Glencoe Science Green Chapter 9 Resources

Glencoe Science
Chapter Resources
Cell Processes
Includes:
Reproducible Student Pages
ASSESSMENT
TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES
Chapter Tests
Section Focus Transparency Activities
Chapter Review
Teaching Transparency Activity
HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES
Assessment Transparency Activity
Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity
Teacher Support and Planning
Laboratory Activities
Content Outline for Teaching
FoldablesReading and Study Skills activity sheet
Spanish Resources
Teacher Guide and Answers
MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

Directed Reading for Content Mastery
Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish
Reinforcement
Enrichment
Note-taking Worksheets
Glencoe Science
Photo Credits
Section Focus Transparency 1: Doug Martin; Section Focus Transparency 2: Robert Lewellyn/SuperStock;
Section Focus Transparency 3: Kenneth W. Fink/Photo Researchers
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Reproducible
Student Pages
Reproducible Student Pages
Hands-On Activities
MiniLAB: Determining How Enzymes Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MiniLAB: Try at Home Observing Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Lab: Observing Osmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lab: Photosynthesis and Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Laboratory Activity 1: Diffusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Laboratory Activity 2: Oxygen and Photosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Meeting Individual Needs

Extension and Intervention
Directed Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Assessment
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Transparency Activities
Section Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Hands-On
Activities
2 Cell Processes
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Name
Observing How Enzymes Work

Procedure
1. Get two small cups of prepared gelatin from your teacher. Do not eat or
drink anything in lab.
2. On the gelatin in one of the cups, place a piece of fresh pineapple.
3. Let both cups stand undisturbed overnight.
4. Observe what happens to the gelatin.
Analysis
1. What effect did the piece of fresh pineapple have on the gelatin?
2. What does the fresh pineapple contain that caused it to have the effect on the gelatin you
observed?
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Why do the preparation directions on a box of gelatin dessert tell you not to mix it with fresh
pineapple?
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
Procedure
1. Use two clean glasses of equal size. Label one Hot, then fill it until half full
with very warm water. Label the other Cold, then fill it until half full with
cold water. WARNING: Do not use boiling hot water.
2. Add one drop of food coloring to each glass. Carefully release the drop just
at the waters surface to avoid splashing the water.
3. Observe the water in the glasses. Record your observations immediately and
again after 15 min.
Data and Observations

Initial Observations
After 10 Minutes
Cold Water
Hot Water
Analysis
1. Describe what happens when food coloring is added to each glass.
2. How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
4 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Observing Diffusion
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Observing Osmosis
Lab Preview
Directions: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.
1. What safety symbols are associated with this lab?
2. What cell are you observing in this lab?
It is difficult to observe osmosis in cells because most cells are so small.

However, a few cells can be seen without the aid of a microscope. Try this lab
to observe how osmosis occurs in a large cell.
Real-World Question
Procedure
How does osmosis occur in an egg cell?
1. Use the tables on the next page to record

your data.
2. Obtain an unshelled egg from your teacher.
Handle the egg gently. Use a balance to find
the eggs mass and record it in the table.
3. Place the egg in the container and add
enough distilled water to cover it.
4. Observe the egg after 30 min, one day, and
two days. After each observation, record the
eggs appearance in Table 1.
5. After day two, remove the egg with a spoon
and allow it to drain. Find the eggs mass
and record it in Table 2.
6. Empty the container, then put the egg back
in. Now add enough corn syrup to cover it.
Repeat steps 4 and 5.
Materials
unshelled egg*
balance
spoon
distilled water (250 mL)
light corn syrup (250 mL)
500-mL container
*an egg whose shell has been dissolved by vinegar
Goals
Observe osmosis in an egg cell.

Determine what affects osmosis.
Safety Precautions
WARNING: Eggs may contain bacteria. Avoid
touching your face.
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
Table 1
Table 2
Egg Mass Data
Egg Observations
Beginning
Egg Mass
After 30 minutes
After 1 day
Distilled
water
After 2 days
Corn
syrup
Egg Mass
After Two Days
Conclude and Apply

1. Explain the difference between what happened to the egg in water and in corn syrup.
2. Calculate the mass of water that moved into and out of the egg.
3. Hypothesize why you used an unshelled egg for this investigation.
4. Infer what part of the egg controlled waters movement into and out of the egg.
Communicating Your Data

Compare your conclusions with those of other students in your class. For more help,
refer to the Science Skill Handbook.
6 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Photosynthesis and Respiration

Lab Preview
Directions: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.
1. What safety symbols are associated with this lab?
2. Under what conditions will you place your test tubes?
Every living cell carries on many chemical processes. Two important chemical
processes are respiration and photosynthesis. All cells, including the ones in
your body, carry on respiration. However, some plant cells carry on both
processes. In this experiment you will investigate when these processes occur
in plant cells. How could you find out when plants were using these processes?
Are the products of photosynthesis and respiration the same?
Real-World Question
When do plants carry on photosynthesis and
respiration?
Materials
16-mm test tube (3)
150-mm test tube with stopper (4)
*small, clear-glass baby food jar with lid (4)
test-tube rack
stirring rod
scissors
carbonated water (5 mL)
bromthymol blue solution in dropper bottle
aged tap water (20 mL)
*distilled water (20 mL)
sprig of Elodea (2)
*other water plants
*Alternate materials
Goals
Observe green water plants in the light and

dark.
Determine whether plants carry on photosynthesis and respiration.
Safety Precautions
WARNING: Wear splash-proof goggles to protect
eyes from hazardous chemicals.
Procedure
1. Label each test tube using the numbers 1, 2,
3, and 4. Pour 5 mL of aged tap water into
each test tube.
2. Add 10 drops of carbonated water to test
tubes 1 and 2.
3. Add 10 drops of bromthymol blue to all of
the test tubes. Bromthymol blue turns
green to yellow in the presence of an acid.
4. Cut two 10-cm sprigs of Elodea. Place one
sprig in test tube 1 and one sprig in test
tube 3. Stopper all test tubes.
5. Complete the test-tube data in Table 1.
6. Place test tubes 1 and 2 in bright light.
Place tubes 3 and 4 in the dark. Observe
the test tubes for 30 min or until the color
changes. Record the color of each of the
four test tubes.
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
Table 1
Test Tube
Color at Start
Color After 30 Minutes
1
2
3
4
Analyze Your Data

1. Identify what is indicated by the color of the water in all four test tubes at the start of the activity.
2. Infer what process occurred in the test tube or tubes that changed color after 30 min.
Conclude and Apply

1. Describe the purpose of test tubes 2 and 4 in this experiment.
2. Explain whether or not the results of this experiment show that photosynthesis and respiration
occur in plants.
Communicating Your Data

Choose one of the following activities to communicate your data. Prepare an oral presentation that explains how the experiment showed the differences between products of
photosynthesis and respiration. Draw a cartoon strip to explain what you did in this
experiment. Use each panel to show a different step. For more help, refer to the Science
Skill Handbook.
8 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Date
Class
Diffusion
Laboratory
Activity
When you smell different aromas around you, you are experiencing diffusion. The same principle also applies to living cells. In cells, however, both water and material dissolved in water move
into and out of the cells.
Strategy
You will observe carrots in salt water and freshwater.
You will determine if the carrots have lost or gained water after a 24-hour period.
Materials
WARNING: Do not taste, eat, or drink any materials used in the lab.
2 beakers (500-mL)
salt
carrot
water
labels
thread
balance
scalpel
metric ruler
Procedure
1. Half fill two beakers with water.
2. Use a balance to measure 15 g salt and add
it to one of the beakers. Mark this beaker
salt.
3. Cut a carrot in half as shown in Figure 1.
WARNING: Use care when cutting to avoid
injury. Tightly tie a piece of thread 2 cm
from the cut end of both parts.
4. Place one carrot half in the beaker of salt
water with the cut end down. See Figure 2.
5. Place the other carrot half with the cut end
down into the beaker of freshwater. Mark
this beaker fresh. See Figure 2.
6. Allow the beakers to remain undisturbed
for 24 hours. Remove the carrots and
observe the tightness of the threads. Record
your observations in Table 1 under Data
and Observations.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Salt
Fresh
Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class
Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)

Complete Table 1 by circling the proper term in the column under Water Type that matches the
description in the column under Condition.
Table 1
Effect of Water
Type on Carrot Cells
Condition
Water Type
1. Loose thread
freshwater-salt water
2. Firm texture
3. Tight thread
4. Soft texture
5. Decrease in
cell size
6. Loss of water
by cells
7. Gain of water
by cells
Questions and Conclusions

1. What was the purpose of tying thread on each carrot?
2. In which kind of water did the carrot cells lose water? How can you tell?
3. In which kind of water did the carrot cells gain water? How can you tell?
4. What might happen to human blood cells if placed in a beaker of salt water? Explain.
Strategy Check
Can you observe carrots in salt water and freshwater?
Can you determine if the carrots have lost or gained water after 24 hours?
10 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Date
Laboratory
Activity
Class
Oxygen and Photosynthesis
Green plants can turn chemicals into food. Green plants take in water and carbon dioxide
and, in the presence of light and chlorophyll, turn these chemicals into food. This process is called
photosynthesis. One of the by-products of photosynthesis is oxygen. The amount of oxygen
produced by a plant during a period of time can serve as a way of telling how much photosynthesis
is taking place.
Strategy
You will place a plant under continuous light conditions for 24 h while another plant remains in
the dark for the same amount of time.
You will compare the amount of photosynthesis that takes place in these two plants by measuring
the amount of oxygen the plants produce.
Materials
WARNING: Do not taste, eat, or drink any materials used in the lab.
2 glass jars (large enough to hold the funnels)
metric ruler
aged tap water (standing for at least 24 h)
scissors
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
2 glass funnels (small)
balance
2 test tubes (18 150-mm)
Elodea
lamp
Figure 1
Water
Test tube
Water and
sodium bicarbonate
Jar
Funnel
Elodea
Gas column
Water
Figure 2
1. Fill each jar with water that has been standing for at least one day. Add 1 g of sodium
bicarbonate to the water in each jar.
2. Obtain two Elodea plants and cut about
1 or 2 cm from the bottom of the stem.
Throw away the part you cut off.
WARNING: Always be careful when using
scissors. Lightly crush the upper 2.5 cm of
the stem between your fingers.
3. Place an Elodea plant into the water in
each jar and cover it with a funnel. Position
the plants so that the crushed ends are up.
(See Figure 1.)
4. Fill a test tube completely with water. Hold
your index finger over the mouth of the
test tube and invert it over the stem of the
funnel. Do not let any water escape from
the test tube. NOTE: The test tube must be
completely filled with water at the beginning of the experiment. If some water
pours out before the test tube is in place,
start over again. Do not remove your finger
until the mouth of the test tube is completely under water. Place a test tube over
each funnel. (See Figure 1.)
Procedure
24 h later
Cell Processes
11
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class

7. In Table 1, record the height of the gas
column you measured in the test tube for
each plant.
8. Compare the data table with the average
gas column height measured by your class.

Table 1
Height of gas column
Plant
1.
in light
2.
in dark
My results
Class average
Questions and Conclusions

1. What proof do you have that light is needed for photosynthesis?
2. What proof do you have that oxygen is being given off during this experiment? Before you
answer, carefully review what you observed during this experiment.
3. Why was sodium bicarbonate added to the water? HINT: Sodium bicarbonate gives off
carbon dioxide when mixed with water.
12 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
5. Place one jar near a bright light where it

will remain in light for 24 h. Place the other
jar in the dark. The one in the dark is the
control.
6. After 24 h, measure the height in centimeters
of the gas column that collected in each test
tube. See Figure 2.
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities

The graph below shows the amount of oxygen given off by a plant during a 24-h time period.
Amount of oxygen given off (mL)
60
40
20
12
18
24
Time (h)
4. a. How many hours did the plant receive light?
b. How many hours was the plant in the dark?

c. How many milliliters of oxygen were given off between hours 18 and 24?
5. Explain what change may have taken place in the light during hours 1824 that would have
decreased the amount of oxygen given off when compared with hours 011.
6. Which graph below best shows the total amount of oxygen produced if light were shined on a
plant for 24 continuous hours?
B
Amount
of Gas
Time
Cell Processes
13
Name
Date
Class

slowly moved farther and farther away from the plant during a 24-h period?
B
Amount
of Gas
Time
8. From this activity, what are the requirements for photosynthesis to occur?
9. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
10. What are the products of photosynthesis?
11. What would happen if there were no green plants?
12. How does the equation for photosynthesis compare with the equation for respiration?
13. Where is chlorophyll found in plants?

14. In respiration, what food is most easily broken down by cells?
Strategy Check
Can you measure the amount of oxygen that a plant in light and a plant in dark produce?
Can you compare the amount of photosynthesis that takes place in each plant?
14 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
7. Which graph below best shows the total amount of oxygen produced if a light source were
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Cell Processes
Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.
mixture
organic compound
enzyme
inorganic compound
passive transport
diffusion
equilibrium
osmosis
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
metabolism
photosynthesis
respiration
fermentation
Cell Processes
15
Meeting Individual
Needs
16 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Directed Reading for

Content Mastery
Class
Overview
Cell Processes
Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below.
elements
are composed of
2.
inorganic
combine
chemically
to form
organic
1.
of which those
that contain
no carbon are
usually
compounds
which are
composed
of
molecules
atoms
of which
those that
contain carbon
and hydrogen
are
3.
4.
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that makes each statement correct.
5. (Matter/Energy) is anything that has mass and takes up space.
6. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid are (inorganic/organic)
compounds.
7. A cells (nucleus/membrane) controls which molecules pass in and out of
the cell.
8. Diffusion stops when molecules reach (endocytosis/equilibrium).
9. (Enzymes/Lipids) cause molecules to change, but are not themselves changed.
10. Plants use (photosynthesis/fermentation) to make food.
Cell Processes
17
Name
Date

Content Mastery
Section 1
Section 2
Class
Chemistry of Life
Moving Cellular Materials
Directions: Use the words in the lists to fill in the blanks in the paragraphs below.
compounds
carbon
inorganic
elements
organic
proteins
molecules
atoms
water
All matter is made up of 1. ____________________. 2. ____________________ are

made up of only one kind of atom. These atoms may bond together
form 4. ____________________. Living things and their products are
5. ____________________ compounds. They all contain 6. ____________________
and hydrogen. 7. ____________________ called enzymes are organic compounds
that help regulate chemical reactions in cells. 8. ____________________ compounds
are made from elements other than carbon. One of the most important inorganic
compounds for living things is 9. ____________________.
endocytosis
diffusion
passive
active
exocytosis
permeable
osmosis
Cells have selectively 10. ____________________ membranes. Some molecules

can pass through, but others cant. Movement through a cell membrane without
using energy is 11. ____________________ transport. 12. ____________________ is
passive transport that moves particles away from areas with more particles into
areas with fewer particles in order to spread them out. Diffusion of water in and out
of cells is called 13. ____________________. Large particles may need to use energy
to pass through cell membranes. This is called 14. ____________________
transport. 15. ____________________ uses energy to take particles into a cell.
16. ____________________ releases particles out of a cell.
18 Cell Processes
to form 3. ____________________. Two or more kinds of atoms
Name
Date

Content Mastery
Section 3
Class
Energy for Life
Directions: Use the information below to identify the terms that match the descriptions that follow. Use the
terms to complete the puzzle. The letters in the vertical box should spell out a word related to the study of
chemical reactions.
Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in an organism. Organisms can

be producers or consumers. Some producers use photosynthesis to make their
food. Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.
Consumers eat the food made by producers. Both consumers and producers
can release energy through respiration. Respiration takes place in the
mitochondria. Some yeasts use fermentation to release energy.
1
1. organisms that eat producers

2. Respiration takes place here.
7. the process that some producers use

to make food
3. an energy-releasing process that takes

place in some yeasts and bacteria
8. a gas that is important in

photosynthesis
4. the total of all chemical reactions in

an organism
9. the green pigment found in

chloroplasts
5. This energy-releasing process takes

place in the mitochondria.
The word in the vertical box is:

_______________________________
6. organisms that make their own food

Cell Processes
19
Name
Date

Content Mastery
Class
Key Terms
Cell Processes
Directions: Draw a line connecting each definition to the correct term.

enzymes
2. process that many producers use to

change light energy into chemical
energy
diffusion
3. proteins that help regulate chemical

reactions in cells
4. includes diffusion, osmosis, and
facilitated diffusion
5. solutions and suspensions
6. molecules randomly move from areas
where there are more of them to areas
where there are fewer
7. used by cells to release energy when
there is not enough oxygen
8. diffusion of water through a membrane
9. process of vesicles releasing their
contents outside the cell
10. process that releases energy, uses
oxygen, and occurs in the mitochondria
20 Cell Processes
mixtures
exocytosis
fermentation
metabolism
osmosis
photosynthesis
respiration
passive transport
1. all of the chemical reactions in an

organism
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Sinopsis
Los procesos celulares
Lectura dirigida para

Dominio del contenido
Instrucciones: Completa el mapa de conceptos usando los siquientes trminos.
Los elementos
inorgnico
se combinan qumicamente
para formar
estn compuestos de
2.
orgnico
1.
de los cuales, los

que no contienen
carbono son por
lo general,
los cuales
constan de
compuestos
molculas
Satisface las necesidades individuales
tomos
de los cuales los

que contienen
carbono y
oxgeno son
3.
4.
Instrucciones: Haz un crculo alrededor del trmino en parntesis que hace verdadero cada enunciado.
5. La (materia/energa) es cualquier cuerpo que tiene masa y ocupa espacio.
6. Los carbohidratos, los lpidos, las protenas y el cido nucleico son
procesos (inorgnicos/orgnicos).
7. La(El) (ncleo/membrana) celular controla qu molculas entran y salen de una
clula.
8. La difusin cesa cuando las molculas alcanzan (la endocitosis/el equilibrio).
9. Las(Los) (enzimas/lpidos) causan cambios en las molculas, pero sin sufrir
cambio ellos mismos.
10. Las plantas usan (fotosntesis/fermentacin) para hacer alimentos.
21
Nombre
Fecha

Seccin 1
Seccin 2
Clase
La qumica de la vida
Transporte del
material celular
Instrucciones: Usa las siguientes palabras para llenar los espacios en blanco de los prrafos.
compuestos
inorgnicos
protenas
tomos
carbono
elementos
orgnicos
molculas
agua
Toda la materia est formada por 1. ____________________. Los(Las)
mos pueden enlazarse y formar 3. ____________________. Dos o ms tipos de
tomos forman 4. ____________________. Los compuestos de los seres vivos y sus
productos son compuestos 5. ____________________. Todos contienen
6. ____________________ e hidrgeno. Ciertos(as) 7. ____________________
llamadas enzimas son compuestos orgnicos que regulan las reacciones en las clulas. Los compuestos 8. ____________________ no contienen carbono. Uno de los
compuestos inorgnicos ms importantes para los seres vivos es el(la)
9. ____________________.
endocitosis
difusin
pasivo
activo
exocitosis
permeable
smosis
Las clulas tienen membranas selectivamente 10. ____________________, que

slo algunas molculas pueden atravesarlas. El movimiento a travs de las membranas que no usa energa se llama transporte 11. ____________________. El(La)
12. ____________________ es transporte pasivo que saca molculas de donde
hay ms concentracin y las lleva hacia reas en donde hay menos concentracin
para distribuirlas. La difusin del agua hacia adentro y hacia afuera de la clula se
llama 13. ____________________. Las partculas grandes pueden requerir
energa para atravesar las membranas celulares. Esto se llama transporte
14. ____________________. El(La) 15. ____________________ usa energa para
introducir partculas a la clula. El(La) 16. ____________________ saca las
partculas fuera de la clula.
22 Los procesos celulares
2. ____________________ estn formados por un slo tipo de tomo. Estos to-
Nombre
Fecha
Seccin 3
Clase
Energa para la vida
Instrucciones: Usa la siguiente informacin para identificar los trminos que corresponden a las descripciones.
Completa el crucigrama. Las letras de las cajas verticales oscuras te dirn una palabra relacionada con el estudio
de las reacciones qumicas.
El metabolismo es el total de las reacciones qumicas de un organismo. Los
organismos pueden ser productores o consumidores. Los productores usan fotosntesis para elaborar su propio alimento. La fotosntesis requiere dixido de carbono, agua, luz solar y clorofila. Los consumidores ingieren el alimento hecho
por los productores. Tanto los productores como los consumidores producen
energa por medio de la respiracin. La respiracin se lleva a cabo en las mitocondrias. Algunas levaduras utilizan la fermentacin para hacer energa.
1
2
3
4
S
5
6
7
8
9
1. Aqu ocurre la respiracin.
6. El pigmento verde de las plantas.
2. Gas que es importante para la

fotosntesis.
7. Organismos que hacen su propio

alimento
3. El total de todas las reacciones

qumicas del cuerpo.
8. Proceso usado por los productores

para hacer alimento
4. Organismos que se alimentan de los

productores.
9. Proceso productor de energa que

usan algunas levaduras y bacterias
5. Este proceso productor de energa

ocurre en las mitocondrias.
23
Nombre
Fecha

Clase
Trminos claves
Instrucciones: Traza una lnea que conecte cada definicin con el trmino correcto.
enzimas
2. proceso que usan muchos productores

para transformar la energa luminosa en
energa qumica
difusin
3. protenas que regulan las reacciones

qumicas de la clula
4. incluye la difusin, la smosis y la
difusin facilitada
5. soluciones y suspensiones
6. las molculas se mueven al azar desde
reas en donde de mayor concentracin
hacia reas de menor concentracin
7. las clulas la usan para liberar energa
cuando no hay suficiente oxgeno
disponible
8. la difusin del agua a travs de un
membrana
9. proceso por el cual las vesculas liberan
su contenido fuera de las clulas
10. proceso que libera energa, usa oxgeno
y ocurre en las mitocondrias
24 Los procesos celulares
mezclas
exocitosis
fermentacin
metabolismo
smosis
fotosntesis
respiracin
transporte pasivo
1. todas las reacciones qumicas de un

organismo
Name
Date
Class
Chemistry of Life
Reinforcement
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

1. What are atoms?
2. Is water (H2O) an element or a compound?

Why?
3. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
Directions: Label the following diagram of an atom using the words electron, proton, neutron.
2
2
5.
20
4.
6.
Directions: Study the following graph. Then answer the questions.

Elements That Make Up the Human Body
Nitrogen 3%
Calcium 2%
Other 1%
Hydrogen
10%
Carbon
19%
Oxygen
65%
7. Oxygen and carbon together make up almost what percent of the elements in the human body?
(Circle the correct answer.)
a. 50%
b. 84%
c. 30%
d. 10%
8. What two elements do organic compounds always contain?
Cell Processes
25
Name
Date
Reinforcement
Class

1. What is osmosis?
2. How does osmosis explain the fact that a watery syrup forms when you put sugar on strawberries?
b. What type of transport is this?

4. a. What are vesicles?
b. What happens to a vesicle in exocytosis?

5. What is a selectively permeable membrane?
Directions: Label the diagrams of cells with the terms diffusion, active transport, osmosis, equilibrium,
facilitated diffusion. The arrows show the direction of transport.
high
carbon dioxide
levels
low
carbon dioxide
levels
6.
25 glucose
molecules
8 water
molecules
2 water
molecules
7.
8.
10 water
molecules
high
mineral levels
9.
26 Cell Processes
10 water
molecules
low
mineral levels
10.
5 glucose
molecules
3. a. How are glucose molecules moved into a cell?
Name
Date
Reinforcement
Class
Energy for Life

1. How do producers make their own food?
2. Fill in the following equation for photosynthesis.
_____________+ water + carbon dioxide + chlorophyll _____________ + _____________
3. What are the end products of respiration?

4. How does yeast cause bread to rise?
5. How do your muscles continue to get energy during high levels of activity when there is not
enough oxygen?
Directions: For each of the following, write the letter of the term that best completes each statement.
6. Fermentation releases energy without using ______.
a. oxygen
b. glucose
c. energy
d. carbon dioxide
7. What process occurs in the mitochondria?

a. fermentation
b. photosynthesis c. respiration
d. metabolism
8. During respiration some energy is released as ______.

a. chemical energy
c. heat
b. light energy
d. carbon dioxide
9. When muscles are overworked, soreness is caused by a buildup of ______.
a. glucose
b. carbon dioxide c. lactic acid
d. energy
10. The green plant pigment that traps light energy from the Sun is called ______.
a. glucose
b. chlorophyll
c. oxygen
d. water
11. During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose and release ______.
a. carbon dioxide b. energy
c. oxygen
d. water
12. The energy used by all living things starts with ______.
a. producers
b. consumers
c. respiration
d. sunlight
13. The total of all chemical reactions in an organism is called ______.

a. metabolism
b. respiration
c. enzymes
d. photosynthesis
Cell Processes
27
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
The Effect of Temperature

on Solubility
The substance that is to be dissolved is called
the solute, and the substance that it is dissolved
in is called the solvent. In the example given,
sugar is the solute and hot tea water is the
solvent. When no more solute will dissolve at a
given temperature, we say that the solution is
saturated.
Materials
table salt
stirring rod
measuring spoons and measuring cups
thermometer
a shallow pan
Procedure

Temperature (C)
Teaspoons of salt (volume)
Volume of salt (tsp.)
Conclude and Apply

1. The salt seems to disappear as it goes into solution. How do we know it hasnt actually
disappeared, other than taste?
2. If you were to use a heat source to make the water even hotter, hypothesize how the solubility
of salt would be affected.
28 Cell Processes
1. Pour 1/2 cup cold tap water into a measuring cup. Measure the temperature. Add salt, 1 level
teaspoon at a time, while stirring. Repeat until the solution is saturated.
2. Record the number of teaspoons used and the temperature. Discard the solution.
3. Repeat the procedure using tap water that is about room temperature.
4. Repeat, using very hot tap water. WARNING: Always be careful when handling hot objects. After
recording the data, pour the solution into the pan and allow the water to evaporate overnight. Plot
your data on the graph below.
Temperature (C)
When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, the

molecules of the solid mix with the molecules
of the liquid. When you dissolve sugar in a
cup of tea, you know it is there because of the
taste, but you cant see the sugar.
In this experiment, you will see the effect of
temperature on solubility. Solubility is the
amount of a substance that dissolves in a
solvent at a given temperature.
Name
Enrichment
Class
Keeping a Balance
Water travels in and out of cells through the

cell membrane. Inside the cells, it is part of the
intracellular fluid. Outside the cells, water is
part of the extracellular fluid. This extracellular
fluid is found around cells in tissues and in
blood. Cells keep in balance with their environment by controlling what enters and leaves the
cell through passive and active transport. Passive
transport is the diffusion of molecules from a
place where their concentration is higher to a
place where it is lower, until the concentration is
equal on both sides of the membrane.
Body fluids contain many different dissolved substances such as sodium, potassium,
calcium, and magnesium. When the fluid outside a cell has the same concentration of these
dissolved substances as is present inside the
cell, the fluid is isotonic.
A fluid or solution that is referred to as
hypertonic has more of these dissolved substances than are inside the cell.
A solution that has less of these dissolved
substances is hypotonic.
Directions: The red blood cells diagrammed below are in different solutions. Label the diagrams of red blood
cells, indicating whether the solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic.
A
Shrunken cells
B
Disk-shaped cells
C
Spherical cells
A. ____________
B. _____________
C. ____________

1. What is happening in solution C?
2. Red blood cells are usually disk-shaped. What does the shape of the cells in solution A tell you
about the extracellular fluid?
3. Why does the cell change its shape?
Cell Processes
29
Date
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
Studying Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, light energy is used to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
The glucose is stored in the leaves and other plant parts in the form of starch, another carbohydrate. The following experiment will show whether starch is being made and stored when photosynthesis is interrupted. Iodine will be used as an indicator for the presence of starch. An indicator shows
the presence of a certain substance.
Materials
Procedure
1. Using paper clips, attach a strip of black
paper to the upper surface of 3 leaves on
the plant. Cover about 1/3 of the leaf.
2. Place the plant in a sunny window for 2 or
3 days.
3. Cut the partly covered leaves from the plant.
4. Remove the black paper and soak the leaves
overnight in the saucer of alcohol.
5. Remove the leaves from the alcohol. With

the medicine dropper, place a drop of
iodine on parts of the leaves that were covered and on parts that were not covered.
6. Add a few drops of iodine to the cornstarch
solution.

Color
Leaf
covered
uncovered
cornstarch
1
2
3
Conclude and Apply

1. Iodine is used as an indicator solution in this experiment. What change do you see in the color
of iodine when it is added to cornstarch?
2. Why do the uncovered parts of the leaves turn a different color than the covered parts?
30 Cell Processes
living green plant

piece of black paper
paper clips
saucer with rubbing alcohol
saucer with cornstarch solution
medicine dropper
tincture of iodine
Name
Date
Note-taking
Worksheet
Section 1
Class
Cell Processes
Chemistry of Life
A. Everything around you is made of ___________ and ___________.

1. Matter is anything that has _________ and takes up _________.
2. Energy can hold ____________ together or break it apart.
3. Matter is made of ___________.
b. Outside the nucleus are _____________, which are involved in ____________________.

4. Elementsmade up of only ______ kind of _______
a. Cannot be _________________ into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions
b. Arranged in a chart called the ______________________ of elements
5. Compoundsmolecular and ionic
a. Made of two or more _______________ in exact proportions
b. Have different _______________ from the elements they are made of
c. The smallest part of a molecular compound is a ________________.

d. ______________a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
e. Form when atoms share _______________
6. Ionic compounds
a. Ions_______________________ atoms, positive or negative
b. Ions of ______________ charges attract one another to form electrically
______________ compounds.
B. Mixturecombination of substances in which individual substances ____________________
1. Solutionmixture in which two or more substances are mixed ____________
2. Suspensionforms when a liquid or gas has another substance evenly ____________
throughout it
C. Organic compoundscontain ___________ and hydrogen and are usually associated with
living things or things that once were alive; four groups of organic compounds make up all
living things.
1. ___________________supply energy for cell processes
2. ___________store and release large amounts of energy
Cell Processes
31
a. A nucleus contains ___________ and ____________.
Name
Date
Class
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)

3. ___________are the building blocks of many structures
a. _____________smaller molecules that make up proteins
b. _____________proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions in cells
4. ___________________store important coded information in cells
D. Inorganic compoundsusually made from elements other than _____________
E. Importance of water
survive.
2. All chemical reactions in living things take place in ____________________.
3. Most living things use water to _______________ materials through their bodies.
Section 2
A. Cells have a selectively __________________ membrane that regulates what goes into or out
of the cell.
B. Passive transportthe movement of substances through a cell membrane ______________
the input of energy
1. Diffusionwhen molecules move away from areas where there are more of them into areas
where there are __________________ of them; stops when the molecules of one substance
are spread evenly throughout another substance and ___________________ occurs
2. Osmosisthe diffusion of __________ through a cell membrane.
3. In facilitated diffusion, _______________________ move substances into and out of the cell
C. Active transport requires ___________________ to move a substance through a cell membrane.
D. Endocytosis and exocytosis
1. Endocytosisthe process in which a substance is taken into a cell by surrounding it with
the ______________________, forming a sphere called a vesicle
2. Exocytosisthe process in which the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cells
membrane and the vesicles contents are ________________________ the cell
32 Cell Processes
1. Living things are composed of more than ________________ water and depend on it to
Name
Date
Class
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)

Section 3
Energy for Life
A. Cells use chemical reactions to change the chemical ____________ stored in food into forms
needed to perform activities.
1. Metabolismthe total of all ________________________ in an organism
2. The chemical reactions of metabolism require ______________.
____________________ into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food.

1. _____________organisms that make their own food; ______________organisms that
cant make their own food
2. Chlorophyll and other pigments are used in photosynthesis to capture __________ which is
used to produce sugar and __________.
C. Respirationthe process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler
substances and ______________________
1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the ____________________.
a. Carbohydrates are broken down into ____________________.

b. Each glucose molecule is broken down into two simpler molecules, releasing energy.
2. Respiration moves into the _________________.
a. The two simpler molecules are __________________ again, releasing much more energy.
b. This process uses ___________ and produces CO2 and water as wastes.
D. Fermentationcells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release
some of the stored energy in ___________________ molecules.
1. Entire process occurs in the _______________.
2. Produces ____________, ___________, and carbon dioxide as wastes.
E. Photosynthesis and _______________almost the opposite of each other
1. Photosynthesis produces __________ and ___________, which are used in respiration
2. Respiration produces _______________ and __________, which are used in photosynthesis.
Cell Processes
33
B. Photosynthesisthe process that plants and other organisms use to convert
Assessment
Assessment
34 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
Cell Processes
Chapter
Review
Part A. Vocabulary Review

Directions: Select the term from the following list that matches each description.
active transport
consumer
diffusion
matter
energy
enzyme
equilibrium
mixture
endocytosis
inorganic compound
metabolism
exocytosis
fermentation
passive transport
producer
organic compound
osmosis
1. movement of molecules without the input of energy

2. passive transport of water by diffusion
3. protein binds to a particle and uses energy to move through the
cell membrane
4. condition in which molecules of a substance are spread evenly
throughout a space
5. an organism that makes its own food
6. a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
7. a process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell
9. movement of molecules from an area of more molecules to an

area of less molecules
10. an organism that cant make its own food
11. compound containing carbon and hydrogen and is associated
with living things
12. process that releases energy without using oxygen
13. a substance made of elements other than carbon
14. process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with
the cell membrane
15. combination of substances in which each substance retains its
own properties
16. has mass and takes up space
17. the ability to cause change
Cell Processes
35
Assessment
8. all of the activities that occur within the cells of an organism
Name
Date
Class
Chapter Review (continued)

Part B. Concept Review
1. Explain the difference between compounds and mixtures.
Directions: Identify the following examples as a compound or a mixture.

2. glucose
3. blood
4. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds.
Directions: Identify the following examples as organic or inorganic.

5. water
____________________
8. chlorophyll
6. cellulose
____________________
9. carbon dioxide
7. calcium
____________________ 10. DNA
Assessment
Directions: Identify the following as part of active transport or passive transport.

12. mineral movement into plant root
13. osmosis
14. carrier proteins
15. diffusion
Directions: Write P if the item describes photosynthesis or R if it describes respiration.

16. carbon dioxide is waste
17. occurs in mitochondria
18. oxygen given off
19. makes glucose from CO2
20. uses light energy
21. uses chlorophyll
36 Cell Processes
11. Explain the function of a selectively permeable membrane.
Transparency
Activities
Cell Processes
41
Name
Date
Section Focus
Transparency Activity
Class
Chemicals for Life
1. Of the objects above, which come from living things?

2. Which objects do not contain substances that were once alive?
3. Name three substances that your body needs to survive that do not
come from living things.
42 Cell Processes
Every living thing is made of compounds containing carbon and

hydrogen. We consume many of these compounds for energy. However, some compounds that we consume do not contain the elements
carbon and hydrogen. These compounds are also necessary for life.
Name
Date
Section Focus
Class
Skin Deep
Misting with water helps keep supermarket produce fresh. Not all
the water stays on the skin of these fruits and vegetables; most of it
seems to disappear. The trick is finding out where it went.
1. When the water on the fruits and vegetables disappears, where

does it go?
2. Create a simple test to explain what happens to the water when it
disappears.
3. How do you think the water keeps the produce fresh?
Cell Processes
43
Name
Date
Section Focus
Class
Whats for dinner?
1. Which things in the picture are producers? Consumers?

2. Explain whether you are a producer or consumer.
3. If all the plants died, what effect would it have on the animals?
44 Cell Processes
Some organisms dont need anyone to survive, but others need help
to get by. In this picture, some of the living things shown can make
their own food. They are called producers. Other living things, called
consumers, depend on these producers for their survival.
Date
1
Teaching Transparency
Activity
Name
Class
Organic Compounds
Cell Processes
45
Name
Teaching Transparency Activity
Date
Class
(continued)
1. What type of compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen and are associated with living
things?
2. What substance supplies energy for cell processes?
3. What are the functions of lipids?
4. What substance helps build cell structures?
5. What two elements are contained in all organic compounds?
7. DNA and RNA are examples of what kind of organic compounds?
46 Cell Processes
6. List some examples of protein.
Name
Date
Assessment
Class
Cell Processes
Directions: Carefully review the diagrams and answer the following questions.
Salt
Membrane
1
Water
1. Which of the following questions would best be addressed by the

experiment shown above?
A Can salt float in water?
B What is the membranes permeability?
C Does salt dissolve in water?
D What compounds are found in salt?
2. This experiment probably relies on ___.

F osmosis
H friction
G endocytosis
J exocytosis
3. If the water and salt could cross the membrane equally, the water
would ___.
A increase on the left
C equalize
B increase on the right
D collapse the membrane
Cell Processes
47

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Glencoe Science

Section Focus Transparency Activities

Teaching Transparency Activity

Assessment Transparency Activity

Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity

Teacher Support and Planning

Content Outline for Teaching

FoldablesReading and Study Skills activity sheet

MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Meeting Individual Needs

Observing How Enzymes Work

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data and Observations

2. How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. What cell are you observing in this lab?

It is difficult to observe osmosis in cells because most cells are so small.

How does osmosis occur in an egg cell?

1. Use the tables on the next page to record

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Observe osmosis in an egg cell.

Conclude and Apply

3. Hypothesize why you used an unshelled egg for this investigation.

Communicating Your Data

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data and Observations

Photosynthesis and Respiration

2. Under what conditions will you place your test tubes?

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Observe green water plants in the light and

Color After 30 Minutes

Analyze Your Data

Conclude and Apply

Communicating Your Data

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data and Observations

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)

Questions and Conclusions

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Data and Observations

Oxygen and Photosynthesis

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)

Data and Observations

Questions and Conclusions

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Place one jar near a bright light where it

Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)

Amount of oxygen given off (mL)

4. a. How many hours did the plant receive light?

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

b. How many hours was the plant in the dark?

Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)

13. Where is chlorophyll found in plants?

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Meeting Individual Needs

Directed Reading for

Meeting Individual Needs

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Directed Reading for

All matter is made up of 1. ____________________. 2. ____________________ are

All matter is made up of 1. . 2. are