EEDI

Energy Efficiency Design Index

MAN Diesel & Turbo

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MAN B&W Diesel

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

The changing climate

Time to act

EEDI In a nutshell
The IMO regulations

Time to act

New standards

What is it?

Climate change is a major challenge facing the world

After intensive discussions with stakeholders, the IMO

The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) calculates

today. As a result of the greenhouse effect, caused

has adopted a number of mandatory instruments

a vessels energy efficiency, based on a complex for

by emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2),

requiring new ships to meet higher standards of effi

mula. This takes into account the ships emissions,

average temperatures are climbing. This threatens

ciency. These encompass every stage of a ships life-

its capacity and speed. The lower a ships EEDI, the

fragile ecosystems and poses huge risks for agricul

cycle, applying to design, operation, maintenance, crew

more efficient it is. Under the regulations, ships are

ture potentially destabilising the global economy.

training, upgrades and retrofits.

required to meet a minimum energy efficiency require

ment in other words, their EEDI must be equivalent

In our own interests, and those of future generations,

One of these measures is the Energy Efficiency Design

we all share a responsibility to minimise the impact

Index (EEDI), which requires new ships to meet a certain

of climate change. This means working proactively to

level of energy efficiency from the outset. Another man

Who is affected?

reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

datory scheme, the Ship Energy Efficiency Manage-

The EEDI does not apply to all ships. Initially, it targets

ment Plan (SEEMP), which governs operations, applies

the vessels responsible for the most emissions. In its

to all ships.

current form, it applies to new ships of and above 400

Shipping makes a difference

Although shipping is already the most efficient form

EEDI =

CO2 emission P Cf SFC

=
Benefit of ship Capacity speed

to or less than a threshold value.

GT, where a building contract is placed on or after 1

of bulk transportation, it plays an important role:

Financial incentives

January 2013. If there is no contract, it applies when

increasing globalisation is set to raise the amount of

In addition, market-based measures such as levies

keel-laying occurs on or after 1 July 2013. In both

goods travelling by sea. Against this background, the

or emissions trading may be introduced in the future,

cases, delivery must be on or after 1 July 2015. How

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has identi

creating further incentives for efficient ships. These

ever, nation-states have the right to delay the EEDIs

fied potential for improving the efficiency of shipping

are currently the subject of discussion at the IMO, al

application by up to four years to ships flying their flag.

even further, based on existing technologies such as

though they are proving to be controversial.

Older vessels will only require an EEDI should they un

streamlined engines and improved design.

New ships over 400GT Keel laying after July 2013

dergo a major conversion on or after 1 January 2013.

In addition, EEDI benchmarks will be raised succes
sively new ships built in 2015, 2020 and 2025 will

Global CO2 emission

Shipping trade routes

need to meet even higher standards.

2013

2015

2020

2025

And who is exempt?

Vessels with diesel-electric, gas turbine or hybrid pro
pulsion do not need an EEDI. Currently, RoRo, RoPax,
cruise, offshore and other vessels not explicitly men
tioned in the regulations are also exempt. However,
the IMO has announced its intention of expanding the
EEDI to include additional types of ships down the
track, based on the results of its experience with the
first phase.

Shipping

Aviation

Rail a.o.

Road

Non transport

Primary trade routes

Diesel Electric Drive

Hybrid Propulsion Drive
Gas Turbine

RoRo / RoPax
Cruise
Offshore

Secondary trade routes

MAN B&W Diesel

4

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI means efficiency

Definition & application

Anatomy of the Energy Efficiency Design Index

Formula & Definitions

EEDI (g CO2 / t nm)

Required EEDI
50

New ships from 1.1.2013

45

New ships from 1.1.2015

40

New ships from 1.1.2020

35

Efficiency
Technologies

Reference line

20
15

Included

25.000

50.000

75.000

Transport work
100.000

125.000

150.000

175.000

200.000

Required EEDI

Assumption

The required EEDI represents a minimum energy ef

The EEDI assesses the energy consumption of the

ficiency requirement for new ships depending on ship

vessel at normal seafaring conditions, taking into ac

type and size. This begins with a baseline value in

count the energy required for propulsion and the hotel

2013 and is raised successively in three steps until

load for the crew. Energy consumed to maintain the

2025. The baseline for the required EEDI is calculated

cargo and for manoeuvring or ballasting is not con

from the EEDI of vessels built after the millennium.

sidered.

Engine Power (P)

Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC)

Individual engine power at 75% Maximum Continous Rating

Fuel use per unit of engine power

Main engine power reduction due to individual

technologies for mechanical energy efficiency

Auxilliary engine power reduction due to individual

technologies for electrical energy efficiency

Power of individual shaft motors divided by the

efficiency of shaft generators

Combined installed power of auxilliary engines

Individual power of main engines

Power Excluded EEDI

Auxiliary engines

Boiler

Cargo heat
Thrusters

Switch board

CO2 Emissions (C)

CO2 emission factor based on type of fuel used by given engine

Cargo pumps

Main engine composite fuel factor

Cargo gear

Auxilliary engine fuel factor

Ballast pumps

Main engine individual fuel factors

Reefers
PAE

Ship Design Parameters

PowerIncluded
Included EEDI
Power
Shaft motor
PPTI
Shaft power
PS

Shaft Generators /
Motors Emissions

25

10

Auxiliary
Engines Emissions

New ships from 1.1.2025

Excluded

30

Main Engines
Emissions

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

Shaft
generator PFTO

Waste heat recovery etc.

PAEeff

Main engine pumps (2,5% PME)

Main engine
PME

Accomodation (250 kWh)

Ship speed at maximum design load condition

SFC

Main engine (composite)

SFC

Auxilliary engine

SFC *

Auxilliary engine (adjusted for shaft generators)

SFC

Main engine (individual)

Correction and Adjustment Factors (F)

Non-dimensional factors that were added to the EEDI equation
to account for specific existing or anticipated conditions that
would otherwise skew individual ships rating
Availability factor of individual energy efficiency
technologies (=1.0 if readily available)
Correction factor for ship specific design elements.
E.g. ice-classed ships which require extra weight
for thicker hulls
Coefficient indicating the decrease in ship speed
due to weather and environmental conditions
Capacity adjustment factor for any technical/
regulatory limitation on capacity (=1.0 if none)

Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) rating for bulk ships and

tankers; a percentage of DWT for Containerships
DWT indicates how much can be loaded onto a ship

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

Meeting the EEDI requirements

with MAN Diesel & Turbo

To comply with the EEDI, ships need to be fitted with efficient, well-designed technology. MAN Diesel & Turbo offers a comprehensive range of solutions, including
engines, turbochargers and propellers. Built entirely by MAN Diesel & Turbo, these
systems reflect the high quality standards that have made us a world leader.
Highly efficient engines

Multiple combinations

As gas contains less carbon, running engines on liquid

MAN Diesel & Turbo offers a wide range of energy

natural gas (LNG) produces far lower emissions. This

efficiency devices to provide the optimum solution for

leads to a significantly reduced EEDI. MAN Diesel &

your vessel. One of the most efficient ways to optimise

Turbo has recently introduced a range of extremely

your vessel is through the use of Kappel propellers in

efficient and versatile dual-fuel engines, suitable for

combination with a rudder bulb. Whether your engine

almost all types of shipping. These allow shipowners

is driven by liquid or gaseous fuels, this increases the

to benefit from the increasing availability and attractive

efficiency of your vessel up to 10%.

price of gas, yet offer full fuel flexibility.

Carbon Factors
CF
(t-CO2/
t-Fuel)

3,30
3,20

Diesel
Gas Oil

Various solutions on the market today and how they can be combined
Light
Fuel Oil
(LFO)

Heavy Liquefied Liquefied Liquefied

Fuel Oil Petrole- Petrole- Natural
(HFO)
um Gas um Gas
Gas
(LPG/
(LPG/
(LPG)
Propane) Butane)

-1,7%

-2,9%

-6,4%

-5,5%

Post Swirl Finns

Post Swirl Finns

Rudder Bulb

3,00

Kappel

2,90

2-3%

2-5%

PBCF

2,80

AHT Nozzle

2,70
2,60
2,50

PBCF

AHT Nozzle

Mewis Duct

Pre Swirl Finns

Efficiency rudders

3,205 3,151 3,114 3,000 3,030 2,750

3-5%

Mewis Duct

Pre Swirl Finns

Efficiency rudders

Due to reduced carbon factors, the use of LNG by the

new 35/44DF results in approx. 14% lower EEDI

Kappel

-14,2%

3,10

CF
(t-CO2/
t-Fuel)

Rudder Bulb

Can be combined

2-5%

5-8%

3-8%

Can sometimes partly be combined

3-5%

2-4%

should not be combined

MAN B&W Diesel

8

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

Waste heat recovery

The more efficient an engine is, the more power it ob

to ten per cent more power can be obtained using an

tains from the same amount of fuel. At MAN Diesel &

effective waste heat recovery system.

Turbo, we have the expertise to maximise this out

put: for example, by making use of the heat given off

The energy recovered by this system can be used to

by the combustion process, which can be recovered

heat accommodation, fuel and/or cargo, or power a

from the cooling water and exhaust gases. In fact, up

steam turbine and generator.

15%

heat
power generation, recovery
air conditioning

hot
water

heat
recovery

steam

17%

15%

exhaust gas
losses

thermal
energy recovery

11%

32%

electrical
propulsion
30%

generators

freshwater
generation

4 engines, 1 stand-by

45%

12%

seawater
cooling losses

Typical energy heat balance of a cruise ship

Carbon Factors
Shaft power
output: 47,34%

Gain: 11,0%
EI, power production of TES: 5,0%
Lubricating oil cooler: 4,6%
Jacket water cooler: 4,4%
Exhaust gas and condenser: 13,6%
Air cooler: 17,1%
Heat radiation: 2,2%

Fuel 100%

9L48/60CR at 85% MCR

10 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 11

Example
Attained EEDI vs Required EEDI

Container ship

Tanker (2008)

DWT design draught 15375 t

DWT design draught 7900 t

ME 11200 kW (MAN B&W 8L58/64)

ME 3360 kW (MAN 6L32/44CR)

AE 4 x 1720 kW (MAN 8L21/31)

AE 1 x 1290 kW (MAN 6L21/31)

Generator efficiency 93%

Generator efficiency 93%

Speed 19 knots

Speed 13,3 knots

Diesel/Gas Oil, ISO 8217, DMC DMX

Diesel/Gas Oil, ISO 8217, DMC DMX

Requirement Container ship

Requirement Tanker
1

IMO No.

50
45

Phase 0: 1 Jan 2013 31 Dec 2014

40

Required EEDI

Attained EEDI: 25,49

Required EEDI: 26,96

Required EEDI
Compliance Index

59960

Calculation ref.

14,58

Phase 0: 1 Jan 2013 31 Dec 2014

Required EEDI: 15,07

20

94

Compliance Index

35

Attained EEDI
Attained EEDI: 14,24

26,96

IMO No.

25

25,49

Attained EEDI

Calculation ref.

15,27
N/A
718835

15

30
25

10

20

10

EEDI

EEDI

15

50.000
New ships from 1.1.2013

100.000
New ships from 1.1.2015

150.000
New ships from 1.1.2020

Sensitivity

200.000
New ships from 1.1.2025

250.000
Reference line

Assumptions and considerations:

50.000

100.000

New ships from 1.1.2013

150.000

New ships from 1.1.2015

200.000

250.000

New ships from 1.1.2020

Sensitivity

300.000

350.000

New ships from 1.1.2025

400.000

450.000

Reference line

Assumptions and considerations:

Attained EEDI: 25,49

All variations are only done with changing the ME

Attained EEDI: 14,24

All variations are only done with changing the ME

Attained EEDI: 22,29 (with 12V51/60DF)

characteristics.

Attained EEDI: 13,84 (with engine 9L27/38;

characteristics.

Attained EEDI: 18,06 (with engine 9L51/60DF;

9000 kW and 18 knots)

3060 kW and 185 g/kWh SFC*)

Attained EEDI: 12,64 (using 6L35/44DF)
* 85% MCR

12 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 13

World Class After Sales Support

For marine propulsion and GenSets

Service Facilities
(Service Centres,
Authorized Repair Shops,
Spare Parts Stocks)
Agencies

PrimeServ peace of mind for life

The PrimeServ offering

With more than 150 PrimeServ service stations and

Based on almost 110 years of service experience

service partners worldwide, plus our growing network

with

of PrimeServ Academies, the MAN Diesel & Turbo

logistics system ensures that all frequently requested

after-sales organisation is committed to maintaining

spare parts are available worldwide within 24 hours.

the most efficient and accessible after-sales organisa

In addition, MAN Diesel & Turbo Online Service

tion in the business.

helps to optimise maintenance cycles by the use

marine

diesel

engines,

our

sophisticated

of remote engine monitoring, diagnostics and cali

PrimeServs aim is to provide:

bration. The resulting condition-based maintenance

(CBM) promotes high availability, increases opera

Prompt delivery of high demand OEM spare parts

within 24 hours

Fast, reliable and competent customer support

Individually tailored O&M contracts
Ongoing training and qualification of service personnel
Global service, open 24 hours-a-day, 365 days-a-year
Diagnosis and troubleshooting with our high perfor-

tional safety, shortens downtimes and enhances the

performance of MAN Diesel & Turbo marine engines.

mance Online Service

The bottom line: leaner operating costs and better

planning for you.
When service is required, the MAN PrimeServ network
responds to organise assistance as fast as possible.

Retrofitting of the latest MAN Diesel & Turbo

This guarantees rapid completion of maintenance

engine and turbocharger technologies for improved

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engines, GenSets, turbochargers, gears, propellers

and marine propulsion packages.

In short: MAN PrimeServ gives you the benefit of our
specialist expertise in marine power so that you can
14 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

concentrate on your own core business.

All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational
purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the
subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to
changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This
will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially
specific site and operational conditions. CopyrightMAN Diesel & Turbo.
D2366498EN Printed in Germany GMC-AUG-08122

MAN Diesel & Turbo

86224 Augsburg, Germany
Phone +49 821 322-0
Fax
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