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4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Debojit Sarker
Bangladesh University of Engineering and
12 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
1
2
Mohammad Ishtiaque Iqbal
, Mohammed Raihanul Alam Chowdhury
,
3
4
Debojit Sarker , and Dr. A.M.M. Taufiqul Anwar
Abstract
Underground water tank is defined as any one or a combination of tanks
that have 10% or more of their volume below the surface of the ground in
which they are installed. There are usually many environmental regulations
applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on
the nature of the fluid contained within. From PCA regulation it is known
that underground water tank has different support conditions, as like hinged
top and hinged base or free top and hinged base or free top and fixed base
or hinged top and fixed base. Storage tank has two types of loading
conditions, triangular and rectangular. The study is an analysis for free top
and fixed base support condition and triangular loading from soil outside the
tank and water inside the tank. This study also investigates the influence of
design parameters on response of underground water tank. Structural
parameters are taken as length-height ratio, width-height ratio, wall
thickness of water tank and soil density. The response characteristics are
maximum horizontal and vertical moments for long wall and short wall.
Underground water tank response has been evaluated by Finite Element
Method (FEM) using powerful package software SAP2000 analysis. Series
of underground water tank with different parameters varying over a range
were selected for analysis. Analyses of the model were conducted by
varying only one parameter at a time within specific range as well as
1
Dr. A.M.M. Taufiqul Anwar, Professor, Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering
and Technology, +8801711703308, tanwar@ce.buet.ac.bd
Page 1
1.
Introduction
2.
Objective
3.
Methodology
way, study on the effect of other parameters is also conducted. Moments and
shear calculated at different location of the model for different values of
parameters. Effects of Moment and shear for different parameter on the models
are presented graphically.
4.
Selection of Underground Water Tank Design Parameter
for Analysis
A simple model of underground water tank is selected for analysis. Support
condition of this model is selected fixed base and free top according to case-7 of
Rectangular Concrete Tanks, Revised fifth edition by Javeed A. Munshi, PCA
publication. This model will be analyzed for different parameters in
SAP2000v14.2.0. For all the models that will be analyzed for varying parameters,
maximum moment along X-axis and Z-axis for long wall, maximum moment
along X-axis and Z-axis for short wall will be calculated and finally the effect of
the parameters on the mentioned responses of the underground water tank will
be set out.
Since completely general and variable structure cannot be used for analysis, a
reference structure is used. For each structural parameter to be analyzed,
different models are made with different values of that parameter varying within a
selected range while all other parameters of the structure are kept fixed at their
reference values. The reference values of different parameters for the reference
underground water tank to be analyzed are in Table 01.
Table 01: Reference values of selected parameters for Underground Water Tank.
Parameters
Reference Value
10
30
20
b/a ratio
c/a ratio
18
60
100
100
Page 3
70
The loading and support conditions are given below (ACI Committee 350, 1995):
Dead load: Self weight of the walls and top and bottom slab.
Live load: Uniformly distributed load on top slab.
Leakage test prior to backfilling (D1).
Backfill prior to adding tank cover (D2).
Tank full with cover in place. Resistance provided by the soil is ignored.
Buoyancy forces.
Fixed base, free top.
Triangular lateral load.
Material Properties are given in Table 02. The 3D models have been analyzed for
variable parameters. For each parameter, variation within a range is done, while
keeping other parameters fixed at their reference values. The ranges of
variations of different parameters are shown in Table 03.
Modulus of elasticity
Poisons ratio
0.2
150 psf
Coefficient of thermal
expansion
5.5 * 10-06
Shear modulus
Page 4
Parameters
Tank height (a), ft
Variable value
10
Reference value
10
30
5, 10, 15, 20
20
b/a ratio
3, 4, 5, 6
c/a ratio
0.5, 1, 1.5, 2
18
3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5
Reinforcement
Grade, ksi
60
60
100
100
100
70
70
Saturated
density, pcf
Soil
Type of
soil
Gravel
Ysat
(KN/m3)
21
Ysat(lb/ft3)
Sand
18
115
Silt
20
128
Clay
22
140
134
For the purpose of the study selected response characteristics are shown below:
Page 5
5.
Influence of Structural Parameters on Behavior of
Underground Water Tank
A series of curves are plotted using the results of the analysis. Variation of slab
behavior is plotted along Y-axis and variation of structure parameters is plotted
along X-axis.
The effects of the following parameters are included in the study:
5.1
Page 6
5.2
Page 7
5.3
5.4
Page 8
6.
Maximum moment and shear of all axes increase at the same ratio as soil
density increases. As the density increases from sand to clay, it may be
required more reinforcement in critical sections to resist the moment
produced.
Maximum vertical moment and shear at short wall decreases as c/a ratio
decreases.
Only one support condition (fixed base, free top) was considered. Further
studies may cover other seven possible support condition containing
various combination of fixed and hinged base with free and hinged top.
Applying spring characteristics to the supports can explore different
simulation of practical situation.
Soil height was selected conservatively same as tank height. Effect of soil
height variation with the height of tank must be considered which has the
potential for providing more economical design guideline.
concrete such as- high density concrete could be selected as material for
technical advancement
7.
Graphical representation was done only for the selected range. Soil
parameters, loads and different grades for reinforcement should be
considered for more accuracy for the preparation of the design aid.
Conclusion
Maximum moment and shear of all axes increase at the same ratio as soil
density increases
Maximum vertical moment and shear at short wall decreases as c/a ratio
decreases.
Rates of change of both shear with the variation of c/a ratio to the reference
value are almost same.
Minimum design vertical moment at long wall and minimum design shear at
short wall is developed for b/a ratio 4.5 for both loading condition.
The results found by SAP analysis vary slightly than the values given at
PCA manual.
8.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
NY, 1988.
[5]
Page 10
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10] SAP90 - A Series of Computer Programs for the Finite Element Analysis of
Structures, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA, I992.
Page 11