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SizingaStaticUPSSystemInDataCenter|EEP
SizingaStaticUPSSystemInDataCenter
SizingaStaticUPSSystemInDataCenter(onphotoAPCUPSdevicebyMatthewLandryviaFlickr)
UPSsystemservingadatacenter
ChoosingthepowerofastaticUPSsystemservingadatacenterisadecisionthatinvolvesvariouselementsandwhichcannotbemadebefore,
orindependentlyfrom,thechoiceofdistributionscheme.
Themainelementstoconsidercanbesummarisedasfollows:
Twofromthefollowingparametersoftheloadstobesupplied:activepower,apparentpowerorpowerfactor
Typeofloadpowersupply(voltage,frequency,numberofphases)
Loadcoincidencefactor
Requiredbackuptime
Typeofmainspowersupply(voltage,frequency,numberofphases)
Power
ThefundamentalcharacteristicofITequipmentloads,andmoregenerallyofallloadsequippedwithswitchingpowersupplies,isthecurrent
waveformandphase.Sincethesepowersuppliesonlyabsorbcurrentclosetomaximumvoltage,thetypicalwaveform,farfrombeingsinusoidal
(seeFigure1),hasaratherreducedbaselineandavertexincorrespondencewiththevoltagepeak.
Giventhesameeffectivevalue,thiswaveformhasthepeculiarityofhavingamuchhighercrestfactorthanthatofasinusoidalwave.
ThestaticUPSmustbeabletosupplythispeakcurrentvalue,whichisnormallyindicatedintheproductstechnicalspecificationsasthe
crestfactor.
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SizingaStaticUPSSystemInDataCenter|EEP
Figure1Typicalcurrentwaveformsof
computerloadscomparedwithasinusoidal
wave(dottedline)
InaccordancewithstandardEN620403,thesystemmustnotbederatedforstandardisednonlinearloadswithacrestfactorlowerthanthree
(3:1)
SometimesthenominalpowerofastaticUPSsystemisconfusedwithtermssuchasswitchingpower,computerpowerandactual
power.Theseexpressionswereprobablycoinedinanattempttodefineaparametercapableofmodellingsystempowereveninconditions
wherethecurrentandvoltagewaveformsaredistorted,neverthelessitshouldbeborneinmindthattheseparametersdonothavean
officialregulatorydefinitionandthereforecannothaveanycorrelationwiththeapparentpowerandnominalactivepowerofthestatic
system.
Consequently,theycannotbeusedtosizeastaticUPSsystem.
Withregardtothecurrentphaseitshouldbenotedthatthepowerfactoroftheloadsunderconsiderationisleading,andthereforespecific
precautionsmustbetakenwhensizingtheUPS.Currentcomputerloadshaveinputpowerfactorsupto0.9leading.Notehoweverthatthere
areUPSsystemsonthemarketthatareabletosupplypowerwithoutderatingeventhistypeofload.
Ifthestaticsystemisalsorequiredtodeliveralargeinrushcurrent,asinthecaseoflightingfixtureswithfluorescentbulbs,thismustdulybetaken
intoaccount.
Theparametersare:
IUPSMaximumcurrentvaluefromtheUPS
t UPSTimeforwhichIUPSissustainable
IloadOverloadcurrentrequiredbytheload
t loadTheoreticaloverloadtimerequiredbytheload
TheapparentpowerrequiredforsizingtheUPSwillbe:
TypicalvaluesofIUPSandt UPScanrangefromtypicalcurrentvaluesof150%ofnominalcurrentforoneminuteupto200%per100ms
withoutmainspowerorforUPSsystemsnotequippedwithbypass.
Thetypicalcoldinrushcurrentofanapplianceofthetypeunderconsiderationisequalto68timesthenominalcurrent,andin
practiceisonlylimitedbytheimpedanceoftheUPSandtheconductorscomprisingthepartofthedistributionnetworkaffectedbythe
event.
Autonomy
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CentralOperationsCentre10xApcinrowcoolingunitsDXwere
installed.3x500kVAAPCUPSdevices(photocredit:
dieselelectricservices.co.za)
Autonomyisessentiallylinkedtothetimethatthedatacentreisabletoguaranteecontinuedoperationandifnecessaryperformacontrolled
shutdown(typically3060min).
Ifservicemustbeguaranteedforalongtime(roughly6090min),asisoftenthecase,arotarygeneratorshouldbeprovidedtosupplypowerto
thestaticsystem,implementingprocedurestoensurefuelreplenishmentifnecessary.
APCUPSSymmetraPX160Overview
Cantseethisvideo?ClickheretowatchitonYoutube.
Reference:Planninganddesignforadatacenter//ElectricalPowerInfrastructureEATON
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