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AdvancedLEDtemperatureindicatorElectronicsProject

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Advanced LED temperature indicator

Aug,05,2012
ElectronicsProjectAdmin
Digital
5Comments.

ThisprojectillustratestheuseofaV/FconverterinmonitoringtemperatureindegreesFahrenheit(0F).The
blockdiagramofthetemperatureindicatorisshowninFigure11.Theindicatoriscomposedofatemperature
sensor,amplifier,V/Fconverter,threedigitbinarycodeddecimal(BCD)counter,timebase,andLEDdisplayIn
additiontothe9400V/Fconverter,otherICsneededforthisprojectincludetheLM334temperaturesensor,
LF353dualopamp,NE555timers,74LS00NANDgate,MC14553threedigitBCDcounter.MC14543BCDto
sevensegmentdecoder/driver/latchandthreesevensegment(commonanodeorcommoncathode)LED
displayswiththreePNPswitchingtransistors.

Working of the system

Figure12showstheschematicdiagram,whichisdesignedtodisplaytemperaturesfrom0to100F.Operation
ofthecircuitisasfollows.Theoutputofthetemperaturesensorchangeslinearlyasafunctionoftemperature
(10mV/K).Thisoutputisaninputtothesummingamplifier,whichisusedtocalibratetheoutputofthe
temperaturesensorforadesiredtemperaturetype(K,0C,or0F)andanintendedrange.Thatis,todisplaythe
temperatureineitherK,C,or0F,potentiometerR4isadjustedaccordinglysothatasuitablevoltageappearsat
theoutputofthesummingamplifier.Sincetheoutputofthetemperaturesensorisdirectlyproportionalto
temperaturechanges,R4needstobeadjustedatonlyonetemperature.Theoutputofthesummingamplifier
thendrivestheinvertingamplifier.Thepurposeoftheinvertingamplifieristwofold:(1)toinverttheinputsothat
itsoutputvoltageispositive,whichisnecessaryfortheV/Fconverter,and(2)toprovideasuitablegain,which
dependsonthevoltagetofrequencyscalingusedfortheV/Fconverter.
TheoutputoftheinvertingamplifieristheinputtotheV/Fconvertertherefore,theoutputfrequencyofthe
converterisdirectlyproportionaltheoutputvoltageoftheinvertingamplifier.Forexample,asthetemperature
goesuptheoutputvoltageofthesummingamplifierincreasesinthenegativedirection,Whereasthatofthe
invertingamplifierincreasesinthepositivedirection,whichinturncausesthefrequencyoftheV/Ftoincreasein
thepositivedirection.
TheoutputfrequencyoftheconverteristhenANDedwiththegatingsignaltoproducetheclocksignalforthe
threedigitBCDcounter.TheBCDoutputofthecounterdrivesthethreeLEDdisplayssequentiallyviatheBCD
tosevensegmentdecoder/latch/driverstage,andthetemperatureisdisplayedontheLEDs,dependingonthe
relationshipbetweenthefrequencyoftheV/Fconverterandthegatesignal.Thegate,latch,andresetsignals
aregeneratedbythetimebasecircuit,whichconsistsofafreerunningmultivibratorandtwooneshot
multivibrators.

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PARTS LISTS
Resistors(allwatt,5%Carbon)
R1=1kpotentiometerat230
R2,R7,R12,R13,R21=10k
R3,R5,R6,R11=100k
R4=10kpotentiometer
R8=1Mpotentiometer
R9=180k
R10,R15=50kpotentiometer
R14=510k
R16=3kpotentiometer
R17=15k
R18=20k
R19=10kpotentiometer
R20=1kpotentiometer
R22R28=220
R29R31=1k
Capacitors

C1=1000pF
C2=100pF
C3,C6,C9=1F
C4,C5,C7,C8,C10=0.01F
C11=0.001F
Semiconductors

IC1=LM334temperaturesensor
IC2=LF353dualopamp
IC3=Teledyne9400V/Fconvertor
IC4=74LS00NANDgate
IC5,IC6,IC7=NE/SE555timers
IC8=MC14553threedigitBCDcounter
IC9=MC14543BCDtosevensegmentdecoder/driver/latch
Q1,Q2,Q3=2N1305switchingtransistors
D1,D2=1N914signaldiodes
ThreesevensegmentcommonanodeLEDs:MAN72Aorequivalent

Circuit Description

Nextletusexaminethedesignconsiderationsandproceduresforeachofthesectionsinthetemperature
indicatorofFigurel2.ThetemperaturesensorLM334isathreeterminaladjustablecurrentsourcewhose
currentcanbeprogrammedfrom1to10mAwithoneexternalresistorR1.Thethreeterminalsarelabeled+V,
R,andV.ThepindiagramoftheLM334isshownseparatelyinFigure13.

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TheLM334hasawideoperatingvoltagerangeof1to40V.Itcanalsowithstandreversevoltageofupto20
V(terminal+VisnegativewithrespecttoV).Itisdesignedtooperateoveratemperaturerangeof0to70C.
Forawidertemperaturerange,suchas550to150C,IntersilsAD590temperaturesensorisrecommended.
ForthevaluesindicatedinFigure12,theoutputoftheLM334changes10mV/K.Thismeansthatat00F=
255.22Ktheoutputofthesensorwillbe2552.2mV,whichmustbescaleddownto0Vsothatthetemperature
displayedwillbeindegreesFahrenheit.Thisisaccomplishedbytheuseofthesummingamplifier.Specifically,
potentiometerR4ofthesummingamplifierisadjustedsothattheoutputis0V.Thesameprocedureisusedto
calibratetheoutputofthesummingamplifieratanyothervalueof0F.Table11showstherelationshipbetween
K,C,0F,andtheoutputofthetemperaturesensorandthesummingamplifieratcorrespondingvaluesof
temperature.Becausetheoutputofthesensordirectlyproportionaltothetemperature,theoutputofthe
summingamplifierneedstobecalibratedatthetemperatureatwhichthecircuitisinitiallystartedup(referto
Table11).
Table11RELATIONSHIPBETWEENDIFFERENTTEMPERATUREUNITSANDOUTPUTSOFTHESENSOR
ANDSUMMINGAMPLIFIER
Kelvin(K)

Degrees

Degrees

Outputofthe

Outputofthe

Celsius

Fahrenheit

temperature

summing

sensor(mV)

amplifier(mV)
tobeadjusted
to

255.22

17.78

2552.2

273

32

2730

177.8

298

25

77

2980

427.8

310.78

37.78

100

3107.8

555.6

Notethattheoutputofthesummingamplifierisanegativedcvoltagesincethenetinputvoltageisalways
positivefortemperatures>00(seeTable11).However,the9400V/Frequiresapositiveinputvoltage.The
summingamplifiermustbethereforebefollowedbyaninvertingamplifier.Thegainoftheinvertingamplifier,
however,dependsonthevoltagetofrequencyscalingoftheconvertor.TheV/Fconvertoroffigure12is
calibratedforthemaximumfrequencyof50KHz,whichrepresentsatemperatureof1000Fwhentheinput
voltageis10Vmaximum.Sincetheoutputofthesummingamplifieris555.6mVat1000F,thegainofthe
invertingamplifiermustbeequalto
10V/555.6mV=17.9985

TheoutputfrequencyoftheV/FconverteristhenANDedwiththeoutputfrequency(calledthegatesignal)ofthe
555freerunningmultivibratortoproducetheclocksignalforthethreedigitBCDcounter.Sincethemaximum
50kHzoutputfrequencyoftheconverterrepresents1000F,thethreedigitBCDcountermustbeclocked100
timestodisplayI00F.Toaccomplishthis,thepulsewidthofthefreerunningmultivibratormustbe100/50K=2
mssothat100pulseswillbeproducedin2ms.Attheendof2ms,thecountofthecounterislatchedand
displayedontheLEDdisplay.AfterthecountisdisplayedasatemperatureontheLEDs,theBCDcounteris
resetandthecyclerepeats.Inotherwords,thecountercontinuouslycyclesthroughthreestates:count,latch,
andreset.Therefore,thefreerunningmultivibrator(gatesignal)mustprovideforthetimeperiodrequiredto
count,latch,andresettheBCDcounter.ThelatchenableandmasterresetpulsesfortheBCDcounterMCl4553
areproducedbyusingtwo555oneshotmultivibrators.Wherethetimeperiodofthefreerunningmultivibratoris
approximately12.5mswithapulsewidthof2ms.Thepulsewidthofthelatchenablepulseisapproximately10
ms,andthemasterresetpulsewidthisapproximately0.5ms.Toaccomplish2,10,and0.5mspulsewidths,

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ms,andthemasterresetpulsewidthisapproximately0.5ms.Toaccomplish2,10,and0.5mspulsewidths,
adjustpotentiometersR16,R18,andR20,respectively(Figurel2).

ThethreedigitBCDcounterusedinFigure12istheMC14553.TheMCl4553consistsofthreenegativeedge
triggeredBCDcounterswithaquadlatchattheoutputofeachcounter,whichenablesthestorageofanygiven
count.TheoutputsofthelatchesaretimemultiplexedsothatoneBCDdigitatatimeisproduced.Theoperation
ofthemultiplexeroutputselectoriscontrolledbytheonchiposcillator,whosefrequencydependsontheexternal
capacitor.
AsshowninFigure12,themasterreset(MR)andlatchenable(LE)pulsesfortheMC14553areproducedby
usingtwo555oneshotmultivibrators.Inaddition,theclocksignalfortheMC14553isproducedbyANDingthe
outputoftheV/Fconverterwiththegatingsignal,whichisobtainedbyusingthe555freerunningmultivibrator.

Thedigitselectoutputs
DS1,DS2,andDS3sequentiallydrivethe2N1305PNPtransistorsT1,T2,andT3,

whichinturncontrolthethreeLEDdisplays.TheBCDoutputsoftheMCl4553areconnectedtotheBCDinputs
oftheMCl4543,whichisaBCDtosevensegmentlatch/decoder/driver.Thesevensegmentoutputsofthe
MCl4543thendrivethesevensegmentsoftheLEDselectedbythedigitselectoftheMC14553.
TheMCl4543isdesignedtoprovidethreefunctions:a4bitstoragelatch,an8421BCDtosevensegment
decoder,andadriver.ThedeviceiscapableofdrivingLCDandLEDdisplays.
ThePHpin6oftheMC14543isconnectedtoVDD(logic1)becausetheLEDdisplaysarethecommonanode
type.TolimitthecurrentthrougheachoftheLEDsegments,aseparateresistorisusedinserieswitheach
segment.Note,however,thatonlysevenresistorarerequiredforallthesegmentofLEDs.Thisispossible
becausethedigitselectoutputoftheMC14553functionsequentially.Inaddition,theBCDoutputarealso
multiplexed,oneBCDdigitatatime.
Finally,sincetheaccuracyofthetemperaturedisplayeddependsmainlyonthefrequencystabilityofthefree
runningmultivibrator,allresistorsmustbeof5%orbettertolerance,andcapacitormustbeeitherMylarof
tantalumtypes.
Alsorememberthatthetemperatureindicatormustbecalibratedatatemperatureatwhichitisinitiallyturnedon.

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5 thoughts on Advanced LED temperature indicator

1.

rihannagigsays:
January11,2013at7:47am

Simplywanttosayyourarticleisassurprising.Theclarityinyoursubmitissimplyspectacularandthaticould
thinkyouareanexpertonthissubject.WellwithyourpermissionletmetograbyourRSSfeedtostayuptodate
withcomingnearnearpost.Thankyouonemillionandpleasecontinuetheenjoyablework.
Reply

2.

Anujsays:
July26,2014at11:22am

Thisisveryusefulinformationsharedhere.Iamreallythankfulforthis.
Reply

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3.

AdvancedLEDtemperatureindicatorElectronicsProject
k.jaisankarsays:
August4,2014at1:34pm

iamdoingfinalyearinelectricalenggineering,iknowtheoverallcostofAdvancedLEDtemperatureindicator.
ifuknowthatkindlysendthecostofthisproject.
ThankingYou.
Reply

4.

BurhanMirzasays:
December14,2014at11:32pm

Theexplanationofthiscircuitisverygood.Ieasilyunderstandthecircuit.Keepyourworkhigh.Thanks!
Reply

5.

Susannesays:
March19,2015at2:22pm

Hello.
Thisisagreatproject

Iwaswondering,doyouhavethecircuitwithaLCDdisplayconnected?
Imnotsurehowtoconnectit.
Bestregards
Susanne.
Reply

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