry-operated
programs invested more than $37 million in province-wide
recycling systems and diverted over 108 million kilograms of
waste material from landfill. (To learn more about the EPR
programming in Manitoba, visit www.greenmanitoba.ca/pros/).
Government will work with industry to set Phase II targets for

future years based on the biggest needs and opportunities at that
time. Conduct a review regarding the management of liquor
beverage containers.
3. Taking action on new materials Consult with

industry stewards on the best approaches for managing additional
materials through EPR programming in the future. Materials from
the industrial, commercial and institutional sector, and other hard
to recycle products are also candidates for EPR programs (see
feature item on page 14 for details). Future EPR programming
could help identify opportunities for local economic growth and
enhanced environmental protection. Manitoba could also work to
enhance end-of-life vehicle management.
4. MATERIAL disposal bans Phase-in disposal bans of

products and materials currently managed under Manitobas
EPR programs.
5. ENCOURAGING LOCAL PROCESSING Develop a
processing incentive fund to encourage local material processing.
Work with Manitoba Jobs and the Economy and PROs to maximize
incentives for local processing of recyclable materials.
6. BUY LOCAL Identify opportunities for Manitoba
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. Ambitious recycling targets In collaboration with
the PROs and their industry partners, recycling targets could be
established for various products to increase recycling by 2020.
2. PHASE II Beverage Container Targets Beverage

container recovery is on track to achieve the government
mandated 75% recovery target for all beverage containers sold in
Manitoba by December 2016. This province-wide target is based
on typical beverage container deposit-system recovery rates for
similar containers. When the recovery rate has been achieved,
government agencies and crown corporations to purchase and

use locally processed products manufactured from waste such as
scrap tires and shingles.
7. IMPROVE REGIONAL RECYCLING SERVICES Increase

recovery of blue box materials by a determined amount to
achieve, for example an overall 75% recovery level. Multi-Material
Stewardship Manitoba (MMSM), municipalities, communities and
local collectors and processors could be encouraged to improve
regional recycling services and material handling efficiencies.
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MATERIALS TO BE ADDRESSED BY FUTURE EPR APPROACHES

The next steps in Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) may include the development of new EPR programming for
materials not yet covered in Manitoba. Where possible, these materials will be handled within the existing EPR network to
reduce duplication of efforts. These could include materials identified in Phase 2 of CCMEs Canada-Wide Action Plan on
Extended Producer Responsibility, materials covered by programs in other jurisdictions, and materials that have been
identified as gaps in current programming, such as:
a) Single use pressurized containers, foam insulation, refillable propane and halocarbon cylinders
b) Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors
c) Mattresses and box springs
d) Commercial lights (CFLs and tubes, LED, UHP and HID, and Fixtures, light ballasts)
e) Carpet and synthetic flooring
f) Corded and battery powered products (lawn mowers, vacuums, pressure washers, and blowers)
g) Drywall and wall board
h) Appliances containing refrigerant (refrigerators, portable room air conditioners,
water coolers, dehumidifiers)
i) Asphalt shingles
j) Small appliances, tools, and sports equipment (food processors, bread makers, steamers,
air purifiers, hair dryers, shavers, power tools, exercise equipment and sewing machines)
k) Veterinary products and sharps
l) Medical sharps
m) Agricultural plastics (grain bags, bale wrap, twine and netting)
n) Ink cartridges and toners
o) Landscape and horticultural plastics
p) Disposable food service materials such as single use coffee & beverage cups.
Manitoba will build on the

success of existing recycling
programs by expanding recycling
of blue box materials and single
use camping propane bottles to
all campgrounds by 2018.
Mother Earth Recycling (MER) is a Winnipeg-based social enterprise, whose mission is to provide responsible high quality
recycling services while providing training and employment opportunities to the aboriginal community. MER has identified
the recycling of used mattresses and box springs as a potential business opportunity within its existing operations. In
2014, Manitobas Waste Reduction and Pollution Prevention (WRAPP) Fund supported a feasibility study for MER to look
at the viability of providing this service. Manitoba will continue to work with MER to develop a mattress recycling operation.
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INSTITUTIONAL, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE

The top waste generating sources in the institutional, commercial
and industrial (ICI) sector include restaurants, retail,
manufacturing, health care, offices and institutions including
schools. Non-hazardous waste materials that make up the highest
volume of waste going to landfill in this sector include paper and
packaging, such as cardboard boxes, food and yard waste,
plastics, metals and glass. To increase the diversion of ICI waste,
we must work with waste generators to identify opportunities and
programs and policies needed to achieve the highest levels of
diversion in this sector.
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. Waste Characterization Undertake a study to
identify the composition and quantities of ICI waste going to
Manitoba landfills. A study is currently underway to better define
the waste stream composition in Manitoba government buildings.
2. Stewarding more materials - Expand the materials

that are currently managed by PROs to include those produced by
the ICI sector. Establish mandatory recycling and source
separation for large scale ICI facilities including malls, institutions,
restaurants, hospitals, hotels and office buildings by 2020.
3. Reducing waste from quick-service

restaurants - Single use non-recyclable beverage containers
explore ways of partnering with retailers to encourage consumers

to purchase beverages in reusable cups, such as an awareness
campaign; continued work with the Canadian Council of Ministers
of the Environment (CCME) to reduce packaging waste; and
collaboration with industry on improving recycling and
composting of these products.
4. RECYCLING IN QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANTS AND

CONVENIENCE STORES - Manitobans should have the same
access to recycling in fast food restaurants and convenience stores
as they do at home. Manitoba could for example, mandate that
fast food restaurants and convenience stores have recycling
facilities in all locations by 2020.
5. Encouraging innovative packaging design Canadian industry is constantly trying to improve the sustainability
of consumer product packaging while protecting the packaged
contents from damage. Manitoba has worked with other
Canadian jurisdictions through the Canadian Council of Ministers
of the Environment (CCME) and with the Packaging Association of
Canadas PAC Next program, to continue to optimize the
packaging that Canadians see on store shelves. The province
could work with these partners to encourage innovation in
packaging that improves recyclability, reduces waste, and
provides consumers with more sustainable choices.
and plastic foam take-out coffee cups are a highly visible and
frustrating source of litter. While Canadian companies work to
develop new containers that are more easily recycled and/or
composted, Manitoba recognizes that the responsibility to reduce
waste also lies in the hands of consumers. The province could
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Hard-to-Recycle Products
Manitobans are faced with a dilemma of what to do with a variety
of products and materials that are difficult to recycle. Manitobans
want alternatives to disposing of these items in landfills. We must
work with the public and industry partners to find solutions.
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. RETAIL CARRY OUT PLASTIC BAGS In 2010, Manitoba
set a target to reduce the use of retail carry out plastic bags by
50% within five years. Manitobans have made tremendous
progress to date but more still needs to be done. We will work
with industry partners to achieve a higher target for reduction by
2020. While carry out plastic bags are considered a hard-torecycle product because they need to be separated from other
recyclables, there are many convenient and effective options for
consumers to properly recycle carry out plastic bags. Some have
called for plastic bags to be phased out. But what might be the
unintended consequences from phasing out the use of carry out
plastic bags? Many Manitobans reuse retail carry out plastic bags
to collect waste at home. Would phasing out carry out plastic
bags result in heavier household plastic garbage bags ending up
in Manitoba landfill instead, for example? Would the result be
that even more plastic ends up going to landfill? What if less
harmful alternatives are developed? Other unintended
consequences must also be considered.
2. Addressing other hard-to-recycle products

Consideration should be given to providing financial incentives for
research, pilot projects and demonstrations led by municipalities,
business, recycling centres and non-profit agencies to address
hard-to-recycle products and keep them out of landfills. Many
consumer products are comprised of a variety of different
materials, which present challenges for recycling. In the case of
child car seats, for example, the plastic, metal and fabric
components must be dismantled and separated before the
individual products can be recycled. The public and other
stakeholders have identified a variety of products that they
would like to see recycled, including:

child car seats

plastic furniture and toys
windows and other glass
pie plates and foil
polystyrene trays and boxes, shipping and transport packaging,
and plastic film
video cassettes
CDs and DVDs
disposable diapers.
3. RESPONDING TO FLOODS and other Natural

Disasters, and Emergencies Work with Manitoba
Emergency Measures Organization to develop a disaster waste
management and recycling plan for solid and hazardous waste for
materials damaged in floods and other natural disaster, and
emergencies.
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Single Use Carry Out PLASTIC BAGS ACTIVITIES TO DATE

In 2010, Manitoba set a target to reduce the use of single-use carry out plastic bags by 50% within five years. As
reported by Multi-Material Stewardship Manitoba (MMSM), a 46.7% reduction has already been achieved through a
variety of efforts, including education and awareness; advertising; promotional events; handing out re-useable bags;
and school plastic bag challenges. In 2013, MMSM announced the results of Bag-up Manitoba Plastic Bag Roundup
Challenge, a Take Pride Winnipeg! program. Manitoba students collected and recycled 1.3 million single-use carry out
plastic bags. In addition, MMSM residential waste composition studies show consumers are re-using over 50% of the
carry out plastic bags they bring home.
A few Manitoba municipalities have introduced by-laws to reduce the use of single-use carry out plastic bags: Town of
Leaf Rapids (2007), Town of Snow Lake (2010), City of Thompson (2010), and Town of Lynn Lake (2011). Retailers take
the bags back, sell re-useable bags, charge a fee for each plastic bag, offer rebates when you bring your own bag, and
promote compostable and/or biodegradable bags.
Other jurisdictions have taken the approach of banning plastic bags in select circumstances. Most recently, the State of
California enacted a statewide ban on plastic bags in stores of a certain size, beginning in 2015. Stores that offer
customers recycled paper bags or bags made of compostable material must charge at least 10 cents. All funds
collected are to be retained by the store and may be used only for the following purposes: (a) Costs associated with
complying with the requirements; (b) Actual costs of providing recycled paper bags or reusable grocery bags; and (c)
Costs associated with a stores educational materials or educational campaign encouraging the use of reusable grocery
bags. Additional requirements are set out for certification of reusable bags and mandatory recycling.
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NORTHERN AND REMOTE AREAS

All Manitobans deserve access to recycling and diversion
programs. Northern per capita recovery rates for recyclable
materials are lower than province-wide recovery rates because of
the difficulties in getting recycled materials and recovered
products such as electronics or end-of-life vehicles to markets in
the south.
2. Enhancing recycling services Make drop-off

locations more accessible and enhance eco-depot systems in
northern and remote communities. Ensure Producer Responsibility
Organization (PRO) program priorities include northern and
remote communities and resources are invested in eco-depot
development.
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. Waste diversion everywhere - Work with partners to
enhance northern waste diversion and recycling systems and
develop solutions for getting valuable materials to market. The
province could continue to share ideas with other jurisdictions
through the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
(CCME), where northern and remote waste management issues
are a topic of concern. Manitoba will also build upon the work
being done in Aboriginal and Northern Affairs (ANA) communities
and First Nation communities to enhance recycling and
composting programs, set up waste transfer stations, and develop
regional recycling and waste diversion services.
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LANDFILL TRANSFORMATION
Why landfill disposal bans?
A landfill disposal ban would result in higher diversion
rates and increased economic activity for mandatory
source-separated recycling services. It would
complement existing product stewardship programs
and the WRARS landfill levy program. More
importantly, a material disposal ban will encourage
diversion of recyclable materials. A landfill material
ban can also stimulate the development of Manitoba
based processing and recycling facilities for
stewardship program materials, construction,
renovation and demolition waste and other hard-torecycle products.
Some municipalities have taken the initiative to
introduce by-laws to ban corrugated cardboard and
other materials from landfill. Some municipalities
discourage disposal of corrugated cardboard through
penalties and higher tipping fees. The WRARS levy
has also encouraged more municipalities and
businesses to recycle old corrugated cardboard and
commercial wastes.
Manitoba could take a new strategic approach to

our landfills that will increase resource recovery and
decrease the number of landfills in the Province.
Once waste is disposed in a landfill, it can take years for some
materials to decompose (See Trash Timeline). Waste reduction,
prevention and recycling activities keep waste out of the landfill
and have a positive impact on the local environment, economy
and quality of life.
OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

1. Landfill disposal bans - Bans could be phased-in and
targeted at recyclable, reusable and hazardous materials currently
under product stewardship management, as well other materials
that take up the most space in landfills, or generate the most
greenhouse gas emissions. This includes corrugated cardboard,
organic waste, wood waste and construction and demolition
waste.
2. Finding alternatives to landfills - Manitoba

could increasingly divert waste from landfill using a multi-pronged
approach. This approach would include the existing WRARS levy,
which has created an incentive for landfill owners to increase
diversion of materials through recycling; landfill disposal bans;
complementary programming; and infrastructure to support the
alternative treatment of waste. When viable recycling alternatives
are in place, landfill disposal bans could be placed on specific
wastes.
19
3. Regional ZERO Waste Planning - Introduce a

program to assist Manitoba municipalities, communities and First
Nations to develop regional zero waste plans. Several jurisdictions
in Canada have mandated regional waste planning and the
development of zero waste plans. There are several regional waste
systems operating in Manitoba. The provincial government could
mandate waste reduction planning by municipalities and
commercial enterprises. Good planning should include examining
regional and cooperative approaches. A regionalized waste
management service approach would allow for resources to be
pooled and costs to be shared among participating municipalities
and other partners.
4. Further Restrictions on Burning of Waste -
Benefits of Reduced Waste Going to Landfill

The Federation of Canadian Municipalities has identified
the following benefits of reduced waste going to landfill:
Economic Benefits
Fewer landfill sites are needed, saving the cost of
creating new landfills or transporting waste to more
distant landfills.
Diversion creates jobs: waste diversion, through
recycling or composting, creates more jobs per tonne
than landfilling.
Revenue can be generated from selling compost to
the community.
Implement restrictions on burning of waste under the Waste

Disposal Ground Regulation. Burning materials pollutes and is a
barrier to increased waste diversion and recycling of paper and
wood waste materials. New guidelines could be developed to
restrict burning of compostable and recyclable paper packaging
through a new landfill permit process.
Environmental Benefits
5. Landfill Mapping - Undertake a landfill mapping and
More land is available for agricultural and other uses.
data base project of all municipal, commercial and private

landfills, Waste Transfer Stations, composting and wood
processing sites, recycling facilities, and other waste diversion
sites for public access.
Reuse and recycling conserve resources.
Recycling uses less energy than disposal in a landfill and

manufacturing with recycled materials is more energyefficient than with virgin materials.
The greenhouse gases and toxins generated by landfills
and incineration are reduced.
Social Benefits
Reduced landfill usage improves quality of life in
adjacent communities and reduces the need for new
landfill sites.
Less reliance on landfills and incinerators reduces
pollutants and improves health.
Waste diversion encourages environmentally
sustainable behaviour.
20
6. Reducing Manitobas Landfills - There are 184

landfills receiving municipal solid waste throughout Manitoba.
Fifteen are class 1 landfills serving over 85% of Manitobas
population. Our goal is to reduce the number of landfills in the
province, starting by closing landfills in Manitobas provincial
parks while enhancing waste transfer and recycling opportunities.
Strategic investments could be made to convert landfills into
resource recovery transfer centres or eco-depots that are
more sustainable and efficient.
7. CRACKDOWN ON DUMPING Review regulations and

double maximum fines for illegal dumping to create disincentives
for improper waste management activities. This could include the

development of a TIP program app for the public to report
illegal dumping of waste.
8. FINANCIAL INCENTIVES TO RECYCLE - Disincentives to

reduce landfill waste have been a key tool used across Canada to
reduce waste and encourage recycling. An escalating, predictable
levy on materials delivered for disposal at landfill sites could be
phased in, starting in 2017 if needed, with 100% of the proceeds
going toward recycling and waste processing initiatives under the
Waste Reduction and Recycling Support (WRARS) Fund. Low
landfill tipping fees are a disincentive to recycling and must be
considered.
TRASH TIMELINE: It takes time for garbage to decompose in the environment

2-4 Wks
2-5 Wks
6 Wks
2 Mths
Newspaper
10-20 Yrs
Apple
Core
80-200 Yrs
450 Yrs
Aluminum
Can
Cigarette
Butt
Paper
Towel
Orange or
Banana
Peel
1-5 Yrs
Plastic
Bag
Plastic
Beverage
Bottle
1 million Yrs
Glass
Bottles &
Polystyrene
Information Source: U.S. National Park Service; Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL.
http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/documents/marine_debris.pdf
21
BENEFITS OF WASTE REDUCTION

Recycling and waste diversion result not only in
reduced waste going to landfill, but also in other
benefits that are harder to see, such as reduced
greenhouse gas emissions and green economic
growth.
Fighting Climate Change
Greenhouse gases are generated when waste containing organic
material is disposed in a landfill. As the waste begins to break
down, it generates landfill gas and causes gases to be released
into the atmosphere. Landfill gas consists of approximately 4060% methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and a mixture of other
gases. Both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases
but methane has a global warming potential 21 times that of
carbon dioxide. Of Canadas total methane emissions, it is
estimated that 26% comes from landfill gas (LFG) produced from
municipal landfill sites.
22
Significant GHG reductions can be achieved through reducing

waste in general, but diverting corrugated cardboard, for
example, will bring greater dividends. For every tonne of
corrugated cardboard that is recycled instead of being burned or
landfilled, 3.5 tonnes of CO2e are eliminated.
Research indicates that between 40 and 100 kilograms of
methane is produced from each tonne of waste disposed of at a
landfill. In 2013, Manitoba disposed of 960,000 tonnes of waste
at 184 active disposal sites. This translates into an estimated
825,000 tonnes of CO2e entering the atmosphere from waste
disposed.
The challenge of addressing climate change will require that we
strengthen the basic component activities that can contribute to
GHG reduction, including solid waste reduction and improved
waste management practices. Shifting public attitudes and
behaviour to establish more sustainable waste management
practices is needed. Addressing waste reduction and recycling as
components of Manitobas overall climate change strategy will
help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Flaring Landfill Gas

Burying waste in a landfill contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The waste breaks down, producing liquid and gaseous
emissions that can contaminate air and water and contribute to a changing climate. Collecting landfill gas and burning off the methane
in a flare system produces carbon dioxide and water vapour. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions and odours are reduced from the
landfills.
The Climate Change Emissions Reduction Act requires an operating landfill that has 750,000 tonnes or more of waste in place to
implement a plan to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In Manitoba, there are three such facilities:
City of Brandons Eastview Landfill,
City of Winnipegs Brady Road Resource Management Facility,
BFI Canada Inc. Prairie Green Landfill (located in the RM of Rosser)
Both Brandon and Winnipeg have active flare systems. This type of system operates by
a series of wells that are drilled into the landfill over a closed cell. A vacuum compressor
draws the landfill gas from the wells in underground piping to a blower where the gas is
blown to the flare, where it is combusted at extremely high temperatures. The system
monitors the amount, pressure and quality of gas captured.
The City of Brandons Eastview landfill flare system became operational in January
2012 with 14,400 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) removed in 2013. The
system is extracting about 230 cubic feet of gas per minute (CFPM).
The City of Winnipegs Brady Road Resource Management Facility flare system
became operational in July 2013. The system was installed over approximately 4
million tonnes of waste and flares approximately 1,100 cubic feet of gas per minute
(CFPM). Since the flare has been turned on, over 73,600 tonnes of CO2e have been
extracted. The annual methane destruction is estimated to be 4,600 tonnes of
methane or 97,400 tonnes of CO2e.
The total amount of landfill gas captured at the three regulated sites is estimated to be
195,000 tonnes per year of CO2e or almost 1% of Manitobas total carbon emissions.
In the future, it may be possible to use the recovered gas as an energy source.
23
23
Boosting Manitobas Green Economy

Diverting significantly more waste has the potential to increase
employment and economic activity in Manitoba. In 2014, the
Conference Board of Canada confirmed that waste diversion in
North America results in job creation and local economic growth.
For every 1,000 tonnes of waste material diverted, two jobs can
be created, and it is estimated that ten times more jobs are
created by recycling waste than landfilling it. In addition to the
environmental costs, there are also significant costs to
government and businesses associated with waste disposal.
Increased waste diversion presents a significant economic
opportunity.
Manitoba will make strategic investments to develop recycling
processes for waste materials and explore opportunities to export
technology to others seeking methods to divert materials from
their waste streams. The green jobs that result from enhanced
waste diversion will help to make us a growing hub for sustainable
development and green innovation going forward.
24
Examples of Green Businesses that use waste

to create local economic development and
green jobs in Manitoba
Clearline Technologies is a Manitoba company that creates
products such as roof blocks, walkways and solar rack supports
using scrap tires. The company sells its products across North
America and employs approximately 20 people marketing, sales,
accounting, lean manufacturing and operations production, and
industrial design.
Exner E-Waste is a waste management company in Manitoba that
processes a wide range of electronic and non-electronic equipment
such as computers and monitors, laptops, small appliances,
photocopiers, ATM machines, hand/garden tools and more. All
waste processed is turned into recovered resources such as copper
and aluminum to be supplied back in to the market for
remanufacturing of new products. Up to 25 sustainable green jobs
(and economic development in Manitoba) have been created by
this green business.
Reliable Tire Recycling is the largest collector and processor of
scrap tires in Manitoba, using them to make recycled products such
as landscaping products, patio blocks, artificial rubberized surfaces
and industrial products. Forty five sustainable green jobs (and
economic development in Manitoba) have been created by this
green business.
Waste Reduction and Recycling Support (WRARS) Fund

Encouraging Action on Waste
Between 2009 and 2012, the WRARS Program, funded by a $10 per tonne levy on waste disposed in landfills, paid $32
million in recycling rebates to eligible municipalities. A further $5.30 million was paid over this same time period for E-waste
and Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) collection and recycling (prior to the implementation of Manitobas current EPR
programs) and other waste management projects administered by Green Manitoba.
The WRARS program partners with the Waste Reduction and Pollution Prevention (WRAPP) Fund to provide grant funding
and incentive payments to enhance Manitobas waste reduction activities, including:
composting
construction and demolition waste
education and sustainability projects
material diversion pilot projects
training and forums
database development and maintenance.
Manitoba will continue to invest in programs and facilities to encourage new collection, processing, and recycling systems for
all aspects of the waste stream while generating employment. Opportunities to offer additional incentives for new waste
diversion activities under the Waste Reduction and Pollution (WRAPP) Fund and the WRARS levy will be evaluated.
25
25
LETS DO BETTER!
1. Measuring Progress to Ensure Success
Improvements can be made to waste measurement and reporting.
To strengthen environmental standards and resource conservation
efforts, more focus will be placed on tracking outcomes,
monitoring and reporting on measurable indicators of progress
and identifying problem areas. Filling information gaps and
improving program reporting procedures and program
performance measurement should enhance the effectiveness of
future Manitoba waste and recycling reports. Reports for 2011 and
2012 are available at www.greenmanitoba.ca/annual-reports/
How will we know if we are making progress?

Manitoba will endeavour to monitor and report on
the economic impact of current and future diversion
activities. We will continue to collaborate with our
industry partners and others, wherever possible, to:
1. Increase local processing capacity for waste materials.
2. Develop markets to demonstrate the use of locally
recovered materials such as compost, tires,
shingles, and e-waste for local end-use.
3. Build the capacity of municipal, commercial and
institutional recycling facilities to carry out these
activities.
4. Establish a new funding initiative for processing
recyclable materials boosting Manitobas green
economy. Government will work with industry and
PROs to develop incentives for local businesses
that turn trash to cash.
5. Ensure that existing government regulations are
not barriers to increased waste diversion efforts.
26
2. Manitobas Ultimate Goal Zero Waste

Manitobas ultimate goal is to become a zero waste society.
Ideally, we would live in a society where nothing was wasted.
Increased planning and diversion activities will reduce the amount
of landfill space required. Our first steps are to reach our 50%
waste reduction goal by 2020, while we keep our long term goal
in sight.
Studies comparing the economic impacts of recycling versus
landfill disposal confirm that:
The National Zero Waste Council defines zero waste

as a whole-system approach that aims to eliminate
rather than manage waste. It is a guiding design
philosophy for eliminating waste at source and at all
points down the product supply chain. It shifts from
the current one-way linear resource use and disposal
culture to a closed-loop circular system.
Landfill disposal generates a smaller number of jobs than

waste recycling and waste diversion;
Recycling and the use of secondary materials create
significantly higher net value-added jobs at higher income
levels than waste disposal; and
Recycling businesses create jobs closer to home and have a
smaller environmental footprint than businesses that rely on
raw material extraction and manufacturing.
How will we move from where we are today to be less wasteful
and eventually become a zero waste society? We propose to
strengthen and enhance environmental standards, while
improving waste diversion and disposal practices and operations.
27
ENGAGEMENT
Everyone has a role to play
We will continue to engage and work collaboratively with all
interested stakeholders, including industry stewards, Producer
Responsibility Organizations, municipal communities, industrial,
commercial and institutional organizations, academics,
non-government organizations, industry and other interested
parties. We will also continue working with our First Nations and
Mtis partners.
Not sure
where to take
your recyclables?
Manitobas waste reduction and product stewardship programs

have been built from the grassroots level, in response to public
interest. The programs have been successful due to significant
public participation and a high level of involvement from industry,
local communities and non-government organizations in their
design and operation. Without strong action and involvement by
the public we would not have made the progress we have.
All Manitobans will have the opportunity to provide input into this
discussion paper. We welcome your ideas, suggestions and
feedback on plan priorities and options for action. Send your
suggestions and comments about this discussion paper to the
address below by March 20, 2015.
Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship
Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Paper
1007 Century Street
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3H 0W4
Email: pollupreve@gov.mb.ca
www.manitoba.ca
28
ManitobaEcoDepot.ca
Whether its for a mobile phone, old tires or the paint from
that reno you did last year, our new search tool will help you
find the nearest depot to recycle itanywhere in Manitoba.
Now its easy to search by location or by the type of product
you want to drop off, making us your go-to recycling resource.
Green Manitoba acts as a provincial hub of waste reduction

information. Find your nearest Eco-Depot is a mobile app to help
you recycle. See Green Manitoba at www.greenmanitoba.ca.
2014

MB Recycling Strategy 2014

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Recycling and Waste Reduction:

This discussion paper supports the implementation of TomorrowNow Manitobas Green

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

Recycling in Quick-Service Restaurants and

Improve Regional Recycling Services

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

3,026 tonnes of e-waste collected for recycling from 57

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

How does Manitoba measure up?

landfills continues to be above the national average of 730

Figure 1 - Waste Disposal Per Capita Comparisons

2010 Waste Disposal Per Capita Comparisons

Waste Management Industry Survey: Business and Government Sectors, 2010

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

TARGETS AND TIMELINES

The actions proposed in this discussion document will produce

1. Zero Waste we aim to ultimately reach zero waste in

2. Cutting Waste in Half we can reduce our waste to

4. Fighting Climate Change a significant amount of our

Your feedback on the actions proposed in this discussion

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

Leading by Example: Reducing Governments Ecological Footprint

Future activities will include:

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

Waste Reduction Hierarchy

This involves items being used again for the

Industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) waste is

Landfilling may be needed when other options

Reducing or eliminating waste altogether is the highest

Organic material is the highest proportion of waste material

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

Food Recovery Hierarchy

created by avoiding over producing, purchasing and preparing, reduce preparation

FOOD BANK DONATION - Seek facilities that can accept edible

INDUSTRIAL FOOD PROCESSOR - Seek facilities that can

ANIMAL FEED - Seek agricultural facilities or industrial animal feed

LANDFILL - Disposal of food waste in landfills should only be considered

Based on the US EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy

Food waste is organic residue generated by the processing, handling, storage,

3. Working with the ICI Sector - Work with the

Diversion of organic materials is essential to reaching Manitobas

industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sectors, including

2. Full Landfill Ban on Organic Waste - Institute a

4. Manitoba Composts - Incentives offered under the

1. Divert 100,000 Tonnes of Organic Waste -

full organics landfill ban from the residential and industrial

recently launched Manitoba Composts Program will help

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

Organic Waste Diverted (Tonnes)

*Canada data is normalized

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

CONSTRUCTION, RENOVATION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

5. Made in Manitoba solutions - Invest in research

Construction, renovation and demolition (CR&D) waste is the

OPTIONS FOR ACTION:

2. Working with industry partners - Work with

3. Improved standards - Expand the provincial Green

and development to investigate, design and develop best

Examples of Green Businesses that use waste to

4. Landfill ban on CR&D waste - CR&D materials could

Recycling and Waste Reduction: A Discussion Document

EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

Government will work with industry to set Phase II targets for