Stresses and Deformation

[Torsion]
Lectures #8-9
References:
Beer, F.P. et al. (2011) Mechanics of materials. 6th Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill.
Hibbeler, R.C. (2011) Mechanics of materials. 8th Ed. Prentice Hall.

Procedure for Analysis v3.0

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems

Internal

resultant loading

FBD
Use equilibrium equations

Deformation

Stresses

and Strains

Section property
Torsional formula

Design

for required section (apply FS)

Homework

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft

Problem 8.1 Torsion

Objectives & Review

The solid shaft of radius is subjected to a torque .

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft

Determine the fraction

of that is resisted by
the material contained
within the outer region
of the shaft, which has
an inner radius of /
2 and outer radius

Problem 8.2 Torsion

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2

The pipe shown (inner diameter of 80 mm, and an outer

diameter of 100 mm) is tightened against the support at
A using a torque wrench at B. Determine the shear stress
developed in the material along the central portion of the
pipe when 80N forces are applied to the wrench.

Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft

Problem 8.3 Design of Shafts

Objectives & Review

2.4 m

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

1.2 m

0.6 m

The uniform sign is supported by

the steel pipe AB, which has an
inner radius of 70 mm and an
outer radius of 75 mm. The face
of the sign is subjected to a wind
pressure which causes an
equivalent torsional moment
of13.8 kN-m concentrated at
point B. Determine the maximum
torsional stress among points C,
D, E and F

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft

Problem 8.4 Power Transmission

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2

A shaft consisting of a steel tube of 50 mm outer

diameter is to transmit 100 kW of power from the
motor M operating at 1200 rpm. Determine the tube
thickness which should be used if the yielding shearing
stress is 90 Mpa. The factor of safety against material
failure is equal to 1.5

Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft (Power Transmission)

Summary 1/2
Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Mechanics of Materials - relate the external forces with the internal state
External
Internal State
Loading
Stress
Strain
Deformation
Axial or Normal
Shear
(plates and
connections)

not discussed

Moment: Flexure
Bending

Transverse Shear
(beams)

Moment: Torsion
Torsion

Special Case: Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Apply the Torsion Formula to solve for the Stresses in a shaft

Problem 9.1 Angle of Twist

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2

The horizontal shaft AD is attached to a fixed base at D

and is subjected to the torques shown. A 44-mmdiameter hole has been drilled into portion CD of the
shaft. Knowing that the entire shaft is made of steel for
which G = 77 GPa, determine the angle of twist at end A.

Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Analyze/Design shafts that are statically determinate/indeterminate

Problem 9.2 Angle of Twist

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2

Two solid shafts shown are coupled together using the

meshed gears. Determine the angle of twist of end A of
shaft AB when the torque T = 45 N-m is applied.
Take G = 80 GPa. Shaft AB is free to rotate within
bearings E and F, whereas shaft DC is fixed at D. Each
shaft has a diameter of 20 mm.

Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Analyze/Design shafts that are statically determinate/indeterminate

Procedure for Analysis v3.1

Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Internal

resultant loading

FBD. Check for Indeterminacy

Use equilibrium equations

Deformation

DD. Set-up compatibility equation as needed

Relate the deformations and the loads

Stresses

/ Compatibility

and strains

Section property
Torsional formula

Design

for required section (apply FS)

Analyze/Design shafts that are statically determinate/indeterminate

10

Problem 9.3
Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems

If the shaft below is subjected to a uniform distributed

torque of t = 20,000 N-mm/mm (20 kN-m/m), determine
the maximum shear stress developed in the shaft. The
shaft is made of aluminium alloy and is fixed at A and C.

Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Analyze/Design shafts that are statically determinate/indeterminate

Summary 2/2
Objectives & Review

Lecture #8
Torsional Shear Stress
Analysis 3.0
Problems
Power Transmission
Problems
Summary 1/2
Angle of Twist
Problems
Summary 2/2
Lecture #9
Indeterminate
Analysis 3.1
Problems
Homework

Mechanics of Materials - relate the external forces with the internal state
External
Internal State
Loading
Stress
Strain
Deformation
Axial or Normal
Shear
(plates and
connections)

not discussed

Moment: Flexure
Bending

Transverse Shear
(beams)

Moment: Torsion
Torsion

Special Case: Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Analyze/Design shafts that are statically determinate/indeterminate

12