MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGE FOR FILIPINO KIDS TRAINING PROGRAM

YOUNGSTER GROUP SESSION 2

TRICKS IN ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
Let us Build Understanding
1. Smallest whole number is 0.
2. The rightmost digit of a number is ones place digit. From ones place digit, the digits on it right are tens
place, hundreds place and so on.
3. Sometimes, we break down numbers for easy addition or subtraction. Another trick is to make the numbers
in addition or subtraction to be hundreds or thousands.
4. Let us learn more about the terms in addition or subtraction.
addend
minuend
addend
subtrahend
difference
sum
23
23
1 4
1 4
37
9
5. Below shows the properties of addition and subtraction. They are useful for easy addition or subtraction.
(a) a + b c = a c + b
(b) a b c = a c b
(c) a + (b c) = a + b c
(d) a (b + c) = a b c
(e) a (b c) = a b + c
6. To split and regroup numbers. During addition, we may remove the ones place digits and add the numbers.
After that, then add the ones place digits to the sum.
For example,
7 + 12 + 25 + 38 = 7 + 10 + 2 + 20 + 5 + 30 + 8
= 10 + 20 + 30 + 7 + 2 + 5 + 8
= 60 + 2 + 8 + 7 + 5
= 60 + 10 + 12
= 82
7. To split and regroup numbers. During subtraction, we may split the ones and tens then rearrange the terms to
make the sum easier to calculate.
For example,
81 26 = 80 + 1 20 6
= 80 20 6 + 1
= 60 5
= 55
8. If a number is close to multiple of 10, we may write the number as the difference of a multiple of 10 and a
one-digit whole number.
For example,
97 = 100 3, and 799 = 800 1
Example 1:
Solution:

Example 2:
Solution:

(a) 24 + 44 + 56
(b) 65 + 28 45
(a) 24 + 44 + 56 = 24 + (44 + 56)
= 24 + 100
= 124
(b) Let us interchange the order of two number, we know the result will still be the same.
65 + 28 45 = 65 45 + 28
= 20 + 28
= 48
20 19 + 18 17 + 16 15 + 14 13 + 12 11 + 10 9 + 8
Original Expression
= (20 19) + (18 17) + (16 15) + (14 13) + (12 11) + (10 9) + 8
=1+1+1+1+1+1+8

Example 3:
Solution:

= 14
(a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 L 99 100
(b) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
(a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 L 99 100
(1 100) 100 2
101 50
505
(b) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
99
81

Example 4:
Solution:

23 + 20 + 19 + 22 + 18 + 21
23 + 20 + 19 + 22 + 18 + 21
20 6 3 0 1 2 2 1
120 3
123

Example 5:

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1

1 2 3 4 3 2 1

4 4

Solution: Since

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
10 10
100
Brain Exercise
1. 32 + 24 + 28

2. 55 + 67 + 33

3. 56 37 + 44

4. 56 + 78 + 44 + 22

5. 52 + 69 + 18 + 31

6. 32 +19 + 25 + 18 + 21 + 5

7. 96 + 115 + 14 + 85

8. 47 + 62 + 89 + 38 + 55 + 53 + 11

9. 87 27 + 32

10. 256 + 89 56

11. 176 33 76

12. 55 + 36 25 16

13. 89 + 65 49 + 35

14. 127 + 8 117 18

15. 236 (136 + 29)

16. 82 47 + 18 53

17. 27 + 49 17

18. 138 + 35 38 + 65

19. 27 + 28 + 30 + 31 + 32

20. 55 + 54 + 57 + 62 + 58 + 64

21. 2 + 22 + 202 + 2002

22. 132 + 46 + 129 + 87 + 50 + 48

23. 49 + 46 + 54 + 48

24. 85 + 86 + 87 + 88 + 89 + 90

25. 32 + 35 + 34 + 36 47

26. 2 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52

Mind Strainers
1. 10 9 + 8 7 + 6 5 + 4 3 + 2 1

2. 20 + 19 18 + 17 16 + 15 14 + 13 12 + 11 10

3. 10099+9897+9695 ++ 4 3+21

4. 12+3 4 + 5 6 + 96 + 97 98 + 99 100 + 101

5. (20 + 18 + 16 + 14 + 12 + 10) (19 + 17 + 15 + 13 + 11 + 9)

6. 20 19 18 + 17 + 16 15 14 + 13 + 12 11 10 + 9
7. 1 + 2 +- 3 4 + 5 + 6 7 8 + 9 + + 94 95 96 + 9 7 + 98 99 100 + 101
8. 100 + 99 98 97 + 96 + 95 94 93 + 92 + 91 + 4 + 3 2 1
9. 20 19 + 18 + 17 16 + 15 +14 13 + 12 + 11 10 + 9 + 8 7 + 6
10. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1

11. 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+9+8+7+6+5+4

12. (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1) 6

13. 800 (1 + 2 + 3 + + 19 + 20 + 19 + + 3 + 2 + 1)

14. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + + 99 + 100

15. 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 +20 + 24 + 28 + 32 + 36

16. 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 +16 + 18 + 20 + 22 + 24

17. 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17

18. (2+4+6+8++100) (1+3+5++ 99)

19. 1234 + 2341 + 3412 + 4123

20. 12 + 23 + 34 + 45 + 56 + 67 + 78 + 89 + 91
Brain Provokers
1. Helen gives Eddie 80 pieces of candy and 10 boxes. She requires Eddie to put 2 pieces of candies in the first
box, 4 pieces of candies in the second box, 6 pieces of candies in the third box, 8 pieces of candies in the
fourth box, , this process continues until all the candies are distributed. Are the 80 pieces of candies
enough to fill in all the 10 boxes?
2. There is a box of oranges on the table. Linda took out three oranges from the box, got 6 more oranges after
two minutes later, then she took out three oranges more than the previous round from the box every two
minutes, the box of oranges was finally empty after the 10th times of taking. How many oranges were there
in the box originally?
3. An ant found a piece of longan, he liked to carry the longan to his home, but it was too heavy for him to lift
the longan alone. So, he called four ants to help him, yet they still could not lift it. So each ant had to invite
three ants for help, but lifting the longan was not possible yet. So, each of them invited two ants to help
them, and finally they lifted and carried the longan to his house. How many ants were there in carrying the
longan?
4. Mr. Robert often makes toys for children using hand making style. This morning Mr. Robert carries a large
piece of long wood to his house after his early morning exercises, he then saws the long wood into a number
of small pieces log. He then guides a group of children to play with these small pieces of wood log by
stacking them into several layers in pyramid shape such that there are 20 logs on the bottom layer, the
second to the lowest layer has 19 logs, the third to the lowest layer has 18 logs, , while the top layer has
only 1 log. How many logs are there in the stack?
5. There are 10 locks and 10 keys paired with each other. Jose mixed up all the locks and keys, at most how
many trials Jose must attempt to insert the right key so that all the locks will open?
6. A bus has 78 seats in all. Upon leaving the bus station, 1 passenger gets on the bus at the first stop, 2
passengers get inside the bus on the second stop, 3 passengers get on the bus on the third stop, and so on.
After how many bus stops will the bus be full with passengers? (Assume that before all the seats were not
taken yet, there were no passengers who got off from the bus)
7. An antique clock strikes at every 30 minutes and every hour. The number of strikes depends on the exact
time (that is; the number of the clock strikes equals to the clock hour) while every 30 minutes the clock
strikes once. How many times will the clock strike in 24 hours?
8. A stack of logs has 20 rows such that there are 7 logs in the top row and each row below the top row has one
more log than the row just above it. How many logs are in the stack?

9. There are a total of 5 layers in a shelf in a local supermarket, the top layer has 12 bottles of healthy juice,
each next lower layer has 3 more bottles of healthy juice than the one above it, how many bottles of healthy
juice are there on the shelves?
10. What is the sum of all the two-digit numbers whose units and tens places are both odd numbers?

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