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duties, that is, by reason of the public office that played under
abnormal circumstances, and therefore can not be estimated as acts
proper support and comfort to the enemy cause. We are of opinion that
the mere acceptance of a public office and perform the functions and
duties attached thereto in and during the Japanese military occupation
of the Philippines, not per se crime of treason. But even accepting that
such acts alleged against the accused here were really helpful and
comfort to the enemy, are not punishable in this particular case, since
it has not been proven successful defendant's adherence to the enemy
because, as we have said above, is a prerequisite for a conviction for
the crime of treason.
Adherence to the enemy + acts that give the enemy aid and comfort
must concur for the accused to be convicted of treason. Mere
acceptance of a public office and performing the duties of such public
office during the Japanese military occupation does not prove
adherence to the enemy.