International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

E-ISSN2249 8974

Research Article

SURFACE ROUGHNESS PREDICTION MODEL USING ANN &

ANFIS
S. Hari Krishna1, K.Satyanarayana2, K. Bapi Raju3

Address for Correspondence

PG Student, Mechanical Department, JNTU, Kakinada, (A.P), India

2
Ph.D Scholar, EEE Department, Vignan University, Guntur, (A.P), India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Mech., Swarnandhra Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Now a days the general manufacturing problem can be described as the achievement of a predefined product quality with
given equipment, cost and time constraints. There is a rapid development in the quality of advanced aero space materials
like aluminum and its alloys with improved properties. The difficulties in machining of these materials economically and
effectively are limiting their applications. The development of the new cutting tool materials is reaching an optimum level.
Some quality characteristics of product such as surface roughness are hard to ensure and play an important factor in
determining the quality of the product. Three cutting parameters viz., speed, feed, depth of cut are considered with constant
nose radius. Experiments are carried out on aluminum alloy, AA 6351 and machined on Computer Numerical Control Lathe
(CL 20 TL5) Turning Machine. Surface roughness of the machined piece was measured by using surface test stylus
instrument with diamond tip and the effect of each cutting parameter over surface roughness was studied. Two models have
been developed to predict the surface roughness. This paper utilizes two computational methods that is Adaptive-neuro fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS), modeling and Artificial neural network (ANN) to predict surface roughness of work piece for
variety of cutting conditions in hard turning. These models are developed in order to capture process specific parameters and
predict surface roughness.
KEYWORDS ANN, ANFIS, Surface roughness, CNN, MATLAB

I. INTRODUCTION
The important goal in the modern industries is to
manufacture low cost, high quality products in short
time. An automated and computerized system can be
used to achieve this goal. Turning and milling are the
most common methods employed for metal cutting
and especially for finishing of machined parts. It is
widely employed in a variety of manufacturing units
such as aerospace and automotive sectors. Surface
roughness is a measure of the quality of a product and
a factor that greatly influences manufacturing cost. It
can be generally stated that the lower the desired
surface roughness the more the manufacturing cost
and vise versa.
The measured surface roughness
describes the geometry of the machined surface. The
surface roughness combined with the surface texture,
which is process dependant, can play an important
role on the operational characteristics of the part.
Surface roughness has received serious attention for
many years. It has formulated an important design
feature in many situations such as parts subject to
fatigue loads, precision fits, fastener holes, and
aesthetic requirements. In addition to tolerances,
surface roughness imposes one of the most critical
constraints for the selection of machines and cutting
parameters in process planning. The quality of the
surface plays a very important role in the performance
of machining as a good-quality product significantly
improves fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, and/or
creep life. Surface roughness also affects several
functional attributes of parts, such as contact causing
surface friction, wearing, light reflection, heat
transmission, and ability of distribution and holding a
lubricant, coating, or resisting fatigue. Therefore, the
desired finish of surface is usually specified and the
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appropriate processes are selected to reach the

required quality. Several factors influence the final
surface roughness in any machining operation. The
final surface roughness might be considered as the
sum of two independent effects: (i) the ideal surface
roughness is a result of the geometry of tool and feed
rate and (ii) the natural surface roughness is a result of
the irregularities in the cutting operation.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Surface roughness has received serious attention for
many years. It has been an important design feature
and quality measure in many situations such as parts
subject to fatigue loads, precision fits, fastener holes
and esthetic requirements. Further more, surface
roughness in addition to tolerances imposes one of the
most critical constraints for cutting parameter
selection in manufacturing process planning. A
considerable amount of studies has been investigated
on the general effects of the speed, feed, and depth of
cut and constant nose radius on the surface roughness.
A popularly used model of estimating the surface
roughness value is as fallows [1] (Groover 1996, p.
634 and Boothroyd and Knight 1989, p.166)

f2
... (1)
32r
Where Ri = ideal arithmetic average (AA) B surface roughness (in.
or mm), f 2 = feed (in. /rev or mm/rev), and r = cutter nose radius
Ri =

(in. or mm).

The above model assumed a relatively large noses

radius and slow feed.
For a zero nose radius and a relatively large feed, the
fallowing model is recommended [2] (Boothroyd and
Knight 1989, p.168):

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

Ri =

f
(cot + cot )
4

(2)

Where and is the major and end cutting edge angle, respectively.

Shaw (1984) [3] presented a case when the feed lies

between the above two. Denoting the peak-to-valley
roughness by Rth , then
2

f 2Rth Rth

R
=
+sin + th 1+coscot (3)
r
r r

r
Feng (2001) [4] compared the application Equations
(1) and (2) as well as the GE modified procedure out
lined. They concluded that equation (1) is almost
always more accurate than equation (2) when compare
to the observed values of surface roughness. Equation
(2) is virtually useless, since in more than 75 % of the
cases among 96 experiments the absolute percent error
(APE) of computed values from Equation (2)
compared to their respective observed once was
between 500% and 4092%.Also equation (1) modified
by the GE ratio has been found always more accurate
than Equation (1) used alone. Since our previous
sequential studies (Feng 2001) have identified the
factors and factor interaction that are important in
determining the surface roughness in finish turning.
This paper focuses on the modeling methodology and
the related model validation and comparison
procedures.
Gershenfeld, N. (1999) [5] Termed mechanistic
models as analytical models and empirical models as
observational models.In general empirical models tend
to be more specific than analytical models. requires
recalculation as new data becomes available,
intelligent systems have the ability to quickly
incorporate
this
new
data
And
Additionally, intelligent systems such as fuzzy logic,
neural networks, genetic algorithms, probabilistic
reasoning, and hybrids between these systems have
been found to be superior to regression due to their
ability to learn from experience in a complex system
such as turning (Zilouchain & Jamshidi, 2001) [6].
Where regression requires recalculation as new data
becomes available, intelligent systems have the ability
to quickly incorporate this new data and use it to tune
itself. One type of intelligent system that has found
popularity recently is a hybrid called fuzzy-nets (FN).
Also known as Neuro-fuzzy systems or fuzzy neural
networks (FNN), FN is ideal because it combines the
more efficient learning capability of neural networks
and the advanced reasoning capability of fuzzy logic.
Training data in a real- world application tends to be
sparse, thus limiting the ability of a neural network by
it self (as well as regression, for that matter), so the
inclusion of fuzzy logic to shorten the training and
learning time of a neural network makes this
combination an excellent solution[7] (Badiru &
Cheung,2002). Various methods are available, with
most variations found in training schemes, fuzzy logic
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membership schemes, and input/output data types. At

the percent time, the application of FN systems to
surface roughness prediction in a turning operation is
somewhat limited. Jioa (2004) [8] utilized a similar
fuzzy adaptive network to create a prediction model
using spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. While
limited in scope,
This study did illustrate some advantage of such a
system over regression modeling of complex systems
such as turning. Abburi and Dixit (2006) [9]. Did a
similar study, comparing the use of a standard neural
network system to that of combined artificial neural
network and fuzzy-sets system. The prediction
systems created in this study confirmed that the
combination of fuzzy logic and artificial neural
network is more capable and manageable than neural
networks alone. The researchers involved in both of
these studies conclude that their results indicate that
these types of systems are well suited to turning
operations and further studies of wider scope are
prescribed.
Chang-Xue (jack) Feng (2006) [10], inn this paper
analysis of variances is used to examine the impact of
turning factors and factor interactions on surface
roughness. Y.Kevin Chou and Hui Song [11] analyzed
tool nose radius effects on finish turning of hardended
AISI 52100 steels have been investigated results show
that large tool nose radii only give finer surface finish.
E.Daniel Kirby*, Joseph C. Julle Z. Zhang [12]
developed Fuzzy-nets models for prediction of surface
roughness using feed rate, spindle speed, tangential
vibrations. Al-Ahmari (2001) [13] developed
empirical models of tool life, surface roughness and
cutting forces for turning operations.
Ship-Peng Lo(2003) [14] developed Network based
fuzzy inference system (NFIS) that was used to
predict the work piece surface roughness using spindle
speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. He considered two
different membership functions of NFIS. Triangular
and trapezoidal, and were adopted during the training
process in order to compare the prediction accuracy of
surface roughness. Surajya K. pal & Debabrata
Chakraborty (2005) [15] in this work developed a
back propagation neural network model for the
prediction of surface roughness in turning operation
using feed and the cutting forces as inputs to the
neural network model. Shirashi and Sato (2002) [16]
suggested an optical technique using He-Ne laser
beam to measure the surface roughness, and job, and
dimension. The methodology is very difficult to
implement in machining because of the constant
production of chips, which, protrude in the direction
of the sensing beam, and also because of the presence
of the cutting fluid. Chien and Tsai (2003) [17] used
the back propagation neural network for predicting the
tool wear and determining the optimum cutting
condition in turning operations.

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

Risbood (2005)[18] developed a neural network based
model to predict surface roughness and dimensional
accuracy through the measurement of cutting forces
and vibration. The model was developed in the
MATLAB environment. One of the major drawbacks
with the ANN method, a kind of empirical modeling
method, is that these studies did not apply the factorial
experimentation approach to design the experiments.
Therefore, the data and conclusions obtained were
biased and factor interactions were not clearly
examined. Another drawback is that each study
limited to only a small number of parameters.
Furthermore, the regression analysis (RA) and
Artificial neural network method in surface roughness
modeling possesses the general drawbacks of an
empirical modeling method as described previously.
This research features the following contributions.
First, it applies the factorial experimentation approach
to design several rounds of experiments following the
sequential experimentation strategy. The impact of
each individual factor and factor interactions on
surface roughness are clearly examined with a
reasonably small amount of time and cost. Second,
with the improved accuracy of todays machine tools
and surface roughness measuring devices and the
increased computing power of todays computers and
software, the research is able to include more
parameters simultaneously with more accurate
experimental data. Third, this research is able to use
the computational neural networks (CNN) in addition
to the RA method in developing the empirical models
for surface roughness prediction. These two methods
have been recently termed data mining techniques
[19] (Written and Frank 2001). The appears to be the
only research in the literature contributed to the
application of CNN in surface roughness study, but
they focused on the development of a surface
roughness measuring system. They did not compare
the CNN results with the RA method. Also, they did
not apply the fractional factorial experimentation
method for design and analysis of the experiment.
Based on the above literature survey, an attempt is to
be made to develop empirical models with Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) method and with some data
mining techniques, such as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) to develop prediction
models which helps the selection of cutting
parameters and the improvement of surface roughness.
III. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
A. Operation of an Artificial Neural Network
Neural network architecture is made up of an input
layer, one or more hidden layers and an output layer.
The hidden and output layers have processing
elements and interconnections called neurons and
synapses respectively. Each interconnection has an
associated connection strength or weight. The number
of hidden layers and that of the nodes in each layer
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have to be decided very carefully, because the system

cannot model the given information if it has too few
hidden layer units. However, too many hidden units
limit the networks ability to generalize the results, so
that the resulting model would not work well for new
incoming data. Each processing elements first
performs a weighted accumulation of the respective
input values and then passes the result through an
activation function. Except for the input layer nodes
where no computation is done, the net input to each
node is the sum of the weighted output of the nodes in
the previous layer.
The output of node j in layer k is

net kj = w kji oik 1

o kj = f (net kj ) =

(4)

1
1+ e

( net kj )

(5)

Fig.1 Typical Neural Network Mode

Where weight W kji is the between the ith neuron in the
(k-1) th layer and the jth neuron in the kth layer, f(x) is
the activation function and Oth is the output of the jth
neuron in the kth layer.
B. Adaptive Nero Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)
In this section, the use of the function ANFIS is
discussed. ANFIS is nothing but combination of
fuzzy logic and neural net works[20]. These tools
apply fuzzy inference techniques to data modeling.
The acronym ANFIS derives its name from adaptive
Neuro-fuzzy inference system. Using a given
input/output data set, the toolbox function ANFIS
constructs a fuzzy inference system (FIS) whose
membership function parameters are tuned (adjusted)
using either a back propagation algorithm alone, or in
combination with a least squares type of method. This
allows the fuzzy systems to learn from the data they
are modeling. In general, this type of modeling works
well if the training data presented to ANFIS for
training (estimating) membership function parameters
is fully representative of the features of the data that
the trained FIS is intended model. This is not always
the case, however. In some cases, data is collected
using noisy measurements, and the training data
cannot representative of all the features of the data

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

that will be presented to the model. This is where
model validation comes in to play. This training and
testing will be clearly explained in results and
conclusions module. Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference
system models provided with better prediction
capabilities because they generally offer the ability to
model more complex non-linearities and interactions
than linear and exponential regression models can
offer. Good prediction capabilities are required on
machining for to days industries. Adaptive Neurofuzzy inference system can be adopted in predicting
machining response like surface roughness from given
input conditions where there may be much non
linearity relation among the various process
parameters.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Two different approaches are used for prediction of
surface roughness of turned work pieces and evaluated
in this work. First one is a ANN model based on
Multilayer perception using back propagation
algorithm using speed (N), feed () and depth of cut
(DOC) as three independent variables to predict the
surface roughness (Ra). Another one is Adaptive
neuro fuzzy inference system is based on hybrid grid
partition network After training the network a set of
weights are generated and then used to infer the
surface roughness Ra values by inputting the new
values of three independent variables. The criterion to
judge the efficiency and the ability of the model is to
predict surface roughness values is taken as
percentage deviation () which is defined in
equation(6) with this criterion it would be much easier
to see how the proposed models fit and how the
predicted values are close to the actual ones.
(6)
A. Prediction of surface roughness using neuro
solution model
Neuro Solution Software for Excel software is used
for the development of Neural Network model. Neural
networks are non linear mapping systems that consist
of simple processors, which are called neurons linked
by weighted connections. Each neuron has inputs and
generates an output that can be seen as the reflection
of treat information that is stored in connections. The
output signal of neuron is fed to the other neurons as
input signals via synapses (inter connections). Since
the capability of single neuron is limited, complex
function are realized by connecting many processing
elements network structure, representation of data,
normalization of inputs and outputs and appropriate
selection of activation function etc., are the factor that
have strong influence on the performance of the
network. The Network selected a Multilayer
perceptron multilayer perceptron (MLP) consists of
two layers. The activation function in the neural

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network used hyperbolic (Tanh) function, which is

non linear function
B. Neuro Solution
The following steps are involved to solve the problem
in Neuro Solutions after completion of Experimental
works.
Step1: Select the input and output data. Tag the
input data and output data.
Step2: To select the data for training, cross
validation and for testing. Tag the training, cross
validation and testing data.
Step3: Create the customized network, network
type, number of input processing elements, output
processing elements, number of hidden layers and the
each hidden layer properties.
Specify Number of processing elements, Transfer
function, learning rule and Specify Step size and
momentum, Output layer properties, number of
epochs, Termination Criteria and Weight update.
Step4: Train the Network N times.
Step5: Results Estimation Methods, Sensitivity
analysis
Test the Network
C. Training of the Neural Network
The Neural Network is trained using input data with
corresponding output data of experimental results as
shown in the Table 5.5. Input data contains the
cutting condition i.e. Speed (N), Feed () and Depth of
cut (DOC) and the output contain response of
machining, that is surface roughness Ra, which is a
function of N, and DOC. All the pattern were
normalized in the intervals -1 to 1 (which is done by
the software automatically) to fit for the hyperbolic
(Tanh) function.
D. Training error
The training error i.e. MSE (Mean Square Error) is the
criterion for obtaining optimum training parameter
and network performance. The back propagation of
error is continued for a number of iterations epochs
unified an acceptable error level is achieved. A large
number of iterations are required to back propagate
the error from output to input layer. Such process is
carried out to adjust the values of weights to achieve
certain estimation accuracy. The Mean Square Error is
the function of iterations as shown in Figures 6.3 and
6.4. It is seen that while that error is too high at low
epochs it is decreased rapidly with increase in number
of epochs.
E. Learning Curve
The learning curve (The Mean Squared Error across
the time) is a plot between MSE and Epochs. If the
number of epochs are less MSE value is high else its
values is decreases with increase of epochs. After
certain epochs its values is constant. The results are
predicted at 1000 epochs and shown in Table 1. The
details of the learning curve are shown in Table 3

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

E-ISSN2249 8974

Fig.2 MSE Training& Cross validation with single run

TABLE 1: EXPLANATION OF THE LEARNING CURVE NETWORKS

Fig.3 MSE Training& Cross validation with three run

TABLE 2 THE NETWORKS AVERAGE MSE

TABLE 3 THE EXPLANATION OF THE LEARNING CURVE NETWORKS

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Fig. 4 Variation of MSE for Training data with three run

Fig.5 Variation of MSE for Cross validation data with three run
From above Tables 1, 2 and 3 best training values
obtained in first run at epoch number is 185 and the
Average Mean Square error is. For 0.0032112 cross
validation run-3, epoch number is 9135 and the
Average minimum MSE is 0.001543308. The
experimental and predicted values of surface
roughness for the training data using ANN model are
shown in the Fig 2 and 3 The percentage deviation
between experimental and predicted values obtained
by the developed ANFIS model is shown in Table 9.
The average percentage deviation of surface
roughness is also shown in this table. The developed

ANN model has been cross validated with the

corresponding data and the results are shown in the
Table 5 and the graph is drawn for the experimental
and predicted surface roughness values for cross
validation data and is shown in the Fig 9
F. Testing of the Network
Finally the ANN model trained and cross validated
has been tested with the new testing data. The
experimental and predicted values of surface
roughness for the test data using cross validated ANN
model are shown in the Fig 8

Fig.6 Training data Desire output Vs actual network

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TABLE 4THE MSE PERFORMANCE

Fig 7 Experimental Vs Predicted Ra of ANN (Train Data)

TABLE 5 PERCENT DEVIATIONS OF EXP & PRE OF ANN (CROSS VALIDATION DATA).

Fig.8 Cross validation data Desire output Vs actual network

TABLE 6 THE MSE PERFORMANCE

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Fig 9 Experimental Vs Predicted Ra of ANN (Cross validation Data)

TABLE 7 PERCENT DEVIATION OF EXPERIMENTAL & PREDICTED OF ANN (TEST DATA)

Fig.10 Testing data Desire output Vs actual network

Table 8 The MSE performance

Fig 11 Experimental Vs Predicted Ra of ANN (Test Data)

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

G. Prediction of surface roughness using anfis
MATLAB software is used to predict the surface
roughness by ANFIS tool, initial all data (testing&
training data) prepare for work space window was
displayed as shown in figure 13

Fig 13 MATLAB Window Train & Test data on

work space
By giving anfisedit command, ANFIS window was
displayed as shown in figure 14

Fig 14 ANFIS window in MATLAB

From load data portion of anfis window, the user has
to enter training data by selecting training and
workspace as shown in figure 14, and then click load
data. Once training data is loaded in to anfis, it will
plot the training data in anfis window as shown in
figure 15.

Fig 15 ANFIS window after loading training data

After loading the training data, the user has to select
the type of membership function and number of
membership functions for each input. To generate FIS
portion from anfis window, click on generate FIS.
Now it will display another window as shown in
figure 16. Select trapezoidal membership function
from MF type to input and linear membership function
to output. Assign three member ship functions for

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each input as shown in number of MFs. Close the

window by selecting ok.

Fig 16 Generate FIS window of ANFIS

Now select method and number of epochs from train
FIS portion of anfis window. Then click on train now
to train anfis with training data. After training was
completed for 300 epochs, training curve will display
as shown in figure 17. This curve shows the reduction
of error for each epoch, and it was observed in figure
17 The curve reached the minimum error target and
there was no further reduction of error possible.

Fig 17ANFIS window after training

Now load the test data to anfis as a testing data, and
select the testing data in test FIS portion of anfis
window and click test now. Then two different types
of points, square points (in blue color) which
represents the experimental results and points (in red
color) which represents the predicted outputs for given
training data as shown in figure 18 It can be observed
from this figure that all predicted outputs for testing
data are very close to the experimental outputs of
testing data. The predicted Ra values are found in
Ruler Viewer of anfis as shown in the figure 20. In
the figure 20, for the given first testing speed, feed and
depth of cut values (150 0.09 0.75), the predicted
output was shown as 0.612. This is the complete
training and testing procedure of anfis for prediction
of surface roughness. The network is used three
inputs(Speed (N) ,Feed ( F ),Depth of cut (DOF ) (The
entire system architecture consists of five layers,
namely, the fuzzy layer, product layer, normalized
layer, de-fuzzy layer and total out put
layer).corresponding logical operations was done
internal it related output as shown in figure 19

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

Fig 18 ANFIS window after testing

Fig 19 ANFIS model structure window

Fig 20 ANFIS window for predicted values

The 3D graphs for all input parameters versus surface
roughness are shown in figure 21, 22 and 23. By
opening view menu from anfis window and select
surface viewer by entering input parameters (eg N, F),
it is found a new window as shown in figure 21 for
Speed, Feed and Surface Roughness. Similarly the
Figure 22 is drawn for Speed, Depth of cut and
Surface Roughness and figure 23 is drawn for Feed,
Depth of cut and Surface Roughness.

Fig 21 3D plot of Speed, Feed Vs Surface roughness

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Fig 22 3D plot of Speed, Depth of cut Vs Surface

roughness

Fig 23 3D plot of Feed, Depth of cut Vs Surface

roughness
In the above 3D surface plots, the blue color surface
indicates the low surface roughness values i.e. the
better surface finish can be obtained. The yellow color
surface indicates the high surface roughness values.
From the Figure 21, it observed that the surface
roughness values are low in the speed range of 200 to
250 and the feed range of 0.09 to 0.12. However the
surface roughness values are high in the same speed
range of 200 to 250 but the feed range of 0.06 to
0.08.Fig 6.20 and Figure 23 shows that the surface
roughness values are high in the depth of cut range of
0.5 to 0.7, feed range of 0.06 to 0.08 and speed range
of 150 to 170. The surface roughness values are low in
the feed range of 0.1 to 0.15 as shown in Figure 23.
Finally the trained ANFIS model has been tested
with the new testing data. The experimental and
predicted values of surface roughness for the test data
using ANFIS model is shown in the fig 24

Fig 24 Experimental Vs Predicted Ra of ANFIS

(Test Data)

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies

Table 9 Percent Deviation of Experimental &
Predicted of ANFIS (Test Data)

H. Comparison of developed models

Based on the results of the experimentation, the two
prediction models were developed for the three input
parameters viz., Speed, Feed, Depth of cut and the
response variable as surface roughness of machined
part. The following are the main points drawn based
on these prediction models:
Artificial Neural Networks technique was used to
develop the prediction model and the data required for
training the model was used from the experimental
values conducted. The developed Artificial Neural
Networks predicting the surface roughness with
average percentage deviation 4.72 % in train data,
3.021% in cross validation data and 3.868% in test
data.
ANFIS software has been used to develop the
prediction model. Various networks were trained with
different membership functions to arrive at the
suitable model. Finally, the network was trained for
300 epochs and the percentage deviation between the
experimental and predicted values is calculated and
shown in Table 9. The developed ANFIS model is
predicting the surface roughness with average
percentage deviation of 3.39 % with test data. The
values of average percentage deviation of surface
roughness predicted by the two developed models are
shown in Table 10.
Table 10 Comparison of the developed Models

The ANFIS model provided better prediction

capabilities than Artificial Neural Networks model
because they generally offer the ability to model more
complex nonlinearities and interactions. The Adaptive
Neuro Fuzzy-Inference System gives closed
correlation with the experimental values.
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this work, the effect of cutting speed, feed and
depth of cut on surface finish is studied on aluminum
alloy AA 6351. The input parameters are such
selected as speed in three levels, feed and depth of cut
in four levels. Different levels of input conditions are
derived from factorial Design of Experiments. The
experiments are conducted on CNC Turning (CL 20T
L5) Machine. Totally 24 samples of 50 mm length and
32 mm diameter work pieces were prepared. Two
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experiments were carried on each specimen. Using

the experimental results, two models viz., the
Artificial Neural networks Model and Adaptive Neuro
Fuzzy-Inference System model are constructed. The
main conclusions based on these two prediction
models are:
ANN Model
ANN model has given the training error as 4.72 %
ANN model has given the Cross Validation error
as 3.021%
ANN model has given the testing error as 3.868 %
The tool disadvantages are that they train slowly
and require lots of train data
Typically using more data for training network
process have been taken large time but not ANN
gives better prediction capabilities
Based on the Sensitivity Analysis, only the feed
rate is a dominant parameter to decrease the
surface roughness rapidly.
The effect of depth of cut on the surface
roughness is not regular and has a variable
character.
In this work a back propagation neural network
model is developed for the prediction of surface
roughness in turning operation using feed and the
cutting forces as inputs to the neural network
model.
Generate network in ANN back propagation
method with a kind of empirical model gives poor
result.
A large number of iterations are required to back
propagate the error from output to input layer was
more.
ANFIS Model
ANFIS model has given the testing error as 3.39
%.
The ANFIS model provided better prediction
capabilities than Artificial Neural networks
Model.
The prediction accurcy of ANFIS is high as
95.43%.
The tool advantages are that they train fast and
accuracy.
The increase train data and at medium feed rate
ANFIS model has given the minimum testing
error.
The reduced test data and at different Speed,
Feed, Depth of cut gives best result than ANN.
Generate (FIS) networwk grid partition with
hybrid optimum method that gives best result
than ANN (back propagation).
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