Treinamento PP DS Ingles

SAP APO
PP/DS Production Planning and

Detailed Scheduling
SAP APO
NDICE
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS).........................................................4
Purpose................................................................................................................................4
Integration...........................................................................................................................4
Features...............................................................................................................................6
Constraints..........................................................................................................................7
Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario......................................................................8
Purpose................................................................................................................................8
Prerequisites........................................................................................................................9
Process Flow.......................................................................................................................9
Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders.....................................................................10
Use....................................................................................................................................10
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................10
Features.............................................................................................................................11
Activities...........................................................................................................................12
PP/DS Process.......................................................................................................................13
Purpose..............................................................................................................................13
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................13
Process Flow.....................................................................................................................13
Maintenance of Master Data.................................................................................................17
Purpose..............................................................................................................................17
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................17
Process Flow.....................................................................................................................17
Creating Models....................................................................................................................19
Use....................................................................................................................................19
Creating Planning Versions...................................................................................................20
Maintaining Location Master Data.......................................................................................21
Definition..........................................................................................................................21
Use....................................................................................................................................21
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................22
Procedure..........................................................................................................................22
Single Activity or Multi-Activity Resource..........................................................................24
Definition..........................................................................................................................24
Structure............................................................................................................................24
Maintaining the PPM Plan....................................................................................................26
Procedure..........................................................................................................................26
User Interface in the Production Process Model (PPM).......................................................28
Definition..........................................................................................................................28
Use....................................................................................................................................28
Maintaining Operations.........................................................................................................31
Procedure..........................................................................................................................31
Maintaining Activities...........................................................................................................32
Use....................................................................................................................................32
Maintaining Logical Components and Modes......................................................................34
Procedure..........................................................................................................................34
Maintaining the PPM............................................................................................................37
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SAP APO
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................37
Procedure..........................................................................................................................37
Master Data for Production Planning....................................................................................38
Definition..........................................................................................................................38
Use....................................................................................................................................38
Setup Matrix..........................................................................................................................39
Definition..........................................................................................................................39
Use....................................................................................................................................39
Structure............................................................................................................................39
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (APO-PPS)..............................................41
Transportation Lane Maintenance.........................................................................................42
Use....................................................................................................................................42
Integration.........................................................................................................................42
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................42
Features.............................................................................................................................42
Procedures.........................................................................................................................43
Transportation Lane Maintenance Screen.............................................................................44
Use....................................................................................................................................44
Structure............................................................................................................................44
Creating Transportation Lanes..............................................................................................46
Use....................................................................................................................................46
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................46
Procedure..........................................................................................................................46
Maintenance of PP/DS Settings............................................................................................47
Use....................................................................................................................................47
Interactive Planning..............................................................................................................49
Purpose..............................................................................................................................49
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................49
Process Flow.....................................................................................................................49
Production Planning Run......................................................................................................50
Use....................................................................................................................................50
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................50
Features.............................................................................................................................51
Activities...........................................................................................................................52
Detailed Scheduling..............................................................................................................53
Use....................................................................................................................................53
Prerequisites......................................................................................................................53
Features.............................................................................................................................53
SAP APO
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS)

Purpose
The component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) enables you to plan and
optimize multi-site production while simultaneously taking into account product and capacity
availability. PP/DS is designed to plan critical products, for example, with long replenishment lead
times or that are produced on bottleneck resources.
With PP/DS you can create executable production plans and
Reduce lead times

Increase on-time delivery performance
Increase throughput of products based on better resource coordination.
Reduce inventory costs because the work in process inventory is reduced as a result of
better coordination of product release.
Integration
The data relevant for planning, such as master and transaction data, is provided by a connected
OLTP System. Products are planned in the APO System and the planning results are then
transferred to the OLTP System, where you perform execution functions. Requirements data from
long and medium-term planning can also be transferred to PP/DS within APO from Demand
Planning and Supply Network Planning.
The following diagram represents the integration between an OLTP system and the APO system
and its components:
Integration within APO and with an OLTP System
SAP APO
The following table shows how PP/DS is integrated with the OLTP System and other APO
components:
Integration with Other APO Components and an OLTP System
To
Procedure
Other Information
Set up master data
Transfer the master data from

the OLTP System and maintain
the necessary data in the APO
System
The OLTP System provides

PP/DS with master and
transaction data. You control
which data is to be transferred
to and from the OLTP System in
the integration model of the
core interface. For more
information, see Integration of
APO and R/3.
Set up the Supply Chain Model
Use the Supply Chain Engineer

(SCE)
In the SCE, you assign the

locations, products, resources
and production process models
(PPM) to a model. You then add
transportation lanes to link
supply to demand locations and
to allocate products to the
transportation lanes.
Make the unconstrained

forecast (from Demand
Planning) available in PP/DS
Release the demand plan to

Supply Network Planning
Requirements that fall within

the production horizon and thus
the planning responsibility of
PP/DS, are transferred directly
to PP/DS.
Transfer the planning results of

Supply Network Planning to
PP/DS for more detailed
planning
Convert the orders that lie in

the production horizon into
PP/DS orders.
You can also to convert specific

individual orders that are
outside the production horizon.
Perform an ATP check using

Global ATP and PP/DS
Create a sales order in the

connected OLTP System
If the result of the ATP check is

to produce, Global ATP calls up
PP/DS to determine the
availability date while taking
product availability and capacity
into account.
SAP APO
Display exceptional,
unexpected or critical situations
in the PP/DS planning process
Access the Alert Monitor
You can define which types of

alerts you would like the system
to generate and display.
Perform execution of orders
Use the connected OLTP

System
For example, confirmation,

goods receipt.
Features
Automatic Planning
You can define that the System is to plan products automatically in PP/DS when you
change orders or data relevant to planning in the APO System or the connected OLTP
System. This enables up-to-date planning data in both systems.
With automatic planning, the system checks the availability of resources and components
when orders are created. The result is feasible availability dates for the product and its
components.
Automatic, multi-level transfer of changes to quantities and dates
Using pegging, the APO system creates a relationship between the receipt and
requirements elements of a product within a location. The system generates a pegging
structure that is organized according to the BOM structures of all relevant products. The
dynamic pegging structure ensures that quantity or scheduling changes are transferred to
orders at lower levels of the BOM structure.
Interactive Planning
You can use interactive planning for important products that you wish to plan manually and
to solve any planning problems that have arisen during automatic planning. Interactive
planning is supported by the following tools:
o Detailed scheduling planning board
In the DS Planning Board the planning situation and resource schedule are
displayed in Gantt charts. You use the detailed scheduling planning board to
reschedule orders or operations manually.
Product planning table
You use the product planning table to plan the production quantities for products
and the schedule of the production lines.
Optimization
Using the optimization tool, you can optimize the resource schedule according to
certain criteria, such as setup times and setup costs, to improve the planning
situation and solve particular detailed scheduling problems.
Heuristics and Background Planning
o
Heuristics
You use heuristics to solve specific planning tasks for selected objects (depending
on the focus of planning: products, operations, resources or line networks) using a
SAP APO
particular planning procedure algorithm. You can apply heuristics both during
interactive planning and during the production planning run.
Production Planning Run
You use the production planning run to execute heuristics, detailed scheduling
functions or optimization for a large number of objects online or as a background
job. During the production planning run, several heuristics or functions can be
executed one after another.
Constraints
The component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling is a planning tool. Execution
functions, such as shop floor control with confirmation, purchasing and so on, must be performed in
an OLTP system.
SAP APO
Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario

Purpose
Supply Network Planning is used for long to medium-term planning. One of the main advantages of
Supply Network Planning is sourcing, that is, determining where which product will be procured and
how. Functions, such as, deployment and transport load building are available to optimize sourcing.
Supply Network Planning uses bucket capacity when planning products, which means the finest
level at which you can plan is on a daily basis. It is therefore not able to take sequence constraints
into account during planning. In order to be able to schedule orders precisely (in
hours/minutes/seconds) and to take sequence constraints into account, orders must be planned
using Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS).
PP/DS is used for short-term planning. You specify this short-term planning horizon by defining a
production horizon. The production horizon is used to separate the planning responsibilities
between Supply Network Planning (used outside the production horizon) and PP/DS (used inside
the production horizon). More detailed resources and production process models enable a finer
level of planning. By converting the orders from Supply Network Planning to PP/DS, you achieve
the following.
The operations are brought into the correct sequence.

The exact time of production is determined.
Any missing components and operations are added (that is, components or operations that
are not included in the production process model used by Supply Network Planning but are
included in the more detailed PPM used by PP/DS).
As soon as at least one activity of an order in Supply Network Planning falls in the production
horizon, it will no longer be planned by Supply Network Planning. You convert the orders that are in
the production horizon into PP/DS orders. The converted orders are still visible for the supply
network planner as aggregated demand but are treated as firmed production and cannot be
changed by the supply network planner. During automatic planning, the system only creates receipt
elements to cover requirements that lie within the production horizon. You can, however, manually
create orders outside the production horizon. These orders are firmed in Supply Network Planning
and can only be changed in PP/DS.
Interaction Between Supply Network Planning and PP/DS
SAP APO
Visibility of Planning for Both Supply Network Planner and PP/DS Planner
Supply Network Planning orders and PP/DS orders of the same planning version load the same
resources. It is therefore important that the load of a resource is visible to both the supply network
planner and the PP/DS planner. It is possible to define resources that allow a bucket approach and
a detailed approach, which enables you to use the same resource for Supply Network Planning and
PP/DS. If PP/DS creates orders outside the production horizon, the supply network planner can see
the resource load as a bucket requirement. There are two forms of mixed resources: the single
mixed resource and the multi-mixed resource. These correspond to the single-activity resource
and the multi-activity resource respectively. Both forms of the mixed resource calculate the bucket
capacity from the resource capacity.
As neither setup nor sequence constraints are taken into account in Supply Network Planning, the
theoretically available bucket capacity can be reduced using a loss factor.
Both the PPM for Supply Network Planning and the PPM for PP/DS can use the single-mixed or
multi-mixed resource. You can assign a PP/DS PPM to a PPM used in Supply Network Planning to
ensure that the correct PPM is used in PP/DS when the orders are converted and re-created.
Prerequisites
See Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders.
Process Flow
1. Requirements that are outside the production horizon are transferred from Demand
Planning to Supply Network Planning.
If the requirements lie in the defined production horizon, they are transferred directly to
PP/DS when you release the demand plan to Supply Network Planning. For more
information, see Transfer of DP Demands to PP/DS.
2. You plan the products in Supply Network Planning. You can use the following functions:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Planning run
Capable-to-match
Supply network optimization
Deployment
Transport load building
Interactive planning
3. Once the orders fall into the short-term planning period, defined by the production horizon,
you convert them into PP/DS orders.
For more information, see Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders.
SAP APO
Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders

Use
You use Supply Network Planning (SNP) for long-term to medium-term aggregated planning. SNP
plans based on resources with a period-related available capacity, whereby the smallest possible
period is one day. Therefore, you can only plan in SNP within the accuracy of a day and without
taking sequence constraints into account. You use Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling
(PP/DS) to schedule order dates and resources within the accuracy of a second in the short-term
horizon. PP/DS plans on the basis of detailed production process models (PPM) and resources with
available capacity that is based on exact times.
The production horizon allows you to separate responsibility for planning. Planning in the production
horizon is done in PP/DS, and planning outside of the production horizon is primary done in SNP. If
you want to perform detailed planning for SNP receipts in short-term planning, you must plan these
receipts in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS). Within a planning version, you
can convert SNP orders that are within or outside of the production horizon to PP/DS orders.
You can convert orders as follows:
You can convert orders that are within or outside of the production horizon individually.
You can convert all SNP orders for which at least one activity begins within the production
horizon.
Prerequisites
To convert orders, you must have made settings for the following master data:
Object
Settings
Planning version
In Model and Planning Version Management you have set the following
indicators for the planning version:
Resources
PP/DS: Change planning active
SNP: Change planning active
You have assigned the SNP resources and the PP/DS resources to the model
of the planning version.
If you want to plan with the same resources in SNP and
PP/DS, you use mixed resources for which you can define
both an available capacity based on exact times, well as a
period-related available capacity.
PPM
10
You have defined a PPM for SNP and a PPM for PP/DS.
You have assigned the PP/DS PPM to the SNP PPM.
SAP APO
Production horizon
You have defined a production horizon for the location product as follows:
Global for all products in Customizing for Production Planning and
Detailed Scheduling under Maintain Global Parameter and Defaults
Product-specific in the location product master on the SNP 2 tab
If you define a product-specific production horizon, the system uses the
product-specific production horizon.
Features
Conversion for In-House Production
If you convert an SNP receipt for in-house production, the system:
Deletes the SNP receipt
Explodes the PP/DS PPM
Creates a new in-house production order for PP/DS
Control of Conversion
You can control conversion as follows:
You can specify that the system may not delete the newly created receipts in the PP
planning that follows.
You can specify whether the system is to use the sources of supply determined in SNP or
whether it is to determine new ones.
You can use the conversion mode to specify whether the system
o
o
o
Is to plan all components

Is only to plan those components that were not planned in SNP
Is not to plan components that are defined in the location product master as being
planned automatically
You have the following control options for converting all orders in the production horizon:
You can use the category to specify the types of receipt elements the system is to convert
(for example, receipts for in-house production).
You can define a larger horizon in which the system is to convert orders.
Visibility of Converted Orders
SNP orders converted to PP/DS orders are still visible in SNP as aggregated demands. If you use
the same resources in SNP and in PP/DS (mixed resources), the resource schedule is visible in
SNP and in PP/DS.
Conversion in the Background
You can also convert orders in the background.
Activities
Function
11
Menu path
SAP APO
Converting SNP orders

individually
From the Interactive Production Planning menu area, access the product
view for the product.
Call the order processing view for the receipt element to be converted.
Choose Edit Convert SNP order.
Converting all SNP

orders in the production
horizon
12
From the Production Planning menu area, choose Environment

Conversion of Supply Network Planning -> Production Planning.
SAP APO
PP/DS Process
Purpose
This process describes how you use the component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling.
Prerequisites
For the integration between the APO System and an OLTP system:
o
In the OLTP system, you must have set up an interface to the APO System via
which the data is to be transferred:
If you have a R/3 System as an OLTP system, to do this you have to generate and
activate an integration model in the R/3 System.
In APO, you must have maintained a business system group.
For more information, see Integration of APO and R/3. In this documentation, note the
document Checklist for Setting Up the System Infrastructure.
If you want to perform integrated long, medium and short-term planning in APO, you have
to use the components Demand Planning and/or Supply Network Planning in addition to
PP/DS.
Process Flow
The process flow for planning with PP/DS is illustrated in the following diagram.
Planning Process for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling
13
SAP APO
1. You maintain the master data.

2. You maintain the settings for interactive planning with PP/DS.
3. You transfer requirements and orders from the OLTP System, from Demand Planning or
from Supply Network Planning.
4. Planning is performed.
o
To cover the requirements of automatically planned products, the system performs

planning automatically. There are two types of automatic planning in PP/DS:
14
Automatic planning immediately: You use this type of planning for multilevel
planning of products with exact or fixed lot sizes. Planning is triggered as
soon as a change relevant to planning occurs.
Automatic planning in the planning run: You use Automatic planning in the
planning run to plan products using other lot-sizing procedures that are
available as heuristics, such as period lot-sizing or purchase order
optimization heuristics. When changes relevant to planning occur, a
planning file entry is created. These products are then planned during the
SAP APO
next net change production planning run using the heuristic defined for the
product in the Product Master.
o
o
During planning, the system creates and schedules the required receipt (planned
orders for in-house production, purchase requisitions or transport orders for
external procurement).
To cover the requirements of very important, manually planned products, you plan
interactively, that is, you manually create receipt elements.
5. You perform background planning:

o
To plan less important or less problematic products, or to solve specific planning

problems using heuristics, you can perform a production planning run as a
background job.
The production planning run can also be used to apply other types of heuristics
whose planning focus is not on products, as in the case of the production planning
heuristics, but rather on resources, orders and line networks. For example, you can
reorganize the resource schedule according to certain criteria (for example,
sequence) using detailed scheduling heuristics or optimization.
6. You display and check the planning situation, using, for example the Alert Monitor or the
7.
Plan Monitor. You check for any alert situations and deal with them using interactive
planning.
You plan interactively
o
o
To plan manually planned products

To solve planning or scheduling problems or to optimize the schedule.
To do this you use, for example:

o Heuristics
o Product planning table
o Detailed scheduling planning board
o Optimization
o Push production
8. The receipt elements that were created or changed are automatically transferred to the
OLTP system.
If you do not plan all products of a BOM structure in APO, you must complete planning in
the OLTP System.
9. You perform the execution in the OLTP-System, for example:
o
o
Confirmation
Posting goods receipt/issue
For more information, see:

OLTP-PP/DS Scenario
Demand Planning and PP/DS Scenario
Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario
15
SAP APO
16
Global ATP Check
SAP APO
Maintenance of Master Data

Purpose
This process flow describes the master data that is necessary for Production Planning and Detailed
Scheduling and in which sequence you have to maintain it. If you do not use APO as an ATP server,
you can transfer most master data from a connected OLTP System and simply maintain part of the
settings. For more information on which master data has to be maintained after transfer from the
OLTP System, see OLTP - PP/DS Scenario and Integration Scenario: Master Data.
Prerequisites
If you do not use APO as an ATP server but as a planning system, you have to perform an initial
transfer of master data to APO using an integration model in the core interface. You must transfer
the master data of all products that are to be planned in APO.
Process Flow
1. You create a supply chain model in the model/planning version master data or in the Supply
Chain Engineer.
2. You create a planning version based on the supply chain model and you set the PP/DS:
Change planning active indicator for the planning version.
3. You maintain a location (type: plant) in which a product is to be produced. You assign the
location to the model by choosing Assign model on the initial location master data screen or
you assign it in the Supply Chain Engineer.
4. You maintain the following data in the Product Master records in this location for the product
and its components that are produced in-house:
o
o
o
The lot size, scrap and rounding data in the Lot Size tab.
Whether the product is to be planned automatically or manually (with or without
check) by setting the appropriate indicator in the PP/DS screen, in the section
entitled Automatic planning for all changes.
Whether a product is to be produced in-house or procured externally in the GI/GR
screen, in the Procurement field.
You assign the products to the model by choosing Assign model on the initial Product
Master screen or you assign them in the Supply Chain Engineer.
5. You maintain single-activity resources or multi-activity on which the products are to be
produced. You define the working times and capacity for these resources. If you also use
Supply network Planning to plan products, you maintain mixed-single or mixed-multi
resources. These types of resources can used both in Supply Network Planning and
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling as it has both a bucket capacity and detailed
capacity.
You assign the resources to the model by choosing Model Assignment on the Process
Resource screen or you assign them in the Supply Chain Engineer.
6. You maintain production process models for the product and the components that are
produced in-house.
You assign the production process models to the model in the Supply Chain Engineer.
17
SAP APO
7. You maintain the transportation lanes between locations in the Supply Chain Engineer to
model the transfer and delivery of products.
18
SAP APO
Creating Models
Use
1. In the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Master Data Planning Version Management
Model and Version Management.
The Model/Planning Version Manager: Display Model Data screen appears.
2. Choose Create Model/Planning Version Model.
The Model/Planning Version Manager: Create Model screen appears.
3. Choose Create and Save.
You can also create a Supply Chain Model from the Supply Chain Engineer. In the SAP Easy
Access Menu, choose Master Data Supply Chain Engineer.
In the Supply Chain Engineer, you can maintain the model you created in Model/Planning Version
Manager by assigning locations, products, resources, PPM, and transportation lanes. If the model is
very extensive, you can maintain parts of it by defining a work area.
See also:
Creating Models in the Supply Chain Engineer.
19
SAP APO
Creating Planning Versions

1. In the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Master Data Planning Version Management
Model and Version Management.
The Model/Planning Version Manager: Display Model Data screen appears.
2. In the hierarchy in the left area of the screen, select the supply chain model for which the
planning version should be created.
3. Choose Create Model/Planning Version Planning Version.
The Model/Planning Version Manager: Create Planning Version screen appears.
4. Enter the name of the planning version.
5. If you wish to use the planning version in PP/DS or Supply Network Planning, set the
indicator accordingly.
6. Choose Create and Save
20
SAP APO
Maintaining Location Master Data

Definition
Here, you maintain the location master data.
Use
To maintain the location master data, choose a location and a location type in the Location Master
Data: Initial Screen. Note that the location types are predefined. Once you have done so, you can
maintain the relevant data on the following tabs in the subsequent screen:
General
Address
Calendar
TP/VS
Resources
SNP
Addit. (if free attributes have been defined in Customizing)
VMI customer
Ca.
The VMI customer tab page only applies to location type 1010 Customer. The Carrier tab page
only applies to location type 1020 Carrier.
Additional input fields are provided for the location type 1007 MRP Area and are exclusive to this
location type.
For further information, refer to:
Maintaining General Data
Maintaining Addresses
Maintaining Calendar Data
Maintaining TP/VS Data
Maintaining Resource-Related Data
Maintaining Data for Supply Network Planning
Maintaining Additional Data
Maintaining VMI Customer Data
Maintaining Carrier Data
21
SAP APO
Maintaining Location-Dependent Product Master Data

Prerequisites
Your system administrator must maintain unique identifiers for valid planners. Only these planners
can be assigned to a location product in Master Data Administration. You can assign the planner as
follows: in APO Customizing, choose Supply Chain Planning Specify the Person (Planner)
Responsible.
Procedure
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose SAP APO: Master Data Product. The Product
Master initial screen appears.
2. Enter a product name.
3. Select Location.
4. Use F4 help to select a location.
5. To apply the specifications in the pre-defined profiles, enter the profile name for each of the
following:
o
o
o
o
o
6.
Lot size profile

Demand profile
SNP demand profile
SNP Supply profile
Deployment profile
The relevant fields in the product master are populated with the data specified in the
profiles you selected. If you modify this data, the product master cannot be maintained
globally via the profiles. Create and maintain master data profiles in Customizing. In
Customizing, choose Advanced Planner and Optimizer Supply Chain Planning Supply
Network Planning Profiles.
Choose Create. The Create Product for Location screen appears.
On this screen you can see both the tabs for global product master data, see
Maintaining Global Product Master Data, and the tabs for the location master data that are
documented below.
7. Enter the unit of measurement for the product. The system converts all the quantities you
enter in alternative units of measure to the base unit of measure.
8. Select each of the tabs on this screen. Enter the relevant data. You can choose from the
following tabs:
22
Administr.
Demand
Lot Size
SNP2
PP/DS
Procurement
GR/GI
SAP APO
Extra
SNP1 both global and location-specific product master data
ATP - both global and location-specific product master data
These tab pages are based on location-specific product master data. The SNP1 and ATP
tab pages contain both global and location-specific data. Unlike the global product view, the
location product view also shows the tab pages containing the global product master data.
9. Save your entries.
For further information about the maintenance of data for the various applications, see also:
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS):
Maintaining Master Data
Integration documentation: OLTP PP/DS
23
SAP APO
Single Activity or Multi-Activity Resource

Definition
Resources that can be precisely scheduled, which are used for planning exact production
schedules in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) and Capable-to-Match
(CTM). The capacity of this resource is available throughout this working time. Only one activity can
be carried out at a time in a single-activity resource. Several activities can be carried out at once in
a multi-activity resource.
Structure
Working Time Data
The following working time data must be maintained for single-activity and multi-activity resources.
This data is used by the system for scheduling activities:
Detailed working and break times
Rate of resource utilization
The rate of resource utilization is used to estimate the average periods when the resource is
unavailable (due to technical and organizational failures) during working times. The rate of resource
utilization is defined as the percentage relationship between the productive time and the working
time that remains once the breaks have been subtracted.
The productive time of the resource is relevant for scheduling activities. It is calculated using the
following working time data:
Productive time = (work end work start break duration) x rate of resource
utilization / 100%
Productive time is the time that is actually available for carrying out an activity during working time.
You should define the activity duration in the production process model (PPM) for cases in which
the resource is available without interruption and with 100% rate of resource utilization. During
scheduling, the system determines the actual duration of the activity. This is dependent on the
productive time for the resource.
Capacity of Single-Activity Resources
A single-activity resource upon which only one activity can be executed at a time has a dimensionfree capacity of one. For single-activity resources the capacity value is fixed in the system. A singleactivity resource can only have two different situations: Either it is loaded with an activity or it is not
loaded at all. As a result, only the working time data, in other words the "time capacity" is relevant
for scheduling activities on such a resource.
Capacity of Multi-Activity Resources
Multi-Activity resources are used to map resources on which several activities can be carried out at
a time. The maximum number of activities that can be scheduled at the same time depends on the
organizational or technical conditions for the resource. In order to model the multiple loading on the
resource, define a multi-activity resource in addition to the working time data ("time capacity"), a
capacity that reflects the technical and organizational requirements on the resource:
24
SAP APO
If the multi-activity resource is, for example, a turnery with five lathes, you can schedule up
to five parallel turning activities on the resource. The turnery has a dimension-free capacity
of five.
Another example of a multi-activity resource is a saw that can cut a slab/block up to three
meters long into pieces. This block can also be formed from a combination of several
individual blocks of different lengths. These individual blocks can also come from different
orders. You can schedule as many activities on this resource at the same time as long as
the total length of the individual blocks does not exceed three meters. The saw has the
capacity three meters.
Each activity that is executed on the multi-activity resource "consumes" a certain proportion of this
capacity. You can only schedule as many activities at the same time as the available capacity allows
for.
You define the resource consumption of an activity in the PPM. The resource consumption is the
proportion of the multi-activity resource capacity that the activity consumes.
Capacity Variants
Within a resource you can define various capacity variants with different working time data and
capacities and select the variant of the resource to be used for planning. See Capacity Variants for
more information.
Planning Parameters
You can define planning parameters in a resource in addition to those for working time data and
capacity. These will be taken into account when operations and orders are scheduled for the
resource. See Resource-Specific Planning Parameters for further information.
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Maintaining the PPM Plan

Procedure
1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose SAP APO: Master Data Production Process
Model. The Choose Task List screen appears.
2. Enter a plan number to create a new plan, or select an existing plan using F4 help. There
are two ways of doing this:
3.
26
All plans: using the F4 help, you can choose a plan from the list of existing plans
Choose a plan through PPM: you can search for a plan number by entering a product or a
location. All the plan numbers assigned to this product appear in a list, from which you can
select a number for the PPM you want to change or display.
In this way, you can restrict the number of PPM plans and determine whether plans
exist in this area.
You can use the Usage field to determine the planning type for a PPM, for example, supply
network planning, production planning, trim optimizing, demand planning, and so on.
You can also create a PPM that is independent of a product or a location.
In the Display and Options field groups, you can define further settings for the work area
and logical view (graphical view) as well as for multiple displays of objects and for
displaying hierarchies.
Work area: represents the quantity of products and resources that are to be displayed on
the Products and Resources tabs in the tree structure as a pool for maintaining the PPM
plan.
You define and maintain work areas in the screens for maintaining plans. You can
create you own user-specific work area by defining a work area without a name. The
system uses this user-specific work area if you do not specify a work area in the initial plan
maintenance screen.
Logical view: this is the graphical view in the PPM maintenance. Using the F4 help in the
initial screen, you can choose the defined views so that you can work with a certain
graphical icon arrangement in the logical view. In the Change/Create/Display Plan Initial
Screen, you can define various graphical views by clicking the Edit work area and logical
view pushbutton or by choosing Edit Logical view. You do not need to make an entry in
the Logical view field in the initial screen. In this case, the standard layout (fixed value) is
used.
Automatic alignment: when you click the Setting pushbutton in the initial screen, the Specify
automatic assignment dialog box is displayed, where you can configure certain graphical
layout settings for the logical view. You activate these settings by flagging the Automatic
alignment checkbox in the initial screen. As a result, the objects in the graphical view are
arranged accordingly when you call up the screen for maintaining the PPM plan. Resetting
the alignment: by choosing the Setting pushbutton, you can display the Specify automatic
assignment dialog box, where you can reset all of the individual settings by clicking the
Standard settings pushbutton.
SAP APO
Multiple display: parts of a PPM plan (for example, a resource) that are used more than
once can be represented in one of two ways in the graphical view: if the Multiple display
checkbox is flagged, the resource is shown in the graphical view at all of the points to which
it is assigned; if the checkbox is not flagged, the resource is only shown once in the
graphical view, and then represented by assigned relationships.
Setting the Multiple display indicator may provide you with a clearer overview,
especially if an object is used very often.
Display hierarchy: products and resources can be components in hierarchies. You can
show this in the tree structure by flagging this checkbox.
3. Choose Change or Create. The Plan 'xxx' Change or Display Single Record screen is
then displayed. The name of the plan as well as its usage and administrative information
(such as Created by and Changed by) are displayed automatically.
4. Enter a description of the plan. You can also maintain single-level and multi-level costs and
characteristics here.
5. In this screen, you start to maintain the data in the table. Start with the relevant data for
maintaining operations.
User Interface in the Production Process Model
Maintaining Operations
Maintaining Activities
Maintaining Logical Components and Modes
Cost Maintenance
Maintaining the PPM
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SAP APO
User Interface in the Production Process Model (PPM)

Definition
You can maintain PPM master data using a:
Table
Graphical view
Tree structure
Use
The data is essentially maintained using a table. An additional graphical view and tree structure
provide you with an instant overview of the data in the PPM and allow you to access PPM data from
certain points in the system.
You can navigate to the maintenance table from both views, and then carry out basic changes or
maintain general data.
Simple/extended display:
Right-click a node in the tree structure or an icon in the graphical view to choose whether you want
to display only the PPM header (simple display) or also the data tables (extended display) in the
table section on the screen.
Graphical view:
The graphical view provides you with an instant overview of operations, activities, logical
components, modes, and resources in the PPM. These are identified by icons and the descriptions
you entered when you maintained the PPM. The lines between the individual components illustrate
the relationships, and the arrows on the lines indicate the direction of the relationship.
By positioning the cursor on one of the icons and clicking the left mouse button, you can change the
position of the icon. You can store these positions as a logical view by clicking the Edit work area
and logical view pushbutton or by choosing the menu path Edit Logical view. You then enter a
name for the new graphical layout and choose Save view. In this screen, you can also choose other
logical views using F4, load and delete views, and display the characteristics of a view. From the
initial PPM screen, you can also configure an automatic layout or choose a default one.
The graphical view enables you to access the functions for maintaining the PPM more easily. By
double-clicking one of the icons, you can display the relevant table with the PPM maintenance data,
where you can make changes or take a look at further details. You can display a legend with further
information on the icons by clicking the relevant pushbutton or choosing Goto Legend
Changing the tree structure in the graphical view: on the Products or Resources tab page,
choose a product or resource and assign it to a logical component or mode using drag & drop.
Tree structure
This area comprises three tab pages:
Plan: contains the tree structure that represents the PPM
Products: when you double-click Products, a dialog box is displayed in which you can add
further products to the PPM
Resources: when you double-click Resources, a dialog box is displayed in which you can
choose further resources for the PPM.
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SAP APO
The Plan tab page contains an overview of the individual components of the PPM. The top level
shows the name of the current PPM plan. The levels below show the operations, activity
relationships, and production process models in this PPM.
When you open the Production Process Models node, you can see the corresponding PPMs. The
Operations node shows different levels containing the individual components that you have
maintained for this PPM plan, for example
Operation
Activity
Modes with resources
Logical components as well as their input and output products
By double-clicking the nodes or subnodes maintained or the operations, you can display the
relevant PPM maintenance table, where you can make further changes or display further details on
the current object.
Maintenance table:
In every screen for maintaining data, you can go to the next level in the PPM maintenance hierarchy
by double-clicking the relevant entry or choosing the corresponding pushbutton. The header area in
these screens shows an overview of the settings that you have already maintained for the current
PPM plan, since any changes to the header data are displayed immediately.
Maintaining operations:
Header: plan number (copied from the initial screen)
Subareas: Single-level and Multi-level costs, Characteristics
Maintenance table: create operations
Maintaining activities:
Header: operation (copied from the previous screen), basis data (plan number)
Subareas: setup activities, PI information, characteristics

Maintenance table: activities
Maintaining components and sessions:

Header: Activity (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan number, operation
number), further information on the activity
Subareas: characteristics
Maintenance table: components, mode
Maintaining alternative components:

Header: Logical component (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan number,
operation number, activity), further information on the logical component
Subareas: characteristics
Maintenance table: Alternative components
Other data:
Header: Alternative components (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan
number, operation number, activity, logical component)
29
Subareas: Prevention of product explosion, validity, material consumption
SAP APO
Any changes you make in the maintenance table are automatically included in the graphical
view and tree structure.
You can define further settings for the graphical view (logical view) and tree structure from the
initial screen of the PPM in the Display and Options field groups.
Navigating between the individual table views:
To maintain the various PPM data, you double-click a row in one maintenance table to navigate to
the next table view. To navigate between the various table views, click the corresponding
pushbuttons in the header data area of the table.
You are in the maintenance table for the Logical components/sessions. The header data area
contains all of the information on the activity for which you want to maintain the logical components
or sessions. To go back a step, choose the Return to operation pushbutton in the header data area.
The maintenance table for the activity and the header data area of the operation are then displayed.
You can navigate through all of the other views in the same way, that is, by using the corresponding
pushbuttons in the header data area.
Navigating between the various master data areas
You can navigate to other master data areas that are linked to the PPM from the PPM or PPM plan.
To do so, position the cursor on the corresponding master data key in the PPM or PPM plan and
choose the pushbutton for displaying the master data parameters.
You are in the Plan Change Single Record screen for maintaining the operations table.
Position the cursor in the Location column for an existing operation and choose the Location
parameters pushbutton. The location master data for this location is then displayed.
You can display the master data for location products, resources, and products in the same way.
30
SAP APO
Procedure
1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Change or Display Single Record screen. The plan number and
description you selected in the initial screen are shown in the header data area. In the other
field groups, you can maintain single-level and multi-level costs, as well as characteristics.
2. In the Operations table, you maintain the data required for an operation.
The following fields are provided here:
Operations
Use to Define...
Description
the description of the operation
Setup group/key
the setup status of the resource that is necessary to process the

operation
Location
the key for a location assigned to the operation
Operation split quantity
the static split quantity
Operation type
which objects in the work plan / recipe in R/3 represent the

operation
Superior operation
a number generated by the system, which is assigned to

operation
The operation is also relevant for transferring recipes in the process industry. For PP-PI, the
phase and secondary resource are transferred with an activity as a separate operation. The
activities of all phases of a PP-PI operation have a finish-start relationship; each PP-PI phase is
also an activity. The Operation type and Superior operation fields described above are relevant in
this context.
You can maintain several operations.
By double-clicking an operation in the table, you can maintain activities for this operation. The
activity maintenance table is displayed.
3. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry.
See also:
Maintaining Activity Relationships
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SAP APO
Use
Activities include not only data for the activity itself, but also materials (logical component, product),
relationships (between the individual activities) and resources (mode, resource).
Procedure
1. You are in the field group for maintaining activities on the Plan 'xxx' Change or Display
Single Record screen. The header data section shows the plan number you selected in the
initial screen, the description of the plan, and the operation number, for which you want to
maintain activities. In the other field groups, you can specify setup settings and additional
information on the operation and characteristics.
2. In the Activities table, you maintain the data required for an activity.
Activity
Use to Define...
Activity
the number of the activity
Description
a description of the activity
Activity type
what is to be carried out by the activity (produce, setup, etc.).

You maintain the activity type in Customizing for APO
Scrap (%)
the percentage scrap quantity of the activity
Setup
that the duration of the setup activity in the operation depends

on operation that was processed previously at the resource, in
other words, on the setup status of the resource
Synchronization behavior
the synchronization behavior to override synchronization of

activities
You can maintain several activities.

By double-clicking an activity in the table, you can call up the screen for maintaining the logical
components and modes for this activity. The table for maintaining logical components and modes is
displayed.
3. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry.
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SAP APO

Maintaining Resources
When you select the plan usage for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) or
Capable-to-Match, the scrap percentage can be time-dependent; use the function Maintaining TimeDependent Planning Parameters
33
SAP APO

Procedure
1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Create or Change Single Record screen that contains the tab
pages for maintaining logical components and modes. The header data area contains the
plan number you selected in the initial screen, along with its description, the operation
number, activity, activity type and description, and the percentage scrap value. From here,
you can maintain the product flow by choosing the corresponding pushbutton.
In the other fields on the screen, you can maintain data for characteristics, activity
relationships, synchronization behavior, and setup activities.
Synchronization behavior: when you enter a value in this field, you deactivate the
synchronization of activities defined for a multi-activity or multi-mix resource in the resource
master. The synchronization behavior then no longer applies to all of the resources
maintained for the relevant activity.
Setup activity: you specify that the duration of the setup activity in the operation depends on
the operation that was processed previously at the resource, in other words, on the setup
status of the resource. If this indicator is not set, the system calculates the setup duration
from the setup matrix you assigned to the resource.
2. In the Logical components table, you maintain the data required for these components:
Components
Use to Define...
Short text
a description of the logical component
Input/output indicator
whether the product is an input or an output product
Consumption type
the point in time that a material is produced or used
Offset consumption
the timeframe that is added to or subtracted from the start or

end time of the activity in order to determine the time at which
material consumption occurs
You can maintain several logical components.

Output product: you do not have to create a PPM for each output product, since the
product may not be a finished product that can be used, but rather a by-product that is
created during the production process but cannot be utilized at the end (for example, waste
34
SAP APO
water). If you do not create a PPM for these products, they cannot be planned explicitly. In
other words, they are simply planned with the other products.
By double-clicking a logical component in the table, you can call up the screen for defining
alternative components. The table for maintaining alternative components is then displayed.
3. In the table on the Mode tab page, you can enter the relevant data.
Mode
Use to Define...
Mode
a mode number
Mode priority
you can assign various modes to an activity, that is, various

primary resources at which the activity can be carried out. In
general, these activities are not equal: a fast, expensive special
machine should be utilized before its slower, less expensive
replacement machine.
For this reason, you assign modes (that is, the alternative
resources) in the PPM priorities that are used by the system to
plan these alternatives. A priority A mode has the highest
priority; a mode with priority B has the next highest priority (and
so on, until priority O)
Primary resource
the primary resource to be used
Location
the key for the selected location
Activity start
the point in time at which the activity is to start
Break not allowed
that the mode cannot be interrupted by a break
Break without interruption
the maximum duration of a short break during this activity in the

mode
Production within a shift
that the activity must be carried out as part of a shift
You can maintain several modes.
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SAP APO
By double-clicking a mode in the table, you can call up the screen for defining resources.
The resource maintenance table is displayed.
4. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry. By doubleclicking a logical component, you can maintain the alternative components; by doubleclicking a mode, you can maintain the resources.
Use the maintain time-dependent parameters function to maintain this data.
Maintaining Alternative Components
Maintaining Resources
Maintaining Material Consumption
Product Flow
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SAP APO
Maintaining the PPM

Prerequisites
Starting from the PPM plan, you must create a PPM and assign a product to it. This step is
necessary in order for the lot sizes and locations of the output products of the PPM to be displayed
in the Supply Chain Cockpit (SCC). The PPM must be assigned to a model in the SSC.
If a product has already been assigned to the PPM, you can maintain the PPM identifier and the lot
size information with this function.
Procedure
1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Change Single Record screen. Choose the Product plan
assignment pushbutton. A table for maintaining production process models is then
displayed on the screen.
2. Create a PPM in the Production process models field group by maintaining the relevant
data.
Production Process Model
Use to Define...
Production Process Model
the external key of a source supply (for example, of a PPM)
Description
a description of the PPM
Location
the key that uniquely identifies a location; this is the location at

which the output product is manufactured
Procurement priority
the selected source supply for a product. You can specify the
priority of a source supply by entering a freely selectable
number here. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
Source supplies can be PPMs, iPPEs, external procurement
Bucket offset
when a product can be used. If a product is available in the

middle of a period, the Optimizer must know whether the
product can be used at the start or end of this period (that is, at
the start of the next period)
Minimum lot size
the minimum lot size that applies to the PPM
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SAP APO
Maximum lot size
the maximum lot size that applies to the PPM
3. Choose Save.
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SAP APO
Master Data for Production Planning

Definition
Master data that is only used in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS).
Use
Master data specific to PP/DS and its use is summarized in the following table.
Master data specific to PP/DS
Master data
Setup matrix
Use
Modeling sequence-dependent setup times and costs at
single resources
Based on the setup matrix, the system can do the following:
Setup group, setup key
39
Execute a
setup time adjustment automatically
during detailed scheduling for the setup activities
Determine optimal operation sequences based on

setup time or setup costs during optimization
In the case of single resources, to define setup

statuses and setup transitions in the setup matrix
(see above)
In the case of multi-resources, to

operations
SAP APO
synchronize
Setup Matrix
Definition
A matrix that contains, for each possible setup transition at a single resource, the setup duration
and the setup costs that are necessary to change the setup status of the resource to another setup
status.
Use
You can use a setup matrix to model setup times and setup costs for a single resource that are
dependent on sequence. Based on the setup matrix, the system can do the following:
Execute a
setup time adjustment automatically during detailed scheduling for the setup
activities
Determine optimal operation sequences based on setup time or setup costs during
optimization
Determine the production process model for creating a setup and cleaning order during
campaign optimization
Setup time adjustment and setup optimization can only be applied to single
resources that are used exclusively in the
modes of the production process
model as a primary resource.
A setup matrix is only valid for a particular location.
Structure
Setup transition types
A setup status is defined in the setup matrix either by a setup group or by a setup key. The following
types of setup transition are possible:
Standard setup transitions
Here you characterize the preceding setup status as well as the subsequent setup status in
the setup transition using a setup group.
Exceptional setup transitions
Here you characterize at least one of the setup statuses using a setup key.
You can only define an exceptional setup transition as an exception to the standard setup
transition in the setup matrix. The setup groups for this standard setup transition must
contain the setup key for the exceptional setup transition.
Setup groups and setup keys as in the case of the setup matrix are only valid for a particular
location.
Completeness of setup matrix
The setup matrix must contain all setup transitions that can occur at the resource. You do not have
to define each setup transition explicitly. Using an asterisk (*), which you enter in a setup transition
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SAP APO
instead of a setup group, you can define generic setup transitions in the setup matrix. However,
the asterisk (*) only replaces the setup groups that you also use in the setup matrix explicitly to
define setup transitions, and not all setup groups that you defined for the location.
Using the setup groups A, B, C and the setup key a, you have defined the following
setup transitions in the setup matrix: AB, AC, Aa.
Using a setup transition ** in the setup matrix, you include the following setup
transitions: AA, BA, BB, BC, CA, CB, CC. These are the missing combinations for
the setup groups used explicitly in the setup matrix. If you have also defined the
setup groups D, E and F in the location, the setup transitions with these setup
groups are not included when using the generic setup transition **. You have only
explicitly used the setup groups A, B and C in the setup matrix.
By entering a setup transition *a, you are including the following setup transitions:
Ba, Ca. These are the missing transitions for the setup groups used explicitly in the
setup matrix according to setup key a.
Initial setup statuses
It can happen that the setup status of the resource is not defined at the point in time when you
schedule an operation at this resource. This happens, for example, in the
Detailed Scheduling
planning board if you reschedule an operation at the start of the planning period and no operation
has been scheduled in the display period before this. Here, the setup status of the resource is not
defined for the system because no operation has yet been processed on it. In such cases, you can
enter setup transitions in the setup matrix between an initial setup status for the resource and the
possible setup statuses. You define such transitions by not entering a setup group or a setup key for
the preceding setup status.
For performance reasons, it is recommended that you define setup matrices that
are as small as possible, with only a few setup transitions. Therefore, you should do
the following:
Classify the setup transitions using setup groups and setup keys only to a degree of detail
that is necessary
Use as few exceptional setup transitions as possible
Transfer of Setup Keys, Setup Groups, and Setup Matrices

Using the following report, you can transfer these objects from one APO system to an other APO
system:
Report
Transfer from
/SAPAPO/SETUP_GROUP_COPY
Setup groups and setup keys
/SAPAPO/SETUP_MATRIX_COPY
Setup matrices
A prerequisite for a successful transfer is that the locations for which these objects were created are
available in the target system. This is also valid for the plan numbers which you can specify in the
setup matrices for campaigns. These plan numbers must also exist in the target system. You define
the target system by specifying the RFC destination of the system.
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Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (APO-PPS)

Represents a characteristic of an operation or a resource that the system should consider when
scheduling and rescheduling operations at resources. Setup groups have the following uses:
For single resources when adjusting the setup time and for setup optimization
Setup groups are used for scheduling operations at a single resource in order to model setup costs
and setup times that are dependent on the sequence of the operations at the resource. The setup
status, which is necessary for processing an operation at a resource, is defined in the operation by
a setup group. The setup duration and setup costs for each possible setup transition at the
resource, that is, for each change between two setup statuses, are stored in a setup matrix that is
assigned to the resource. Based on this setup matrix, the system determines during scheduling or
during setup optimization, the duration of the setup activities or optimal sequence of operations at
the resource in terms of the setup time or setup costs.
To classify the setup statuses within a setup group in a differentiated way, you can define setup
keys for the setup group. Exceptional setup statuses can be defined in the setup matrix with setup
keys.
For multi resources when synchronizing activities
Setup groups are used when scheduling activities at a multi resource in order to synchronize
activities with the same duration and with a further common characteristic, that is, in order to
schedule either simultaneously or without overlaps at the resource. The characteristic is
represented by a setup group that is assigned to the operation in the production process model.
For example, when synchronizing is carried out, tempering activities that have the same duration
and that have to be executed at the same temperature can be scheduled simultaneously at an
oven. In this case, a setup group represents a particular temperature.
Note: Synchorization and setup time adjustment/setup time optimization can only be used for
resources that are only used as primary resources in the modes of the production process model.
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Transportation Lane Maintenance

Use
Use this function to create and maintain the transportation lanes in your supply chain model. In
APO, the transportation lane represents a business relationship between locations. Together, the
lanes and locations comprise the supply chain network.
This maintenance function allows you to:
define product procurement parameters such as lot sizes, cost functions, unit purchase
costs and priorities for each lane
define transportation methods for each lane and the related parameters such as
transportation costs, distances, duration
assign product-specific transportation methods
assign carriers to lanes
Arrows on the lanes indicate the direction of traffic between source and target locations. You can
view and maintain lane relevant data through a pull-down context menu either in the tree or on the
map. For example, you can display a list of all products assigned to a particular lane, or you can
change the transportation method for a certain product within a specific time period.
Integration
Transportation lanes are part of master data. Lanes are an integral part of the supply chain model
and usually remain unchanged over an extended period of time. Transportation lane maintenance is
especially relevant for:
Supply chain modelling
Network Design
Supply Network Planning
Production Planning
TP/VS
Prerequisites
Maintain product and location master data

Maintain planner (APO IMG Supply Chain Planning Specify person responsible )
Maintain transportation calendar (APO IMG Master Data Calendar Maintain
planning calendar (time stream)
Features
This function allows you to maintain lanes individually or in groups. Mass maintenance of
transportation lanes facilitates the generation and maintenance of large quantities of supply chain
transportation data. The following activities are possible for mass maintenance:
Simultaneous generation of multiple lanes
Multiple product assignment to a lane
43
Multiple product quota arrangements for a location
SAP APO
Procedures
Transportation lane maintenance consists of the following procedures:
Creating transportation lanes
Defining product procurement
Defining transportation methods
Assigning products to transportation methods
Assigning external carriers
Creating multiple lanes
See also :
Transportation Lane Maintenance Screen
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SAP APO

Use
In this screen you can:
define product procurement for a transportation lane

define transportation methods for a transportation lane
define product-specific assignment of transportation methods
assign carriers to a transportation method
launch a query to view all assignments valid for a specific lane
Structure
The Transportation lane maintenance screen consists of a header control and several tables, plus
an optional detail view for maintenance.

Header controls
Tables
45
Header data
Product-specific transportation methods
External carrier assignment
Lane overview
Transportation lane maintenance consists of 4 parts. The details are

displayed in the tables that appear in this screen. Each table has its
SAP APO
own controls with standard functionality. The tables include:

product procurement
transportation methods
product-specific
assignment
transportation
methods
OR
external
carrier
To save space, these two tables replace each other. You can
toggle back and forth between them using the header icons.
lane overview (appears only when icon is activated)
Detail view
You can open the detail view of a table in the following ways:
click on the Create icon in the table control header
double click on a selected row in the table
select a row and click on the Detail icon in the table control
header
Close the detail view using one of the icons at the top of the screen:
close screen (without copying data)
copy data (copy data into the maintenance table on the left)
46
copy and close (copy data into the maintenance table on the
left and close the parameter maintenance screen)
SAP APO
Creating Transportation Lanes

Use
A transportation lane represents a direct route between two locations that can be used to source
and transport products between them. Each lane is defined by its source and target locations,
depending on the direction of traffic, and is assigned products to be transported along the route.
Each lane is also assigned available transportation methods.
Prerequisites
Create and assign locations to model.
Procedure
To create a lane directly on the map in the Supply Chain Engineer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Access your supply chain model in Change mode via the SAP Easy Access menu.
From the map menu bar, select the Transportation Lane toggle.
Select the source location on the map.
Position mouse on source location, click left mouse button, hold and go to target location.
Release
mouse.
Result: The screen Create transportation lanes appears.
5. Click on the Header Data button. The detail view appears on the right. The General data
section is populated with the names of the source and target locations.
6. Enter a description and transportation planner (optional).
7. Maintain the procurement options and transportation methods for the lane as described in
the topic Transportation Lane Maintenance.
To create a lane as a stand-alone transaction:

1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Master Data Transportation Lanes.
2. Enter the model name.
3. Enter the source and target locations.
4. Choose the Create button.
5. Continue as described in steps 5 and 6 above.
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Maintenance of PP/DS Settings

Use
You can change and save the following settings for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling
(PP/DS) for each user at any time before or during interactive planning:
Propagation range
The propagation range allows you to specify the resources and products for which changes
can be made in planning either interactively or in the production planning run.
o The resources of the propagation range are relevant for resource-related planning.
You can only change planning for resources of the propagation range. This means,
for example, you can only schedule or reschedule operations at these resources.
o The products of the propagation range are relevant for product-related planning.
You can only make changes in planning for products of the propagation range. This
means, for example, you can only create orders for these products.
If you create an order for a product that is in the propagation range but which
contains components that are not in the propagation range, the system does not
create any orders for these components. Instead, it writes a planning file entry for
them.
If you do not interactively set a propagation range, the system uses the propagation range
you have defined in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under Maintain Global
Parameters and Defaults.
48
The propagation range is not relevant for the following processes:

Transfer of orders to PP/DS from an OLTP system or from Supply Network Planning
Capable-To-Promise (CTP)
Strategy profile
You use the strategy profile to control how orders are scheduled or rescheduled. In the
strategy profile you can define, for example, whether forward or backward scheduling is to
be used and whether you want to schedule finitely or infinitely. For more information, see
Detailed Scheduling and Detailed Scheduling Strategy.
If you do not interactively set a strategy profile on the planning screen, the system uses the
strategy profile that you have entered in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under
Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults.
Alert profile
You use the alert profile to specify the problems and non-typical situations in planning for
which alerts are to be displayed in the Alert Monitor. For more information, see Display of
Alerts.
Time zone
You can define the time zone that is to be used for time entries.
Layout
SAP APO
You can make settings for the presentation of and navigation between planning data in the
product view and in the order processing view.
49
You make the basic Customizing settings for PP/DS in Customizing for Supply Chain
Planning under Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults and in Customizing for
Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. For more information, see the
Implementation Guides (IMG) for Supply Chain Planning and Production Planning and
Detailed Scheduling.
You can create and change propagation ranges and strategy profiles in both Customizing
for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling and from the SAP Easy Access menu by
choosing Supply Chain Planning Production Planning Environment Current
Settings.
SAP APO
Interactive Planning
Purpose
You use interactive planning for products that are to be planned manually. Since the system does
not create any receipt elements to cover these products, you must create the receipt elements
interactively. You also use interactive planning to improve the results of automatic planning and to
deal with any problems that may have arisen. You can manually change dates and quantities of
orders in various PP/DS views. You can use the DS planning board to perform interactive sequence
planning for the operations and orders.
Prerequisites
You have maintained all necessary master data and PP/DS settings.
Process Flow
1. To review the results of automatic planning, access one of the following views:
o
o
o
o
o
Product view
Order processing view
Receipts view
Requirements view
Product planning table
2. Check the planning results for any problems regarding order dates and quantities. They will
appear on the planning screen or in the Alert Monitor. For more information, see Display of
Alerts.
3. If a product has a red alert icon regarding its quantity, there is a product shortage. This
occurs with products that are planned manually. You solve this problem by creating an
appropriate receipt to cover the requirement.
4. If a product has a red alert icon regarding its date, there is a due-date violation, which
means that the date of the receipt is after the requirements date or that no receipt exists at
all. In this case, you either create a receipt to cover the requirement or you can change the
date of an existing receipt.
5. After you have manually created or changed orders, choose Product Heuristic in order to
trigger planning for the product. The heuristic that is defined for the product in the product
master is executed. If you do not wish the order to be changed, you can manually firm the
order. You can also fix pegging relationships so that the assignment of a receipt element to
a requirement element is not changed during planning.
6. To have a detailed view of an order and the resources within it, access the DS planning
board. Here you can reschedule orders and operations, and check the capacity of
resources. For more information, see Scheduling with the DS Planning Board.
7. After interactive planning, you can optimize the resource schedule.
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SAP APO
Production Planning Run

Use
You use the production planning run to execute planning for a very large number of objects online
or in the background. You can define which objects are to be planned with which heuristics or
functions.
The objects must be compatible with the selected heuristic or planning function, for example, you
can use production planning heuristics for products. You therefore use different heuristics or
functions to address different types of problems. Functions such as optimization or scheduling
functions can also be selected and executed during the production planning run. You may execute
several heuristics or functions one after another.
You use the production planning run in net change planning to plan those products you have
defined in the product master as being planned automatically in the planning run. You can also use
the production planning run to plan products defined as being planned manually, as well use a
heuristic to reschedule products that have been defined as being planned automatically and
immediately. An example of this may be that you first plan automatically and immediately so that an
availability check is performed, and then reschedule the products using a heuristic for periodic lotsizing.
Prerequisites
In Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling, you have defined the profiles with
which the planning area and the settings for the scheduling functions are defined. The following
profiles are required for the production planning run:
Profiles for the Production Planning Run
Profile
Description
Time profile
You use the time profile to specify the time period for which planning is
to be executed. Only the orders or operations that lie within this
planning period can be rescheduled.
Propagation range
You use the propagation range to specify which resources and products
can be changed. You can only change the schedule for resources and
products that lie within the propagation range.
Strategy profile
You use the strategy profile to specify the detailed scheduling strategies
for scheduling and rescheduling operations and orders.
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SAP APO
Optimization profile
You use an optimization profile to define settings for optimization.
Features
You can define several successive processing steps for the production planning run in which the
system executes various heuristics or functions for the defined objects. For each processing step,
you specify:
The heuristic or function to be executed in this step

The profile to be used for the heuristic or function. If you select the optimization function,
you must enter an optimization profile.
The objects at which the heuristics or functions are to be executed
Production planning has two forms: functions and heuristics. For scheduling and optimization you
use functions. You cannot change functions. Heuristics, on the other hand, can be maintained in
Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. You can also program your own
algorithms and apply them as heuristics during the production planning run. SAP delivers some
standard heuristics and standard functions. These are described briefly below.
Standard Heuristics for the Production Planning Run
Production planning
These heuristics are mainly lot-sizing procedures, whose planning focus is on products.
Examples of these heuristics include periodic lot-sizing and order quantity optimizing. Two
important heuristics are Product planning and Production planning run using low-level code.
These heuristics execute the heuristic that is defined for each product in the product
master. For more information, see Automatic Planning in the Planning Run.
Detailed scheduling
These heuristics are for scheduling or rescheduling and their planning focus is on resources
and operations. Examples of these heuristics include Reduce runtime and Remove
backlog.
Repetitive manufacturing
These heuristics generate planned orders for requirements taking into account the resource
capacity for all periods. The planning focus is on resources, line networks and products.
Model Mix Planning
This heuristic optimizes the sequence of configurable products while taking any restrictions
into account. The planning focus is on resources and line networks.
Standard Functions for the Production Planning Run

Along with the heuristics, you can use the following scheduling functions in the production planning
run.
Scheduling Functions
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SAP APO
Function
Objects
Deallocate
Operations
Orders
Resources
Operations
Orders
Resources
Orders
Operations
Orders
Operations
Reschedule
Fix objects
Undo
fix
objects
on
Optimization
Transfer objects
to the customer
exit APOCDPS0
Resources
Operations
Orders
Resources
Products
Settings
Description
You use this function if you want to
remove operations or orders from
the schedule.
Strategy profile
You can use this function to:

Schedule operations or
orders that were deallocated
Reschedule operations or
orders that are affected by
scheduling problems
You use this function to fix

operations and orders. This ensures
that the system cannot reschedule
these operations or orders in a
subsequent processing step.
You use this function to undo the
fixing of objects. The system can
then reschedule these operations or
orders in a subsequent processing
step.
Optimization
profile
You use this function to optimize the

schedule.
You use this function to transfer
objects to the customer exit
APOCDPS0.
Activities
You call up the production planning run from the SAP Easy Access Menu by choosing Production
Planning Automated Production Planning and Optimization Production Planning Run.
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SAP APO
Detailed Scheduling
Use
Detailed scheduling is used to:
Determine the resources and dates for processing operations, taking resource and product
availability into consideration.
Support the scheduler when scheduling resources, that is, when creating an optimal
processing sequence for operations
The basic detailed scheduling activities are

Scheduling, that is, dispatching operations to resources at a specific time
Rescheduling, that is, dispatching already scheduled operations to a different time or to
different resources
Deallocating, that is, removing scheduled operations from the resource schedule
Prerequisites
The system can trigger detailed scheduling activities automatically, for example, the system
automatically schedules the order operations when creating an order. You can also start detailed
scheduling activities in the
production planning run or in the
detailed scheduling planning
board specifically for
selected operations or orders. Here, the system automatically carries out
detailed scheduling activities for affected
dependent objects, if necessary. For more information,
see detailed scheduling activities.
Features
Controlling Detailed Scheduling
Alongside the
desired scheduling date, the basis of detailed scheduling for an order, are the
capacity requirements of the activities. You control which constraints, rules, and parameters the
system must consider during scheduling using the settings and data in the following objects:
Resource
Production process model (PPM) or iPPE plan
Strategy profile
Dates and Planning Directions
The starting point for scheduling or rescheduling is the
desired start or end date of the orders or
operations. If, for example, you create an order, the availability date of the main order product
defines the desired end date. If you reschedule an operation in the detailed scheduling planning
board using Drag&Drop for example, the desired date is the date on which you "let go" of the
operation.
Starting from the desired date, the system searches for a scheduling date in the set
planning
direction for the last activity (planning direction backwards) or for the first activity (planning direction
forwards) of an operation or an order. If the first activity is scheduled, it is then the turn of the next
activity in the sequence, and so on until all activities of the operation or order are scheduled or
rescheduled. The system cannot
schedule or reschedule an activity before or after the
application dependent earliest possible or latest possible date.
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SAP APO
Resource Availability
The dates on which an activity can be scheduled or rescheduled on a resource depends on the
capacity requirement of the activity and on the working times and capacity of the resource. In
general, you can only process activities during the working times of a resource, and you can
therefore only schedule these activities in regular working times. In working times you can
schedule activities finitely or infinitely, that is, with or without consideration of the resource capacity
and the existing resource load. If necessary, you can also
schedule activities during non-working
times, for example, breaks. Scheduling during downtime caused for example by a machine
breakdown or by maintenance is not possible. In order to schedule activities that are longer than
related working times, it must be possible to interrupt them with non-working times.
Selection of Resources
You can enter several alternative sets of resources (
modes) at which the activity can be
processed, in the PPM for the activity. The
mode selection can be automatic or
manual, as in
the detailed scheduling planning board.
Time Relationships
Time relationships that control which minimum and maximum time intervals activities can have can
exist between activities. The system always considers the obligatory end-start relationships
between activities for an operation. For example, when you have entered a minimum interval of one
hour between two activities in an operation, the system cannot schedule or reschedule these
activities in such a way that the time interval is less than one hour. You define in the detailed
scheduling strategy if the system should
consider time relationships between activities from
different operations when scheduling.
Pegging Relationships
Pegging relationships can exist between the activities of different orders. An activity therefore
produces a material that then undergoes further processing by an activity of another order. The
pegging relationship requires with a certain time tolerance that the material be available at the
right time, that is, that the supplying activity is scheduled at the appropriate time. You define in the
detailed scheduling strategy if the system should
consider pegging relationships during
scheduling.
Automatic Propagation of Changes
When you schedule or reschedule an operation or an order, other operations and orders are
affected, for example, due to time relationships or pegging relationships. In order that the schedule
remains consistent, subsequent rescheduling is often required. This is performed automatically by
the system. For more information, see
scheduling dependent objects.
Adjusting Setup Time
The duration of the setup activity for an operation may depend on the setup status of the resource
at the time of scheduling; that is, it depends on which operation was processed prior to this at the
resource. For set-up activities on single resources, the system can automatically
adjust the setup
time during detailed scheduling.
Synchronizing Activities on Multi-Resources
Several activities can be processed simultaneously on a multi-resource. How many can be
processed depends on the
resource consumption of the activities and on the capacity of the
multi-resource. The system can
synchronize the start times of the activities during detailed
scheduling if the duration of the activities and one further characteristic of the activities match.
Block Planning
In
block planning you can define blocks for resources, that is, time periods that are reserved for
production of products with particular characteristics. The system automatically considers this
55
SAP APO
during detailed scheduling and only schedules or reschedules activities into the blocks with the
corresponding characteristics.
Scheduling Log
The system collects messages that it generates in interactive scheduling or in the production
planning run in the scheduling log. You can call up the scheduling log
In the detailed scheduling planning board under Extras
In the Production Planning area menu under Reporting Planning Run Reporting
Terminating Scheduling
In complex scheduling situations in which many constraints and dependencies must be considered,
the duration of scheduling can be very long. The system is set internally to terminate scheduling
after 10 minutes. You can set another
maximum scheduling duration. in the detailed scheduling
strategy.
Alerts
In the case of scheduling problems, for example,
resource overload, the system can create alerts
that are displayed in the
Alert Monitor. You must use a corresponding
PP/DS alert profile for
this purpose.
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SAP APO
Definition
A record of settings that control the
Planning and Detailed Scheduling.
detailed scheduling of operations and orders in Production
Use
Using the detailed scheduling strategy, you specify which rules and constraints the system uses to
determine dates and resources for orders and operations, and which scheduling constraints (for
example, product and resource availability) it considers when doing this.
Additional operations may be affected by the scheduling or rescheduling of
an operation that you
have selected specifically for scheduling. In order that the schedule remains consistent, the system
must also
schedule or adjust these operations accordingly. Scheduling or rescheduling of an
operation can therefore trigger a chain reaction of detailed scheduling activities for the objects
concerned.
You reschedule an urgent operation to another date, on which the resource is

already occupied.
If you have defined an insert

scheduling mode in the detailed scheduling strategy, the
system must move the operations on the resource to create a slot for this operation
(scheduling mode
insert operation), and to close the newly created gaps (scheduling
mode inserting an operation and closing gaps).
If you have defined in the detailed scheduling strategy that the system must retain
time
relationships or
pegging relationships to the
dependent operations when rescheduling
the operations and the neighboring operations, the system must then reschedule the
dependent operations so that these relationships are not violated.
Structure
You can use strategy settings to control both the scheduling of the selected operations, and the
subsequent rescheduling of the affected operations. You can divide the strategy settings into the
following groups accordingly:
Settings for Selected Operations
Settings for Dependent Operations
General Settings
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SAP APO

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SAP APO

PP/DS Production Planning and

Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS)

Reduce lead times

Set up master data

Transfer the master data from

The OLTP System provides

Set up the Supply Chain Model

Use the Supply Chain Engineer

In the SCE, you assign the

Make the unconstrained

Release the demand plan to

Requirements that fall within

Transfer the planning results of

Convert the orders that lie in

You can also to convert specific

Perform an ATP check using

Create a sales order in the

If the result of the ATP check is

Access the Alert Monitor

You can define which types of

Perform execution of orders

Use the connected OLTP

For example, confirmation,

Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario

The operations are brought into the correct sequence.

Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders

PP/DS: Change planning active

SNP: Change planning active

You have assigned the PP/DS PPM to the SNP PPM.

Is to plan all components

Converting SNP orders

Converting all SNP

From the Production Planning menu area, choose Environment

1. You maintain the master data.

To cover the requirements of automatically planned products, the system performs

5. You perform background planning:

To plan less important or less problematic products, or to solve specific planning

To plan manually planned products

To do this you use, for example:

For more information, see:

Global ATP Check

Maintenance of Master Data

Creating Planning Versions

Maintaining Location Master Data

Maintaining Location-Dependent Product Master Data

Lot size profile

Single Activity or Multi-Activity Resource

Detailed working and break times

Rate of resource utilization

Maintaining the PPM Plan

User Interface in the Production Process Model (PPM)

Subareas: setup activities, PI information, characteristics

Maintaining components and sessions:

Maintaining alternative components:

Subareas: Prevention of product explosion, validity, material consumption

the description of the operation

the setup status of the resource that is necessary to process the

the key for a location assigned to the operation

Operation split quantity

the static split quantity

which objects in the work plan / recipe in R/3 represent the

a number generated by the system, which is assigned to

the number of the activity