Machine Design Possible Interview Questions

13/03/2015
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RameshBalasubramanian(24SlideShares),AssociateProfessoratSt.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,JeppiaarTrust,Chennai119
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Interviewquestionsandanswersondesignofmachineelements
Interviewquestionsandanswersondesignofmachineelements
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12/06/10Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph&apossCollegeofEngineering,Chennai119
Transcript
1.
By:
Mr.B.Ramesh,B.E.(Mech),M.E.(CAD),(Ph.D.),
AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,
St.JosephsCollegeofEngineering,JeppiaarTrust,Chennai119
Ph.D.ResearchScholar,CollegeofEngineeringGuindyCampus,
AnnaUniversity,Chennai25
December6,2010
4/21
13/03/2015
2.
WhatareISO9000standards?
ISO9000standardsaremadeupoffivepartsnamelyISO9000,ISO9001,ISO9002,ISO9003andISO9004.
ISO9000andISO9004areadvisorydocuments.Forinstance,ISO9000containsguidelinesforusingthestandards.
ThestandardsarecontainedinISO9001,9002and9003.
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai1192.WhichISO
standardwouldbeapplicableiftheproductortheserviceinvolveddesignanddevelopment?ItwouldinvolveISO9001whichisthemodelfor
qualityassuranceindesign,development,production,installationandservicing.
3.
3.CanyoutellusaboutISO9002and9003also?
ISO9002isforqualityassuranceinproduction,installationandservicingand
ISO9003isforqualityassuranceinfinalinspectionandtest.
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai1194.Whatarethe
commonprofilesusedforsplinesinmachineelements?Theprofilesusedforsplinesinmachineelementsarestraightsidedsplines,triangularsplines
andinvolutesplines.5.Whattypeofthreadsareusedforpressuretightjointsandforpowertransmission?Pipethreadsareusedforpressuretight
jointsandsquarethreadsforpowertransmission.
4.
6.Howcomputerhelpsindesigning?
Computerisabletostorelotofinformationandsamecanberetrievedfast.Itperformscalculationsveryfast.Thedesigncanbevisualizedon
screenandanyalterationsmadeanditseffectsclearlyseen.Thusoptimumdesignscanbeachievedmuchfasterandthesearethoroughlytested
fromallangles.
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai1197.Canyoutell
somethingaboutHazopstudy?InHazop(Hazardsandoperatibility)studyeachandeveryconceivableprocessdeviationfromnormaloperating
conditionofasystemhavingidenticaldesignintention,isthoroughlyanalysedforcausesandconsequenceandrequiredactionplantomitigate
hazard/operabilityproblemsaresuggestedonthebasisofavailableprotectivesystem.
5.
8.Whyslendernessratioisconsideredindesignofmembers?
Whenlengthofthememberisincreased,themembermayfailduetobuckling
eventhoughthememberissymmetricalinallrespectsandtheloadisconcentric.
9.Whatdoyoumeanbyallowanceinlimitsandfits?
Allowanceinlimitsandfitsreferstomaximumclearancebetweenshaftandhole.
10.Awireropeisdesignatedas6x19standardhoisting.Whatdothenumbers
6x19represent?
Numberofstrandsxnumberofwiresineachstrand.
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai119
6.
11.Whyasleeveisfittedonaballbearing?
Topreventrelativeaxialmovementbetweentheshaftandthebearing.
12.WhatistheconstantfactorincaseofR10seriesofpreferrednumbers?
1.25
13.Onwhatbasisatransmissionshaftsubjectedtobendingloadsmustbedesigned?
Maximumshearstresstheory.
14.Indesigningaclutchplate,whatassumptionismade?
Uniformwearconditionisassumedbecauseitleadstosaferdesign.
7.
15.Thecriticalspeedofrotatingshaftdependsuponwhat?
Massandstiffness.
16.Whatistheempiricalformulausedtogivethenumberofboltsinflangecoupling?
n=0.2d+3
17.Howthesizeofthegearisusuallyspecified?
Bypitchcirclediameter.
18.Whiletakingaturn,whatactiondifferentialmakes?
Anincreaseinthespeedoftheouterwheel.
8.
19.RankinesandGueststheoryoffailureareapplicableforwhatmaterials?
Rankinestheoryoffailureisapplicableforbrittlematerials.
Gueststheoryoffailureisapplicableforductilematerials.
20.Whatisthemostsuitablebearingforcarryingveryheavyloadswithslowspeed?
Rollerbearing
21.Whatisthemainpurposeofagearboxinavehicle?
Tovarythetorqueattheroadvehicles.
9.
22.Whatisendurancelimit?
Endurancelimitorfatiguelimitisthemaximumstressthatamembercan
withstandforaninfinitenumberofloadapplicationswithoutfailurewhen
subjectedtocompletelyreversedloading.
23.WhatistheincludedangleinunifiedofAmericanNationalthreads?
600
24.WhatistheincludedangleinACMEthreads?
290
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai11925.The
designationM33x2ofaboltmeansMetricthreadsof33mmoutsidediameterand2mmpitch.
10.
26.Ifthreadsonaboltarelefthand,threadsonnutwillbe
Lefthandwithsamepitch.
27.Fortightleakagejoints,whichtypeofthreadisbestsuited?
NPT(NationalPipeThreads)
28.Abenchvicehaswhichtypeofthread?
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ACME
29.Whatdoyoumeanbyspringindex?
Ratioofcoildiametertowirediameter(D/d).
11.
30.Whatdoyoumeanbyspringstiffness?
Loadrequiredtoproduceunitdeflection.
31.Forrivetedjoints,whichtypeofjointispreferred?
Buttjoint.
32.Whatdoyoumeanbyfactorofsafety?
Ratioofyieldstressandworkingstress.
12.
33.Saytheuseofsomecouplings.
Oldhamscouplingisusedtoconnecttwoshaftswhichhavelateralmisalignment.
Universalcouplingisusedtojointwoshaftswhoseaxesintersectatasmallangle.
Bushedpinflexiblecouplingisusedtojointwoshaftswhicharenotinexactalignment.
Sleeveormuffcouplingisthesimplesttypeofrigidcoupling.
34.Whatisslendernessratio?
Lengthofstrut/Leastradiusofgyration.
December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai11935.Spring
drivenwatchesandclocksutilizewhatgears?Cycloidgears.
13.
36.WhatisthestandardanglebetweenthesidesofVbelt?
400.
37.Indesignofgears,Lewisequationisusedtofindwhatstress?
Compressivestressinbending.
38.Zeroaxialthrustisexperiencedinwhatgears?
Herringbonegears.
39.Whattypeofcamfollowerisgenerallyusedinautomobiles?
Sphericaltypecamfollower.
40.Saysometypesofcam.
S.H.M.camisusedinordertominimizejerks.
Harmoniccamisusedforlowandmoderatespeedengine.
Cycloidalcamisusedforhighspeedengine.
14.
41.Howdoyoudefineaspring?
Aspringisanelasticmemberwhichstoresenergyandprovidesaforceoveradistancebyelasticdeflection.
42.Howdoyoudefineashaft?
Ashaftisarotatingmember,usuallyofcircularcrosssection(eithersolidorhollow),transmittingpower.
43.Whatisaflywheel?
Aflywheelisaheavyrotatingbodywhichactsasreservoirforabsorbingandredistributingkineticenergy.Thefunctionofaflywheelisto
keepthespeedofmachinebetweengivenlimitswhilethemachineisdoingworkorreceivingenergyatavariablerate.
15.
44.Whatisadesign?
Creatingaplanordrawingsforaproductusingintellectualabilityandscientificknowledgeiscalleddesign.Aproductsodesignedshould
permiteconomicalmanufacture,anditshouldmeetthespecificationrequirements.
45.Whatarethedifferenttypesofdesign?
AdaptivedesignAdaptationoftheexistingdesign
DevelopmentdesignImprovementoftheexistingdesign
NewdesignDesignofanentirelynewproduct
46.Whatisengineeringdesign?
Iterativedecisionmakingprocesstoconceiveandimplementoptimumsystemstosolveproblemsandneedsofsociety.
16.
47.Whatismachinedesign?
Aprocessofachievingaplanfortheconstructionofamachine.
48.Whatisrationaldesign?
Apurelymathematicaldesignbaseduponprinciplesofmechanicsofmaterialsandmachines.
49.Whatisempiricaldesign?
Adesignbaseduponstandardpracticeandpastexperience.
50.Whatisindustrialdesign?
Adesignevolvedconsideringaesthetics,ergonomicsandproductionaspectsofdesign.
17.
51.Whatisoptimumdesign?
Adesignwhichisbestandeconomicalforthegivenobjectivefunctionunderthespecifiedconstraints.
52.Whatismorphologyofdesign?
Themethodologyofdesignbywhichideasaboutneedsareprojectedcreativelyintoideasaboutthings,andwhichinturnaretranslatedinto
engineeringprescriptionfortransformingsuitableresourcesintouseful,physicalobjects.
53.Whatispreliminarydesign?
Toestablishanoverallconceptfortheprojectwhichwillserveasaguideforthedetaileddesign.
18.
54.Whatisanatomyofdesign?
Describingthedesignprocessinvolvingadetailedexaminationofthedesignersactionashegoesaboutidentifyingandsolvingtheproblem.
55.Whatismodeling?
Representationoftherealworldondeskinsymbolicformorinthelaboratory.
56.Whatarepreferrednumbers?
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13/03/2015
Ageneralbasisforstandardizingandgradingaseriesofsimilardimensions,characteristics,etc.
57.Whatisresilience?
Strainenergystoredperunitvolume.
19.
58.Whatisproofresilience?
Themaximumstrainenergywhichcanbestoredinamaterialperunitvolume.
59.Whatiscreep?
Theslowandprogressivedeformationofamaterialwithtimeunderaconstantstress.
60.Whatisknucklejoint?
Ajointusedtoconnecttworodssubjectedtotensileloadsonly.
61.Whatiscam?
Aplateorcylinderwhichcommunicatesmotiontoafollowerbymeansofitsedgeoragroovecutinitssurface.
20.
62.Whatiscoupling?
Couplingmakesasemipermanentconnectionbetweentwoshafts.
63.Whatarefluidcouplings?
Couplingshavingtwobasicparts,animpellerandrunner,therebeingnomechanicalconnectionbetweenthetwoshafts.
64.Whatareclutches?
Couplingswhichpermitthedisengagementofthecoupledshaftsduringrotation.
21.
65.HowCADsoftwaresareclassified?
Draftingpackages,ModelingpackagesandAnalysispackages.
66.WhataretheadvantagesofCADsoftwares?
Highaccuracyindrafting.
Creatingdrawingwitheaseusingcommandsoricons.
Editingfacilitiesareallowedeasilyandquickly.
Printoutsimprovethecommunicationquality.
Improvestheproductivityofadesigner.
67.WhatdoyoumeantbyGUI?
GraphicalUserInterface
22.
68.StatethedifferenttypesofCoordinatesystems.
PolarCoordinatesystem
ToPoint:@(distance)<(direction)
:@40<45
RelativeCoordinatesystem
ToPoint:@X,Y
:@40,30
AbsoluteCoordinatesystem
ToPoint:X,Y
:40,30
23.
69.WhatistheexpansionofCATIA?
ComputerAidedThreeDimensionalInteractiveApplication.
70.Whatisparametricmodeling?
Parametricmodelingusesparameterstodefinethedimensionofamodel.Theparametermaybemodifiedlater,andthemodelwillupdate
automaticallytoreflectthemodification.Typically,thereisarelationshipbetweenparts,assembliesanddrawings.
24.
71.Defineelementandnode.
Asmallunithavingdefiniteshapeofgeometryiscalledelementandtheseareinterconnectedbynodes.
72.WhatarethedifferenttypesofelementsusedinFEA?
1D(Line)Element,2D(Plane)Elementand3D(Solid)Element.
73.Whatarethedifferenttypesofstressesandstrainsinanobject?
Tensilestress,Compressivestress,Bendingstress,ShearstressandCrushingstress.
Tensilestrain,Compressivestrain,Shearstrain,Volumetricstrain.
25.
74.ListsomesoftwaresthatusesFEAastool.
ANSYS(Generalpurpose,PCandworkstations)
IDEAS(CompleteCAD/CAM/CAEpackage)
NASTRAN(GeneralpurposeFEAonmainframes)
ABAQUS(Nonlinearanddynamicanalysis)
COSMOS(GeneralpurposeFEA)
HyperMesh(Pre/PostProcessor)
26.
75.Defineaspectratio.
Itisdefinedastheratioofthelargestdimensionoftheelementtothesmallestdimension.
76.SpecifyanytwoapplicationsofFEAinfluidmechanics.
Wecanfindvelocityandrateofflowatdifferentsections.
77.Whatdoyouunderstandbydiscretizationofdomain?
Theartofsubdividingastructureintoaconvenientnumberofsmallercomponentsisknownasdiscretization.
78.Whatroledothecomputerplayinuseofthefiniteelementmethod?
Reducessolvingtime.
7/21
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27.December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai119
28.
FourCsofDesign
Creativity
Complexity
Choice
Compromise
DesignVariables
GeometricDimensions
MaterialType
Tolerances
EngineeringNotes
29.
TheDesignProcess
DefinitionofProblemAnalysisandOptimizationRecognitionofNeedSynthesisEvaluationPresentation
30.
TheApplicationofComputersfortheDesignProcess
RecognitionofNeedDefinitionofProblemSynthesisAnalysisandOptimizationEvaluationPresentationGeometricModelingEngineeringAnalysis
DesignReviewAndEvaluationAutomatedDraftingTheDesignProcessComputerAidedDesign
31.PlanningConfig.DesignProductArchitecturePhase1:ConceptualdesignPhase2:EmbodimentdesignPhase3Phases4
32.DesignCoordinatorInspectionManufacturingAssemblyServiceabilityMarketingSalesPackagingFunctionTheConceptofConcurrent
Engineering
33.
DesignofStandards:
Standard:
Astandardisagenerallyagreeduponsetofprocedures,criteria,dimensions,materialsorparts.
Engineeringstandardsmaydescribethedimensionsandsizesofsmallpartslikescrewsandbearings.
Ittellstheengineerhowtodoit.
SocietiesforStandards:
ASME:AmericanSocietyforMechanicalEngineers
ASTM:AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials
AISC:AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction
ANSI:AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute
ISO:InternationalOrganizationforStandardization
34.
FewwidelyusedModelingpackagesare:
Pro/E
CATIAV5
UNIGRAPHICS
SOLIDWORKS
AUTODESKINVENTOR
IDEAS
35.
Everyanalysisinvolvesfourmainsteps:
PreliminaryDecisions
Whichanalysistype?
Whattomodel?
Preprocessing
DefineMaterial
Elementtype
Createorimportthemodelgeometry
Meshthegeometry
Solution
Applyloads
Solve
Postprocessing
Reviewresults
Checkthevalidityofthesolution
PreprocessingSolutionPostprocessingPreliminaryDecisions
36.December6,2010Mr.B.Ramesh,AssociateProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,St.Joseph'sCollegeofEngineering,Chennai119
8/21
13/03/2015
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