1)

(a) A 4.00 gram sample of NaOH(s) is dissolved in enough water to make 0.50 liter of solution.
Calculate the pH of the solution.
(b) Suppose that 4.00 grams of NaOH(s) is dissolved in 1.00 liter of solution that is 0.50 molar in
NH3 and 0.50 molar in NH4+. Assuming there is no change in volume and no loss of NH3 to the
atmosphere, calculate the concentration of hydroxide ion, after chemical reaction has occurred.
The Kb for ammonia is 1.8 x 10¯5
2)
An excess of AgNO3 solution was added to a solution that contained 1.65 grams of a chloride
salt of an unknown element M. The AgCl precipitate was filtered, dried, and found to weigh 2.49
grams. Further experiments showed that the ion of element M had a +3 oxidation state in the
chloride salt.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of AgNO3 with MCl3.
(b) Caculate the percent of chlorine in MCl3.
(c) Caculate the atomic weight of the unknown element M.
3)
2 NO (g) + O2 (g) ---> 2 NO2 (g)
A rate expression for the reaction above is - d [O2] / dt = k [NO]2 [O2].
Substance DHf° (kJ/mole) S° (J mole¯1 K¯1) DGf° (kJ/mole)
NO(g) 90.37 210.6 86.69
O2(g) 0 205.0 0
NO2(g) 33.8 240.4 51.84
(a) For the reaction above, find the rate constant at 25 °C if the initial rate, as defined by the
equation above, is 28 moles per liter-second when the concentration of nitric oxide is 0.20 mole
per liter and the concentration of oxygen is 0.10 mole per liter.
(b) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C.
4-12) Use apppropriate ionic and molecular formulas to show the reactants and the products for
the following, each of which results in a reaction occurring in a aqueous solution except as
indicated. Omit formulas for any ionic or molecular species that do not take part in the reaction.
You need not balance. In all cases a reaction occurs.
4. A solution containing tin(II) ions is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
5. Liquid bromine is added to a solution of potassium iodide.
6. An excess of ammonia gas is bubbled through a solution saturated with silver chloride.
7. Water is added to a sample of pure sodium hydride.
8. An excess of chlorine gas is added to pure acetylene.
9. A dilute solution of sulfuric acid is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes.
10. Excess oxygen gas is mixed with ammonia gas in the presence of platinum.
11. Dilute nitric acid is added to crystals of pure calcium oxide.
12. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate until
the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added is twice the number of moles of the calcium
salt.
13)
Reactions requiring either an extremely strong acid or an extremely strong base are carried out in
solvents other than water. Explain why this is necessary for both cases.
14)
Alcohol dissolves in water to give a solution that boils at a lower temperature than pure water.
Salt dissolves in water to give a solution that boils at a higher temperature than pure water.
Explain these facts from the standpoint of vapor pressure.
15)
2 Cu + S <===> Cu2S
For the reaction above, DH°, DG°, and DS° are all negative. Which of the substances would
predominate in an equilibrium mixture of copper, sulfur, and copper(I) sulfide at 298 K? Explain
how you drew your conclusion about the predominant substance present at equilibrium. Why
must a mixture of copper and sulfur be heated in order to produce copper(I) sulfide?
16)
Suppose that a molecule has the formula AB3. Sketch and name two different shapes that this
molecule may have. For each of the two shapes, give an example of a known molecule that has
that shape. For one of the molecules you have named, interpret the shape in the context of a
modern bonding theory.
17)
Draw structural formulas for seven different isomers of C3H4Cl2.
18)
Briefly outline a laboratory procedure that can be used to determine the composition of an alloy
of coper and silver. The alloy dissolves completely in concentrated nitric acid.