Secured UART Communication

Between Microcontrollers
Enrolment No.: 14317152
Name of Student: Sanjay Sahai
Supervisor: Mr. Ritesh Kumar

Dec 2015
Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Technology
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
NOIDA
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Certificate
This is to certify that the work titled Serial Communication BetweenMicrocontrollers,
submitted by Sanjay Sahai in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Master of
Technology (Microelectronics systems & Embedded Technology) of Jaypee Institute of
Information Technology, Noida has been carried out under my(Mr. Ritesh Sharma) supervision.
This work has not been submitted partially or wholly to any other University or
Institute for award of this or any other degree.

Signature of Supervisor:
Name of Supervisor:
Designation:
Date:

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Acknowledgement
I owe most of the project to my advisor Mr. Ritesh Sharma who has conceived the project and
guided me at every step. It was a great privilege working with him. Aided with his guidance, I
could complete the project without much trouble and it was really smooth ride. I take this
opportunity to express my profound gratitude to him
I would also like to thank Mr. Gaurav Verma and all the faculty members of ECE Dept. who
through their courses helped me learn many things.
Last but not the least, my special thanks goes to my loving parents for their love and support. My
deepest gratitude goes to them for their eternal love, for always believing in me, for their
wisdom, and for helping me face tough challenges in life.

Signature of Student:
Name of Student:
Date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topics

Page No

1.UART Communication
1.1)Serial and Parallel Communication

1.2)Modes of Communication

1.3)Data Transfer Rate

1.4)

UART

1.5)

RS232 Standard

1.6)MAX232 IC

2)Literature Survey

2.UART Serial Communiaction between microcontrollers using Atmega8

2.1)Atmega8 Features & Pin Configuration

2.2)Serial Communication in ATmega8

2.2.1)

Pins Used for Communication

2.2.2)Serial USART Element

2.2.3)USART Initialization
2.3)

USART Register Description

10

3.ZIGBEE
3.1)Origin of Name of Zigbee

16

3.2)

16

Charcteristcs
4

3.3)

Architechture

17

3.3.1)Physical Layer

17

3.3.2)MAC Layer

18

3.3.3)Network Layer

19

3.3.4)Application Layer

21

3.4)Comparison between Wireless Technologies

23

3.5)Application

23

3.6)

24

Why Zigbee needed?

4.IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT

4.1)

Components used

25

4.2)

Working

25

4.2.1)Block Diagram

25

4.2.2)

26

Working Principle

4.3)Proteus Simulation

27

4.4)Zigbee Interfacing

28

Results and Conclusion

28

Future Work

28

Refrences

29

Appendix A

30

Appendix B

32

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1.1)Serial Transfer vs Parallel Transfer

Fig1.2)Modes of Communication

Fig 1.3)RS232 DB9 Standard

Fig 1.4)RS232 DB25 Standard

Fig 1.5) MAX232

Fig 2.1)Atmega8 Pin Configuration

Fig 2.2)Example for USART Initialization

Fig 2.3)Register forUDR

Fig 2.4) Register for UCSRA & UCSRB

11

Fig 2.5)Register for UCSRC

12

Fig 2.6)Register for UBRRL & UBRRH

14

Fig 3.1)Zigbee Architecture

17

Fig 3.2)PHY Packet Field

18

Fig 3.3)Zigbee Topologies

19

Fig 3.4)Beacon and Non Beacon Modes

21

Fig 4.1) Snapshot of Proteus Design

27

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1)DB9 Pin description

Table 1.2)DB25 Pin Description

Table 2.1)Baud Rate Calculation Formula

Table 2.2)Bit 5 & 4 UCSRC

13

Table 2.3)Bit 3 of UCSRC

13

Table 2.4)Bit 2:1 of UCSRC

13

Table 2.5)Bit 0 of UCSRC

14

Table 3.1) Comparison Between various Wireless Technology

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SUMMARY
Universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter refer to as UART. It is a communication
protocol which will make conversion from the parallel stream of data to serial stream of data
over a communication link. This protocol reveals that communication will occur at predefined
frequency. The devices on the communication link will generate its own frequencies
independently. Any new events may occur asynchronously with the local clock. This needs that
an input data stream has to be sampled even though the devices on link has slight difference in
the frequency from the predefined frequency. Sampling can be achieved by having local clock.
Signal which is having frequency greater than the channel sampling rate. UART is a
communication protocol usually used for the communication with slow peripherals. This design
includes that full duplex asynchronous Serial communication system used mostly to realize
general serial bus protocols like RS485. RS 232 and RS422.
In this Project several methods of UART are used like serial communication between two
microcontrollers, communicating via Bluetooth and then proceeding towards wireless
communication. Zigbee has been used to transmit and receive data wirelessly and thus
communication between two microcontrollers takes place. User defined encryption and
decryption algorithms are used. Further end devices can be interfaced which can be controlled by
Zigbee.

Signature of Student

Signature of Supervisor

Name

Name

Date

Date