Socials 11 Chapter 12 Study Guide

Vocabulary:
Human Development Index: the UN's index used
to rank standards of living in its member countries
Standard of Living: a measure comparing how well
people live in different countries based on three
indicators: life expectancy, literacy rate, and gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita
Literacy Rate: the percentage of a population that
is able to read and write
GDP per Capita: gross domestic product, or the
total value of all goods and services produced in a
country in one year, divided by the population
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOS): nonprofit local, national, or international groups that
work independently of government on issues such
as health, the environment, or human rights
Developed Countries: the world's wealthiest
countries; they have well-established
infrastructures and their people are well-housed,
healthy, and have good literacy skills

Developing Countries: countries that have lower

standards of living; many have extensive poverty
Mortality: death rate, calculated as number of
deaths per 1000 people in a population
Malnutrition: poor, or lack of, nourishment
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF): a UN
organization that works to protect children's rights,
to make sure the basic needs of children are met
and to help children reach their full potential
World Health Organization (WHO): a UN agency
that coordinates international health activities and
helps governments improve health services
Tied Aid: aid given to a foreign country with
conditions attached
Canadian International Development Agency
(CIDA): Canada's leading development agency for
assistance to the developing world

Important Questions:
1.) What are the different ways of measuring a countrys development?
By using the human development index we can see the rankings of membered countries depending on
their standards of living. We can also use standard of living, which is a measure comparing how well
people live in different countries based on three indicators: life expectancy, literacy rate, and gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita.
2.) What is the impact of population growth on a countrys standard of living?
Population growth reduces a countrys standard of living, as their gross domestic product (GDP) per
capita declines. The costs of traffic congestion, longer travel times, and environmental damage are
added to the gross domestic product.
3.) What are the main causes of poverty?
War creates poverty along with national debt from the World Bank after the war. Gender
discrimination mainly towards woman preventing them from becoming independent. In regions
around the world that are already suffering from poverty, and natural disasters which can create more
issues for the poor.

4.) What problems are created by high debt in developing countries?

Due to the high debts of some developing countries they may have to increase taxes on basic goods.
But since the majority of the population is in poverty it makes it really challenging to for the citizens.
The country must also pay back such large debts that they must spend more money repaying debts
than improving their own healthcare system.
5.) How does improving the status of woman improve a countrys economic development?
By focusing on womans quality and education the status of woman can be improved resulting in
woman taking a larger role in economy by selling pottery, firewood, cloth, and anything else that can
keep their family from starving.
6.) What factors contribute to mortality rates?
Factors that contribute to mortality rates include not having access to basic health care, malnutrition,
diseases, lack of hygiene, and no access to clean water.
7.) What is the relationship between the levels of health of populations and their economic development?
Populations whom arent very economically developed usually have lower levels of health for
populations. This is due to no access to clean water, climate change; causing damaging floods or
extreme droughts, contaminated water sources and lack of hygiene.
8.) How do we determine the success of aid programs in assisting developing countries?
When woman for example are able to establish small businesses or buy plots of land, after being a part
of organizations assisting people in need by getting them jobs and keeping a portion of their pay until
their finished their four-year role, then they receive the money in a lum sum.
9.) What role does Canada play in aiding developing countries?
The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) was created to administer Canadas aid to
developing countries. Canada provides people with clean water and sanitation, improves womans

lives by reducing poverty, promoting access to rural services such as rural electricity and
communications, strengthen democratic development, help to create jobs and protect the environment.