1.

Ideological parties
a. Opposite Extreme from the machine
b. Values principle above all else
c. The most firmly Ideological parties have been independent 3rd
parties
d. There have been ideological factions within the 2 major parties
e. During 50s and 60s
i. Called reform clubs w/in R and D parties
ii. Based on a generalized sense of liberalism or conservatism
f. During 60s and 70s
i. Became more focused social movements
ii. Generalized ideology of the clubs was replaced by the specific
ideological demands of single-issue activists
g. In many places the party has become a collection of people drawn
from various social movements
h. Internal factionalism is more intense
i. the freedom of action of the party leader is greatly reduced
2. Ticket splitting
a. Supporting a president from one party and members of Congress from
the other
b. Rose b/w 1952 and 1972 hovered around 25%
c. Was greatest in the South, yet still common everywhere
d. Creates Divided government [The white house and congress are
controlled by different parties]
e. Progressives persuaded states to adopt the office-bloc ballot in place
of the party-column ballot
i. Office-bloc ballot lists all candidates by office
ii. No way to vote a straight party ticket by making one mark
3. Natl conventions manage party affairs How?
a. Natl conventions determine the allocation of delegates
b. Determine the demographics of the delegates
c. Rules were created on the Natl level in order to increase the influence
of elected officials
4. Progressives and history of political party
a. Mugwumps, reformers
i. Opposed to the heavy emphasis on patronage
ii. Disliked party machinery b/c it permitted only bland candidates
to rise to the top
iii. Fearful of the heavy influx of immigrants into American cities
and ability of the party regulars to organize into machines
iv. Wanted to see the party take unpopular positions
b. Began to espouse measures to abolish political parties
c. Main Goal: reduce substantially the worst forms of political corruption
and ultimately to make boss rule in politics difficult if not impossible
5. Plurality System
a. An electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the
most votes, even if he/she doesnt get the majority
b. Used in almost all American elections
c. Winner-take-all

6. Difference between primary voters and caucus voters

a. Caucus meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or
another primary candidate
i. Middle man b/w party members and candidate
ii. Only the most dedicated partisans attend
b. Primary everyone in the party votes for the candidates
7. Traditional party organization and role of it in US today
a. Exists, but only in a few states
8. Distinct features of Jacksonian Party System
a. 2nd party system emerged 1824 Andrew Jackson and lasted until Civil
War
b. Political participation became a mass phenomenon
c. Party system built from the bottom up
d. Caucus system was replaced with the party convention
9. Political Realignments- in past
a. 2 kinds of realignments
i. Major party is so badly defeated that it disappears as a new
party emerges and takes its place
ii. 2 existing parties continue but voters shift their support from
one to the other
b. Party labels have lost their meaning realignment may not occur again
(instead dealignment may occur)
c. Electoral- new issue of utmost importance
10.
Super delegates?
a. Elected officials
b. The ones who will always vote for you no matter what
c. Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the natl
convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
11.
Why are 3rd parties not likely to win the presidency?
a. The electoral system
b. To win the presidency you must form a party with as broad appeal as
possible
12.
Most recent independent candidate to make the presidential
race for elections?
a. Ross Perot
13.
Progressives a lot of stuff about them
14.
How are candidates for office chosen in most states?
a. Primary elections
15.
Party organization
a. Solidary groups
i. Motivated by companionship
ii. Advantage: neither corrupt nor inflexible
iii. Disadvantage: not very hard working
b. Sponsored Parties
i. Created or sustained by another organization
16.
Which party org has to do with the sociability of politics?
17.
Which kinds of minor parties have the greatest influence on
public policy
a. Factional parties
18.
Jacksonian Era party system

19.

a. Democrats (Jackson) v. Whigs (opposed Jackson)

b. Political participation became mass phenomenon
How do the founders view parties
a. Disliked parties, viewed them as factions
b. Jefferson vs Hamilton