Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to self-assessment questions

Answers to SAQs
Chapter 30
34

= QV = 1.610191500 = 2.41016J
b Kinetic energy Ek = 12 mv2 so speed v =

26

1 Energy E = hf = 6.6310 110

= 6.63108J 6.6108J
2 Energy E = hc
34
8

For red light, E = 6.6310 3.010

9
70010

= 2.81019J
34
8
For violet light, E = 6.6310 3.010
9

1.710

9 Rearrange eV = hc
to give Plancks constant,
eV
h= c
For infrared LED,
19
9
hi = 1.610 1.3591010
= 6.551034Js
8

3.010

For red LED,

19

= 5.010 J

19
9
hr = 1.610 1.7067010
= 6.071034Js
8

3 Rearrange energy E = hc
to give
wavelength = hc
E
34
8
3.010
a = 6.6310 12
2.01013m, -ray
10
34
8
2.01010m, X-ray
b = 6.6310 3.010
10
2.010
34
8
3.010
2.0107m, ultraviolet
c = 6.6310 18
10
34
8
3.010
2.0105m, infrared
d = 6.6310 20
10
34
8
3.010
2.0m, radio wave
e = 6.6310 25
10
4 Energy of one photon, E = hc

34

16
= 22.410
= 5.31105ms1 5.3105ms1
27

40010

2Em

= 6.6310 3.010
= 3.071019J
7
6.4810
Number of photons = power of laser
energy per photon
per second
= 0.001019 = 3.261015s1 3.31015s1
3.0710

3.010

For amber LED,

19
9
ha = 1.610 2.0061010
= 6.511034Js
8

3.010

For green LED,

19
9
hg = 1.610 2.3056010
= 6.871034Js
8

3.010

Average value
= 14 (6.551034+6.071034

+6.511034+6.871034)
34
6.510 Js
10

a Energies that exceed the work function can
cause the release of an electron from the
metal: 2.0eV, 3.0eV.
b Rearrange hf = +k.e.max to give
k.e.max = hf
= photon energy work function
For 2.0eV photon, k.e.max = 2.0eV1.8eV
= 0.2eV
in joules, 0.2eV = 0.21.61019J
= 3.21020J
For 3.0eV photon, k.e.max = 3.0eV1.8eV
= 1.2eV
in joules, 1.2eV = 1.21.61019J
= 1.91019J

11

a Gold
b Caesium
c For zinc, threshold frequency
19

f0 = h = 6.910 34 = 1.041015 1.01015Hz

6.6310
d For potassium, threshold frequency
19

f0 = h = 3.210 34 = 4.831014Hz

5 Energy change, W = 1.2eV = QV

= 1.610191.2 = 1.921019J 1.91019J
6 Energy in joules, E = hf
Therefore energy in electronvolts, E = hf
e
where e is the electric charge of the electron.
34
8
= 12400eV 12keV
E = 6.6310 3.010
19
1.610

7 Rearrange energy E = hc
to give wavelength
34
8
6.6310 3.010
= hc
19
E =

101.610

1.24107m, ultraviolet
8 a
Note that these calculations assume the
proton is accelerated from rest.
Energy gained
= work done on proton by potential difference

6.6310

8
So wavelength = fc = 3.010 14 620nm
0

4.8310

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

Cambridge International A Level Physics

12

Answers to self-assessment questions

34
8
6.6310 3.010

a Energy E = hc
=
= 8.31019J
7

b See figure for one possible solution.

2.410

Energy / eV

b k.e.max = E = 8.310192.81019 = 5.51019J

c Rearrange k.e.max = 12 m(vmax)2 to give

13

19

= 1.1106ms1
vmax = 2Ek = 25.510
31
m
9.110
Rearrange hc
= +k.e.max to give

10

workfunction

34
8
20
6.6310 3.010
= hc
k.e.
=
J
9
20 = 5.910
max

34.8

200010 4.010

14

44.7

a Energy E = E1E2 = (7.82.2)1018= 5.61018J
Frequency f = E
h

59.7

18
= 5.610 34 = 8.441015 8.41015Hz

6.6310

Wavelength = cf
8

= 3.010 15 = 3.6108m (emission)

17

8.4410

b Energy E = E1E2
= (2.21.7)1018 = 5.01019J
Frequency f = E
h

18

19
= 5.010 34 = 7.541014 7.51014Hz

6.6310

Wavelength = cf

8
= 3.010 14 = 4.0107m (emission)

7.5410

c Energy E = E1E2
= (3.91.7)1018 = 2.21018J
Frequency f = E
h

18
= 2.210 34 = 3.321015 3.31015Hz

6.6310

Wavelength = cf

19

8
= 3.010 15 = 9.0108m (absorption)

3.3210

15

16

9.0eV, 11eV, 25eV, 34eV and 45eV correspond

to differences between energy levels, so they
can all be absorbed; 6.0eV and 20eV do not
20

correspond to differences between energy
levels and so cannot be absorbed.
34

6.6310 3.010

a Energy E = hc
9
=

8310
18
18
2.410
= 2.4010 J =
19 15eV
1.610
34
8
6.6310 3.010
Energy E = hc
=
9

5010
18
18
3.9810
= 3.9810 J =
19 25eV
1.610
34
8
6.6310 3.010
hc
Energy E = =
9
2510
18
18
7.9610
= 7.9610 J =
19 50eV
1.610

a Insulator
b Metal
c Semiconductor
In a semiconductor, the valence band is fully
occupied by electrons but the conduction
band is empty. The bands are close in
energy, so some electrons gain enough
energy to jump across into the conduction
band. As temperature decreases, the
number of electrons that can jump into
the conduction band also decreases. This
means conductivity decreases, and resistivity
increases.

a Electrons can behave as waves so they can
be diffracted by spaces between atoms.
b Each metal has a different lattice structure,
so each will produce a different diffraction
pattern.

a 1.0keV
b Rearrange kinetic energy Ek = 12 mv2 to give
speed v =

2Em = 210001.610
9.110
k

19

31

= 1.9107ms1
Momentum mv = 9.110311.9107

= 1.71023kgms1
c De Broglie wavelength
34
h = 6.6310 = 3.91011m
= mv
23
1.710
d The wavelength is much smaller than the
spacing, so there will only be a small amount
of diffraction.

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014