CHAPTER 1: What is Organizational behavior?

I.

The Importance of Interpersonal Skills

II.

What Managers do?

d) Negotiator- Responsible for representing the

organization at major negotiations

manager- an individual who achieves goals through

other people.

C. Management Skills
1. technical skills- The ability to apply specialized
knowledge or expertise.
2. human skills- The ability to work with,
understand, and motivate other people, both
individually and in groups.
3. conceptual skills- The mental ability to analyze
and diagnose complex situations.

organization- a consciously coordinated social unit,

composed of two or more people, that functions on a
relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or
set of goals.
A.

Management Functions

Earlier, managers perform five management

functions: planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating, and controlling. Today, we have
condensed these to four: planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling.
1.
2.

3.

4.

B.

D. Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities

1. Traditional management- Decision making,
planning, and controlling.
2. Communication- Exchanging routine
information and processing paperwork.
3. Human resource management- Motivating,
disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and
training.
4.
Networking- Socializing, politicking, and
interacting with outsiders.

planning- a process that includes defining goals,

establishing strategy, and developing plans to
coordinate activities.
organizing- determining what tasks are to be
done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be
grouped, who reports to whom, and where
decisions are to be made.
leading- a function that includes motivating
employees, directing others, selecting the most
effective communication channels, and resolving
conflicts.
controlling- monitoring activities to ensure they
are being accomplished as planned and
correcting any significant deviations.
Management Roles

1. Interpersonal Role
a) Figurehead- Symbolic head; required to perform
a number of routine duties of a legal or social
nature
b) Leader- Responsible for the motivation and
direction of employees
c) Liaison- Maintains a network of outside contacts
who provide favors and information
2. Informational Role
a) Monitor- Receives a wide variety of information;
serves as nerve center of internal and external
information of the organization
b) Disseminator- Transmits information received
from outsiders or from other employees to
members of the organization
c) Spokesperson- Transmits information to
outsiders on organizations plans, policies,
actions, and results; serves as expert on
organizations industry
3. Decisional Role
a) Entrepreneur- Searches organization and its
environment for opportunities and initiates
projects to bring about change
b) Disturbance handler- Responsible for corrective
action when organization faces important,
unexpected disturbances
c) Resource allocator- Makes or approves
significant organizational decisions

E.

A Review of the Managers Job

Each recognizes the paramount importance of

managing people, whether it is called the leading
function, interpersonal roles, human skills, or
human resource management, communication, and
networking activities. Its clear managers must
develop their people skills to be effective and
successful.
III.

Enter Organizational Behavior

organizational behavior (OB)- A field of study that
investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within organizations, for the
purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving
an organizations effectiveness.

IV.

Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study

systematic study- Looking at relationships, attempting
to attribute causes and effects, and drawing
conclusions based on scientific evidence.
evidence-based management (EBM)- The basing of
managerial decisions on the best available scientific
evidence.
Intuition- A gut feeling not necessarily supported by
research.

V.

Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field

Psychology- the science that seeks to measure, explain,
and sometimes change the behavior of humans and
other animals.
social psychology- an area of psychology that blends
concepts from psychology and sociology and that
focuses on the influence of people on one another.
Sociology- The study of people in relation to their
social environment or culture.

VI.

Anthropology- The study of societies to learn about

human beings and their activities.

group functioning- The quantity and quality of a work

groups output.

contingency variables- Situational factors: variables

that moderate the relationship between two or more
variables

Productivity- The combination of the effectiveness and

efficiency of an organization.

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

1.
Responding to Economic Pressures
2.
Responding to Globalization
3. Managing Workforce Diversity
4. Improving Customer Service
5. Improving People Skills
6. Stimulating Innovation and Change
7. Coping with Temporariness
8. Working in Networked Organizations
9. Helping Employees Balance WorkLife Conflicts
10. Creating a Positive Work Environment
11. Improving Ethical Behavior
workforce diversity- The concept that organizations are
becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age,
race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of
other diverse groups.
positive organizational scholarship- An area of OB
research that concerns how organizations develop
human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and
unlock potential.
ethical dilemmas and ethical choices- Situations in
which individuals are required to define right and wrong
conduct.

VII.

Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model

Model- An abstraction of reality. A simplified
representation of some real-world phenomenon.
Input- Variables that lead to processes.
Processes- Actions that individuals, groups, and
organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that
lead to certain outcomes.
Outcomes- Key factors that are affected by some other
variables.
task performance- The combination of effectiveness and
efficiency at doing your core job tasks.
citizenship behavior- Discretionary behavior that
contributes to the psychological and social environment
of the workplace.
withdrawal behavior- The set of actions employee take
to separate themselves from the organization.
group cohesion- The extent to which members of a
group support and validate one another while at work.

Effectiveness- The degree to which an organization

meets the needs of its clientele or customers.
Efficiency- The degree to which an organization can
achieve its ends at a low cost.
organizational survival- The degree to which an
organization is able to exist and grow over the long
term.

Summary and Implications for Managers

Managers need to develop their interpersonal, or
people, skills to be effective in their jobs. Organizational
behavior (OB) investigates the impact that individuals,
groups, and structure have on behavior within an
organization, and it applies that knowledge to make
organizations work more effectively. Specifically, OB
focuses on how to improve productivity; reduce
absenteeism, turnover, and deviant workplace
behavior; and increase organizational citizenship
behavior and job satisfaction. Here are a few specific
implications for managers:
Some generalizations provide valid insights into
human behavior, but many are erroneous.
Organizational behavior uses systematic study to
improve predictions of behavior over intuition alone.
Because people are different, we need to look at OB
in a contingency framework, using situational variables
to explain cause-and-effect relationships.
Organizational behavior offers specific insights to
improve a managers people skills.
It helps managers to see the value of workforce
diversity and practices that may need to be changed in
different countries.
It can improve quality and employee productivity
by showing managers how to empower their people,
design and implement change programs, improve
customer service, and help employees balance work
life conflicts.
It can help managers cope in a world of
temporariness and learn how to stimulate innovation.
Finally, OB can guide managers in creating an
ethically healthy work climate.