Free Trade Area of Kenyir Lake

FREE TRADE AREA OF KENYIR LAKE: POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING
THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY ROUTES AND POTENTIAL

FORMULATING TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME AT KENYIR LAKE
TENGKU MUHAMMAD HAMDAN BIN TENGKU ZAINUDDIN
SUPERVISOR:
1ST: EN MADZLI BIN HARUN
2ND: PN WAN MARIAM BT WAN ABDULLAH
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MARITIME MANAGEMENT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
2015
BACHELOR OF MARITIME MANAGEMENT
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MARITIME

MANAGEMENT
DECLARATION AND VERIFICATION REPORT

RESEARCH PROJECT I AND II
It is hereby declared and verified that this research report entitled:

FREE TRADE AREA OF KENYIR LAKE: POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING
THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY ROUTES AND POTENTIAL
FORMULATING TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME AT KENYIR LAKE
by TENGKU MUHAMMAD HAMDAN BIN TENGKU ZAINUDDIN Matric
No. UK28612 have been examined and all errors identified have been corrected. This
report is submitted to the Department of Maritime Management as partial fulfillment
towards obtaining the Bachelor of Management (Maritime), School of Business
Studies and Maritime Management, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
Verified by:
.................................
Principal Supervisor
Name:
Date:
Official Stamp:
Stamp:
..................................
Second Supervisor
Name:
Date:
Official Stamp:
..................................
Third Supervisor (if any)
Name:
Date:
Official
Approved by:
...........................................................................
Head Department of Maritime Management
Name:
Date:
Official Stamp:
DECLARATION
2
I declare that this research entitled FREE TRADE AREA OF KENYIR LAKE :
POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY
ROUTES AND POTENTIAL FORMULATING TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEME AT KENYIR LAKE is the result of my own research except as cited in
the references. The research has not been accepted for any degree and is not
concurrently submitted in candidature of any degree.
Signature
........................................
Name
........................................
Date
........................................
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
3
Many thanks to every person who support my research till the end. Words
cannot describe my gratitude to every person who helped me in my research. Thank
you God because giving me the strength to finished this research.
In preparing for this research, I have contact many people, met many officer,
not to forget the one who contributed to my research, boat operators at Kenyir Lake,
officer at KETENGAH, UPEN, MOT, and JPS. In particular, I would like to express
my thanks to my first supervisor, Sir Madzli bin Harun because help me a lot during
my research. Also many thanks to Madam Wan Mariam bt Wan Abdullah, as my
second supervisors because giving guidance and support during this research is done.
Special appreciation to my fellow friends, group members for giving and

sharing ideas, cooperation, advices and supports in completing this project paper. I
also would like to thanks my parent for their supports. Thank you.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION AND VERIFICATION REPORT RESEARCH PROJECT I AND II
ii
DECLARATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
vii
LIST OF TABLE
viii
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
xi
CONTENT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background of study
1.1
Importance of study
1.2
Problem Statement
1.3
Research Objective
1.4
Research Question
1.5
Scope of Study
1.6
Arrangement of Proposal
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction
12
2.1
Framework
13
2.2
Formulation
13
2.3
Traffic Separation Scheme
15
2.4
Water Transport
16
2.5
Waterway
19
3.0
Introduction
21
3.1
Research Design
21
3.2
Research Population
27
3.3
Sample Selection
27
3.4
Data Collection
28
3.5
Research Instrument
29
3.6
Framework of Study
31
3.7
Data Analysis
32
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
4.0
SWOT and PESTL
36
4.1
Internal Analysis
37
4.1.1
Strength
37
4.1.2
Weakness
38
4.2
External Analysis
40
4.2.1
Opportunity
40
4.2.2
Threat
42
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION
5.0
Introduction
45
5.1
Overview of the Research
45
5.2
Great Lake
47
5.3
Kenyir Lake Traffic Separation Schemes Framework
52
5.3.1
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
53
5.3.2
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
54
5.3.3
Aids to Navigation
55
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.0
Conclusion
56
6.1
Recommendation
56
Work Schedule (Gannt Chart)
57
References
58
Appendix
61
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Number
Name of Figure
Page
1.0
Map of Kenyir Lake
2.0
Scope of Study
3.0
SWOT Analysis
22
4.0
PES Analysis
24
5.0
Framework of the Study
31
6.0
Strength
33
7.0
Opportunity
33
8.0
Weakness
34
9.0
Threat
34
10.0
Map of The Great Lake
49
11.0
Kenyir Lake waterway from Pengkalan Gawi -
52
Pulau Bayas
LIST OF TABLE
Table Number
Name of Table
Page
1.0
Framework
14
2.0
Formulation
14
3.0
16
4.0
Water Transport
18
5.0
Waterway
21
6.0
Research Instrumentation
31
7.0
Gannt Chart
51
ABSTRACT
Kenyir Lake is an artificial lake located in the state of Terengganu in northeast

Malaysia created in 1985. With the emergence of FTZ at Kenyir Lake, everything will
change from now on. Every facility at Kenyir will be upgrade. Waterways is very
important and crucial to Kenyir Lake. Waterways are seen as the vital veins for trade
routes and economic functions of cities and nations. it means that without a proper or
a good waterway, the works cannot be done smoothly. Kenyir will become first lake
that will be using traffic separation scheme because this idea is new to the public. The
Traffic Separation Scheme is a method of regulating the flow of vessel traffic moving
in different directions. With the establishment of TSS and FTZ at Kenyir Lake, the
area will creating new job opportunities, reducing import, increasing import, changing
the life standard of the communities and increasing the population number at the area
of impact. The economy of area Kenyir Lake will have massive growth. The
importance of economic development and the potential of Kenyir Lake waterway will
support the development of FTZ with the new regulation at Kenyir, which is
formulation of Traffic Separation Scheme. This research will be using method of
SWOT and PES analysis to analyze the data. The main objective of this research is to
explore the potential of traffic separation scheme regulation adopted to inland
waterway Kenyir Lake. In conclusion, the hopefully this research showing positive
result to make sure the traffic lane at Kenyir Lake being regulate.
Keywords: Framework, Formulation, TSS, Water Transport, Waterway
ABSTRAK
10
Tasik Kenyir adalah tasik buatan yang terletak di negeri Terengganu di timur laut
Malaysia dan ia diwujudkan pada tahun 1985. Dengan kemunculan Zone Bebas Cukai
di Tasik Kenyir, segala-galanya akan berubah dari sekarang. Setiap kemudahan di
Kenyir akan dinaiktaraf. Laluan air adalah sangat penting untuk kepada Tasik Kenyir.
Laluan air ini dilihat sebagai nadi bagi laluan perdagangan. Ia bermakna tanpa jalan
air yang baik, kerja-kerja tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan lancar. Kenyir akan
menjadi tasik pertama yang akan menggunakan skim pemisahan lalu lintas kerana
idea ini adalah baru kepada orang ramai. Skim Pemisahan Trafik adalah satu kaedah
mengawal selia aliran trafik kapal yang bergerak dalam arah yang berbeza. Dengan
penubuhan TSS dan FTZ di Kenyir Lake, kawasan itu akan mewujudkan peluang
pekerjaan baru, mengubah standard kehidupan masyarakat dan menambah bilangan
penduduk di kawasan impak. Ekonomi kawasan Tasik Kenyir akan mempunyai
perkembangan yang pesat. Kepentingan pembangunan ekonomi dan potensi laluan air
Tasik Kenyir akan menyokong pembangunan FTZ peraturan baru di Kenyir, yang
merupakan pembentukan TSS. Kajian ini akan menggunakan kaedah SWOT dan
PESTL analisis untuk menganalisis data. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk
meneroka potensi peraturan skim pemisahan trafik pakai untuk laluan air pedalaman
Kenyir Lake. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini diharapkan menunjukkan keputusan yang
positif untuk memastikan lorong lalu lintas laluan air di Tasik Kenyir dikawal.
Kata kunci: Rangka Kerja, Pembentukan, TSS, Air Pengangkutan, Laluan Air
11
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Background of The Study
Kenyir Lake is an artificial lake located in the state of Terengganu in

northeast Malaysia created in 1985 by the damming of the Kenyir River to create the
Sultan Mahmud Power Station. As the times fly, the lake is now announce as the Free
Trade Zone. In this case study will explain in detailed about the importance of
waterways routes to Kenyir Lake as the Lake itself need a fixed route to make sure the
convenience to the lake users. In addition to the increasing use of waterways for
recreation, many rivers continue to perform important transport functions. In recent
years, there has been an explosion in activity to restore and to improve opportunities
for accessing waterways.
1.1
Importance of Study
Kenyir lake will undergo a RM100mil makeover. It is also expected to be

declared as a Free Trade Zone (FTZ) to make it a top tourist draw to Kenyir Lake.
With the FTZ, the Terengganu government hopes it will be an impetus for the growth
of eco-tourism in this area. Menteri Besar Ahmad Said confirmed the state
government had requested the Federal Government to declare Kenyir as an FTZ.
1
Figure 1.0 : Map of Kenyir Lake

The largest man-made lake in Southeast Asia is now being aggressively
developed by the state government as a Free Trade Zone (FTZ), which will become
another attractive location in the state that will be developed as the best tourist
destination in the Asian region in the quarter of 2016. In this research proposal,
the main idea that will be focused are Traffic Separation Scheme and
Waterway.
A waterway is any navigable body of water. A shipping route consists of one

or several waterways. Waterways can include rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and canals.
In order for a waterway to be navigable, it must meet several criteria:
In general, traffic separation scheme is a method of regulating the flow of
vessel traffic moving in different directions. Rule 10 is Rule in Collision Regulation
2
that describing detail about TSS and how it is functioning. Rule 10 adds an extra dose
of traffic management for a number of specially designated areas having high-density
traffic, converging traffic, or some exceptional hazard. A vessel is said to be "using" a
traffic separation scheme when the vessel is within the boundaries of the scheme and
is neither crossing the scheme nor fishing within the separation zone.
There are few rules to be follow to use the TSS which is:
i.
ii.
Go with the flow.

Vessels "so far as practicable" not to get too close to a traffic separation line or
zone so as not to drift accidentally into the lane of oncoming traffic or create
doubt about whether or not it is using the traffic separation scheme. Unlike
highways on land, traffic separation schemes do not have double yellow lines
iii.
down the middle or a white line on its outside boundary.

Governing vessels entering or leaving a traffic separation lane, requires a
small angle of approach or departure to differentiate that vessel from one
crossing the scheme.
1.2
Problem Statement
This research is undertaken in order to show the importance of waterways

route to Lake Kenyir and to identify the potential of waterways route in developing
Kenyir Lake itself. There are several problems that are crucial and need our attention,
which is:
i.
There are no separation between the waterway route at Kenyir Lake

3
The purpose of providing Principal Fairways and Traffic Separation Schemes

is to improve the safety of navigation in areas where traffic density is high or
traffic movement is restricted. Without a proper traffic separation, the
percentage of accident will occur is high. This is because there are no
regulatory to regulate the operator boat.
ii.
There are no traffic control to regulate the waterways routes

The boat, houseboat, and commodities boat use the waterway without traffic
control will cause danger to the passenger. Traffic control is very important
because it can low the risk of the accident from happening. A navigational
hazard is considered any reasonable danger for potential boaters created by the
placement of construction equipment, activities at Kenyir lakes.
iii.
Lacking of public authority at Kenyir Lake

Right now, Kenyir Lake still doesn't have an authority that is incharge of the
waterway transport system. Even though Kenyir Lake is still not busy, but the
preparation needs to be done as soon as possible to prevent any congestion in
the future at Kenyir Lake. From now on, the water transport system need to be
monitor by authority. The problem is, there is no authority to monitor the
water transport route, which agency that involve, and there is no one that
checking the entry and exit from Kenyir Lake. This situation needs to be
adjust right now to make sure there is no problem in the future.
1.3
Research Objective
Specifically, this study mainly seeks to achieve the following objective:
i.
To identify the potential of existing pattern of the waterway routes to be

formulate as a traffic separation scheme.
ii.
To explore the potential of traffic separation scheme regulation adopted to

inland waterway Kenyir Lake.
iii.
To identify the potential main inland waterway authority for the establishment
of traffic separation scheme at Kenyir Lake.
1.4
Research Question
Based on the research objective that has been mention above, there are several
research questions have been arise:
i.
Which absolute pattern of traffic separation scheme would be develop as a

new waterway routes?
ii.
How the process for formulation of traffic separation scheme to FTZ

Kenyir Lake?
iii.
Which are the agent potential inland waterways authority would contribute
directly toward traffic separation scheme?
FKWTeaZntyirwLaykenFdTZS KenyirLake Waterway ndTS

1.5
Scope of Study
Figure 1.0 : Scope of Study
Figure 1.0 show the scope of this study which is to facilitate the study of
literature by focusing on certain fields for specific issues. This study will take place at
6
Kenyir Lake which is in the process of developing Free Trade Zone (FTZ). The
specific issue that had been choose is the waterway, namely as the route for the
houseboat, commodity and other type of water transport. Kenyir Lake will be the
focus of tourism because of the development of FTZ. So, the waterway at Kenyir
Lake must be integrated to ensure the safety of its users.
1.6 Arrangement of Proposal
Chapter 1
This research examines how to develop new Traffic Separation Scheme and
waterway at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia. The problem which has become an
obstacle to development of future FTZ at Kenyir Lake is the lack of authority to
control the traffic of waterway and how to establish new TSS at Kenyir Lake. There
are huge potential at Kenyir Lake and this huge potential will become a waste if
Kenyir Lake is not fully prepare for its route of waterway. This is because this place
will be the centre of attention to the tourist and developer once the FTZ launched on
year 2016.
Chapter 2
In this chapter, there are material from other source that is relevant with the
research objective and methodology that need to be review. These materials can
obtain from various sources such as books, journals, news, internet and etc.
A literature
review is
an
evaluative
report
of information
found
in
the
literature related to framework, formulation, Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS),

waterway, and route. The review should describe, summarize, evaluate and clarify
this literature.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3 will be describing about the method used in this research.

Methodology is a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity. It
comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated
with a branch of knowledge. A few processes will be applied using several of method
in this research such as SWOT analysis and PES analysis. SWOT analysis is a tool
that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization.
The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental
analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues
(opportunities and threats). A PESTL analysis is a framework or tool used by
marketers to analyze and monitor the macro-environmental (external marketing
environment) factors that have an impact on an organization. This is the overall of
analysis method that being used to identify the significant of developing the
framework for waterway routes and to formulating the TSS at Kenyir Lake.
8
Chapter 4
This chapter will be analyzing about method used in this research and will be
combined with information that is collected from several respondent related to the
objective. The result of this study showed that the key of success factors are both
internal and external factors. The main internal and external factors that is connected
and influencing each other is the existing waterway and the potential to formulate the
Traffic Separation Scheme. With these two factors, the research objective is tend to be
positive.
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 will be discussing about the overview of the study. A brief review of
the research is presented. In this part, all issues such as the research objective and
research methodology will be discussed briefly. In this chapter, objective will be
presented and discussion on the objective will be described. The implication from this
study will also be discussed. Recommendation will be suggested to improve the
weaknesses and threat that has been defined in the study.
Chapter 6
Chapter 6 will be describing about the conclusion and recommendation of this

study. The strength and opportunity of waterways at Kenyir Lake will contribute to
the establishment of TSS Kenyir Lake. Furthermore, the weakness and threat that
disrupt the smoothness of the activities at Kenyir Lake can be reduce by following the
recommendation. In this chapter also will be discussing about The Great Lake as a
model to the Kenyir Lake. The most critical aspect that should be consider before
formulate Traffic Separation Scheme is to find specific authority to handle Kenyir
Lake itself. Other than that, Training Centre need to be establish to assist boat
operators to navigate smoothly.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction
Historically, societies have always located near water, due partly to the fact
that water enables more efficient travel compared to going over land. Waterways are
critically important to the transportation of people and goods throughout the world. In
this chapter, there are materials from other source that relevant with the topic of the
research such as waterway and water transport and these materials need to be review
to help supporting the research. These materials can obtain from various source such
as books, journals, news, internet and etc. Literature review is review from the
journal, thesis, news, and other source that can be found whether by books or internet.
10
2.1
Framework
Author
(Mainguet & Baye ,
Description
A framework of indicators can help us to map the relationships
2006)
between variables in a broader way, exploring not only one single

input compared to one single output, but also the combined effect
of several variables, including exogenous factors. From this
perspective, indicators can work as signals of how education is
related to social outcomes in different countries. Building a
framework of indicators in a systematic way can help us to show
some gaps in the existing information, calling for new data
collection.
Table 1.0
2.2
Formulation
Author
(Bruch and Bond, 1998)
Description
Case formulation, is a theoretically-based explanation or
conceptualization of the information obtained from a clinical
assessment. It offers a hypothesis about the cause and nature of
the presenting problems and is considered an alternative approach
11
Boundless, 2014
to the more categorical approach of psychiatric diagnosis..

Formulation is the second stage of the policy process and
involves the proposal of solutions to agenda issues. Effective
formulation involves analysis and identification of alternatives to
(Johnstone, 2006)
solving issues.
Formulation is the process of making sense of a persons
difficulties in the context of their relationships, social
circumstances, life events, and the sense that they have made of
them. It is a bit like a personal story or narrative that a
psychologist or other professional draws up with an individual
and, in some cases, their family and careers.
Table 2.0
In table 2.0, there are three author that is describing the definition of
formulation. All three of them were talking about different meaning of formulation.
Our first author, which is Bruch and Bond in their books, Beyond Diagnosis: Case
Formulation Approaches, describe about case formulation is a details that is base on
theory or an idea of the information that is obtain from clinical assessment. The
second author, Boundless, is describing about the formulation of policy. In his
explanation, formulation is the second stage of policy making. To achieve an effective
formulation, the issues need to be solve using analysis and identification process.
Johnstone, last author in this table, explain that formulation is relates to psychology
which is not related to the research topic at all.
12
2.3
Author / Title
(IMO, 2014)
Description Traffic Separation Scheme

A traffic lane is an area within defined limits in which one-way
traffic flow is established. A traffic separation scheme lane part is
an area of a traffic lane in which the direction of flow of traffic is
uniform. Traffic separation schemes and other ship routeing
systems have now been established in most of the major
congested, shipping areas of the world, and the number of
(USLegal, 2014)
collisions and groundings has often been dramatically reduced.

Traffic Separation Scheme is a method of regulating the flow of
vessel traffic moving in different directions. The International
Maritime Organization (IMO) defines it as a scheme which
separates traffic proceeding in opposite or nearly opposite
directions, by the use of a separation zone or line, traffic lanes, or
by other means.
National Imagery and
A routing measure which separates opposing traffic flow
Mapping Agency
with traffic lanes.

Table 3.0
In the table above, there are also 3 author defined about Traffic Separation
Scheme. As the first author, which is International Maritime Organization, the one
who create this scheme, describe that traffic separation scheme is a flow of direction
13
of the ship that is consistent. TSS is create to reduce the collision and grounding of
vessel, and practically, this scheme works because the number of collision and
groundings of vessel have been dramatically decreased after this scheme launched.
According to the first author, TSS is apply the major congested area of the shipping
industry. Second author, which is USLegal explain that TSS is a method of regulating
the flow of vessel that is moving in different direction. IHO Dictionary describe that a
Traffic Separation Scheme is a scheme that targeting to decrease the peril at the sea
such as collision by creating a separation of traffic to ensure that the vessel moving in
opposite direction of the other vessel. In this review, all the author agreed that TSS is
a separation line that separate vessel in an opposite direction and this scheme is
located at congested area of shipping industry.
2.4
Water Transport
Author / Title
(Jeevan, 2008)
Description
Water transport is the process of moving people, goods, etc. by
barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal, river,
etc. This category does not include articles on the tranport
of water for the purpose of consuming the water. The complex
network of connections between coastal ports, inland ports, rails,
air, and truck routes forms a foundation of material economic
(Patel, 2010)
wealth worldwide.
Water transport is a cheap mode of transportation. Capital
goods, heavy machinery and bulk raw and finished goods can
easily and cheaply be transported from and out of the country to
the foreign countries. Its importance can be judged from the
following facts which is increase in economic activity, increase
14
in foreign exchange, decrease in transportation cost, increase in

government revenue, increase in employment opportunities and
(Simpson, 2010).
increase in foreign investment.

Water transport are includes modern ferries, cruise ships, and
many types of recreational boats that carry passengers for
purposes ranging from daily business commuting to fishing and
to sightseeing. Transporting goods with foreign trading partners
can be performed by using road, water, rail, or air. However, for
the majority of foreign trading partners, the one and only choice
for transportation are water. Water-based transportation is
generally the most cost effective mode for the majority of
internationally traded goods.
(Marsh, 2013)
Although the large capital investment required to renew the

existing inland waterway systems and for new construction,
water transport has demonstrated competitive strength as a
carrier for commodities in the movement of which the time
factor is not of prime importance, such as minerals, timber, and
many agricultural products. In the same way as the canals of the
19th century contributed to the development of the Midwest in
the United States, the St. Lawrence Seaway has led to an
expansion of industrial activity on the regions bordering the
Great Lakes. Economic expansion along North Americas rivers
has followed capital investment in improvement of navigation
along them. In the Soviet Union, similar development of vast
areas was made possible by linking the major rivers to provide
(Davies, 2013)
through routes.
Despite the large capital investment required to modernize
existing inland waterway systems and for new construction,
15
water transport has demonstrated competitive strength as a

carrier for commodities in the movement of which the time
factor is not of prime importance, such as minerals, timber, and
many agricultural products.
Table 4.0
In table 4.0, there are five authors that will explain about water transport.
According to the first author, Jeevan, he describe that water transport is process of
moving people, goods, etc. using water transport such as barge, boat, ship, or any
water transport at sea, ocean, lake, canal, river, etc. The connection between this
transport and other mode of transport have form a basis of material of economic
worldwide. Second author, Patel, descibe that water transport is a cheap mode of
transport and these transport is very important to every country. Simpson said that
water transport are includes transport that carry passenger for purpose of business and
recreational. He also mentions that the water transport is very cost effective which
means it is the cheapest mode of transport. Marsh, the fourth author, said that water
transport have showing the competitive strength if the time factor is not a prime factor
as a carrier for commodities which means water transport is very strongly
recommended for carrying goods and commodities if the user does not very concern
about time factor. Last author have the same idea as the fourth author which is the
water transport is very demanded and recommended to those who does not care about
time. All of the author have same idea about water transport which is the water
transport is cheap but consume a lot of time.
2.5
Waterway
16
Author / Title
(Akaso, 2011)
Description Waterway
Waterways are critically important to the transportation of people
(European
Parliament,
and goods throughout the world.

A stretch of water, not part of the sea, over which craft of a
Council of the European
carrying capacity not less than 50 tonnes can navigate when
Union, 2006)
normally loaded. This term covers both navigable rivers and

lakes (natural water courses, whether or not they have been
improved for navigation purposes) and canals (water ways
constructed primarily for the purpose of navigation).The length
of rivers and canals is measured in mid channel and length of
lakes, as well as lagoons, is counted as the length between the
(Thomas
&
2014)
Atkins,
most distant points between which the transport is performed.

Waterways in developing countries are critical avenues for local
and regional commerce. Fruit and vegetable sellers gather to
floating markets on rivers and canals, such as in Bangkok,
(Watson, 2004)
Thailand.
Within the United States, waterways have been developed and
integrated into a world-class transportation system that has been
instrumental in the country's economic development. Today, there
are more than 17,700 kilometers of commercially important
navigation channels in the lower 48 states Within the United
States, waterways have been developed and integrated into a
world-class transportation system that has been instrumental in
(Vial, 2007).
the country's economic development.

The speed and low cost of transporting goods by water influenced
the locations of population settlements near navigable water
(rivers, lakes, canals, and oceans).
Table 5.0
17
In Table 5.0, there are about five authors describing about waterway. Akaso,
the first author, said that waterway is very important for the transportation of
passenger and goods all around the world. The second author which is European
Parliament, Council of the European Union describe that waterway is a stretch of
water which is not a part of the sea and this terms covers a navigable of water such as
rivers and lakes (natural water course) and canal (human construction). Thomas &
Atkins also said that waterways is very important to the developing country. Watson
mention that waterway has develop very high and its has reach world class
transportation system within United States. This transportation system is very crucial
to the economic development of a country. Last author describe that the speed of
movement and cost of transporting that is low using water influence by the location of
the settlement. So, in this description waterway, the entire author seems to be agreeing
that waterway is important to the economic growth of country.
CHAPTER 3
18
METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction
In this chapter will describe about methodology used in this research. Topics
that will be cover in this chapter include research design, research population, sample
selection, data collection, research instrument, and data analysis.
3.1
Research Design
This research has implemented a few method to prove the importance of
Traffic Separation Scheme to Kenyir Lake. The method used are:
I.
PESTL Analysis
II.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the

significant internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and
threats) factors involved in the research.
PESTL analysis is a term used to describe a framework of macroenvironmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic
19
management. This analysis focusing on the effect of the research towards political,
economic, and social, technology and legal.
W
e
a
k
n
e
s
s
O
Sp
tp
ro
er
nt
gu
hn
i
t
y
T
h
r
e
a
t
S
W
O
T
Figure 3.0 : SWOT analysis to analyze internal and external factors of waterway
and TSS at Kenyir Lake
The aspect of strength is used to analyze and to improve the abilities of

waterway to be used by users. The existing waterway need to be identify and
examined. This existing waterway is very important because Traffic Separation
Scheme that is intend to be created need to used the existing waterway.
Meanwhile, the weaknesses aspect describing about problems that occur at

waterway Kenyir Lake. Now, the major problem that occur relating with this topic is
there are no specific authorities to monitoring the waterway and Traffic Separation
Scheme. According to officer at Marine Department at Kuala Terengganu, the
authorities that responsible to monitor Kenyir Lake is Majlis Daerah Hulu
Terengganu. Hence, there is no specific authorities that is now watch over the
20
waterway at Kenyir Lake. Kenyir Lake should have their own authorities to monitor
over these waterway to ensure the safety of the users.
The aspect of opportunity refers to the incoming establishment of FTZ which

will be required new regulation regarding to the traffic lane at Kenyir Lake because
these area will become congested once the FTZ being launched. Hence, to prevent the
congestion from happening, the traffic lane at Kenyir Lake area need to be improvise
using Traffic Separation Scheme. Traffic Separation Scheme will help in order to
prevent congested around the area of Kenyir Lake. This new regulation maybe seem
to be odd to the people around the area, especially to boat operators, but the boat
operators will soon realize the benefit of Traffic Separation Scheme which is ease
their job and ensure their safety and their customer safety.
Threat that has been identified which is danger to the passenger and all the
users because of lacking of Traffic system at Kenyir Lake. Traffic system is very
important to ensure safety of users is guaranteed. Without guarantee, users
(passenger) will become uncertain and not sure to risk their life with something that
have no specific regulation. This situation will incur if no action being taken.
21
Te c h n o l o g y
Legal
Soci al
P E S T L A n a ly s i s
E c o n o m ic
P o l it ic a l
Figure 4.0: PESTL analysis to find out the impact developing the framework for
waterway routes and formulating traffic separation scheme at Kenyir Lake.
Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the
economy. In this research, government intervene is very important in supporting the
development of waterway and traffic separation scheme at Kenyir Lake. This research
have been supported by Terengganu state government through innovation proposal
that have been apply by my supervisor. But the problem is, the is no authorities that in
charge in monitoring the Waterway and TSS. Why does this happen? Who is actually
that in charge in monitoring the things? Government need to interfere with this
situation. Without the intervene of government, this research will be totally a waste.
Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and
the inflation rate. As the FTZ rise up at Kenyir Lake, the economic growth will also
22
rose. FTZ Kenyir Lake will be focus to the tourist because of the Geopark that will be
establish at Kenyir. With this new Kenyir Geopark that will be build soon, Kenyir will
require a new Traffic Separation Scheme ensure safety to all newcomer especially
tourist, locals citizen and even entrepreneurs from all over the country that eager to
selling their goods. Hence, if the Traffic Separation Scheme manage to be created at
Kenyir Lake, the economic factor will expand at and will contribute to source income
to the communities around the area of Kenyir Lake. Communities will have chance to
improve their life, to make a better used of the resource and to increase their life
standard.
Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness,
population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. The
communities around the corner can improve their life with the incoming job
opportunity that will be brought by the establishment of Traffic Separation Scheme at
Kenyir Lake. Hence on, the farmers, breeders, traditional crafter, and many more can
promote their goods at the Kenyir Lake. There are a lot of goods that are only can be
found at village and it is very unique. For example, traditional craftsmen's can show
their craft to the whole world at FTZ Kenyir Lake. Their product will be shown at
FTZ Kenyir Lake.
Technological factors include technological aspects such as R&D activity,

automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can
determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence
outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and
lead to innovation. In this study, the implementation of traffic separation scheme on
waterway lane at Kenyir Lake is classify as technological incentives. This incentives
23
will help to improve the lane at Kenyir Lake because TSS is one of the way to
regulate the lane to reduce accident. Kenyir Lake will became first lake at Malaysia
that using TSS if this study gets an approval from the government. TSS will be
control using a monitoring system called Vessel Traffic Service. Vessel Traffic Service
(VTS) is used to control is a marine traffic monitoring system established by harbor
or port authorities, similar to air traffic control for aircraft.
Legal factors in the study is the establishment of Traffic Separation Scheme

that is using legislation as the base. These factors will affect on how the waterway
operates along with Traffic Separation Scheme, what the costs of creating lane, and
who will be in-charge of monitoring the lane.
By gathering the result of questionnaires and interview from the sample

population, SWOT and PESTL analysis will be used to show the capability and
advantage of possessing waterway and Traffic Separation Scheme as a transport
system. Furthermore, secondary data also very important to this research. Journal,
statement, and opinion from various people is very significant and valuable. An open
ended questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and
other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents based on
their experience, view, knowledge, and reactions.
24
3.2
Research Population
The population that involve in this research is:
3.3
i.
KETENGAH
ii.
Majlis Daerah Hulu Terengganu
iii.
Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri (UPEN)
iv.
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran
v.
Boat Operator
Sample Selection
The sample of this research are operator of houseboat, ferries and commodities
transport that are using waterway at Kenyir Lake. The questionnaires will be
distribute to them and also to the top management of Majlis Daerah Hulu Terengganu
to determined the authorities that involve in monitoring the route of waterway and
Traffic Separation Scheme. The interviewing result can be solid fact with the opinion
and knowledge from the communities around the area. The interview session is based
on the importance of waterway at Kenyir Lake and what if the Traffic Separation
Scheme were to be applied at Kenyir. What is the reaction of boat operators? What are
the disadvantage of this new incoming scheme?
The open ended questionnaires of comparative study will also be applied

relate to the interview because the question will be more accurate based on the
opinion of communities around Kenyir Lake especially boat operators. Both of the
method will be used to support the information that have been gathered. The
25
questionnaires will become main element to analyze the data while the session of
interview is only as a backup plan to make sure the method is supported.
3.4
Data Collection
In this research, meeting with the communities especially villagers and boat
operators face to face is very crucial during interview session. Generally, these people
more comfortable using old style of interview which is talk directly rather than talk
over the phone or via internet. The data have been collected according to the SWOT
and PES analysis. Kenyir Lake already have their own waterway route long before
this research has been started. By interviewing boat operators that is using the
waterway, the result of findings will became easier.
26
3.5
No.
Research Instrument
RESEARCH
DATA
SAMPLE
DATA
POTENTIAL
QUESTION
COLLECTIO
SELECTION
ANALYSIS
FINDING
N
Observation
Boat Operator at
SWOT
Develop a new
Kenyir Lake and
analysis
waterway route
Which
pattern
absolute
of
separation
traffic
scheme
Kenyir
would be develop as
a
new
Lake
for
itself
boat
operator
waterway
ensure
routes?
the
waterway
Kenyir
How the process for
Interview
Boat Operator at
formulation
Questionnaire
Kenyir Lake
of
PES analysis
at
Lake
being regulate
Know about the
potential
that
traffic
separation
already exist in
scheme
to
waterway
FTZ
Kenyir Lake?
Kenyir
and
to
Which are the agent
Interview
Authority
potential
Questionnaire
Ketengah/Jabata
inland
at
Lake
how
to
SWOT
make it better
Know
the
analysis
authority
waterways authority
n Pengairan dan
will
would
Saliran/Majlis
charge
Daerah
monitoring the
directly
traffic
contribute
toward
separation
Hulu
Terengganu
scheme?
be
that
infor
TSS at Kenyir
Lake
Table 6.0 : Research Instrumentation

According to the table 6.0, data has been collected from boat operators,
officers at KETENGAH/Majlis Daerah Hulu Terengganu through interview,
27
questionnaires (open ended) and observation. Telephone, email, and trip are the
medium used to collect the data from the officer and boat operator. Meeting the
officers and boat operators will help in gathering information about the authorities and
waterway routes at Kenyir Lake. This is because face to face interview is more
effective in persuading people to give information.
3.6
Negative
Framework
28Negative
Starts
Examine the problems
PES Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Choose
Method
Questionnaire
Interview
Positiv
e
Data Collection
Positiv
e
Questionnaire
Interview
Analyze the data
Result
Findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Finish
Figure 5.0: Framework of study
3.7
Data Analysis
29
According to business dictionary, data analysis is means the process of

evaluating data using analytical and logical reasoning to examine each component of
the data provided. This form of analysis is just one of the many steps that must be
completed when conducting a research experiment. Data from various sources is
gathered, reviewed, and then analyzed to form some sort of finding or conclusion.
There are a variety of specific data analysis method, some of which include data
mining, text analytics, business intelligence, and data visualizations.
In this research, SWOT analysis and PES analysis will be combine and relate
to each other. According to previous subtopic 3.1 in research designs which have been
explaining detail about what is SWOT and PES analysis. In this subtopic 3.7, the
explanation will continue and will try to relate between strength; weakness;
opportunity; and threat factors with the political; economical; social; technology;
and legal factors.

waterway to be used by users. The existing waterway needs to be identified and
Scheme that is intend to be created need to used the existing waterway. Strength refers
to Kenyir Lake existing waterway that is use by houseboat at Kenyir Lake to move
from one island to another.
30
Strength - Existing Waterway
Figure 6.0 : Strength
The strength and opportunity factor seems to be relating to each other. With
the establishment of TSS, there will be tonnes of job opportunity to the communities
around Kenyir Lake. Apart from that, the FTZ that will be launched will help
communities to improve their life even more. Furthermore, the economical factor has
merge from these job opportunity creates by the TSS. Economical factor is about the
economy of the communities around the focus area. Hence, not only the tourist and
boat operators, but the communities also will get the benefit from the formulation of
Traffic Separation Scheme.
Opportunity - Establishment of
TSS Kenyir Lake
Figure 7.0: Opportunity
31
Weaknesses are also include in the internal factors which is related closely to
the lacking of authorities whom is responsible to monitor the waterway and boat at
Kenyir Lake. This involve political aspect which is government is not interfere in this
problem. Clearly, till this day, there still no agency that is specifically in charge in
monitoring and regulate the area of Kenyir Lake regarding the waterway itself. The
lacking of authorities in monitoring and regulating the waterway is one of the causes
that the waterway have no traffic lane to regulate the waterway. This will eventually
cause the waterway to be congested in the future when FTZ is establish.
Weakness - Lack of authorities
Figure 8.0 : Weakness
Threat - No traffic lane
32
Figure 9.0 : Threat

This factor which is weakness and threat is related to each other. The
weakness that has been identified at Kenyir Lake is lacking of authorities that
monitoring over the entry, the exit, and the waterway itself. Weakness factor relate to
the political factor which require the intervene from the government. Several problem
will arise because of this situation. There is no one to fully regulate the activities at
Kenyir Lake. Hence, this will cause the environment at Kenyir Lake affected because
there was only signboard that try to regulate people. If someone are about to pollute
the natural surrounding at the area, they will not be hesitate to do it because no action
will be taken on him. For the threat factors, danger will cause upon the users of the
lake because the is no Traffic Separation Scheme to regulate the boat to prevent
collision such as collide front to front. This case will be happen if there are no further
action taken by government.
33
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
4.0
SWOT and PESTL
PESTL is an acronym for "political, economic, social, technological, and

legal." The purpose of a PESTL analysis is to identify all of the various external
political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors that might affect the thesis.
SWOT is an acronym for "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats." The goal
of a SWOT analysis is to create lists of all of the internal and external strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats to inform strategic planning decisions.
The results of a PESTL analysis can help inform managers when conducting a
WOT analysis. The entire political, economic, social, technological, and legal
identified by a PESTL can be categorized as opportunities or threats in a SWOT
analysis.
The analysis of this paper is divided into several parts which is:
a) Internal Analysis
34
b) External Analysis
4.1
Internal Analysis
The Internal Analysis of strengths and weaknesses focuses on internal factors that
give an organization certain advantages and disadvantages in meeting the needs of its
target market.
4.1.1
Strength

waterway to be used by users. The existing waterway need to be identify and
Scheme that is intend to be created need to used the existing waterway. Strength refers
to Kenyir Lake existing waterway that is use by houseboat at Kenyir Lake to move
from one island to another. These waterways are very important because it can be
used to exploit opportunities, reduce weakness and threat.
Pengkalan Gawi which is the gateway to enter Kenyir Lake, is in process of

development and so far, it is clearly that the development is running smoothly. This
research is done in search for the potential to formulate the Traffic Separation Scheme
at Kenyir Lake from Pengkalan Gawi to Pulau Bayas which is the center of Free
Trade Zone Kenyir Lake.
35
According to houseboat operator at Kenyir Lake, Encik Razak Ismail said

there are 340 islands at Kenyir Lake. There is multiple routes that can be used to reach
each of these island. The reason for the boat operator using different route is because
the water draught is changing according to the time and with the pile of tree blocking
the way, boat operator need to navigate carefully to prevent the boat from collide with
the pile. With the knowledge from boat operator which is very familiar with the route
of waterway at Kenyir Lake, a new route can be develop to be adopted as TSS. The
route from Pulau Bayas and Pulau Poh is it is possible to formulate new waterway
route. As government establishing FTZ at Kenyir Lake, it will become strength to
Kenyir Lake when TSS been establish.
4.1.2
Weakness
The weaknesses aspect describing about problems that occur at waterway

Kenyir Lake. Now, the major problem that occur relating with this topic is there are
no specific authorities to monitoring the waterway and Traffic Separation Scheme.
According to officer at Marine Department at Kuala Terengganu, for the time being,
the authorities that responsible to monitor Kenyir Lake is Majlis Daerah Hulu
Terengganu. In this situation, there is no specific authorities that is now watch over
the waterway at Kenyir Lake because Majlis Daerah Hulu Terengganu have lot of
responsibilities that they need to cater. So, in this case, Kenyir Lake should have their
own authorities to monitor over these waterways to ensure the safety of the users at
Kenyir Lake.
36
Weaknesses is connected with political and legal factors. As for the political
factors, the cause of lacking in authorities is because of no government intervene.
Although the Free Trade Zone will soon be launched, there is still no specific
authorities to handle Kenyir Lake specifically. This situation need to be solve
immediately to prevent any trouble in the future. This is because Kenyir Lake is now
very famous among the tourist. So it is crucial to have an authority to monitoring over
Kenyir Lake especially the waterway.
According to Encik Junaidi Hashim from Unit Perancangan Ekonomi Negeri

(UPEN), government of Terengganu is now planning to create new authority to take
care of all the activities at Kenyir Lake including the waterway to ensure the safety of
the users. This authority is called Majlis Pembangunan Tasik Kenyir.
Legal factors is regarding the existing waterway that is not regulated because
of no authority. Authority is agency that is responsible to make sure that the waterway
is safe for the user to use. The traffic lane is function to regulate the waterway and to
prevent any accident from happening to the users of the waterway. Thus, authority of
Kenyir Lake need to be established to make sure the waterway is regulated.
37
4.2
External Analysis
The External Analysis takes a look at the opportunities and threats existing in your
organizations environment. Both opportunities and threats are independent from the
organization.
4.2.1
Opportunity
The aspect of opportunity refers to the incoming establishment of FTZ which
will be required new regulation regarding to the traffic lane at Kenyir Lake because
these area will become congested once the FTZ being launched. Hence, to prevent the
congestion from happening, the traffic lane at Kenyir Lake area need to be improvise
using Traffic Separation Scheme. Traffic Separation Scheme will help in order to
prevent congested around the area of Kenyir Lake. This new regulation maybe seem
to be odd to the people around the area, especially to boat operators, but the boat
operators will soon realize the benefit of Traffic Separation Scheme which is ease
their job and ensure their safety and their customer safety.
Opportunity is related to the technology and legal factor. The establishment of

TSS at Kenyir Lake will transform the existing technology regarding the waterway at
the area of impact. The transportation will transform from usual waterway to new
traffic lane called Traffic separation Scheme. These TSS will brought technology such
as Vessel Traffic System to Kenyir Lake. This is one of new technology of
transformation to Kenyir Lake. Apart from that, TSS itself is also technology of
transformation of transport and TSS will brought upon new regulation at Kenyir Lake.
38
Legal factor contribute to the formulation of TSS. This is because TSS is a regulation
under rule 10 adopted under Collision Regulation.
According to Manager at KETENGAH, in year of 2006, the number of tourist

visits Kenyir Lake is around 60,532 people. The number of visit is increased tenfold
in year of 2014 which approximately to 645,953 people and this increase of visits is
due to the establishment of Free Trade Zone at Kenyir Lake. This shows that the
Traffic Separation Scheme need to be formulate to prevent congestion at waterway of
Kenyir Lake. Congestion will increase the probability of accident to occurred.
Formulation of Traffic Separation Scheme need to be proceed to ensure that the
congestion can be control. It is a good opportunity to formulate Traffic Separation
Scheme at Kenyir Lake because with the Free Trade Zone that will launched soon, the
number of tourist will increase tremendously and surely the congestion will occur if
early step does not take by government to control the congestion.
According to Marine Department, Encik Saiful, the process to create TSS

adopted to Kenyir Lake waterway is possible and can be done. TSS is formulate by
considering the separation between two lane which is westbound and eastbound. This
westbound and eastbound have separation line which is separate the lane. To
formulate TSS, first thing to do is to make a measurement of depth of water. The
minimum draft of water is depend on the boat that will be used at the area. Usually,
TSS depth is about 25 meter to prevent boat or ship to aground. At Kenyir Lake, the
minimum draft of water is about 30 meter. Channel Navigation need to be establish to
assist boat through TSS to prevent accident from happening. A broadcast will be
transmitted to every boat at the area of Channel Navigation to inform any relevant
39
information regarding the lane. Vessel Traffic System need to be install at Kenyir
Lake to aid boat and commodities. VHF-FM communications network forms the basis
of most major services. Transiting vessels make position reports to a vessel traffic
center by radiotelephone and are in turn provided with accurate, complete, and timely
navigational safety information. The addition of a network of radars, AIS, and close
circuit television cameras for surveillance and computer-assisted tracking, similar to
that used in air traffic control, allows the VTS to play a more significant role in
marine traffic management, thereby decreasing vessel congestion, critical encounter
situations, and the probability of a marine casualty resulting in environmental
damage. Besides, if Channel Navigation and Vessel Traffic System is failed to
operate properly and malfunction, Encik Saiful suggest that light house be build at
Kenyir Lake for the precaution measure.
The reason to formulate TSS at Kenyir is because of the establishment of Free

Trade Zone that will be launched soon. If the number of boat and commodities not
increasing at all, so there is no reason to formulate the TSS at Kenyir Lake. But due to
the establishment of Free Trade Zone soon, Kenyir Lake will be crowded and
congested. So it is necessary to establish TSS to prevent fatality and harm to the users.
4.2.2
Threat
Threat that has been identified which is danger to the passenger and all the
users because of lacking of Traffic system at Kenyir Lake. Traffic system is very
important to ensure safety of users is guaranteed. Without guarantee, users
(passenger) will become uncertain and not sure to risk their life with something that
40
have no specific regulation. This situation will incur if no action being taken.
Furthermore, the boat at Kenyir Lake is illegal and does not comply with any
regulation because of no specific authority is taking care of the regulation at Kenyir
Lake.
Accident will happen and the users of the lake will be victims because there is
no Traffic Separation Scheme to regulate the boat to prevent collision such as collide
front to front. This case will be happen if there are no further action taken by
government. Threat is related to the economical and social factor. Without traffic lane,
the economical factor at Kenyir Lake will be congested and soon will stress the
activities at FTZ Kenyir Lake. This is because the lane is not regulated, and accident
may happen at the waterway. Without proper Traffic Lane, the accident cannot be
solve properly because there is no regulation to be followed. As for the social factor,
the illegal stakeholder which is the owner of the houseboat at Kenyir Lake have no
license to operate the houseboat. In this case, who should be responsible to take an
action to these operators? No one does. This is because Kenyir Lake still does not
have specific authority. So these illegal stakeholders are free to do anything they like.
Hood said that, "I learned about Traffic Separation Schemes in England where
they are used in the English Channel and North Sea. In these areas there is an
incredible quantity of shipping and without the separation schemes many more
shipping accidents would occur. In fact they are so ssential that even skippers of
recreational boats crossing the channel to France have received heavy fines for failing
to comply with the rules."(Hood,2003). This shows that Traffic Separation Scheme
need to be apply at the area that is congested to prevent accident from happening.
41
As said by Encik Kamarul Zaman bin Muda, Administration officer at

Ketengah, Pengkalan Gawi, Kenyir Lake houseboat and boat does not have the
license and illegal because of the is still no specific authority that is monitoring
Kenyir Lake itself. This is the disadvantage of not having authority to take care of
Kenyir Lake. With the establishment of Kenyir Lake Free Trade Zone, a specific
authority will be created by government to cater all the activities at Kenyir Lake
including monitoring the waterway and the boats.
Training centre need to be created to guide and assist all operators at Kenyir
Lake. As with all of the Navigation Rules, International and Inland, these rules are
designed to be readily understood by seamen. They are not like most legal documents:
they really are fairly easy to read and to understand.
42
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION
5.0
Introduction
In this chapter will be discussing about the overall of the research that have
been carried out. A brief review of the research is presented. In this part, all issues
such as the research objective and research methodology will be discussed briefly.
5.1
Overview of the Research
The first objective of this research is to identify the potential of existing

pattern of waterway routes to be formulate as a traffic separation scheme at Kenyir
Lake. This objective is to survey the potential of existing pattern of the waterway
routes by observation and by interviewing the boat operator at Kenyir Lake. By
observing the existing route at Kenyir Lake and interviewing the boat operator at
Kenyir Lake, the answer that obtained is positive. The waterway have several route
that have been used by boat operators. The reason behind this more than one route is
because of the pile of dead tree that is blocking the route at certain period of time of
the day depend on the draft of water at Kenyir Lake.(Boat Operators,2015)
43
The second objective is to explore the potential of traffic separation scheme

regulation adopted to inland waterway Kenyir Lake. This objective is to know
whether is it possible to apply traffic separation scheme at Kenyir Lake. According to
the officer from Ministry of Transport, applying traffic separation scheme at Kenyir
Lake is possible, but to apply traffic separation scheme at lake, strong reason need to
be stated. The reason this research being held is to prepare for the incoming Free
Trade Zone that will be launched soon at Kenyir Lake. With the launching of Free
Trade Zone at Kenyir Lake, the area will be crowded, boat and commodities will be
congested, and early precaution need to be taken to ensure that no accident will
happened at the waterway of Kenyir Lake.
The last objective is to identify the main inland waterway authority for the
establishment of traffic separation scheme at Kenyir Lake. This objective is to find a
potential authority that will be in-charge of monitoring the Traffic Separation Scheme
at Kenyir Lake. According to KETENGAH and UPEN, there are still no specific
authority that is monitoring over Kenyir Lake. Meanwhile, stakeholder of Kenyir
Lake is now on the way to creating a new authority to monitor over Kenyir Lake. The
name of this authority is Majlis Perbadanan Tasik Kenyir. This authority is still in
process
of
discussion
and
collaborate
with
the
state
government.
(KETENGAH,UPEN,2015)
This research is using SWOT analysis and PESTL analysis. SWOT analysis is
a structured planning method used to evaluate the significant internal (strengths and
weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors involved in the research.
PESTL analysis is a term used to describes a framework of macro-environmental
44
factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. This

analysis focusing on the effect of the research towards political, economic, and social,
technology and legal. This two analysis is combined and used to find out whether the
objective can be achieved or not.
The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of Traffic Separation
Scheme adopted to waterway Kenyir Lake. The result of this study showed that the
key of success factors are both internal and external factors. The main internal and
external factors that is connected and influencing each other is the existing waterway
and the potential to formulate the Traffic Separation Scheme. With these two factors,
the research objective is tend to be positive.
This study has provided factors that are related closely to the waterway Kenyir
Lake. This study has expressed quantitative research methodology that describe all
about waterway of Kenyir Lake. Besides, this study has integrate the internal and
external factors that can be a barrier but also can be key to the success of formulation
Traffic Separation Scheme at Kenyir Lake.
5.2
Great Lake
The Great Lakes is the model for formulation of Traffic Separation Scheme at
Kenyir Lake. The Great Lakes system includes Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan,
and Superior, their connecting waters, and the St. Lawrence River. It is one of the
largest concentrations of fresh water on the earth. The system, including the St.
45
Lawrence River above Iroquois Dam, has a total shoreline of about 11,000 statute
miles (9,559 nm), a total water surface area of about 95,000 square statute miles
(24,600,000 hectares), and a total drainage basin of almost 300,000 square statute
miles (77,700,000 hectares). With the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, the
system provides access by oceangoing deep-draft vessels to the heartland of the North
American continent. From the Strait of Belle Isle at the mouth of the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, the distance via the St. Lawrence River to Duluth, MN, at the head of Lake
Superior is about 2,340 statute miles (2,033 nm) and to Chicago, IL, near the south
end of Lake Michigan is about 2,250 statute miles (1,955 nm). About 1,000 statute
miles (870 nm) of each of these distances is below Montreal, the head of deep-draft
ocean navigation on the St. Lawrence River. (Pritzler, Sullivan & Bamford, 2015)
The navigable waterway extends from the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of St.
Lawrence through the St. Lawrence River and into all of the Great Lakes. It consists
of channels through the St. Lawrence, Detroit, St. Clair and St. Marys rivers, which
are dredged where necessary to provide adequate vessel draft. It also consists of
canals and locks that allow ships to bypass the rapids and falls in these rivers.
Measured from Sept-les, Quebec, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the lake head at
Duluth, Minnesota, this waterway extends a total of 3,700 kilometers (km) (2,300
miles). Its locks allow ships to be raised more than 180 meters (m) (600 feet) from sea
level to the level of Lake Superior.
46
Figure 10.0: Map of The Great Lake
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is recognized as the only

international body responsible for establishing and recommending measures on an
international level concerning ships routing. In deciding whether or not to adopt or
amend a traffic separation scheme, IMO will consider whether the scheme complies
with the design criteria for traffic separation schemes and with the established
methods of routing. IMO also considers whether the aids to navigation proposed will
enable mariners to determine their position with sufficient accuracy to navigate the
scheme in accordance with Rule 10 of the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea (72 COLREGS).
The water levels of the Great Lakes are subject to three types of fluctuation:
seasonal, long range, and short period. Seasonal or annual fluctuations cover a period
of about 1 year, long range fluctuations a few or many years, and short period
fluctuations from several minutes to a few days. Seasonal and long range fluctuations
generally affect an entire lake, while short period fluctuations are local in scope. The
water levels of the individual Great Lakes and their connecting waters are constantly
changing. To facilitate the charting of depths and vertical heights, it became necessary
to adopt a standard or fixed reference level for each lake in the Great Lakes system.
Aids to navigation in U.S. waters of the Seaway between St. Regis and the
head of the St. Lawrence River are operated and maintained by The Saint Lawrence
Seaway Development Corporation and are described in the U.S. Coast Guard Light
List. Buoys off station, lights extinguished or malfunctioning, and other defective
conditions should be reported promptly, by radio or other means, to the nearest Coast
Guard unit or to Massena traffic control center.
A Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) has been established in St. Marys River. The
Service has been established to prevent collisions and groundings, to protect
improvements to the waterway, and to protect the navigable waters from
environmental harm.
The Vessel Traffic Service provides for a Vessel Traffic Center (VTC), voice
call, that may regulate the routing and movement of vessels by movement reports of
vessels, specific reporting points, and VHF-FM radio communications. The Service
includes one- and two-way traffic areas, areas of allowed and prohibited anchorage,
and speed limits.
The Canadian Coast Guard operates Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) in Canadian
waters from Long Point in Lake Erie through the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers to De
Tour Reef Light in Lake Huron. The service is mandatory from Detroit River East
Outer Channel Lighted Buoy 1 and West Outer Channel Lighted Bell Buoy 1 to a
point 30 minutes north of Lake Huron Cut Lighted Horn Buoy 11. The service is
voluntary in the remaining waters. The service is designed to enhance the safe and
expeditious movement of marine traffic by encouraging the monitoring of a common
radio frequency by vessels within each sector of the service. The service provides
users with information on traffic situations pertaining to no meeting zones, as well as
information to pilots, the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority, the public, vessel owners,
and shipping agents.
5.3
Kenyir Lake Traffic Separation Scheme Framework
To increase the safety of navigation, particularly in converging areas of high

traffic density, routes incorporating traffic separation need to be adopted at Kenyir
Lake. In the interest of safe navigation, it is recommended that through traffic use
these schemes, as far as circumstances permit, by day and by night and in all weather
conditions.
In order to formulate Traffic Separation Schemes, there are things that need to
be consider such as the westbound and eastbound lane, water level, aids to navigation,
Vessel Traffic Service, Vessel Traffic Centre, Automatic Identification System, and
light house.
The water levels of the Kenyir Lake need to be clarify on the chart at Kenyir
Lake. This is because the water levels of Kenyir Lake are big body of waters and it is
constantly changing because of the tide. When calculating the depth of water,
mariners are reminded that the height of the tide in mid-Strait can be up to one metre
less than predicted for the adjacent standard port. To facilitate the charting of Kenyir
Lake navigation map, it is necessary to measure carefully the water level to prevent
boat aground.
Figure 11.0 : Kenyir Lake waterway from Pengkalan Gawi to Pulau Bayas
5.3.1
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
A Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) need to be established at Pengkalan Gawi and

Pulau Bayas. The purpose of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) is to provide interactive
monitoring and navigational advice for vessels in particularly confined and busy
waterways. There are two main types of VTS, surveilled and non-surveilled.
Surveilled systems consist of one or more land-based radar sites which

transmit their signals to a central location where operators monitor and, to a certain
extent, control traffic flows. Ships contact the VTS authority at predetermined,
charted calling -in points.
Non-surveilled systems consist of one or more calling-in points at which ships

are required to report their identity, course, speed, and other data to the monitoring
authority.
Vessel Traffic Services in the U.S. are implemented under the authority of the
Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-340 as amended) and the St.
Lawrence Seaway Act (Public Law 358). They encompass a wide range of techniques
and capabilities aimed at preventing vessel collisions, and groundings in the approach,
harbor and inland waterway phases of navigation. They are also designed to expedite
ship movements, increase transportation system capacity, and improve all weather
operating capability.
The Vessel Traffic Service provides for a Vessel Traffic Center (VTC), voice
call, that may regulate the routing and movement of vessels by movement reports of
vessels, specific reporting points, and VHF-FM radio communications. The Service
includes one- and two-way traffic areas, areas of allowed and prohibited anchorage,
and speed limits.
5.3.2
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS is an automatic communication and identification system intended to

improve the safety of navigation by assisting the efficient operation of a Vessel Traffic
Services (VTS), ship reporting, ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore operations need to be
placed at Kenyir Lake. AIS is similar to the transponder in an aircraft, which sends
out a radio signal containing information such as the name of the vessel, course,
speed, etc. This data appears as a text tag, attached to the radar blip, on systems
designed to receive and process the signals. It enhances the ability of VTS operators
to monitor and control shipping in busy ports.
5.3.3
Aids to Navigation
Aids to navigation in at Kenyir Lake need to be established. A

navigational aid (also known as aid to navigation, ATON, or navaid) is any sort of
marker which aids the traveler in navigation; the term is most commonly used to refer
to nautical or aviation travel. Common types of such aids include lighthouses. Every
buoys off station, lights extinguished or malfunctioning, and other defective
conditions should be reported promptly to ensure that the accident can be avoided.
Lighthouses need to be build to aid navigation if others navigation aids such as

VTS is malfunction. A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure
designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and used as a navigational
aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways. Lighthouses mark dangerous
coastlines, hazardous shoals, reefs, safe entries to harbors, and can also assist in aerial
navigation.
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.0
Conclusion
Kenyir Lake is a very potential place that can increase the income of whether
nearby or faraway communities because of FTZ. FTZ will gather all people around
the countries and also investor from outside. With the establishment of Traffic
Separation Scheme along with the upcoming FTZ, Kenyir will be very famous in the
future. This research is done to prove the importance of waterway towards the Kenyir
Lake. The other sector also should be examined. The strength and opportunity of
waterways at Kenyir Lake will contribute to the establishment of TSS Kenyir Lake.
Furthermore, the weakness and threat that disrupt the smoothness of the activities at
Kenyir Lake can be reduce by following the recommendation that have been given.
Traffic Separation Scheme should be establish at Kenyir because the waterway is not
safe unless there is a regulation to regulate the waterway at Kenyir Lake.
6.1
Recommendation
Kenyir Lake have a huge potential to be the first one to establish Traffic
Separation Scheme at Lake in Malaysia. This research should be continued and extend
to gain more information regarding the formulation of Traffic Separation Scheme.
The most critical aspect that should be consider before formulate Traffic
Separation Scheme is to find specific authority to handle Kenyir Lake itself. Without
specific authority to monitor Kenyir Lake, Kenyir Lake will have difficulties to
growth especially with Free Trade Zone that soon will be launched. The area of
Kenyir Lake especially around the area of Pengkalan Gawi to Pulau Bayas will be
congested if government does do something about this problem.
With the establishment of Free Trade Zone Kenyir Lake, the illegal
stakeholder will be increased if the authority of Kenyir Lake does not taking any
action on the unlicensed boat operator and as famous place, image of Kenyir Lake
will be affected if these case is not handle immediately.
Besides, training centre for the boat operators to learn on how to navigate
correctly at Traffic Separation Schemes need to be build and facilitate by expert to
ensure that navigation at the waterway running smoothly.
GANNT CHART
FINAL YEAR PROJECT SCHEDULE 2014/2015
NO
SEPT
OKT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
TASK
1
Project Proposal
Literature Review
Preparation
of
Proposal
4
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Writing Final Report
Table 7.0 : Gannt Chart
References
Adams, M., 2002. "Cruise ship pollution fine draws criticism". USA Today.
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
http://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2002/2002-11-08-cruises-1acover.htm
Akaso, A. A., Bariweni, P. A., & Abowei, J. F. N. (2011). Economic and environmental
benefits.Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 7(4), 97-110. Retrieved from
njafe.org/njafe2011v7n4/13_Akaso_et_al_2011.pdf
Bauer, K. Jack. A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas
and Waterways. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
BERNAMA. (2014, September 28). Kenyir lake goes duty free. Utusan. Retrieved from
http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=368092:really-soeasy?-jobs-galore-when-kenyir-lake-goes-duty-free-next-year&Itemid=2#ixzz3EZjus2Dr
Boundless. Policy Formulation. Boundless Political Science. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014. Retrieved 06
Dec. 2014 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-sciencetextbook/domestic-policy-15/policy-making-process-95/policy-formulation-514-6174/
Bruch M. , Bond F. W. (1998). Beyond diagnosis: case formulation approaches in CBT. New York:
Wiley.
Davies,
E.
A.
J.
(2013,
07
05). Inland
waterway.
Retrieved
from
http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/92049/canals-and-inland-waterways/93034/Economicsignificance
European Parliament, Council of the European Union. (2006). Regulation (ec) no 1365/2006 of the
european parliament and of the council of 6 september 2006 on statistics of goods transport by inland
waterways and repealing council directive 80/1119/eec. EU Law, 111. Retrieved from http://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006R1365
Hood,
J.
(2003).
Traffic
separation
schemes.
Retrieved
from
http://www.hshyachts.com/html/traffic_separation_schemes.html
IMO Ships Routeing, 6th Edition
IMO.
(2014). Ships'
routeing.
Retrieved
from
http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/ShipsRouteing.aspx
IHO Dictionary, S-32, 5th Edition, 5585
Jeevan, J. K. (n.d.). Transport. 2. Retrieved from www.jkjeevan.com/pdf/Transport.pdf
Johnstone, L. (2006). Formulation - The Physiological alternative to Diagnosis . Manchester, UK:

Retrieved from https://clinpsychthinking.wordpress.com/about/
Mainguet,
C.,
&
Baye,
A.
(2006).
Framework
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indicators. OECD,
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http://www.oecd.org/edu/innovation-education/37425733.pdf
Marsh,
C.
M.
(2013,
07
05). canals
and
inland
waterways.
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from
http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/92049/canals-and-inland-waterways/93034/Economicsignificance
Milton
Keynes
Council.
(2005,
December). Milton
keynes
local
plan.
Retrieved
from
http://www.cartogold.co.uk/miltonkeynes/text/12_tc_townshop.htm
National Imagery and Mapping Agency. (n.d.). Navigation regulation. 383-392. Retrieved from
http://msi.nga.mil/MSISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/APN/Chapt-27.pdf
Patel, F. (2010). Importance of water transport in economic development - see more at:
http://www.guesspapers.net/2945/importance-of-water-transport/
Pritzler, P., Sullivan, K., & Bamford, H. (2015). Coast pilot 6: Great lakes. (45th ed.). United State of
America: National Ocean Service. Retrieved from http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/cpdownload.htm
Thomas,
T.
A.,
&
Atkins,
W.
A.
(2014). Transportation.
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http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/St-Ts/Transportation.html
USLegal. (2014). Traffic separation scheme law. Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/t/trafficseparation-scheme/
Vidal, J; 2007. "CO2 Output From Shipping Twice As Much As Airlines". The Guardian
(London).http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/mar/03/travelsenvironmentalimpact.transportin
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Appendix 1
Number of Tourist visits Kenyir
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Number of Tourist Visits

60,532
92,199
133,569
189,388
225,570
275,241
397,005
467,678
645,953
Appendix 2
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name
Address
Phone Number
Email
Date of Birth
Age
Gender
NRIC
Marital Status
Highest Education Level

Period of Study
Date of Graduation
Name of Degree
: Tengku Muhammad Hamdan bin Tengku Zainuddin

: Kampung Seberang Baruh, Cabang Tiga, 21000,
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
: 019-9440860
: hamdanresearch92@gmail.com
: 28 December 1992
: 23 Years Old
: Male
: 921228-11-5629
: Single
: 2012 - Present
: Expected to graduate 2016
: Bachelor of Maritime Management
University Malaysia Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu, MALAYSIA.
Appendix 3
What is main function of your organization ?

Ketengah - to develop Kenyir Lake with the help from the state
government.
UPEN - to formulate economy policy for the development of the states
What is your responsibility in developing waterway routes of Kenyir Lake ?
KETENGAH and UPEN - The responsibility in developing the waterway

route is under the jurisdiction of State government. Our organization does not
handle the waterway routes
What is safety features that have been apply at waterway routes at Kenyir Lake ?
There is still no safety feature that have been apply at Kenyir Lake regarding
to the waterway routes.
How many waterways that have been fixed and used by boat operator at Kenyir Lake?
There is no specific route that have been used by operator boat because in
Kenyir Lake, there are about 340 island scatter all around the area.
Does the existing waterway route is safe to be used ?

KETRNGAH and UPEN so far, there are still no accident happen involving
the houseboat, or passenger that hired the boat.
With the establishment of FTZ soon, the area of Kenyir Lake especially Pengkalan
Gawi and Pulau Poh will be busy and congested, so how does your organization
expect to handle the situation of congestion ?
KETENGAH - Our organization still doesnt have idea to handle the situation
UPEN - Our stakeholder are proposing to the state government to create a new
authority to monitor over Kenyir Lake.
Why does Kenyir Lake does not have a fixed authority to govern the waterway routes
at Kenyir Lake ?
Kenyir Lake waterway is actually under the jurisdiction of district office, but
because of the jurisdiction of these authority is too vast, the scope will be
shrink. Soon enough, Kenyir Lake will have an authority to handle all the
activities regarding to Kenyir Lake.
Appendix 4
RESEARCH QUESTIONAIRES FOR DEGREE
FREE TRADE AREA OF KENYIR LAKE : POTENTIAL OF

DEVELOPING THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY ROUTES AND
POTENTIAL FOR FORMULATING TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME
AT KENYIR LAKE
TENGKU MUHAMMAD HAMDAN BIN TENGKU ZAINUDDIN

(UK28612)
BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT (MARITIME)

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MARITIME
MANAGEMENT
BORANG SOAL SELIDIK

Assalamualaikum dan Salam Sejahtera,
Saya merupakan pelajar jurusan Sarjana Muda Pengurusan Maritim Tahun Akhir dari
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Saya menjalankan satu kajian mengenai penghasilan
skema pengasingan trafik di tasik Kenyir (POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING THE
FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY ROUTES AND POTENTIAL FOR
FORMULATING TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME AT KENYIR LAKE)
Borang soal selidik ini berdasarkan objektif kajian iaitu untuk mengenalpasti potensi
skema pengasingan trafik untuk diaplikasikan di laluan air tasik kenyir, untuk
mengenalpasti pihak berkuasa yang bertanggungjawab untuk menguruskan skema
pengasingan traffik yang bakal dikuatkuasakan, dan untuk mengenalpasti laluan asal
tasik dan menggunapakai skema pengasingan traffik di tasik kenyir.
Terima kasih terlebih dahulu dan saya amat menghargai kerjasama dan komitmen
anda untuk menjawab soalan. Semua soalan hanya untuk tujuan akademik dan
penyelidikan dan tidak digunakan bagi apa-apa perkara komersial.
Disediakan oleh:
Tengku Muhammad Hamdan bin Tengku Zainuddin (UK28612)
Sarjana Muda Pengurusan Maritim
Pusat Pengajian Perniagaan dan Pengurusan Maritim
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
No. Tel: 0199440860
E-mail: hamdanresearch92@gmail.com
Part A - General
1) What is the main function of your organization?
2) What is the function of your organization in improving the waterway Kenyir Lake?
3) Does Kenyir Lake waterway under your jurisdiction?
4) Does FTZ that will be establish soon is under your responsibility?
5) What is safety precaution that have been apply at Kenyir Lake waterway?
6) Kenyir Lake will became Free Trade Zone. What is the action that have been taken
from your organization to make sure that the safety at waterway is guarantee?
5) Why does Kenyir Lake does not have their own authority?
Part B - KETENGAH and OPERATOR BOAT
1) How many route does Kenyir Lake have?
2) Why does there is more than one route?
3) Does the houseboat operators have issues a license or any particular safety
training?
4) Does the waterway have what it takes to ensure the safety of the users?
6) How to increase safety at waterway Kenyir Lake?
Part C - Ministry of Transportation (MOT)
1) What is the function of your organization?
2) What is your opinion regarding applying Traffic Separation Scheme at Kenyir

Lake?
3) How is the process of formulating and applying TSS?
4) What is the factors that need to be considered in the process of formulating TSS?
5)What if TSS is malfunction? How to solve the problems?
6)Does small boat, houseboat, ferries, and commodities at the lake under the
jurisdiction of your organization?

Free Trade Area of Kenyir Lake

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FREE TRADE AREA OF KENYIR LAKE: POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING

THE FRAMEWORK FOR WATERWAY ROUTES AND POTENTIAL

TENGKU MUHAMMAD HAMDAN BIN TENGKU ZAINUDDIN

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MARITIME MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR OF MARITIME MANAGEMENT

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MARITIME

DECLARATION AND VERIFICATION REPORT

It is hereby declared and verified that this research report entitled:

Special appreciation to my fellow friends, group members for giving and

DECLARATION AND VERIFICATION REPORT RESEARCH PROJECT I AND II

Traffic Separation Scheme

SWOT and PESTL

Overview of the Research

Kenyir Lake Traffic Separation Schemes Framework

Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

Work Schedule (Gannt Chart)

Map of Kenyir Lake

Framework of the Study

Map of The Great Lake

Kenyir Lake waterway from Pengkalan Gawi -

Traffic Separation Scheme

Kenyir Lake is an artificial lake located in the state of Terengganu in northeast

Background of The Study

Kenyir Lake is an artificial lake located in the state of Terengganu in

Kenyir lake will undergo a RM100mil makeover. It is also expected to be

Figure 1.0 : Map of Kenyir Lake

A waterway is any navigable body of water. A shipping route consists of one

Go with the flow.

down the middle or a white line on its outside boundary.

This research is undertaken in order to show the importance of waterways

There are no separation between the waterway route at Kenyir Lake

The purpose of providing Principal Fairways and Traffic Separation Schemes

There are no traffic control to regulate the waterways routes

Lacking of public authority at Kenyir Lake

Specifically, this study mainly seeks to achieve the following objective:

To identify the potential of existing pattern of the waterway routes to be

To explore the potential of traffic separation scheme regulation adopted to

Which absolute pattern of traffic separation scheme would be develop as a

How the process for formulation of traffic separation scheme to FTZ

FKWTeaZntyirwLaykenFdTZS KenyirLake Waterway ndTS

Figure 1.0 : Scope of Study

1.6 Arrangement of Proposal

literature related to framework, formulation, Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS),

Chapter 3 will be describing about the method used in this research.

Chapter 6 will be describing about the conclusion and recommendation of this

between variables in a broader way, exploring not only one single

to the more categorical approach of psychiatric diagnosis..

Traffic Separation Scheme

Description Traffic Separation Scheme

collisions and groundings has often been dramatically reduced.

National Imagery and

A routing measure which separates opposing traffic flow

with traffic lanes.

in foreign exchange, decrease in transportation cost, increase in

increase in foreign investment.

Although the large capital investment required to renew the

water transport has demonstrated competitive strength as a

and goods throughout the world.

Council of the European

carrying capacity not less than 50 tonnes can navigate when

normally loaded. This term covers both navigable rivers and

most distant points between which the transport is performed.