MY SUMMARY

In this project, there are five materials that I will discuss base on what we had learned before, namely:
Derivational, Inflectional, Compound, Back formation, and Word reduction. Those are the parts study
of morphology. But in generally Morphology define as one of linguistic which discuss about morpheme and
words. Morphology also study about the structure, form, word classification.
A. Derivational
Is a word that gets adding affixes and change word class. For examples:
Teach ( v ) root= Teacher ( n )
suffix - er
Buy ( v ) root
= Buyer ( n )
suffix
Improve ( v ) root
= Improvement ( n )
suffix
Sad ( Adj ) root
= Sadness ( n )
suffix
insure ( v ) root
= insurance ( n )
suffix
Differ ( v ) root
= difference ( n )
suffix
Confuse ( v ) root
= confusion ( n )
suffix
Refresh ( v ) root
= refreshment ( n )
suffix
Beauty (n) root
= beautiful ( adj )
suffix
Create ( v ) root
= creative ( adj )
suffix
Fame
root
= famous ( adj )
suffix
Stick ( n ) root
= sticky ( adj )
suffix
Liberty ( n ) root
= liberate ( adj )
suffix
Final ( n ) root
= finalize ( adj )
suffix
Spine ( v ) root
= spinal ( adj )
suffix
Tail
(v) root
= Tailor ( n )
suffix
Secret (adj ) root
= Secretary (n )
suffix
Comfortable
root
= uncomfortable
prefix
Friend (n) root
= friendly (adj)
suffix
Happy root
= Happiness
suffix

- er
-ment
-ness
-ance
- ence
- ion
- ment
- ful
- ive
- ous
-y
- ate
- ize
- al
- or
- ary
- un
- ly
- ness

B. Inflectional
Is a word that gets adding affixes but not change word class. For examples:
Cook ( v )
= Cooks
suffix - s
Speak ( v )
= speaking
suffix -ing
Produce ( v ) = produced
suffix - ed
Watch ( v )
= watching
suffix -ing
Small ( adj)
= smallest
suffix -est
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Fly ( v )
Do ( v )
Blame ( v )
Fast ( adj )
Boy ( n )
Read ( v )

=
=
=
=
=
=

flying
does
blaming
faster
boys
reads

suffix
suffix
suffix
suffix
suffix
suffix

-ing
-es
-ing
-er
-s
-s

C. Compound
Compound means that combining two roots or base which is develop other meaning and the
function to make new meaning of word. And in compound consist of three forms that are:
Separated compound, Hyphenated compound, and Close compound.
1) Separated compound
Is combining two different words in separate form or have space. For examples:
Feeling blue
= feeling + blue
Look down
= look + down
Half sister
= half + sister
Turn down
= turn + down
Frame up
= frame + up
Stand patter
= stand + patter
Lounge lizard = lounge + lizard
Nature faker = nature + faker
Loan shark
= loan + shark
Soul mate
= soul + mate
Soap boxer
= soap + boxer
Buzz wagon
= buzz + wagon
Jump off
= jump + off
Drawing room = drawing + room
Dance floor
= dance + floor
Bus stop
= buss + stop
Cut purse
= cut + purse
2) Hyphenated compound
Is combining two different words and separated by using hyphen ( - ). . For examples:
o Merry-go-round
o Mother in law
o Over-the-counter
o Mother in- law
o Five years old
o Six pack
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o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Master at arms
Daughter in law
Old furniture salesman
Part time teacher
The highest priced car
Part time job
My six years old son
Check in
Freeze dry
Dry cleaning
Ice bowl
Passers by
Do it your self
Oil tank
Slow moving
Small business conferences
Fast evolving

3) Close compound
Is combining two different words in not separated form or which have not space. For
examples:
Broadcast
Basketball
Crosswalk
Sunflower
Railroad
Sometimes
Grasshopper
Fireflies
Skateboard
Weatherman
Upside
Fireworks
Grandmother
Baseball
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= broad + cast
= basket + ball
= cross + walk
= sun + flower
= rail + road
= some + times
= grass + hoper
= fire + flies
= skate + board
= weather + man
= up + side
= fire + works
= grand + mother
= base + ball

Upstream
Teapot
Railway

= up + stream
= tea + pot
= rail + way

D. Back formation
Back formation is process to remove several syllables or affixation process to make new word and
change word class but not change the meaning of word. For examples:
Imagination ( n )
Imagine ( v )
Agreement (n )
Agree ( Adj )
Stimulation (n )
Stimulate ( v )
Happiness (n )
Happy ( Adj )
Enouncement (n )
Enounce
Donation
Donate
Option
Opt
Editor (n )
Edit ( v )
Respective
Respect ( v )
Layer (n )
Lay ( v )
Blaming (n )
Blame ( v )
Production (n )
Product ( v )
Pronunciation (n )
Pronounce ( v )
Seller (n )
Sell ( v )
collaborator (n )
collaborate ( v )
E. Word Reduction
In word reduction consist of three parts are Acronym, Blending, and Clipping.
1. Acronym ( Singkatan )
Examples:
UNICEF
: The United Nations Childrens Fund.
SCUBA
: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.

WASP

: White Anglo Saxon Protestant.

Gestapo

: Geheime Staatspolizei (secret state police)

Interpol

: International Criminal Police Organization

Nabisco

: National Biscuit Company

AIDS

: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Necco

: New England Confectionery Company

Radar

: Radio Detection And Ranging

SINGLE

: Strong, Independent, Noticeable, Generous, Loving,

Enlightened

France

: Friendship Remains And Never Can End

Haters

: Having Anger Towards Everyone Reaching Success

Class

: Come Late And Start Sleeping

School

: Seven Crappy Hours Of Our Life

Live

: Learning Important Values Everyday

DOT

: Department Of Transportation

BTW
ISBN

: By The Way
: International Standard Book Number

2. Blending
Is process to mix two or more words into one to make a new word but not change word
class. Examples:
Advertisement + editorial = advertorial
Channel + tunnel = Chunnel
Oxford + Cambridge = Oxbridge
Yale + Harvard = Yarvard
Slang + language = slanguage
Guess + estimate = guesstimate
Square + aerial = squaerial
Affluence + influenza = affluenza
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Information + commercials = infomercials

Dock + condominium = dockominium
Smoke + haze = smaze
Smoke + murk = smurk
Binary + digit = bit
Simultaneous + broadcast = simulcast
Teleprinter + exchange = telex.

3. Clipping
Is process to remove several syllables from base word but not change word class.
Examples:
Gas
= gasoline
Gym
= gymnastics, gymnasium
math
= mathematics
memo
= memorandum
mutt
= muttonhead
pop
= popular concert
lab
= laboratory
cap
= captain
draw
= drawbridge
Omni
= omnibus
Turn
= turnpike
wiz
= wizard
Grad
= graduate
Spec
= speculation

CONCLUSION
There are five parts which had in morphology that are Derivational, Inflectional,
Compound, Back formation, and Word reduction. Derivational is a word that gets adding affixes
and change word class. Inflectional is a word that gets adding affixes but not change word class.
Compound means that combining two roots or base which is develop other meaning and the
function to make new meaning of word. And in compound consist of three forms that are:
Separated compound, Hyphenated compound, and Close compound. Back formation is process to
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remove several syllables or affixation process to make new word and change word class but not
change the meaning of word. And word reduction, in word reduction consist of three parts are
Acronym, Blending, and Clipping.

Final assignment of Morphology

By
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21213134
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
KENDARI
2015

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